2019考研英语答案

英语（二）试题-1-（共14页）

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Weighingyourlfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificant

weightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmore

thanit2.

Asforme,weighingmylfeverydaycaudmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeing

sbad

inedweightintheformofmusclemass,but

thinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,

conflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmylfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthe

saboutthreeweekstoa

monthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtraining

t8changeswillbeobrvedinskilllevel,strengthand

incheslost.

Forthe9,Istoppedweighingmylfeverydayandswitchedtoa

eightlossisnotmygoal,itisless

ngeveryotherweek

llsme

whetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.

Iumybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionas

ainingintensityremainsthesame,butI’mconstantly15and

droppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreamydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmylfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverall

health,fitnessandwell-being.I’mexperiencingincreadzealforworkingoutsinceI

nolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I’vealsoexperienced

greatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I’mtrainingaccording

tothogoals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,how

yourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

英语（二）试题-2-（共14页）

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SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,

uranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

英语（二）试题-3-（共14页）

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemergesa

littlelater,inconjunctionwithachild’sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.

Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay“I’msorry”;rather,theylearnovertimethat

suchstatementsappeaparentsandfriends–why

rearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,tobeagood

thing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcour,eply

uncomfortable–it’stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith

sunderstandingisoutdated.“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalora

rethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanrve,”saysAmrishaVaish,a

psychologyrearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalispartof

alargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren’tbinary–feelingsthatmaybeadvantageous

syandanger,forexample,mayhave

hhappinesscanbedestructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,can

,inotherwords,

indofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,TinaMalti,apsychology

professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan

berofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

kidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmore

guilt,eversa:Highsympathycan

substituteforlowguilt.

Ina2014study,forexample,aregiver

asssmentsandthechildren’slf-obrvations,sheratedeachchild’soverall

sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoral

ekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachanceto

low-sympathykids,howmuchthey

lt-proneones

sharedmore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictothe

otherchild’sdeprivation.

“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays.“Wecanbeprosocialbecauwecaudharm

andwefeelregret.”

英语（二）试题-4-（共14页）

chersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauitmayhelp______.

achild’smoraldevelopment

teachild’sbasicemotions

eachild’sintellectualability

ifyachild’spositivefeelings

ingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe______.

sable

ive

ive

some

oldsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat______.

nsarecontext-independent

ioncanplayopposingroles

nsaresociallyconstructive

nalstabilitycanbenefithealth

ndothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing______.

heoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

pcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

ngaboutemotionalsatisfaction

ultfromeithersympathyorguilt

d“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)isclostinmeaningto______.

ngs

oings

sions

ctions

英语（二）试题-5-（共14页）

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst

wehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthe

carbondioxideweproduce,mate

changewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon

thantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap–butitinvolvesstrikingasubtle

gforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemay

rniaisleadingtheway,as

itdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate’spropodForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung

mporarilylowerscarbon-carrying

remainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,so

theygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest’scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.

dscapeisrenderedless

theeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

y,since2010,drought

andinctshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016

alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by

2030–financedfromtheproceedsofthestate’’s

onlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresin

all,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe

forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthat

earchontransportationbiofuelsis

alreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionally

they’vefocudonwildlife,

recentlyhavetheycometoethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.

California’splan,whichixpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,should

rveasamodel.

英语（二）试题-6-（共14页）

ng“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimpliesthat______.

climatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

smaybecomeapotentialthreat

maymisunderstandglobalwarming

eweatherconditionsmayari

tainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,”wemayneedto______.

vethediversityofspeciesinthem

heirprentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

ratethegrowthofyoungtrees

abalanceamongdifferentplants

rnia’sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto______.

eitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

atemoredrought-resistanttrees

reeffectivewaystokillincts

thedensityofsomeofitsforests

esntialtoCalifornia’splanaccordingtoParagraph5?

inenoughfinancialsupport.

yitoutbeforetheyearof2020.

letheareasinriousdangerfirst.

ecttheemissions-permitauctions.

hor’sattitudetoCalifornia’splancanbestbedescribedas______.

tive

ous

nt

us

英语（二）试题-7-（共14页）

Text3

Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforveralyears.

Thecomplaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarm

workers.

Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisafor

nge

doesn’tchange,Americanbusiness,communities,

andconsumerswillbethelors.

rsuch

workernterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare

’sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremore

likelytobettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.

They’tartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkerswere

kingcropsishardonolderbodies.

Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit’sbeenall

along:swon’tbereturningtothefarm.

Mechanizationisn’ttheanswer,either–notyet,tionofcorn,

cotton,rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,

labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,iryfarms,where

robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey’reautomated.

Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkers

ngaround2012,requests

forthevisasrosharply;from2011to2016thenumberofvisasissuedmorethan

doubled.

TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagricultural

work,whichislimitedto66,,employerscomplaintheyaren’t

cessiscumbersome,expensive,and

veyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkerto

rtageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigration

raids,whichremovesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.

Ina2012survey,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandalmost80percentofraisin

sternfarmershave

1998to2000,14.5percentofthe

morethanadecadelater,theshareof

importswas25.8percent.

Ineffect,ortfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

英语（二）试题-8-（共14页）

oblemshouldbeaddresdaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

lture.

minationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.

lawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusiness.

ationrulesforfarmworkers.

lturalworkforceis______.

ngofimmigrantfarmworkers

ingnumberofillegalimmigrants

hmobilityofcropworkers

kofexperiencedlaborers

g?

ngthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

actyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.

sbacktofarming.

orerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.

lturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits______.

lofannualadmissions

antingprocedures

ndurationofstay

nedrequirements

fthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

tion?

ltureinDecline?

FoodorLabor?

aSavedbyMexico?

英语（二）试题-9-（共14页）

Text4

ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:

It’’repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanewvideo

forWorldEnvironmentDay–encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyour

single-uplasticstaplestocombattheplasticscrisis.

ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydo

inclu

overarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.

Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitednof

rown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystoreor

quittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequireverylittleofus.

Theycouldevenbeharmful,satisfyinganeedtohave“doneourbit”withoutever

progressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions–akindof“morallicensing”

thateasourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandaskingmoreofthoincharge.

Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowardit

remainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,we’reignoringthebalanceofpower

thatimpliesthatas“consumers”wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas“citizens”

holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.

It’simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn’teveryone’spriority–or

evenmostpeople’ldn’atestbook,WhyGood

PeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,rearguesthatthebest

waytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbersofpeopleisforthechange

tobestructural.

Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacostto

environmentallyproblematicaction,

hasjustannounceditwill“eliminateallsingle-uplasticinthecountryby2022.”

Therearealsoincentive-badwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceasier,

suchansuringrecyclingisatleastaasyastrashdisposal.

DeSombreisn’’sjust

thatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,orevenprimary,

approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.

’sjustaboutputtingthingsinto

’progressivepoliciesthatshape

collectiveaction,alongsideengagedcitizenspushingforchange.

lebritiesstarinanewvideoto______.

thecausoftheplasticscrisis

newlawsontheuofplastics

nsumerstocuttheuofplastics

英语（二）试题-10-（共14页）

publicopinionontheplasticscrisis

horisconcernedthat“morallicensing”may______.

ssourdesireforsuccess

dusintodoingworthlessthings

tusfrommakingfurtherefforts

ournofaccomplishment

tingoutouridentityas“citizens,”theauthorindicatesthat______.

ldpressourgovernmentstoleadthecombat

beenactivelyexercisingourcivilrights

ationshipwithlocalindustriesisimproving

usshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare

rearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe______.

-downprocess

-winarrangement

-drivenmechanism

-effectiveapproach

horconcludesthatindividualefforts______.

ooaggressive

ooinconsistent

fromrational

fromsufficient

英语（二）试题-11-（共14页）

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumnto

retwoextrachoicesinthe

uranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Howriouslyshouldparentstakekids’opinionswhenarchingforahome?

Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain’skidshaveasingledemand:a

backyard.

McClain’slittleonesaren’ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomesto

housing,andinmanycasyoungsters’viewsweighheavilyonparents’realestate

decisions,accordingtoa2018HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,.

Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedark

aboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsabout

thefinancial,personalandlong-termeffectskids’opinionsmayhave.

Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauitcanhelp

themfeelanofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,

saidRyanHooper,aclinicalpsychologistinChicago.

“Childrenmayfaceriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,

especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,”hesaid.

GregJaroszewski,arealestatebrokerwithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhe’s

notconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinlectingahome–buttheiropinions

shouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,if

possible.

Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey’rechoosingtheirhome–withoutactually

gettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,arealestateattorneybadinNew

York.

Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotential

homewillmakethemfeellikethey’rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,

Baileysaid.

Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren’taconsiderationforchildren,said

TraceyHampson,arealestateagentbadinSantaClarita,cingtoo

muchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurcha.

“Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswi,butI

wouldn’tbathepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions,”Hampsonsaid.

Theotherissueisthatmanychildren–especiallyolderones–maybatheirreal

estateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupin

Riverside,Calif.

“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,”hesaid.

英语（二）试题-12-（共14页）

“’snotshelter,it’sa

atmindtchangecomesomeriousmoneyconquences.”

Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothem

personally,Norrissaid.

Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychange

overtime,saidJulieGurner,.

“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,”Gurnersaid.“Harshasitmaybetosay,

thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild’sopinions,butrather

madeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest–

andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.”

Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswantto

embracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.

sthatsignificantmovesmaypochallenges

tochildren.

atitiswitoleavekidsinthedarkabout

realestatedecisions.

sthathomepurchasshouldnotbebad

onlyonchildren’sopinions.

thatchildrenshouldbegivenanof

involvementinhomebuyingdecisions.

hataspectslikechildren’sfriendsandsocial

activitiesshouldbeconsidereduponhomebuying.

esthathomebuyingdecisionsshouldbebad

onchildren’sneedsratherthantheiropinions.

sthatmanychildren’sviewsonrealestate

areinfluencedbythemedia.

英语（二）试题-13-（共14页）

SectionIIITranslation

ions:

ourtranslationontheANSWER

SHEET.(15points)

uchapleasant,

ytimeshave

Iheardpeoplesay,“aven’tthetime.”

erriot,contrarytopopularopinion,didnotfinditeasyinhis

earlydaysof,asheputit,“havingagoatthewritinggame”.Whileheobviouslyhad

anabundanceofnaturaltalent,thefinal,polishedworkthathegavetotheworldwas

theresultofyearsofpractising,emajorityofauthors,

hehadtosuffermanydisappointmentsandrejectionsalongtheway,butthemade

hingheachievedinlifewaarnedthe

hardwayandhissuccessintheliteraryfieldwasnoexception.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions:

SuppoProfessorSmithaskedyoutoplanadebateonthethemeofcitytraffic.

Writehimanemailto

1)suggestaspecifictopicwithyourreasons,and

2)tellhimaboutyourarrangements.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

“LiMing”instead.(10points)

英语（二）试题-14-（共14页）

PartB

ions:

writing,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

某高校2013年和2018年本科毕业生去向统计

68.1%

26.3%

1.3%

60.7%

34.0%

2.6%

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

就业升学创业

2013

2018

英语（二）试题-15-（共14页）

绝密★启用前

2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试

○英语（二）试题参考答案○

Ⅰ．英语知识运用

1.D2.A3.B4.B5.D

6.B7.A8.D9.C10.A

11.B12.D13.C14.A15.C

16.D17.C18.A19.B20.A

Ⅱ．阅读理解

A节

21.A22.D23.B24.D25.B

26.B27.B28.D29.C30.A

31.D32.A33.C34.B35.C

36.C37.C38.A39.A40.D

B节

41.A42.D43.C44.G45.F

Ⅲ．翻译

46.

英国作家詹姆斯·海里厄特容易被人低估。他的作品风格欢快易读，让人觉得谁都可以

模仿。有多少次我都听人说：“我也能写书。我只是没那时间。”说起来轻巧。做起来就没那

么简单了。和一般人的想法相反，按詹姆斯·海里厄特的话说，“玩写作这种游戏”之初，

他可没觉得容易。他显然天分极高，但他最终呈现给世人的精湛作品却是多年练习、重写和

阅读的结果。跟大多数作家一样，他一路走来也不得不遭受了许多失望和被拒之苦，但这些

更坚定了他要成功的决心。他一生的所有成就都是艰苦努力的结果，他在文学领域的成功也

不例外。

IV．写作

A节47.（略）

B节48.（略）