全国硕士研究生入学统一考试
英语语言学基础与英语写作
考试大纲
目录
I考查目标....................................................................................................................1
II考试形式和试卷结构..............................................................................................1
III考查内容.................................................................................................................1
IV.题型示例及参考答案............................................................................................2
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《英语语言学基础与英语写作》考试大纲
I考查目标
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试自命题科目《英语语言学基础与英语写作》考
试是为我校招收教育专业硕士学科教学(英语)方向研究生而设置的具有选拔性
质的考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生是否具备攻读该专业方向
所必须的基本素质、一般能力和培养潜能,以利用选拔具有发展潜力的优秀人才
入学,为国家的经济建设培养具有良好职业道德、法制观念和国际视野、具有较
强分析与解决实际问题能力的高层次、应用型、复合型的外语教育人才。考试测
试考生掌握主要语言学派的基础知识、语言学(包括各语言学分支)的基础知识、
语言学理论的基本应用能力,考察学生掌握词汇的基本概念、构词法、词汇使用
等,考察考生的英语写作能力,考查考生能运用这些概念与理论分析解决教学中
与语言学有关问题的能力。
具体要求考生:
应该理解并掌握语言学、词汇学、写作的基本属性及规律,掌握语言学定义、
特征;语音学定义、特征、分类;音素、音位和音位变体及音位学规则;形态学、
句法学、语义学、语用学的定义、分类、变化规则;语言的变化、语言与文化规
则;二语习得及语言与大脑的基本概念和基本应用。
掌握词汇学定义、历史、形式、意义关系、词典应用、语篇词汇的理念和发
展。
考察英语写作能力。
II考试形式和试卷结构
一、试卷满分及考试时间
试卷满分为150分,考试时间180分钟。
二、答题方式
闭卷、笔试,用英文解答各类试题,不容许使用各类词典。
三、试卷内容与题型结构
正误判断(5个,每题2分,共10分)
选择题(5个,每题2分,共10分)
名词解释(6小题,每题5分,共30分)
简答题(6小题,每题10分,共60分)
英文写作(1题,共40分)
假如每题分数有变化,变化范围亦不大。
III考查内容
1.语言和语言学:语言和语言学的定义、范畴、识别特征、重要区分等。
2.语音学:语音的定义、发音器官、正字法表征和分类。
3.音位学:音素、音位和音位变体;音位的对立、互补分布和最小对立体;
音位学规则、识别特征和超音段特征。
4.词汇学:词的概念、性质、意义和形态;词汇的单位、分类、发展和应用。
5.语法:句法的定义和范畴;短语成分和结构规则;语法的性质、意义、范
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畴、形式手段;句子、句子结构和句子转换;名词和名词词组;动词和动词词组;
动词的时和体及非谓语形式;形容词和副词及词组;介词和介词词组;陈述句、
疑问句、祈使句、感叹句、存在句、条件句,并列结构和从属结构;引语、修饰、
替代、后置、前置、倒装等基础概念。
6.语义学:语义及其分类;意义研究的基本观点;词汇意义、句子意义关系、
意义分析。
7.语用学:基本概念、言语行为理论、会话规则。
8.语言变化和社会:语音、形态、句法、词汇变化、变化原因及趋势;社会
语言学范畴和概念;语言变体、标准方言、克里奥耳语和洋泾浜语;涮股现象和
双语。
9.语言和文化:文化的定义及与语言的关系;萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说;文化差异
的语言证据;文化对教学的意义;文化传播和重叠;跨文化交际。
10语言习得:儿童语言习得理论、语言发展的认知因素;语言环境和关键
期假说;儿童语言发展阶段;非典型发展。
11.第二语言习得:一语和二语习得关联及影响;对比分析、错误分析、中
介语;二语学习模式及输入假说;个体差异;二语习得及其对教学影响。
12.语言与大脑:神经语言学定义、范畴、模式及研究方法、心理语言学定
义、范畴、模式及研究方法。
13.英语写作综合能力。不少于400字
IV.题型示例及参考答案
efollowingstatementsTrue(T)orFal(F)(10’).
tchildrendonotinflectnounsorverbs.
enlearntheirnativelanguagewellwhenevertheystartandwhatever
kindsoflanguagesamplestheyreceive.
ildtoacquirehismothertonguethemostbasicrequirementisthat
thenbegintolearnthe
language.
ogyandgrammararefinite,tightlystructuredsystems,thechild
mustmasterthembeforepubertyinordertobeanativespeakerofthe
language.
syforparentstoteachtheirchildrengrammar.
theappropriateanswerfromthegivenones(10’)
fthefollowingisanexampleofclipping?
eoflanguagewhichislectedasappropriatetoaparticulartypeof
situationiscalled.
er
3
fthefollowingitalicizedpartsisaninflectionalmorpheme?
-stage
4._____isalanguagephenomenoninwhichwordssoundlikewhattheyrefer
to.
lation
tence“Cloyourbookandlistentomecarefully!”performs
a(n)______function.
AinterrogativeBinformativeCperformativeDdirective
retthefollowingterms(30’)
mediumoflanguage(5%)
(5%)
(5%)
alPeriodHypothesis(5%)
my.(5%)
tics.(5%)
questions.(60’)
helanguageacquisitiontheories,suchasbehaviorism,innatism,
interactionism,andcognitivetheory,whichonedoyouthinkismore
reasonableandconvincing?Explainwhy?
ndoflanguagelearneryouare?Haveyoueverthoughtofhowyou
learnEnglish?
ChineinEnglishlearningandhow?Trytoobrveyourlf
andpayattentiontothis,whatconclusionscanyoureachabouttheroleof
ChineinyourEnglishlearning?
elearningstrategiesyouufrequently.
’syourunderstandingofthemajorbranchesofLinguistics?Howdo
youinterpretthefollowingdefinitionoflinguistics:Linguisticsisthescientific
studyoflanguage?
’syourunderstandingofsynchronicordiachronic?Forwhatreasons
doesmodernlinguisticsgiveprioritytospeechratherthantowriting?
ginEnglish(40’)
NowadaysinChina,undergraduatesaregiventhelegalpermissiontoget
oulookatthisregulation?Writeanessayofabout400
wordstostateyourview.
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参考答案:
I.1-5True,Fal,True,True,Fal
II1-5BDCAA
itedrangeofsoundsthatareudinhumancommunication,
speechsounds.
isabranchoflinguisticsthatstudieswordsarecombinedtoform
ntencesandtherulesthatgoverntheformationofntences.
isaunitoflexicalmeaning,whichexistsregardlessofany
inflectionalendingsitmayhaveorthenumberofwordsitmaycontain.
idthatageisanotherfactorthatisworthmentioninginlanguage
rvedthatchildrenwillneverlearnedlanguageiftheyare
nnebergarguedthattheLAD(language
acquisitiondevice),likeotherbiologicalfunctions,workssuccessfullyonlywhenitis
stimulatedattherighttime-----aspecificandlimitedtimeperiodforlanguage
acquisition------whichisreferredtoastheCriticalPeriodHypothesis(CPH).Thereare
hestrongonesuggeststhatchildrenmustacquire
theirfirstlanguagebypubertyortheywillneverbeabletolearnfromsubquent
exposure,theweakversionholdsthatlanguagelearningwillbemoredifficultand
incompleteafterpuberty.
myreferstothenotionofinclusionwherebywecansaythat‘anxis
akindofY’.Itisthecalss–ymyIncludesthemeaningof
e
generaltermiscalledthesuperordinateorhypernym.
aldefinitionisthatitisthe
studyofhowspeakersofalanguageuntencestoeffectsuccessful
communication.
expectedtotellatleastoneforeignlanguageacquisitiontheorythat
youknowandprovidethemainargumentaboutthetheoryandthencommentthe
theoryeitheronthebaofyourteachingexperienceorlearningexperience.
suppodtotellyourknowledgeaboutlearningstyle,especiallyabout
ytocategorizeyourlearningstyleintothe
establishedoneandreflecttheweaknessandstrengthofyourlearningstyle.
requiretoidentifytheroleofone’smothertongueinlearninga
uyourpersonallearningexperienceasanexample
considerthisrole.
estionasksyoutotellyourknowledgeabouttheforeignlanguage
ytoidentifyyourownlearningstrategy.
orbranchesoflinguisticsare:(1)phonetics:(2)phonology(3)
morphology(4)syntax(5)mantics(6)pragmatics.2)Itisbadonthesystematic
investigationoflinguisticdata,conductedwithreferencetosomegeneraltheoryof
rtodiscoverthenatureandrulesoftheunderlying
languagesystem,thatthelinguisthastodofirstistocollectandobrvelanguage
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facts,whicharefoundtodisplaysomesimilarities,andgeneralizationsaremade
aboutthem;
thehypothesthusformedhavetobechecked….
6.1)Inmodemlinguistics,asynchronicapproachemstoenjoypriorityovera
epeoplebelievedthatunlessthevariousstatesofalanguagein
differenthistoricalperiodsaresuccessfullystudied,itwouldbedifficulttodescribe
4.2)Speechand
inguistics
regardsthespokenlanguageasthenaturalortheprimarymediumofhumanlanguage
epointofviewoflinguisticevolution,speechis
tingsystemofanylanguageisalways“invented”byits
today'sworldtherearestillmany
everydaycommunication,
speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountofinformation
o,speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquires
hismothertongue,
modernlinguists,spokenlanguagerevealsmanytruefeaturesofhumanspeechwhile
writtenlanguageisonlythe“revid”eirdatafor
investigationandanalysisaremostlydrawnfromeverydayspeech,whichtheyregard
asauthentic….
VWritingasssmentdescriptors
hievement:coversallrequirementsofthetasksufficientlyand
prents,highlightsandillustrateskeyfeatures/bulletpointsclearly
nceandCohesion:quencesinformationandideaslogically,
managesallaspectsofcohesionwellandusparagraphingsufficientlyand
appropriately
lResource:usawiderangeofvocabularyfluentlyandflexibly
toconveyprecimeanings,skillfullyusuncommonlexicalitembutthere
maybeoccasionalinaccuraciesinwordchoiceandcollocation,producesrare
errorsinspellingand/orwordformation
rs:usawiderangeofstructures♦themajorityofntences
areerrorfree,makesonlyveryoccasionalerrorsorinappropriacies
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参考书目:
新编简明英语语言学教程,戴炜栋主编,上海外语教育出版社,2013年第二版;
英语词汇学教程杨信彰编著高等教育出版社2009年;
新编英语语法教程章振邦主编上海外语出版社2013年第六版
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