american

美国文化第一章

一.本章词汇。

te:tomakesomeonefeeldeterminedtodosomethingorenthusiasticaboutdoingit

ant:someonewhocomestoliveinacountryfromanothercountry

ion:averyoldcustom,belief,orstory;veryoldcustoms,beliefs,orstories,considered

together;anactivitythathappensregularlyandhasbecometheusualthing

nt:moreimportant,powerful,orsuccessfulthantheotherpeopleorthingsofthe

sametype;adominantpersonoranimalisstrongerthanothersinagroupandwantsto

controlthem;morenoticeablethantheotherpartsoraspectsofsomething

icant:verylargeornoticeable

ce:madesomeonethinkthatsomethingistrue

:showssomethingthatwashidden

e:ideas,beliefs,andcustoms

ipant:peoplewhoaretakingpartinanactivity

ty:whoyouare,orwhatyournameis;thequalitiesthatmakesomeoneor

somethingwhattheyareanddifferentfromotherpeople

:alimitonthenumberallowed

ct:parateanddifferentinawaythatisclear

ty:agroupofpeoplewhoraceisdifferentfromthatofmostpeopleina

country

ant:someonewhoobrveswithoutexpressinganopinion

:onepartofanideathathasmanyparts

ry:groupofthingsthatallhavethesamequalities

t:anidea

:adiscussionofdifferentopinions

ish:tostartsomethingthatwillcontinue

te:tojudgebycalculatingandguessing

esis:anexplanationnotyetproven

ntally:bytheway

ution:alargeorganization,especiallyonededicatedtopublicrvice

e:tocontinueinspiteofdifficulties

:oneofakind

:tobedifferent

二.词组搭配

ishedcommunities

icantfactor

lobrver

rializedcountries

mmigrants

ntculture

alpluralism

ghypothes

三.本章要点信息

nificantfactorsinfluencingAmericanlifearetheimmensizeoftheUnited

Statesanditsgreatethnicdiversity.

romtheNativeAmericanswhowerelivingontheNorthAmericancontinent

whenthefirstEuropeanttlersarrived,allAmericanscamefromforeigncountries-or

theirancestorsdid.(Incidentally,someNativeAmericansarestillmembersofparate

anddistinctIndiannations,eachwithitsownlanguage,culture,traditions,andeven

government.)(P3)

e1600stothebirthoftheUnitedStatesin1776,mostimmigrantswerefrom

northernEurope,hepeoplewhoshaped

thevaluesandtraditionsthatbecamethedominant,traditionalcultureoftheUnitedStates.

(P3-P4)

ntrytookinabout35millionimmigrants,withthegreatestnumberscomingin

thenewimmigrantswerenotfromnorthern

Europe.(P4)

earof1882,thelargestnumbersofthenewimmigrantswerefromcentral,

eastern,andsouthernEurope.(P4)

1921,however,thecountrybegantolimitimmigration,andtheImmigrationActof

ilyfavoredimmigrantsfromnorthernandwestern

stemremainedineffectuntil1965withveralexceptionsallowinggroups

ofrefugeesfromcountriessuchasHungary,Cuba,Vietnam,andCambodiaintothe

UnitedStates.(P4)

21stcenturyimmigrationpatternsarecontinuingtochangethecolorandtheethnic

,thepercentageofwhiteAmericansofEuropean

,morethanhalfofallthenewimmigrantsarefrom

LatinAmerica,resultinginlargeconcentrationsofSpanishspeakersaroundthecountry.

HispanicsnowreprentthelargestnumberminorityintheUnitedState,largerthanthe

numberofAfricanAmericans.(P6)

softhecountrywithestablishedcommunitiesthatshareacommonlanguageor

culture,rticularlytrueincommunities

wherenewimmigrantsarestillarriving.(P6)

thenation’slargestcitiesare“majorityminority.”Thismeansmorethanhalfof

thepopulationaremembersofminoritygroups.(P8)

asian（白黑印亚裔人）referstoamixtureofCaucasian(white),black,Indian,

andAsian.(P8)

anishspeakersprefertobecalledLatinos(referringtoLatinAmerica)

insteadofHispanics(referringtoSpain).(P8)

eofallthisdiversity,eisa

nofnationalidentity-ofbeinganAmerican.(P8)

kcalledDemocracyinAmerica（《论美国的民主》）,writtenbyAlexisde

Tocqueville（托克维尔）,whichisaclassicstudyoftheAmericanwayoflife,inwhichmany

book

aboutthotraditionalbasicAmericanbeliefs,values,terof

thebookwasaneutralobrverandsawboththegoodandthebadsidesofthe

qualities.(P9)