around40

考研英语-40

(总分100,考试时间90分钟)

SectionⅠUofEnglish

Weallknowwhetherweareleft-handedorright-handed;hardlyanyofusknowwhetherweare

ordingtoProfessorKarlSmithoftheUniversityofWisconsinweareall

-facedpeoplearemore2thanleft-facedpeople,and

venwas

left-faced.4wereBrahms,Schubert,Wagner,Tchaikovskyandthe5ofother

well-knownlivingperformersofallkindsofmusic.

Theideaoffacedness6frommanyyearsofcomputerizedstudyofpeople'slip,tongue

ndhiscolleaguesfoundthatinmostpeople

reother9offacedness,some

ofwhichcanbe10instaticpictures;intight-facedpeopletheright-sideoftheface

is11compresdbetweenjawandbrow;therighteyebrowtendstobehigher;dimplesand

wrinklesareless12thanontheleft.

Fromastudyofmorethan500peopleSmithfoundthatthe13ofright-faced

people14aboutnineintenamongAmericanstotwointhreeamongAcapulcoMexicans.

Thefactthat15twinswerealwaysbothright-facedorleft-facedsuggests

a16originforfacedness.

Thotalentedmusicalartists-"singersandinstrumentalistswhoperformclassical,operatic,

countryandjazzmusicarealmostwithoutexceptionleft-faced."Smith'sfindings17with

theoriesthatthefighthemisphereofthebrain(whichcontrolstheleftsideoftheface)

is18formusicalperformance,aoffacedness,

hesays,"suggestsnew20tothestudyofallaspectsofcerebraldominanceandits

relationtohandednessandspeechdisabilities".

ly

ble

ison

ities

ular

d

l

from

table

nt

dge

s

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

Whatmakesagreathighschool?Americansthinkalotofthingsdo,fromoutstanding

academicsoras,

prhoolsare

expectedtopreparestudentsforfurthereducation,work,orthemilitaryandeliminatethelarge

gapsrensible

goals.

Whiletherearemanygreathighschoolsamongthenearly22,000acrossthecountry,too

outhalfofAfrican-AmericanandHispanic

ile,theNationalAsssmentofEducationProgress

tests,oftenreferredtoas"thenation'sreportcard,"showsignificantachievementgapsparating

whitestudentsfromblackandHispanichighschoolstudents.

Thearenotsmalldifferencesbutrathervastgapsthatcrushopportunityandtearatour

nation'sidetheintrinsicvalueofbeinganeducatedcitizen;thereare

2005,themeanannualearningswereabout＄20,000forahigh

schooldropoutbut＄54,000forsomeonewithabachelor'differencesare

growingwider,notlesning,1975,

ahighschooldropoutearnedabouthalfasmuchasacollegegraduate,comparedwithaboutone

thirdtoday.

tsomeclearcriteriaforacademicqualityinitsnewrankingof

riteriameanalotofschoolsdon'tmeasureup-only505schools

tillustratesatoncethepromiandthe

out1in8oftheschoolsonthislistrvesastudent

populationthatismorethan50percentlowincome,andonlyabout1in5hasamajorityof

ile,about1in5lectsstudentsbadonacademicmerit,something

thatobviouslybooststhechancesofmeetingthecriteria.

stusmoredatatojudgeschools,

cour,tance,itisdifficulttoaccountforhighschoolgraduationrates

sonebetterreflectswhatpolicymakersand

parentswantfromhighschools,aswellasthechallengeournationfacestomakeourhighschools

asgoodastheyneedtobe.

atelargesocialgaps.B.

estudents

forthefuture.

graph2,"thenation'sreportcard"yhighschoolsfailto

African-AmericanandHispanichigh

ementgapsaretheprimarycausofethnicparationin

anhighschoolshaven'twipedoffethnicgapsamongstudents.

lityofeducationbreaksthecontractAmericasigns

gapsarewidenedastheeconomyreliesmoreonknowledgeand

schooldropoutsudtoearnmoreinthe1970sthantoday.

tetostudents

studentsbadon

nlyminorityelitestudents.

st?.B.

ening.

Text2

JonathanSwiftmadeafamousModestProposalin1729thatthebabiesoftheIrishpoor

sh,ofcour,

rly300yearslaterIwouldliketomakeamodestproposalaboutbabiesthatis

almostasastonishing,yetnotatallironic.I'vecomereluctantlytothink,thatperhapssomebabies,

inthepublicinterestandtopreventthemgrowinguptoalifeofviolence,shouldbeforciblytaken

fromtheirmothersandadopted.

Freedom**passionaretwoofthethingsIbelieveinmostpassionatelyandthisproposalis

entirelyatoddswithboth,geoflittlechildrenbeingwrenchedfromthe

r,theparentsof

someofthecriminallyviolentyoungpeopleoftodayarenotworthyofthenameofmotheror

thobabies,giventheextremedisadvantagesoftheirupbringing,willgrowupto

torment,hurtandkill.

Alltoooftenwhenashockingmurderisreported,itemergesthatthekillershadabackground

ddemandtoknowwherethecriminal

on'toftendemand

enfromorderlyhomesdonottendtogoaboutthestreets

echildrenoftheuless-thereisnobetterwordforit,I'msorryto

say-whogosotragicallywrong.

Iamnottalkingaboutparentsorchildrenwhosufferfrommentalillness;theycan'tbeheld

responsible.I'mtalkingaboutparentswhoareprettymuchintheirfightminds,whennothighon

drinkanddrugs,andwhochootoneglecttheirchildren,andwho,neglectingorabusingtho

theyhavealready,ever-marriedparents,withnostandards,whohave

astringof**ingandgoing,whohavebabiesbydifferentlovers,whoarecarelessiftho

itinerants(partners)abutheirownchildren,whoarerunningwelfarescamsorlivingbycrime.

Whathopeistherefortheirchildren?

Nowthere'sachallengetopoliticians:stoptalkingaboutthecycleofdeprivationandbreakit

tproposal,anda

difficultone,buttheonlyrealisticone.

butcritical.B.

caland

ironical.

ervetobeamotherorfather.B.

dkill

themlveslater.

ingtotheauthor,erfect

chological

esponsiblefamilyeducation.

elessparentsneglectthefutureoftheir

ldrenof

ldrenofnever-marriedparentsare

hopelesscriminals.

thebesttitleforthepassage'?

iveForceforCrime-Parents'BackgroundD.A

ChallengetoPoliticians-DeprivationCycle

Text3

Theenergycrisis,whichisbeingfeltaroundtheworld,hasdramatizedhowthereckless

despoilingoftheearth'

overdevelopmentofmotortransport,withitsincreaofmorecars,morehighways,more

pollution,moresuburbs,**muting,hascontributedtothenear-destructionofourcities,the

disintegrationofthefamily,andthepollutionnotonlyoflocalair,butalsooftheearth's

astrophehasarrivedintheformoftheenergycrisis.

Ourprentsituationisunlikewar,revolution,sounlikethegreatnatural

ideresourcexploitationandenergyuhavebroughtustoa

needisnotacontinuationofourprent

perilousstate,whichendangersthefutureofourcountry,ourchildren,andourearth,buta

movementforwardtoanewnorminordertoworkrapidlyandeffectivelyonplanetaryproblems.

Thiscountryhasbeenreelingunderthecontinuingexposuresoflossofmoralintegrityandthe

rsastrong

demandformoralrevivalandfor**mitmentthatisvastenoughandyetpersonalenoughtoenlist

astithasbeenonlyinawarindefenoftheirowncountryandtheir

ownidealsthatanypeoplehavebeenabletoinvokea**mitment.

Thisisthefirsttimethatwehavebeenaskedtodefendourlvesandwhatweholddearin

cooperationwithalltheotherinhabitantsofthisplanet,whosharewithusthesameendangered

sacommonneedtoreasssourprentcour,to

changethatcour,a

pricelessopportunity.

Tograspit,weneedawidespreadunderstandingofthenatureofthecrisisconfrontingus-and

theworld-acrisisthatisnopassinginconvenience,noby-productoftheambitionoftheoil

ronmentalists'merefears,noby-productofanyprentsystemof

wlifestylecanflowdirectlyfromscienceandtechnology,

butitsacceptancedependsonan**mitmenttoahigherqualityoflifefortheworld'schildrenand

futuregeneration.

ingtotheauthor,.B.

velopment.

estheauthorthinkhascontributedtotheneardisasterofourcities?akupof

l

essivegrowthofmotortransportation.

fthefollowingindicatesourlossofmoralintegrityaccordingtothepassage?A.

mutual

egrationofthefamily.

aringthepastwiththeprent,theauthorwantstodrawpeople'

dequacyofgovernmentalcooperation.C.

iousnessofthemoralintegrity.

fthe**mitmentsdoestheauthorfeelpeopleneedtomake?ingmoreenergy

anew

ormingtheprentgovernmentsystem.

Text4

Thistimelastyearthreeoutoffour16to24-year-oldswerewearingthewhitebandofMake

erthecampaignmayormaynothaveachievedinAfrica,itbriefly

,butalsoarevelation,forthiswasthemomentwhenIsawhow

lsoexplainhowthesmall

'tthinkchangingthe

worldcanstartbysomethingassimpleasshuttingdown**puteratnight?

vertyHistorymadefew

ans,noforms,notevenmeetingsifyoudidn'

lidaritywhereveryougo-fashionablyof

cour-domore,ureofactivecitizenshipmaydependon

understandingwhyitignitedageneration.

Ifsocialengagementisafunnel(atubeorpipethatiswideatthetopandnarrowatthebottom)

turnedonitsside,aboutaquarterofamillionpeopleintheUKareatthenarrowend,rial

activists,responsiblefor80percentof**aritiesarehere,focusingtheir

effortson**anization,WeAreWhatWeDo,isatthemouthofthefunnel

targetedatpeoplewhodon'yledasabrand,inspiring

peopletomakethesmallchangesthatwillmakeabigdifferenceifenoughofusdothesame.

Ourfirstbook-ChangetheWorldforaFiver-featured50simpleactions,fromnotspittingout

the800whoare

newbook,Changethe

World9to5,wedecidedtofocusontheworkplace,wheremostofusspendmostofourwaking

srangefromtheentertaining(smile!);thesymbolic(turnoffyourphonecharger

whennotinu)andtherious(learntosavealife).

InworkingwithWeAreWhatWeDoIhavemovedfromtheviewthatthesumofindividual

actionscanhelptomakeadifferencetothebeliefthatultimatelyitistheonlythingthateverdoes.

Thesmallestacthasavalueofitsown.

horviewspeople'swearingthewhitebandofMakePovertyHistoryas"arevelation"

nspiredmillionsofBritish

evelopedintoalarge

phenomenon.

chmore

chbetter

ssactivethannowadays.

tement"atthemouthofthefunnel"(Line4,Para.3)anizationis

anizationistheinitiatorofthesocial

organization'sactionsgreatlyinfluencethesocialengagement.

fthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?tishareallreadyto

gnsnowadaysaremoreformalthanthointhe

hor'erhowsmall,

anindividual'schangesreallymatter.

fthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?teps,Giant

ig,h,Shoot

hangetheWorld?

PartB

edly,therelativelysmallsamplesizeofthispilotstudyandthenarrowrangeof

respondents"factthatwomenarelagging

behindinthelanguages-oftenconsideredacademia'sfemale-friendlyfields-suggeststhatthefight

togetmorewomenestablishedinmaledominatedmathandsciencemightbeevenmoreofan

ingtothenewstudy,whetherwomenweresingle,married,

divorced,withchildrenorwithout,theylaggedbehindtheirmalecounterpartsinevery

demographic.

ewomendoinginstead?Teaching,pendmoretime(7.5hoursa

week)ongradingorcommentingonstudentworkthanmen(6hours).Theyalsospend10.9hours

aweekoncourpreparation,he

"micro-differences"arenotsignificantweektoweek,thereportfinds,overtimetheymayaddup

toa"majorinequity."Unfortunately,prioritizingstudentcontactrarelyleadstogettingpromoted.

forthetheorythatmaternityleaveandchildrearingareresponsibleforslowing

women'eincreasingeffortstomintmorefemale

professorsinrecentyears,anewreportfromtheModernLanguageAssociationofAmericashows

thatwomentakelongerthanmentogetpromotedfromassociateprofessortofull

professor-regardlessofwhethertheyaremarriedorhavechildren.

ort,badonanearliersurveyof401Englishandforeign-languageprofessors,

findsthatwomentakebetween1and3.5yearslongerthanmentoattaintherankofprofessor,

dependingonthesizeandnatureoftheirschool,withthelargestgapatprivatecollegesand

universities."That'sastaggeringdifference,"saysleadauthorKathleenWoodward,anEnglish

,owearn

moredoctoratesthanmenandmakeupagreaterproportionofassociateprofessors,butthey're

risingthroughtheranksmoreslowlythantheyudto.

stingly,amongrespondentswithkids,womenreportedspendingmoretime(31.6

hours)caringfortheirchildrenthandidmen(17.4),butthatdidn'tmakethowomenrislower

dmomsmovedupin8.2years,comparedto9.4

formarriedwomenwithoutkids."Womenbecomehighlyfocudwhentheyhavesomany

differentthingstodo,"saysWoodward.

icrewards,thereportnotes,arestilllargelyconferredbymen,whohavehad

ilmorewomenget

promotedtofullprofessorships,that'eantime,thereportconcludes,

collegesanduniversitiescanstartclosingthegapbybeefingupmentoringprograms,establishing

clearguidelinesandpathsforpromotion,andmakingsurethatwomenareawareoftho

dwardbelievesthatincreasingawarenessiskey.

ildrearingisn'tresponsibleforslowingwomendown,whatis?Oneansweristhat

associateprofessorsdevoteless

timethantheirmalecounterpartsdotochurningoutbooksandarticles,esntialfuelfor

promotion:womenreportedspending7.7hoursaweekonrearchand**paredto9.7hoursfor

fferenceaddsuptomenspendingabouttwomorefullwork-weeksayearwritingthan

nmakeabigdifferenceatatimewhenschools'increadrelianceonassociate

professorsispushingthebarforpromotionhigher,requiringtenurehopefulstopublishmorethan

ever.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

PartC

auIthinkgood-qualitycontentoughttoexistonlyfor

thowhocanafforditbutbecau,formysons'generation,theknowledgethatthingsarefreely

availabletoanyonewithhalfabrainiscombinedwiththemostextraordinarynof

entitlement.1Ascombinationsgo,it'saslightlyalarmingone:freestuffplusacomplete

lackoffamiliaritywiththeconceptofhardworkbeingnecessaryinordertoachieveyour

histhefactthattheeconomicsituationmeanswearehandingonaterrible

financialburdentotheyoungergenerationandyoudon'thavetobeunusuallyimaginativetoe

thatourchildrenarelikelytofindthemlvesinariousmess.

2Thotruthsaremoreuncomfortablestillwhenyourelatethemwiththefactthatthe

generationthat'sgoingtobepickingupthepieceswillhavegrownupnotcaringmuchforother

people'notbelosinganysleepoversomebigfat**panyorsomealready

super-richbandbeingrobbedofastronomicalamountsbyyoungpeoplewhoknowtheirway

roundakeyboard.3Eventhoughyoumaynotfindthisuniversaltheftmorallyuptting,

thefactisthatwhatitteaches-thatownershipisneitherherenorthere-hasriousconquences

oncethisgenerationisforcedtodealwithitsparents'generation'conomicmess-ups.

Extendthequestionofownership'sirrelevanceandyoufinditresultsinpeoplewhoworkis

stolen,pasdaroundforfree.4Iquitelikeditwhenhavingmoneytogotothemovies

whenyouwere16happenedonlybecauyouhadaSaturdayjob;orwhenSaturdayiobmeant

youcouldgoandbuytherecordyou'edisthereforaSaturdayjob

whenthe**etoyourbedroomforfree;whentherecordisavailableincondsfornothing?Your

parentsfeedandclotheyou;thestateeducatesyou;andeverythingelisthereforthetaking.

5Atonelevelthisisthrillinginthatalltheinformationandknowledgeintheuniver

isthereforeveryone,free,her,

lesxaltedlevelitmeansit'sneverbeeneasiertositdoingnothing,waitingtogobbleupother

people'offreestuff,

youdowonder:who'sreallythemug?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

SectionⅢWriting

PartA

ions:

Twodaysago,youreceivedaletterofadmissionfromtheOverasStudentsAdmission

OfficeofUniversityofBritishColumbia.

WriteareplylettertotheDirectorto

1)Showyourappreciation,and

2)Inquireaboutthescholarship.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.

PartB

ions:

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayof160-200wordsinwhichyou

should

1)describethepicturebriefly,

2)interpretthesocialphenomenonreflectedbyit,and

3)giveyourpointofview.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.