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医学英语词汇(前后缀,

词根)

-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-CompanyOne1

2

MedicalTerminology

/1135/Worksheets/medterms/

Differentprofessionshavedifferent"languages".Anexampleofthisisautomaintenance:

automobilemechanicsutermstodescribetheobjectsandsituationstheyencounterwhile

working,suchas"mastercylinder"and"oilfilter".Comparatively,medicalworkersuterms

todescribetheobjectsandsituationncounteredintheirfields,suchas"hepatitis"and

"intravenous".Thewords-orterms-whichmakeupthelanguageofmedicinearereferred

toastheterminologyofthemedicalfield,orMedicalTerminology.

Likeeveryotherlanguage,isformedical

terminology;however,orityofmedicaltermsarebadinLatinor

Greek.

Roots

WordRootDefinition

abdominabdomen

acanththorny,spiny

acetabulacetabulum(hipsocket)

acouhearing

acrextremities;height

actinray;radius

adenoidadenoids

adengland

adrenaladrenalgland

adrenadrenalgland

aerair;gas

albuminalbumin

algesipain

alveolalveolus

amblydull;dim

amniamnion

3

amnionamnion

amylstarch

andrmale

angivesl

anisunequal;dissimilar

ankylcrooked;stiff;bent

antrantrum

ananus

aortaorta

aponeuraponeurosis

appendicappendix

archefirst;beginning

arteriartery

arteriolarteriole(smallartery)

arthrjoint

articuljoint

atelimperfect;incomplete

atheryellowish;fattyplaque

atriatrium

aurear

autlf

axillarmpit

azoturea;nitrogen

bacteribacteria

balanglanspenis

bilife

bilbile

blastdevelopingcell

blephareyelid

brachiarm

bronchbronchus

bronchiolbronchiole

bucccheek

4

bursbursa(cavity)

calccalcium

cancercancer

carcincancer

cardiheart

carpcarpals(wristbones)

caudtail;towardthelowerpartofthebody

ceccecum

celiabdomen(abdominalcavity)

cephalhead

cerebellcerebellum

cerebrcerebrum,brain

cerumincerumen(earwax)

cerviccervix

cheillip

chirhand

cholangibileduct

cholgall;bile

choledochcommonbileduct

chondrcartilage

chorichorion

chromcolor

clavicclavicle(collarbone)

claviculclavicle(collarbone)

colcolon

colpvagina

conidust

conjunctivconjunctiva

corepupil

cornecornea

coronheart

corticcortex(outerlayerofbodyorgan)

corpupil

5

costrib

cranicranium(skull)

crycold

crypthidden

culdculdesac

cutaneskin

cyanblue

cyespregnancy

cystbladder;sac

cytcell

dacrytear,tearduct

dactylfingersortoes

denttooth

dermatskin

dermskin

dextrright

diaphorsweat

diaphragmatdiaphragm

dipltwo;double

dipsthirst

diskintervertebraldisk

diverticuldiverticulum

dorsback(ofthebody)

duodenduodenum

durhard;duramater

dynampowerorstrength

echsound

ectoplocatedawayfromusualplace

electrelectricity,electricalactivity

embryembryo;tobefull

emmetranormalmeasues

encephalbrain

endocrinendocrine

6

enterintestines

epididymepididymis

epiglottepiglottis

episivulva

epitheliepithelium

erythrred

esophagesophagus

esthesinsation,nsitivity,feeling

eticau(ofdia)

faciface

femorfemur(upperlegbone)

fetfetus;unbornchild

fibrfibroustissue,fibers

fibulfibula(lowerleg)

gangliganglion

ganglionganglion

gastrstomach

geroldage;aged

gerontoldage;aged

gingivgum

glomerulglomerulus

glosstongue

glucsweetness;sugar

glycsugar

glycossugar

gnathjaw

gnosknowledge

goned

gravidpregnancy

gynecwoman

gynwoman

hemblood

hematblood

7

hepatliver

hernihernia

heterother

hidrsweat

histtissue

homsame

homesameness;unchanging

humerhumerus(upperarmbone)

hydrwater

hymenhymen

hypnsleep

hysteruterus

iatrmedicine;physician

ichthyfish

ileileum

iliilium

immunimmune

iridiris

iriiris

ischiischium

ischdeficiency;blockage

iqual;same

jejunjejunum

kalpotassium

karynucleus

keratcornea

kerathornytissue;hard

kinmovement

kinesimovement;motion

kyphhump

labilips

labyrinthlabyrinth

lacrimtearduct,tear

8

lactmilk

laminlamina(thin;flatplateorlayer)

laparabdomen

larynglarynx

laterside

leismooth

leukwhite

lingutongue

lipfat

lithstone;calculus

loblobe

lordbentforward

lymphlymph

macrabnormallargeness

mammbreast

mandibulmandible(lowerjawbone)

mastbreast

mastoidmastoid

maxillmaxilla(upperjawbone)

meatmeatus(opening)

melanblack

meningmeninges

meniscmeniscus(crescent)

menmenstruation

mentmind

metruterus

monone

morphform;shape

mucmucus

mycfungus

myelbonemarrow;spinalcord

myelonbonemarrow

myosmuscle

9

myringeardrum

mymuscle

narcstupor

nasno

natbirth

necrdeath(cells;body)

nephrkidney

neurnerve

noctnight

nyctnight

nyctalnight

oculeye

oligscanty;few

omphalumbilicu;navel

onctumor

onychnail

ooegg;ovum

oophorovary

ophthalmeye

optvision

orchidtestis;testicle

orchitestis;testicle

orchtestis;testicle

organorgan

ormouth

orthstraight

ostebone

otear

ovegg

oxoxygen

pachythick

palatpalate

pancreatpancreas

10

papillnipple

parathyroidparathyroidgland

parbear;givebirthto;labor

patellpatella(kneecap)

pathdia

partbear;givebirthto;labor

pectorchest

pedchild;foot

pelvpelvis;pelvicbone

perineperineum

peritoneperitoneum

petrstone

phaclensoftheeye

phageat;swallow

phaklensoftheeye

phalangpharynx

phasspeech

phlebvein

photlight

phrenmind

physinature

plasmplasma

pleurpleura

pneumatlung;air

pneumlung;air

pneumonlung;air

podfoot

poligraymatter

poikilvaried;irregular

polyppolyp;smallgrowth

posterback(ofbody)

primfirst

proctrectum

11

prostatprostategland

pudfake;fal

psychmind

pubpubis

puerperchildbirth

pulmonlung

pupillpupil

pyelrenalpelvis

pylorpylorus(pyloricsphincter)

pypus

pyrfever;heat

quadrfour

rachivertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumn

radicnerveroot

radiculnerveroot

radiradius(lowerarmbone)

rectrectum

renkidney

retinretina

rhabdrodshaped,striated

rhinno

rhytidwrinkles

rhiznerveroot

salpingfallopian(uterine)tube

sarcflesh;connectivetissue

scapulscapula(shoulderbone)

sclersclera

scolicrooked,curved

bbum(oil)

ptptum

sialsaliva

sigmoidsigmoid

sinussinus

12

somatbody

somnsleep

sonsound

spermatspermatozoan;sperm

spermspermatozoan;sperm

sphygmpul

spirbreathe;breathing

splenspleen

spondylvertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumn

stapedstapes(middleearbone)

staphylgrapelikeclusters

sternsternum(breastbone)

stethchest

stomatmouth

strepttwistedchains

synovisynovia;synovialmembrane

systemsystem

tarstarsals(anklebones)

tardgeofeyelid;tarsal(instepoffoot)

tendintendon

tendtendon

tentendon

testtestis;testicle

thermheat

thoracthorax(chest)

thrombclot

thymthymusgland

thyroidthyroidgland

thyrthyroidgland

tibitibia(lowerlegbone)

tomcut;ction

tontension,pressure

tonsilltonsils

13

topplace

toxicpoison

trachelneck;necklike

trachetrachea

trichhair

tympaneardrum;middleear

ulnulna(lowerarmbone)

ungunail

ureterureter

urethrurethra

urinurine;urinarytract

ururine;urinarytract

uteruterus

uvuluvula

vaginvagina

valvvalve

valvulvalve

vasvesl;duct

venvein

ventriculventricle

vertebrvertebra;spinalorvertebralcolumn

vesicbladder;sac

vesiculminalvesicles

viscerinternalorgans

vulvvulva

xanthyellow

xerdry

Prefixes

PrefixDefinition

awithoutorabnceof

14

abfrom;awayfrom

adto;toward

anwithoutorabnceof

anaup;again;backward

antebefore

antiagainst

apoupon

bitwo

bintwo

bradyslow

catadown

contogether

contraagainst

defrom;downfrom;lackof

diathorough;complete

distoundo;freefrom

dysdifficult;labored;painful;abnormal

ectooutside;outer

endowithin

epion;upon;over

esoinward

eunormal;good

exoutside;outward

exooutside;outward

extraoutsideof;beyond

hemihalf

hyperabove;excessive

hypobelow;incomplete;deficient

inin;into;not

infraunder;below

interbetween

intrawithin

malbad

15

mesomiddle

metaafter;beyond;change

microsmall

multimany

neonew

nullinone

panall;total

parabeside;beyond;around

perthrough

perisurrounding(outer)

polymany;much

postafter

prebefore;infrontof

probefore

reback

retroback;behind

mihalf

subunder;below

superover;above

supraabove

symtogether;joined

syntogether;joined

tachyfast;rapid

tetrafour

transthrough;across;beyond

trithree

ultrabeyond;excess

unione

Suffixes

acpertainingto

16

alpertainingto

arpertainingto

arypertainingto

ealpertainingto

ialpertainingto

icpertainingto

ouspertainingto

agraexcessivepain

algiapain

apheresisremoval

aenzyme

astheniaweakness

atresiaabnceofanormalbodyopening;occlusion;closure

capniacarbondioxide

celehernia;protrusion

centesissurgicalpuncturetoaspiratefluid

cidalkilling

clasiabreak

clasisbreak

clastbreak

clysisirrigating;washing

coccus(pl.

cocci)

berryshaped(aformofbacterium)

crineparate;crete

crittoparate

cytecell

desissurgicalfixation;fusion

dromerun;running

ectasisstretchingout;dilatation;expansion

ectomyexcisionorsurgicalremoval

ectopiadisplacement

emesisvomiting

emiabloodcondition

17

eronewho

esiscondition

iasiscondition

gensubstanceoragentthatproducesorcaus

genesisorigin;cau

genicproducing;originating;causing

gramrecord;x-rayfilm

graphinstrumentudtorecord

graphyprocessofrecording;xrayfilming

iaconditionofdiadorabnormalstate

iatryphysician;treatment

icianonewho

ictalizure;attack

ismstateof

itisinflammation

lepsyizure

lysislooning;dissolution;parating

lyticdestroy;reduce

malaciasoftening

maniamadness;insanedesire

megalyenlargement

meterinstrumentudtomeasure

metrymeasurement

morphform;shape

odiasmell

odyniapain

oidrembling

ologistonewhostudiesandpractices(specialist)

ologystudyof

omatumor;swelling

opiavision(condition)

opsytoview

oorhagiarapidflowofblood

18

orrhaphysuturing;repairing

orrheaflow;excessivedischarge

orrhexisrupture

osis

abnormalcondition(meansincreadwhenudwithbloodcellword

roots)

ostomycreationofanartificialopening

otomycutintoorincision

oxiaoxygen

paresisslightparalysis

pathydia

peniaabnormalreductioninnumber

pepsiadigestion

pexysurgicalfixation;suspension

phagiaeating;swallowing

philialove

philylove

phobiaabnormalfearoforaversiontospecificobjectsorthings

phoniasoundorvoice

phoriafeeling

physisgrowth

plasiaformation;development;agrowth

plasmgrowth;substance;formation

plastyplasticorsurgicalrepair

plegiaparalysis

pneabreathing

poiesisformation

porosispassage

prandialmeal

praxiainfrontof;before

ptosisdropping;sagging;prolap

ptysisspitting

salpinxfallopiantube

sarcomamalignanttumor

19

schisissplit;fissure

sclerosishardening

scopeinstrumentudforvisualexamination

scopyvisualexamination

scopicvisualexamination

psisinfection

sisstateof

spasmsuddeninvoluntarymusclecontraction

stasiscontrol;stop

stalsiscontraction

stenosisconstriction;narrowing

thoraxchest

tociabirth;labor

tomeinstrumentudtocut

tripsysurgicalcrushing

trophynourishment

ulelittle

uriaurine;urination