generous

高考英语一轮复习词汇语篇模式主题语境:

Topic4性格与行为特征

①智力与能力(IntelligenceandAbility)

________[ə'bIlətI]110,talent,bright,clever,smart,________['sImp(ə)l]97,

stupid,wi,________[In'telIdʒ(ə)nt]24,knowledgeable,silly,dull,gifted,

foolish,forgetful

②态度(Attitude)

attitude,____________[kɑːm]47,confident,________

[InˌθjuːzI'æstIk]14,optimistic,patient,direct,positive,negativeproud,polite,

cruel,rude,demanding,abnt­minded,________['kɔːʃəs]23,conrvative,down­to­earth,

extremefrank

③性格(Character)

character,________[pɜːsə'nælItI]14,determined，independent,________

['præktIk(ə)l]48,nsitive,strict,active,passive,________[ə'gresIv]14,

cheerful,gentle,humorous,shy,silent,flexible,outgoing,stubborn,ambitious,

rigid,nsible,easy­going,strong­minded,straightforward

④品质(Quality)

quality,trait,________['dʒen(ə)rəs]20,________[rI'laIəb(ə)l]17,tough,natural,

brave,courage,honest,noble,principle,thoughtful，dignity,virtue,

considerate,hard­working,model,warm­hearted,vice,________['griːdI]4,mean,

shallow,lf­centred,lfish,responsible,deligent,upright

⑤行为(Behavior)

blame,________[dI'stɜːb]9,pretend,goodmanner,findfault(withsb./sth.),

laughat,makefunof,playajokeon,playtrickson,litter,acceptable,________

['riːz(ə)nəb(ə)l]22,lopatience,goodbehavior,tanexamplefor/to,spit,tea,

________[ə'prəʊprIət]11,ridiculous,absurd,defensive,offensive,ill­mannered,

queue­jumping,gooddeeds,swallowone'spride,insult

⑥其他(Others)

________[ə'kʌstəmd]5,shape,mature,________[hezI'teIʃn]5,display

ability;simple;intelligent;calm;enthusiastic;cautious;personality;

practical;aggressive;generous;reliable;greedy;disturb;reasonable;appropriate;

accustomed;hesitation

talent

①(2019·北京高考)Moorewantstouheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheir

smiles.

②(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Yolo!ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonprenttheplayby

RajivJoph,inwhichanorigami(折纸术)artistinvitesateenagetalentandhis

teacherintoherstudio.

(1)根据首字母或汉语提示填空

①Sheshowedconsiderablet________forgettingwhatshewanted.

②Heisa________(有才能的)person,butfewknowofhim.

答案：①talent②talented

(2)单句语法填空

①Thereareagreatmany________(talent)peoplewaitingtobediscovered.

②Sheshowed________talentforactingatanearlyage.

③ItisbelievedthatTomhasatalent________driving.

答案：①talented②a③for

(3)单句写作

①He________________________________(显示出数学方面的天赋)whenhewasyoung.

②Insomeways______________________(这位天才音乐家)isalor.

答案：①showedatalentformath②thetalentedmusician

(1)n.天资；天赋；天才

(2)n.有才能的人；天才；人才peopleorapersonwithanaturalabilitytodo

haveatalentfor有……天赋

showatalentfor显示出……天赋

talentedadj.有才能的，天才的

calm

①(2015·北京高考)Itinvolvesslow,steadybreathingforlf­controlthathelps

peoplestaycalmandattentive.

②Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest,thenext,theairwascharged

withtension.

③Oncethey'drowedbeyondthecalmwaters,abeachumbrellatiedtotheboat

caughtthewindandpulledtheboatintoopenwater.

④(2017·浙江高考)Shesaystheactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcited

andmakeithardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.

(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义

①Itisimportanttokeepcalminanemergency.________

②Thestreetsarecalmagainafterlastnight'sdisturbances.________

③Theasweredeadcalm.________

④Shewasbreathingquicklyandtriedtocalmherlf.________

答案：①镇静的；沉着的②平静的③风平浪静的④使冷静；使镇静

(2)单句语法填空

①Itisveryimportanttokeep________(calmly)whenanearthquakebreaksout.

②Thenurstriedtheirbesttocalmtheanxiouspatient________.

③Heapproachedtheproblem________calmandcaution.

答案：①calm②down③with

(3)单句写作

①Itwasdifficultto________________________(使她镇静下来),asshewastoo

excited.

②______________________(我们应该保持镇静)evenwhenweareindanger.

答案：①calmher/herlfdown②Weshouldkeepcalm

(1)adj.镇静的；沉着的notexcited,nervousorupt

(2)adj.平静的，稳定的havefeweractivities,eresometimes

is,orthantherehasbeenrecently

(3)adj.风平浪静的withoutlargewaves

(4)v.(使)冷静；(使)镇静ssangry,worried,orexcited

remain/stay/keepcalm保持镇静

calm(sb./onelf)down(使某人/自己)平静/安静下来

withcalm冷静地；平静地；安静地

calmlyadv.冷静地；平静地；安静地

calmnessn.冷静；镇静；平静

character

①(2018·北京高考)Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,

andisusuallyadvidtoreduceit.

②However,hecannottakethecreditforcreatingotherwell­lovedcharacters,

suchasCinderellaandSnowWhite.

③Thewholecharacteroftheschoolhaschanged.

④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Trulyelegantchopsticksmightbemadeofgoldandsilverwith

Chinecharacters.

(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义

①Theyaretwinsbuthavequitedifferentcharacters.________

②Themodernhotelshavenorealcharacter.________

③Whoarethemaincharactersintheplay？________

④Thecharactersonmytypewriteraretoosmall.________

答案：①个性，性格②特色③人物，角色④文字

(2)单句语法填空

①Herbehaviourlastnightwasquite________ofcharacter.

②Ambitionis________characteristicofallsuccessfulbusinessmen.

③Arethereanydifferent________(characteristic)betweenAmericanEnglishand

BritishEnglish?

答案：①out②a③characteristics

(3)单句写作

①Hecalledyournames,and______________________(这不符合他的个性)．

②PractisingChinekungfucannotonlybuildupone'sstrength,butalso

________________________(磨炼意志)．

答案：①thisisoutofcharacter②build(up)one'scharacter

(1)n.个性，性格theparticularcombinationofqualitiesthatmakessomeonea

particulartypeofperson

(2)n.人物，角色apersoninabook,play,film,etc.

(3)n.特色，特点theparticularcombinationoffeaturesandqualitiesthatmakes

athingoraplacedifferentfromallothers

(4)n.(书写、印刷或计算机上的)文字，字母，符号aletter,sign,markorsymbol

udinwriting,printingoroncomputers

in/outofcharacter合乎/不合乎某人的个性

build(up)one'scharacter磨炼意志

characteristicadj.典型的n.特性，特征

beacharacteristicof……的特征

determine

①(2019·天津6月高考)Drivenbyheaven­knows­whatmotives,hedeterminesto

writeabook.

②(2019·北京高考)It'snotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.

③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ),thekeyboard

candeterminepeople'sidentities.

(1)根据首字母或汉语提示填空

①Investigatorsarestilltryingtod_________thecauofthefire.

②Weare________(有决心的)thatourtrainingshouldkeeppacewiththecurrent

developmentineducation.

③Igotbothbackthrough________(决心)andhardwork.

答案：①determine②determined③determination

(2)单句语法填空

①Inordertoethesunri,theydetermined________(start)early.

②Wedetermined________goingtotherailwaystationatonce.

③Theteacher'ncouragingwordsdeterminedhim________(study)hard.

④Iwasdetermined________(succeed)andbeproudofmydailyprogress.

⑤Everyoneconcernedactedwithgreatcourageand________(determine)．

答案：①tostart②on/upon③tostudy④tosucceed⑤determination

(3)单句写作

①我们的足球队决心赢得比赛。(determined)

_______________________________________________________________

②他下决心再也不回来了。(that从句)

_______________________________________________________________

答案：①Ourfootballteamweredeterminedtowinthegame.②Hedeterminedthat

hewouldnotcomebackagain.

(1)v.决定；形成；支配；影响inaparticularwayorbeof

aparticulartype

(2)v.查明；测定；准确算出todiscoverthefactsaboutsth.

(3)v.确定；裁决；安排toofficiallydecideand/orarrangesth.

generous

①(2019·北京高考)AnA­teammayrequireabalance—notjustAplayers，buta

fewgenerousBplayersaswell.

②IwassoimpresdbyhisgenerousheartthatInthimthisletter.

③Shewasgenerounoughtooverlookmylittlemistake.

(1)根据首字母或汉语提示填空

①She'salwaysveryg________tothekids.

②Weneedtogiveupwhatwegetso________(慷慨地)．

③Withcharacteristicg________，heofferedtobuyticketsforallofus.

答案：①generous②generously③generosity

(2)单句语法填空

①I'dliketothankMary,who'sbeenverygenerous________hertime.

②Althoughhewaspoor,hewasquitegenerous________hisneedyfriends.

③Itisgenerousofyou________(lend)yourportablecomputertome.

答案：①with②to③tolend

(3)单句写作

①________________________(你真是太慷慨了)tooffertopayforusboth.

②________________________(他总是乐于)sharinghinormousknowledge.

答案：①It'sverygenerousofyou②Heisalwaysgenerousin

(1)adj.丰富的；充足的；大的morethanisnecessary;large

(2)adj.慷慨的；大方的givingorwillingtogivefreely;givenfreely

(3)adj.宽厚的；宽宏大量的；仁慈的kindinthewayyoutreatpeople;willing

toewhatisgoodaboutsb./sth.

accustomed

①(2015·浙江高考)However,insteadofdevotingthemlvestotheirwork,they

findthemlvesworkingtosupportthelifestyletowhichtheyhavesoquicklybecome

accustomed.

②Hetookhisaccustomedatbythefire.

(1)根据句意写出加黑词的最佳释义

①Wewereaccustomedtoworkingtogether.________

②Thepanswereintheiraccustomedplaces.________

答案：①习惯于②通常的

(2)单句语法填空

①Hehasgotaccustomed________(get)upearly,evenincoldwintermonths.

②Shefounditnecessarytoaccustom________(her)tothelocalcustoms.

答案：①togetting②herlf

(3)一句多译

她的眼睛很快就适应了黑暗。

①________________________________________________________

②________________________________________________________

答案：①Hereyesquicklybecame/got/grewaccustomedtothedark.②She

accustomedhereyestothedarkquickly.

(1)adj.习惯于eptingitasnormalorusual

(2)adj.(仅用于名词前)通常的；惯常的usual

get/become/growaccustomedto_(doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事

accustomvt.使习惯于

accustomonelf/(doing)sth.使自己/某物习惯于(做)某事

Ⅰ.七选五

(2018·北京高考)

WhyDoWeGetAngry?

Angeremssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausofangerarevarious.

Knowingthecauscanmakeuxamineourbehavior,

mainreasonswegetangryaretriggering(触发)events,personalitytraits(特征),

andourasssmentofsituations.__1__

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtake

r,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,a

deadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.__2__Thereason

whysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonal

historyandpsychologicaltraits.

Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,who

havepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupttolerance

aremuchmorelikelytogetangry.__3__Also,sometimespre­angerdoesnothaveto

dowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringevent

hasoccurred.

__4__Sometimevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre­anger,oranger

mesignoranceandnegative(消极的)outlooksonsituationscancreate

anger.

__5__However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasons

emainreasonsinmind,

wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasofoutbursts

bycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.

A．Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.

B．Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.

C．Angerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait,andisusually

advidtoreduceit.

D．Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhave

reasonstofeelangry.

E．Havingthepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre­angerstate,whereangeris

inthebackgroundofyourmind.

F．Understandingthereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingto

evaluateourlveswithacriticaleye.

G．Noteveryoneactsthesameinrespontoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggers

onepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.

篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了我们生气的原因。

情绪管理是个人性格培养的关键方面，也是个人素养的主要体现。新时期，

面对各种困难和挑战，良好的情绪是通往成功的决定因素之一(agoodmoodisoneofthe

decisivefactorsleadingtosuccess)。每个人都应学会做好情绪管理。

1．F空格前一句讲我们生气的主要原因有触发事件、个人心理特征和我们对情况的评

估。F项(如果我们愿意用批判的眼光评估自己，弄清楚这些原因可以控制我们自己的愤怒)

承上启下。故选F。

2．G由第二段首句可知，该段主要关于触发事件与生气的关系。空格后一句讲有的人

会因为触发事件生气，有的人却不会，导致这种现象的原因常常是个人心理特征和经历。G项

(并不是每个人都对事件作出同样的反应，这就是触发一个人生气的事情可能或可能不会触发

另一个人生气的原因)紧密衔接上文，符合该段主旨。故选G。

3．E空格前一句讲拥有喜好竞争和低沮丧容忍度个性特征的人更容易生气。E项(有这

些个性特征暗示着你处于预愤怒状态，在这种状态下愤怒存在于你的思想的隐蔽位置)承接上

文，符合语境。故选E。

4．A空格后一句讲，有时连日常发生的事情都会成为预愤怒或愤怒的来源。A项(我们

对形势的态度和观点也会在我们心里产生愤怒)能够引出下文，且其中的“attitudeand

viewpoint”与该段最后一句中的“outlooks”相呼应。故选A。

5．D空格后一句提到，然而愤怒很容易导致暴力，为了避免出现这种情况，最好去了

解愤怒产生的原因。D项(生气是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气)恰好与

之构成转折关系，与However形成衔接。故选D。

①personalityn.个性；品格②describevt.描述；描绘③cutoff切断；中断

(第二段第一句)Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemall

wouldtakehundredsofpages.

译文：引发愤怒的事件如此之多，以至于描述它们都需要数百页纸。

分析：本句中Triggeringeventsforanger为动名词短语作主语；so...that...意

为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，在该状语从句中，todescribethemall

为动词不定式作主语。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2018·江苏高考改编)RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheir

avingshadbeen__1__topaylawyers'matters

wor,Mothwasdiagnod(诊断)asno__2__，only

painrelief.

Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakea__3__journey,asthey

caughtsightofanoldhikers'(徒步旅行者)guide.

Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipand__4__

leavinghome,RaynorandMothhadjust￡annedtokeepthe

__5__lowbylivingonboilednoodles,withthe__6__hamburgershoptreat.

Wildcampingis__7__dbeingcaught,theWinnshadtoget

nssoondiscovered

thatdailyhikingintheir50sisalot__8__thantheyrememberitwasintheir20s.

,meanwhile,afteraninitial__9__，

foundhissymptomswerestrangely__10__bytheirdailytiringjourney.

__11__，thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter,withre­found

strongmusclesthattheythoughthadlostforever.“Ourhairwasfriedandfalling

out,nailsbroken,clothes__12__toathread,butwewerealive.”

Duringthejourney,tes,“__13__

hadtakeneverymaterialthingfrommeandleftmetornbare,anemptypageatthe

endofa(n)__14__lsogivenmeachoice,eithertoleavethat

page__15__hope.”

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。RaynorWinn和Moth这对患难夫妻选择去徒步旅行，在

艰苦的旅行过程中，他们的情况逐渐好转，生活变得充满希望。

1．pB．udup

C．backedupD．keptup

答案：B根据上一句中的“becamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment”可知，

RaynorWinn和丈夫Moth因为错误投资而破产，无家可归，因而此处指支付律师费花光了他

们的积蓄；B项意为“耗尽，用完”，符合语境。故B项正确。

2．．luck

C．careD．promi

答案：A根据该句中的“onlypainrelief”可知，此处指没有治愈的方法，只能缓解

疼痛。A项意为“治疗，疗法”，符合语境。故A项正确。

3．ssB．walking

C．busD．rail

答案：B根据该句中的“astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers'(徒步旅行者)

guide”可知，此处指他们决定去徒步旅行。B项意为“步行”，符合语境。故B项正确。

4．edB．frightening

C．disappointingD．surprising

答案：D根据前文可知，Moth被诊断患有严重的疾病；结合倒数第二段中的“thecouple

foundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter...forever”可知，此处指令人惊讶

的是，Moth的身体竟然得到了改善。D项意为“令人惊讶的”，符合语境。故D项正确。

5．B．revenue

C．compensationD．allowance

答案：A根据语境及空格前一句中的“hadjust￡320inthebank”可知，夫妇俩人

计划靠吃煮面条来维持低预算。A项意为“预算”，符合语境。故A项正确。

6．ntB．occasional

C．abundantD．constant

答案：B根据上文可知，他们计划靠吃煮面条来维持低预算，所以，此处指他们偶尔去

汉堡包店消费来款待下自己。B项意为“偶尔的”，符合语境。故B项正确。

7．larB．lawful

C．attractiveD．illegal

答案：D根据空格后一句中的“Toavoidbeingcaught”可知，在英国野营是违法的。

D项意为“违法的”，符合语境。故D项正确。

8．B．easier

C．cheaperD．funnier

答案：A根据语境并结合常识可知，Winns夫妇很快就发现50多岁时进行徒步旅行比

20多岁时难多了。A项意为“更困难的”，符合语境。故A项正确。

9．leB．progress

C．excitementD．rearch

答案：A根据语境及该句中的“strangely”可知，此处指在经历了最初的痛苦挣扎后，

Moth发现每天令人疲劳的旅行竟然减轻了他的症状。A项意为“挣扎，斗争”，符合语境。

故A项正确。

10．pedB．controlled

C．reducedD．incread

答案：C根据上下文内容可知，在经历了最初的痛苦挣扎后，Moth发现每天令人疲劳

的旅行竟然减轻了他的症状。C项意为“减轻”，符合语境。故C项正确。

11．llyB．Eventually

C．TemporarilyD．Conquently

答案：B根据语境可知，最后这对夫妻发现他们的身体有了好转。故B项正确。

12．．washed

C．wornD．ironed

答案：C此处表述我们的头发干枯脱落，指甲也断了，衣服也破烂不堪，但我们还活着。

C项意为“磨损”，符合语境。故C项正确。

13．sB．Hiking

C．LawyersD．Homelessness

答案：D根据第一段第一句中的“becamehomeless”可知，此处指无家可归令他们身

无一物。D项意为“无家可归”，符合语境。故D项正确。

14．．partly

C．neatlyD．originally

答案：B根据下文中的“keepwritingthestory”可知，无家可归给Raynor已经写

了一部分的生活之书上留下一张空白页。故B项正确。

15．．full

C．blankD．missing

答案：C根据该句中的“ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope”并结合前一句中

的“empty”可知，它也给了“我”一个选择，要么让那一页留下空白，要么继续满怀希望地

书写故事。C项意为“空白的”，符合语境。故C项正确。

Ⅲ.语法填空

tearly

becauIhadanappointment__1__(late)ndswalkedmetothebus

stopandwaitedwithme__2__thebusandfoundaatnear

theback,andthenInoticedaman__3__(sit)__4__(pretend)that

be__5__(mental)disabled.

Behindhimwereotherpeopleto__6__hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutes

__7__walkedawayandsatnearme,'twanttobelaughedat

fortalkingtohimbutIdidn'tlikeleavinghim__8__hisowneither.

xt

__9__ffthe

busbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.

I'__10__ofusfeelgood.

1．________2.________3.________4.________

5．________6.________7.________8.________

9．________10.________

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者上了公交车后，发现了一位精神病患者，不计旁人

的目光和他交谈。

1．later考查词性转换。在此表示“那天晚些时候”。later“以后；其后；随后”，

所以用副词later。

2．until考查连词。此处表示朋友们陪着作者一直等到车到站。故填until“直到”。

3．sitting考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，这里应该用sit的现在分词sitting

作宾语补足语。

4．pretended考查动词的时态。根据全文内容可知，这是描述过去的事情，因此要用

一般过去时。

5．mentally考查词性转换。此处需用副词修饰形容词disabled。所以用mentally。

6．whom考查定语从句的引导词。分析句式结构可知，此处是介词＋关系代词引导的定

语从句，修饰先行词otherpeople，指人，故填whom。

7．he考查代词。此处指那位精神病患者坐到作者身边，再根据前文中的he可知，这

里应该用he作主语。

8．on考查介词。onone'sown为固定短语，意为“独自地”。

9．an考查冠词。此处表示“一次不可思议的对话”，其前的形容词amazing是以元音

音素开头的，因此这里要用不定冠词an。

10．both考查代词。这让作者和那位精神病患者两个人都很快乐。故填both。

【重点语法】

Ⅳ.写作新题型——概要写作

阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

goesby,youcouldend

mesfromthelongestrunningpersonality

ingtorearchersfromtheUniversity

ofEdinburghintheUK,ourpersonalitychangessomuchfromyouthtooldagethat

mostpeople'spersonalitiesinolderagearebarelyrecognizablecomparedtotheir

youngerlves.

Therearchersanalyzedresultsfromastudyin1947,whichgathered1,208

teenagersinScotlandaged14andaskedtheirteacherstoasss(评估)their

personalitiesbadonsixtraits(特性).Now,morethansixdecadeslater,the

UniversityofEdinburghteamhasmanagedtocontact635oftheoriginalstudents,

erageageof

76.7yearsold，thegroupwereaskedtoratethemlvesonthesamesixpersonality

traits,andthenpickaclofriendorfamilymembertodothesame.

Bycomparingthethen­and­nowtestresults,therearchersfoundthatthere

wasalmostnorelationshipbetweenthetraitspeoplehadasteenagersandthoin

“asifthecondtestshadbeengiventodifferent

people”，thestudy'srearcherswroteintheirreport,whichwaspublishedin

journalPsychologyandAging.

Astheteamexplained,ourpersonalityappearsstableovershortintervals

(间隔).However,thelongertheintervalbetweentwopersonalitytestsis,theweaker

'sclearthatmorestudiesareneeded

tofindoutwhat'ouldbethefirstsignthatit'snotjust

ourcellsthatarebeingreplacedthroughoutlife—thewaywethink,feelandbehave

mightnotbeastinstoneasweoncethought.

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写前导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们的性格会随着年纪的增长而不断变化。

[精彩范文]

Arearchshowsthatpeople'spersonalitychangesgreatlyfromtheyoungtothe

oldandisnearlybeyondrecognition.(要点1)Therearcherstestedparticipants

twicetoassstheirpersonalitieswhentheywereteenagersandthenmorethan60

yearslater.(要点2)Theresultsshowedlittlerelationshipbetweenthem.(要点

3)Infact,withtimegoingby,bothourmindandbodyarechanginggreatly.(要

点4)

[试题分析]

(1)原文材料350词以内，概要写作要求60词左右。

(2)原文以说明文、议论文为主。

(3)概要基本上就是段落大意。每段用一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概

括即可。

(4)要着重训练对文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。