nature

中华人民共和国教育部

东北林业大学

学期论文

课程名称：美国文学史及选读

论文题目：Nature(11-20)

指导教师：副教授

学院：学院

专业：

班级：

学生：

2016年12月

II

文本细读要求

论文规格：A4纸张，单面打印，左侧装订（两颗订书钉）

正文格式要求：全文用TimesNewRoman字体，标题小三号居中，作家名

四号，正文小四，首行缩进，两端对齐，1.5倍行距，字数在3000

字左右

正文内容要求：第一、文本细读；第二、背景知识注释；第三、

重点、难点词句注释；第四、经典段落译析。

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80-100分格式规范。背景知识注释详尽确凿，重点、难点词汇注释全面

正确，经典段落翻译和评析清楚、合理、深刻。

60-79分格式较规范。背景知识注释比较详尽确凿，重点、难点词汇注释

比较全面正确，经典段落翻译和评析比较清楚、合理、深刻。

1-59分格式不规范。背景知识注释不足或错误，重点、难点词汇注释不

足或错误，经典段落翻译和评析不足或毫无启发性。

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Nature1

RalphWaldoEmerson2

IV

isthesymbolofspirit.

ofnaturalhistoryistogiveusaidin

supernaturalhistory:theuoftheoutercreation,togiveuslanguageforthebeings

ordwhichisudtoexpressamoralor

intellectualfact,iftracedtoitsroot,isfoundtobeborrowedfromsomematerial

eansstraight;primarilymeanswind;

transgression,thecrossingofaline;supercilious,theraisingoftheeyebrow.4Wesay

thehearttoexpresmotion,theheadtodenotethought;andthoughtandemotionare

wordsborrowedfromnsiblethings,

oftheprocessbywhichthistransformationismade,ishiddenfromusintheremote

timewhenlanguagewasframed5;butthesametendencymaybedailyobrvedin

enandsavagesuonlynounsornamesofthings,whichtheyconvert

intoverbs,andapplytoanalogous6mentalacts.

1《论自然》充分体现了爱默生的超验主义思想。超验主义者认为人和自然是和谐统一的。大自然是人的

精神的化身，人作为个体的力量应该得到肯定，但人应该回归自然，这样才能修身养性，并且在独处之时，

人的才能才得以彰显。这篇文段字里行间体现了超验主义神秘的色彩。爱默生做过牧师，所以遣词造句颇

为讲究，文中充满了象征和比喻，并带有宗教的虔诚，十分有震撼力。

2爱默生被称为“美国文明之父”，是兴起于18世纪30年代新英格兰的超验主义的重要代表人物。爱默生

的文笔自然流畅，语言朴实优美。爱默生以他独创的创新精神和深邃的哲学思想影响了众多的美国作家，

如梭罗、惠特曼、迪金森等，极大的推动了19世纪美国文学的发展。超验主义者主张通过超灵(oversoul)

亲近和感受自然，因为自然是上帝的象征。超验主义还强调个人的特性和个人能力，认为通过个人努力有

望建立民主、自由、进步的社会。超验主义实际上体现了美国人引以为傲的自由和独立的精神。

3Inward内部的，内心的。外部世界的创造则是为了给予我们人类语言，从而表达内心世界创造的存在

和变化。

4Twisted扭曲的；transgression违规；supercilious高傲。正确意味着笔直；错误意味着弯曲。精神

最初的含义是风；违规意味着越线；高傲意味着眉毛上扬。作者运用排比，使文章朗朗上口，增强了文章

的表达效果。

5Frame框架。whenlanguagewasframed此处译为在语言形成初期。

6Analogous相似的。

soriginofallwordsthatconveyaspiritualimport,—soconspicuousa

factinthehistoryoflanguage,—twordsonlythat

areemblematic8;aturalfactisasymbolof

ppearanceinnaturecorrespond9stosomestateofthemind,

andthatstateofthemindcanonlybedescribedbyprentingthatnaturalappearance

gedmanisalion,acunningmanisafox,afirmmanisarock,a

sinnocence;asnakeissubtlespite;flowerxpressto

nddarknessareourfamiliarexpressionfor

knowledgeandignorance;edistancebehindandbeforeus,is

respectivelyourimageofmemoryandhope.10

Wholooksuponariverinameditativehour,andisnotremindedofthefluxof

allthings?11Throwastoneintothestream,andthecirclesthatpropagatethemlves

arethebeautifultypeofallinfluence.12Manisconsciousofauniversalsoulwithin

orbehindhisindividuallife,wherein,asinafirmament,thenaturesofJustice,Truth,

Love,Freedom,ariandshine.13Thisuniversalsoul,hecallsReason:itisnotmine,

orthine,orhis,butweareits;blueskyinwhich

theprivateearthisburied,theskywithitternalcalm,andfullofeverlastingorbs,is

ich,intellectuallyconsidered,wecallReason,considered

inrelationtonature,

maninallagesandcountries,embodiesitinhislanguage,astheFATHER.

Itiasilyenthatthereisnothingluckyorcapricious14intheanalogies,

butthattheyareconstant,renotthedreamsofafew

poets,hereandthere,butmanisananalogist,

placedinthecentreofbeings,andarayofrelationpassfromeveryotherbeingto

7Conspicuous明显的;显而易见的。这种在语言史上显而易见的事实远不是自然给予我们最大的恩惠。

8Emblematic象征的

9Correspond对应

10发怒的人是狮子；狡猾的人是狐狸；坚定的人是磐石；博学的人则是火炬。羔羊代表天真；蛇代表恶毒；

鲜花传达美好的情感；光明和黑暗是我们熟悉的用来表达博学和无知的词汇；热则用来表达爱情；我们背

后和前面的可视距离分别代表回忆和希望。

11Meditative沉思的。Flux流动。

12Propagate扩散。水面泛起的层层涟漪是事物间相互影响的完美体现。

13Firmament苍穹。人类意识到，不管生前还是身后，上帝存在于他的心中，就像公正、真理、爱、自

由升腾于苍穹之中，熠熠生辉。

14Capricious变化无常的。

15Pervade普遍的。

thercanmanbeunderstoodwithouttheobjects,northeobjects

factsinnaturalhistorytakenbythemlves,havenovalue,but

arebarren16,ryittohumanhistory,anditisfulloflife.

WholeFloras,allLinnaeus‟andBuffon‟svolumes,aredrycataloguesoffacts17;but

themosttrivial18ofthefacts,thehabitofaplant,theorgans,orwork,ornoiof

aninct,appliedtotheillustrationofafactinintellectualphilosophy,or,inanyway

associatedtohumannature,

edofaplant,—towhataffectinganalogiesinthenatureofman,isthatlittlefruit

madeuof,inalldiscour19,uptothevoiceofPaul,whocallsthehumancorpa

ed,—“Itissownanaturalbody;itisraidaspiritualbody20.”Themotionofthe

earthrounditsaxis,androundthesun,makestheday,recertain

herenointentofananalogybetweenman‟s

lifeandtheasons?Anddotheasonsgainnograndeurorpathosfromthatanalogy?

Theinstincts21oftheantareveryunimportant,consideredastheant‟s;butthe

momentarayofrelationisentoextendfromittoman,andthelittledrudge22is

entobeamonitor,alittlebodywithamightyheart,thenallitshabits,eventhat

saidtoberecentlyobrved,thatitneversleeps,becomesublime23.

Becauofthisradicalcorrespondencebetweenvisiblethingsandhuman

thoughts,savages,whohaveonlywhatisnecessary,

backinhistory,languagebecomesmorepicturesque,untilitsinfancy24,whenitisall

poetry;esymbolsare

oreoverbeenobrved,

thattheidiomsofalllanguagesapproacheachotherinpassagesofthegreatest

hisisthefirstlanguage,

immediatedependenceoflanguageuponnature,thisconversionofanoutward

16Barren无价值的。

17Floras植物区系，植物群；Linnaeus林奈（瑞典植物学家，建立了植物等级）；Buffon布丰（法

国生物学家，思想影响了之后的两代生物学家，包括达尔文和拉马克）。

18Trivial不起眼的。

19Discour论述，正式的讨论。

20Corp尸体。Itissownanaturalbody;itisraidaspiritualbody此处被译为它被自然物体播种，

然后被升华为精神。

21Instinct本能，天性。

22Drudge勤劳的人。

23Sublime高尚，崇高。

24Infancy初期。

25Eloquence口才，雄辩。

phenomenonintoatypeofsomewhatinhumanlife,neverlositspowertoaffect

iswhichgivesthatpiquancytotheconversationofastrong-natured

farmerorback-woodsman,whichallmenrelish27.

Aman‟spowertoconnecthisthoughtwithitspropersymbol,andsotoutter28it,

dependsonthesimplicityofhischaracter,thatis,uponhisloveoftruth,andhis

ruption29ofmanisfollowedbythe

mplicityofcharacterandthesovereigntyofideasis

brokenupbytheprevalenceofcondarydesires,thedesireofriches,ofpleasure,of

power,andofprai,—andduplicityandfalhoodtakeplaceofsimplicityandtruth,

thepowerovernatureasaninterpreterofthewill,isinadegreelost30;newimagery

ceastobecreated,andoldwordsarepervertedtostandforthingswhicharenot;a

papercurrencyimployed,ime,the

fraudismanifest31,andwordsloallpowertostimulatetheunderstandingorthe

dsofwritersmaybefoundineverylong-civilizednation,whofora

shorttimebelieve,andmakeothersbelieve,thattheyeanduttertruths,whodonot

ofthemlvesclotheonethoughtinitsnaturalgarment,butwhofeedunconsciously

onthelanguagecreatedbytheprimarywritersofthecountry,tho,namely,who

holdprimarilyonnature.

Butwimenpiercethisrottendiction32andfastenwordsagaintovisiblethings;

sothatpicturesquelanguageisatonceacommandingcertificatethathewhoemploys

it,entourdiscourrisabove

thegroundlineoffamiliarfacts,andisinflamedwithpassionorexaltedbythought34,

nversinginearnest,ifhewatchhisintellectual

process,willfindthatamaterialimage,moreorlessluminous,arisinhismind,

26语言从自然那里获得了灵感，并对它产生了直接的依赖，这种从外界自然现象到某种人类生活的转化对

我们的影响从未减弱过。

27Piquancy痛快；Relish欣赏。而正是这种影响力使得农夫和樵夫的谈吐间多了一份酣畅。

28Utter说，讲。

29Corruption堕落。

30Sovereignty独立自主；Duplicity表里不一；Falhood虚假。当淳朴的个性和独立的思想被其他普

遍流行的欲望取代（比如被财富、享乐、权力、奉承的欲望取代），当淳朴和真理被伪装和虚假取代，人

类就在某种程度上失去了用自然诠释意志的能力。

31Thefraudismanifest译为欺诈横行。

32Piercethisrottendiction译为抛弃那些陈词滥调。

33形象化的语言已严正证明，使用它的人会永远与真理和上帝共存。

34Inflamed激起；exalted升华，提升。

cotemporaneouswitheverythought,whichfurnishesthevestmentofthethought.

Hence,ageryis

eworkingoftheOriginalCauthroughtheinstrumentshe

hasalreadymade.

Thefactsmaysuggesttheadvantagewhichthecountry-lifeposssfora

powerfulmind,morefrom

htflowsintothemindevermore,and

t,theorator,bredinthewoods,whonshave

beennourishedbytheirfairandappeasingchanges,yearafteryear,withoutdesign

andwithoutheed37,—shallnotlotheirlessonaltogether,intheroarofcitiesorthe

reafter,amidstagitation39andterrorinnationalcouncils,

—inthehourofrevolution,—thesolemnimagesshallreappearintheirmorning

lustre,asfitsymbolsandwordsofthethoughtswhichthepassingeventsshallawaken.

Atthecallofanoblentiment,againthewoodswave,thepinesmurmur,theriver

rollsandshines,andthecattlelowuponthemountains,ashesawandheardthemin

htheforms,thespellsofpersuasion,thekeysofpowerare

putintohishands.

husassistedbynaturalobjectsintheexpressionofparticular

greatalanguagetoconveysuchpepper-corninformations41!Did

itneedsuchnobleracesofcreatures,thisprofusion42offorms,thishostoforbsin

heaven,tofurnishmanwiththedictionaryandgrammarofhismunicipalspeech?

Whilstweuthisgrandciphertoexpeditetheaffairsofourpotandkettle43,wefeel

thatwehavenotyetputittoitsu,iketravellersusingthe

35Spontaneous自发的;自然的;天然产生的;无意识的。

36Artificial人造的;人工的;虚假的。Curtailed截断，缩短。

37Orator演说家；appeasing安抚，抚慰(appea的现在分词);heed留心，注意。

38城市的喧嚣和政治的纷争。

39Amidst在„中;在„的包围中;agitation骚动，纷扰。

40受到高贵情感的召唤，树木再次随风摇摆，松涛声声，河水波光粼粼，牛羊成群结队，这一切就像他在

幼年时期听到看到的一样。

41Suchpepper-corninformations此处译为如此琐碎的信息。

42Profusion丰富。

43Cipher密码，符号；expedite加快进展;迅速完成;potandkettle锅和水壶。

weethatitalwaysstandsreadyto

clothewhatwewouldsay,wecannotavoidthequestion,whetherthecharactersare

untains,andwaves,andskies,nosignificance

butwhatweconsciouslygivethem,whenweemploythemamblemsofour

thoughts?fspeecharemetaphors,becauthewhole

sofmoralnatureanswertotho

ofmatterasfacetofaceinaglass45.“Thevisibleworldandtherelationofitsparts,is

thedialplate46oftheinvisible.”Theaxiomsofphysicstranslatethelawsofethics.

Thus,“thewholeisgreaterthanitspart;”“reactioniqualtoaction;”“thesmallest

weightmaybemadetoliftthegreatest,thedifferenceofweightbeingcompensated

bytime47;”andmanythelikepropositions,whichhaveanethicalaswellasphysical

ropositionshaveamuchmoreextensive48anduniversalnwhen

appliedtohumanlife,thanwhenconfinedtotechnicalu.

Inlikemanner,thememorablewordsofhistory,andtheproverbsofnations,

consistusuallyofanaturalfact,;

Arollingstonegathersnomoss;Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush;Acripple

intherightway,willbeataracerinthewrong;Makehaywhilethesunshines;„Tis

hardtocarryafullcupeven;Vinegaristhesonofwine;Thelastouncebrokethe

camel‟sback;Long-livedtreesmakerootsfirst49;—rprimary

nthearetrivialfacts,butwerepeatthemforthevalueoftheiranalogicalimport.

Whatistrueofproverbs,istrueofallfables,parables,andallegories.

Thisrelationbetweenthemindandmatterisnotfanciedbysomepoet,but

standsinthewillofGod,arstomen,or

fortunatehoursweponderthismiracle,thewiman

doubts,if,atallothertimes,heisnotblindanddeaf;

“Canthethingsbe,

44Cinders煤渣(cinder的名词复数)。

45精神世界的法则对应物质世界的法则，就像镜子内外的两个形象。

46Thedialplate刻度盘。

47如果重量差可以由时间弥补，最轻的物体可以撬动最重的物体。

48Extensive广泛的。

49“滚石不生苔”，“一石二鸟”，“走对路的瘸子赢过走错路的运动员”，“趁热打铁”，“杯满则溢”，

“青出于蓝”，“压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草”，“早生根的树更长久”。

Andovercomeuslikeasummer‟scloud,

Withoutourspecialwonder?”

Fortheuniverbecomestransparent,andthelightofhigherlawsthanitsown,

estandingproblemwhichhaxercidthewonderandthe

studyofeveryfinegeniussincetheworldbegan;fromtheeraoftheEgyptiansand

theBrahmins,tothatofPythagoras,ofPlato,ofBacon,ofLeibnitz50,of

itstheSphinx52attheroad-side,andfromagetoage,aach

prophetcomesby,eemstobea

necessityinspirittomanifestitlfinmaterialforms;anddayandnight,riverand

storm,beastandbird,acidandalkali53,preexistinnecessaryIdeasinthemindofGod,

andarewhattheyarebyvirtueofprecedingaffections,s

iblecreationistheterminusorthecircumference

oftheinvisibleworld.“Materialobjects,”saidaFrenchphilosopher,“arenecessarily

kindsofscoriae54ofthesubstantialthoughtsoftheCreator,whichmustalways

prerveanexactrelationtotheirfirstorigin;inotherwords,visiblenaturemusthave

aspiritualandmoralside.”

Thisdoctrineisabstru,andthoughtheimagesof“garment,”“scoriae,”

“mirror,”&c.,maystimulate55thefancy,wemustsummontheaidofsubtler56and

morevitalexpositorstomakeitplain.“Everyscriptureistobeinterpretedbythe

samespiritwhichgaveitforth,”—n

harmonywithnature,theloveoftruthandofvirtue,willpurge57theeyesto

eeswemaycometoknowtheprimitivenofthe

permanentobjectsofnature,sothattheworldshallbetousanopenbook,andevery

50莱布尼兹（1946~1976年），德国哲学家、数学家。涉及的领域遍及法学、力学、光学、语言学等40多

个范畴，被誉为十七世纪的亚里士多德。

51斯威登堡（1688~1772年），瑞典科学和哲学家。以其数学、力学、天文学、矿业著作而文明。

52斯芬克斯，最初起源于古埃及的神话，它被描述为长有翅膀的怪，通常为雄性，是“仁慈”和“高贵”

的象征。希腊神话里，斯芬克斯却变成了一个雌性的邪恶之物，代表着神的惩罚。传说天后赫拉派斯芬克

司坐在忒拜城附近的悬崖道路上，向过路的行人问一个谜语。谜语的内容为：是什么动物，早上四条腿走

路，中午两条腿走路而晚上三条路走路？谜语的答案是“人”。早上，中午，晚上分别比喻人的幼年，中

年和老年。传说这个谜题，后来被年轻的希腊人俄狄浦斯答对，斯芬克斯因而跳崖自杀。

53Acidandalkali酸和碱。

54Scoriae火山的岩烬。

55Stimulate激发。

56Subtler微妙的，巧妙的。

57Purge净化。

formsignificantofitshiddenlifeandfinalcau.

Anewinterestsurprisus,whilst,undertheviewnowsuggested,we

contemplatethefearfulextentandmultitudeofobjects58;since“everyobjectrightly

en,unlocksanewfaculty59ofthesoul.”Thatwhichwasunconscioustruth,

becomes,wheninterpretedanddefinedinanobject,apartofthedomainof

knowledge,—anewweaponinthemagazineofpower.

V

Inviewofthesignificanceofnature,eofthe

worldincludestheprecedingus,aspartsofitlf.

Space,time,society,labor,climate,food,locomotion60,theanimals,the

mechanicalforces,giveussincerestlessons,daybyday,whomeaningisunlimited.

ropertyofmatterisa

schoolfortheunderstanding,—itssolidityorresistance,itsinertia,itxtension,its

figure,erstandingadds,divides,combines,measures,and

me,Reason

transfersallthelessonsintoitsownworldofthought,byperceivingtheanalogy

thatmarriesMatterandMind.

ling

withnsibleobjectsisaconstantexerciinthenecessarylessonsofdifference,of

likeness,oforder,ofbeingandeming,ofprogressivearrangement;ofascent63

fromparticulartogeneral;ofcombinationtooneendofmanifold64forces.

Proportioned65totheimportanceoftheorgantobeformed,istheextremecarewith

58我们思考博大精深的万物。

59Faculty能力，才能。

60Locomotion运动。

61它的硬度、阻力、惯性、延展性、形状、可分割性。

62Nutriment营养品;滋养;养料。

63Ascent上升。

64Manifold多种多样的;多方面的;有多种形式的;有多种用途的。

65Proportioned成比例的，相称的。

whichitstuitionisprovided,—

tedious67training,dayafterday,yearafteryear,neverending,toformthecommon

n;whatcontinualreproductionofannoyances,inconveniences,dilemmas;what

rejoicing68overusoflittlemen;whatdisputingofprices,whatreckoningsofinterest,

—andalltoformtheHandofthemind;—toinstructusthat“goodthoughtsareno

betterthangooddreams,unlesstheybeexecuted!”

ThesamegoodofficeisperformedbyPropertyanditsfilial69systemsofdebt

,grinding70debt,whoironfacethewidow,theorphan,andthesons

ofgeniusfearandhate;—debt,whichconsumessomuchtime,whichsocripplesand

disheartensagreatspiritwithcaresthatemsoba,isapreceptorwholessons

cannotbeforgone,er,

property,whichhasbeenwellcomparedtosnow,—“ifitfalllevelto-day,itwillbe

blownintodriftsto-morrow,”—isthesurfaceactionofinternalmachinery,likethe

nowitisthegymnasticsoftheunderstanding,it

ishivingintheforesightofthespirit,experienceinprofounder72laws.

Thewholecharacterandfortuneoftheindividualareaffectedbytheleast

inequalitiesinthecultureoftheunderstanding;forexample,intheperceptionof

oreisSpace,andthereforeTime,thatmanmayknowthatthings

arenothuddledandlumped,ndaplough74

haveeachtheiru,sgoodtodrink,

coaltoburn,wooltowear;butwoolcannotbedrunk,norwaterspun75,norcoaleaten.

Thewimanshowshiswisdominparation,ingradation,andhisscaleofcreatures

lishhavenorangeintheirscale,but

notgoodtheycalltheworst,and

66Pretermitted忽略。

67Tedious单调沉闷的;冗长乏味的。

68Rejoicing（使）欣喜[高兴，快乐](rejoice的现在分词)。

69Filial相关的。

70Grinding无情的。

71Index指针。

72Profounder更深度的(profound的比较级)。

73Huddled挤在一起（huddle的过去式与过去分词形式）;lumped结成块(lump的过去式和过去分词);

sundered隔开，分开(sunder的过去式和过去分词)。

74Plough犁。

75Spun纺（线）。

whatisnothateful,theycallthebest.

Inlikemanner,whatgoodheed,natureformsinus!Shepardonsnomistakes.

Heryeaisyea,andhernay,nay.

ThefirststepsinAgriculture,Astronomy,Zoology,(thofirststepswhichthe

farmer,thehunter,andthesailortake,)teachthatnature‟sdicearealwaysloaded;that

inherheapsandrubbishareconcealedsureandufulresults76.

Howcalmlyandgeniallythemindapprehendsoneafteranotherthelawsof

physics!Whatnobleemotionsdilatethemortalasheentersintothecounlsofthe

creation,andfeelsbyknowledgetheprivilegetoBE77!

reaterthathecanethis,andthe

univerless,becauTimeandSpacerelationsvanishaslawsareknown.

HereagainweareimpresdandevendauntedbytheimmenUnivertobe

explored78.“Whatweknow,isapointtowhatwedonotknow.”Openanyrecent

journalofscience,andweightheproblemssuggestedconcerningLight,Heat,

Electricity,Magnetism,Physiology,Geology,andjudgewhethertheinterestofnatural

scienceislikelytobesoonexhausted.

Passingbymanyparticularsofthedisciplineofnature,wemustnotomit79to

specifytwo.

e

child‟ssuccessiveposssionofhisveralnsuptothehourwhenhesaith,“Thy

willbedone!”heislearningthecret,thathecanreduceunderhiswill,notonly

particularevents,butgreatclass,naythewholeriesofevents,andsoconformall

ivesthe

rsallits

76自然永远都在掷骰子，自然的宝库里永远都有可靠、的结果。

77Dilate激荡，扩张。他走进造物的世界，感知人类生存的特权，心中激荡着多么高贵的情感啊！

78对于尚未被探知的浩瀚宇宙，人类再一次感到震撼，甚至是畏惧。

79Omit:forgetorignore.

80它受人类的主宰，就像耶稣的毛驴一样温顺。

esthesubtileanddelicateairintowiand

melodiouswords,

afteranother,hisvictoriousthoughtcomesupwithandreducesallthings,untilthe

worldbecomes,atlast,onlyarealizedwill,—thedoubleoftheman.

leobjectsconformtothepremonitions83ofReasonandreflectthe

ngsaremoral;andintheirboundlesschangeshaveanunceasing

oreisnaturegloriouswithform,color,andmotion,

thateveryglobeintheremotestheaven;everychemicalchangefromtherudest

crystal84uptothelawsoflife;everychangeofvegetationfromthefirstprincipleof

growthintheeyeofaleaf,tothetropicalforestandantediluvian85coal-mine;every

animalfunctionfromthesponge86uptoHercules87,shallhintorthundertomanthe

lawsofrightandwrong,oreisnatureever

theallyofReligion:t

andpriest88,David,Isaiah,Jesus,hical

charactersopenetratestheboneandmarrowofnature89,astoemtheendforwhich

erprivatepurpoisansweredbyanymemberorpart,thisisits

publicanduniversalfunction,ginnatureixhaustedin

hinghasrvedanendtotheuttermost90,itiswhollynewforan

,euof

commodity,regardedbyitlf,stothemindaneducation

inthedoctrineofU,namely,thatathingisgoodonlysofarasitrves;thata

conspiring92ofpartsandeffortstotheproductionofanend,isntialtoanybeing.

Thefirstandgrossmanifestationofthistruth,isourinevitableandhatedtrainingin

81Mould形成，制作。

82他将微弱柔和的空气变成智慧优美的言辞，再赋予其翅膀，使其变成劝导和命令的天使。

83Premonitions预感，预兆(premonition的名词复数)。

84Crystal水晶。

85Antediluvian上古时期的。

86Sponge海绵。

87Hercules赫拉克勒斯，希腊神话中最著名的英雄之一。主神宙斯（Zeus）与阿尔克墨涅（Alcmene）

之子。

88Prophetandpriest预言家和布道者。

89自然的这种伦理特点深入到它的骨髓。

90Uttermost极端，最大限度。

91Ulterior在那边的;较远的;日后的;进一步的。

92Conspiring共同协作。

valuesandwants,incornandmeat.

Ithasalreadybeenillustrated,thateverynaturalprocessisaversionofamoral

allawliesatthecentreofnatureandradiatestothecircumference.

Itisthepithandmarrow93ofeverysubstance,everyrelation,

thingswithwhichwedeal,afarmbutamutegospel94?The

chaffandthewheat,weedsandplants,blight,rain,incts,sun,—itisasacred

emblemfromthefirstfurrowofspringtothelaststackwhichthesnowofwinter

sailor,theshepherd,theminer,themerchant,intheir

veralresorts,haveeachanexperienceprecilyparallel,andleadingtothesame

conclusion:itbedoubtedthat

thismoralntimentwhichthusscentstheair,growsinthegrain,andimpregnatesthe

watersoftheworld,alinfluenceof

natu

canestimatethis?Whocanguesshowmuchfirmnessthea-beatenrockhastaught

thefisherman?howmuchtranquillityhasbeenreflectedtomanfromtheazuresky,

overwhounspotteddeepsthewindsforevermoredriveflocksofstormyclouds,and

leavenowrinkleorstain?howmuchindustryandprovidenceandaffectionwehave

caughtfromthepantomimeofbrutes96?Whataarchingpreacheroflf-command

isthevaryingphenomenonofHealth!

HereinispeciallyapprehendedtheunityofNature,—theunityinvariety,—

endlessvarietyofthingsmakeanidentical

anes97complainedinhisoldage,that,lookwherehewould,all

earyofeingthesameentityinthetedious

,adrop,acrystal,a

momentoftimeisrelatedtothewhole,andpartakesoftheperfectionofthewhole.

93Pithandmarrow核心和精髓。

94Gospel真理。

95从春天的第一道垄沟到冬雪覆盖的最后一堆草垛，这一切都是神圣的象征。

96谁知道饱受海浪拍打的岩石教导渔夫让他再坚强些？风儿吹拂，白云飘过纯净湛蓝的天空，不留一丝痕

迹，人类能从中感受到多少宁静？我们从野兽出演的默剧中学到了多少勤奋、神圣和爱啊！

97Xenophanes色诺芬（约公元前430~354年），古希腊历史学家、作家。雅典人。苏格拉底的弟子。

98普罗透斯的神话蕴含中庸的真理。普罗透斯是希腊神话中的一个早期海神，荷马所称的“海洋老人”

之一。

Eachparticleisamicrocosm,andfaithfullyrenders99thelikenessoftheworld.

Notonlyremblances100existinthingswhoanalogyisobvious,aswhenwe

detectthetypeofthehumanhandintheflipperofthefossilsaurus101,butalsoin

chitectureiscalled

“frozenmusic,”ius103thoughtanarchitectshould

beamusician.“AGothicchurch,”saidColeridge,“isapetrifiedreligion.104”Michael

Angelomaintained,that,toanarchitect,

Haydn‟soratorios,thenotesprenttotheimaginationnotonlymotions,as,ofthe

snake,thestag,andtheelephant,butcolorsalso;of

niteisdifferencedinits

lawsonlybythemoreorlessofheat,er,asit

flows,remblestheairthatflowsoverit;theairremblesthelightwhichtravers

itwithmoresubtilecurrents;thelightremblestheheatwhichrideswithitthrough

eatureisonlyamodificationoftheother;thelikenessinthemismore

thanthedifference,foneart,ora

lawofoneorganization,mateisthisUnity,that,it

iasilyen,itliesundertheundermostgarmentofnature,andbetraysitssourcein

,niversaltruthwhichwe

expressinwords,rumveroconsonat.

Itislikeagreatcircleonasphere,comprisingallpossiblecircles;which,however,

maybedrawn,andcompriit,uchtruthistheabsoluteEns

asinnumerablesides.

refiniteorgansof

eak,

chop,onistheperfectionandpublicationofthought.A

99Renders使(render的第三人称单数);表达。

100Remblances相似，形似(remblance的名词复数)。

101例如我们在化石中发现类似人类手掌的动物脚爪。

102Stael斯塔尔，法国浪漫主义女作家，文学批评家。写小说、悲剧、散文。她的文学理论思想，有力地

推动了浪漫主义。

103Vitruvius维特鲁威，公元前1世纪的古罗马御用工程师、建筑师。

104柯尔律治说：“哥特式教堂是石化了的宗教。”柯尔律治（1772~1834年），英国诗人和评论家。

105Anatomy解剖学。

106Dimensions特点，尺寸(dimension的名词复数)。

107Chop砍，伐，劈;impoverish使贫穷;使贫瘠或恶化。

rightactionemstofilltheeye,andtoberelatedtoallnature.“Thewiman,in

doingonething,doesall;or,intheonethinghedoesrightly,heesthelikenessof

allwhichisdonerightly.”

troduceustothe

humanform,is

108Degradations退化，堕落(degradation的名词复数)。