四级阅读

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大学英语四级阅读理解训练（一）

Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainctio

oupingsas“HelpWanted”,“RealEstate”,“LostandFound”are

made,fieda

dvertimentsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertis

er.

Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertimentfindsall

ertirsmay,onthis

account,uaverysmalladvertimentifitwereplacedamonglargerad

identthatthereaderapproachestheclas

sifiedadvertimentinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapp

stoapageofclassi

fiedadvertimentstoarchfortheparticular

ttentionisvoluntary,thea

dvertirdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthe

reader’lyallclassifiedadvertimentswereofthesam

eincreainthenumberofsu

chadvertiments,however,eachadvertirwithinacertaingroupispetin

gwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader’ca

s,theresulthasbeenanincreainthesizeofthespaceudandthead

way,theclassifiedadvertimenth

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particularlytrueofrealestateadvertisin

g?

hefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertimentfor

advertirsEXCEPTthat____.

A)classifiedadvertimentchargeslessmoney

B)itiasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumersC)itprovides

moreinformationforthereadersD)itdoesnothavetorelytoomuchon

displaytype

heexamplesgivenoftypesofclassifiedadvertimentis____

A)housforsale

B)peoplewhoareaskingforhelpC)peoplewhoarelostD)jobvacancies

rtofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadverti

ment,accordingtothewriter?

A)Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything.B)Theyarelookingfor

somethingtheyneed.

C)Theyfeellostbecautherearesomanyadvertiments.D)Theyfeelt

hesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertiments.

4．Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertim

entschangednowadays?

A)Theydependmoreondisplaytype.B)Moremoneyischargedforthem

.C)Theyaredividedintomoregroups.D)Theyarelessformal.

5．Whyhaveclassifiedadvertimentschangedinappearance?A)Becau

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peoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.B)Becaurealestatead

vertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.

C)Becautheincreainthenumberofsuchadvertimentsmeansthey

havetobesmallnow.

D)Becautherearemoreadvertimentsnowandmorepetitionamong

advertirs.

答案与解析：1.C

分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文

中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式，以

及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力，因此A，B，D都正

确。文中唯独没有提到C。2.A

房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。本题考察对“RealEstate”

的理解，它的意思是“房地产”，故选项A正确。3.B

当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要的信息。事实辨析题。从

文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一

样的，他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别，查找所需信息。故选项B正

确。

4.A

根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最后指出，

由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的

注意力。故选项A正确。5.D

因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧，所以分类广

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告不断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于

“Withtheincreainthenumberofsuchadvertiments,however,each

advertirwithinacertaingroupispetingwithothersinthesamegroupf

orthereader’sattention”，故选项D正确。

大学英语四级阅读理解训练（二）

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpr

aitooldcash,orists,whostudyt

herelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperforma

herrearcherswhostudyvariousaspect

sofmentallife,maintainthorewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencoura

terviewhasg

ainedmanysupporters,carefuluof

smallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthat

properlyprentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoas

tudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Iftheyknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelatively

challengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEnberger

oftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit'asytokillcreativityb

ygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationf

orrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthi

ghgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,E

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ampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingefforts

atmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrade

s.

Inearliergrades,theuofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudents

handlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-badpointstowar

dvaluedrewards,showspromiinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelaw

logistsaredividedwithregardtotheira

ttitudestoward____.A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementand

monetaryrewards

B)theappropriateamountofexternalrewardsC)thestudyofrelationship

betweenactionsand

D)theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents'performance

theviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsf

orstudents?A)Theyapproveofexternalrewards.B)Theydon'tthinkexte

rnalrewards.C)Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards.

D)Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcolle

ingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepass

age,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?A)G

iverewardsforperformanceswhichdervethem.B)Alwayspromirew

ards.

C)Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging.

D)Bemorelenienttostudentswhenmistakesaremade.

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einferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingto

tightentheirgradingstandardsbecautheybelieve____.

A)rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents’B)pu

nishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

C)failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandar

dsD)discouragingthestudentsanticipationforeasyrewardsismatterof

urgency5．Whichofthefollowingfactsabout“tokeneconomics”isn

otcorrect?A)Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks.B)Rewardsaregi

venforgoodperformances.

C)Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask.D)

Withtokeneconomics,students’creativitycanbeenhanced.答案与解

析：1.D

心理学家认为外界的奖励对学生会有不同的影响。事实辨析题。根据

文章第一句话

“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwar

mpraitooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity”可知，心理学家的

分歧在于来自外界的奖励对学生的积极性和创造性究竟有什么影响，

故选项D正确.

2.C

许多教育家对外界的奖励持怀疑态度。

文章第二段第一句话提到，后一种观点得到了许多教育工作者的支

持，从第一段中可知，后一种观点是：奖励会促使学生对别人的赞许

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和馈赠产生依赖心理，因此奖励会破坏创造精神。由此可知，他们对

奖励的正面作用持怀疑态度。故选项C正确。3.A

根据文中的研究结果表明，教育家通过给予学生应得的奖励来提高他

们的积极性和创造性。文章第三段指出，给予学生恰当的奖励，可使

他们发挥更大的创造性，但如果对糟糕的表现也给予奖励，或让学生

对奖励有太多的期许，反而会扼杀创造性。故选项A正确。4.B

从文中可以得知，一些重点大学试图加强等级标准，因为他们相信惩

罚比奖励更有效。事实辨析题。从文中第四段可知，许多大学之所以

严格考试的评分标准，是因为

“Ateacher...whohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementends

upwithuninspiredstudents”。选项B与此意相同。5.C

根据学生的表现对他们作出评价。事实辨析题。根据最后一段的意思，

在这种奖励制度下，要根据学生的表现对他们做出评价，而不仅仅是

他们花费了多少精力来完成任务，故选项C正确。

大学英语四级阅读理解训练（三）

yoccurasanattempttoover-identifywiththenewcultur

einordertobeacceptedbythepeopleinit.

ression"heorsheislikefishoutofwater"suggests______.

awayfromtheirculturescanhardlysurviveinanewcultureb.a

fishcannotsurvivewithoutwater

a

rto

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identifywiththenewenvironment,somepeoplemay______.e

izethepositiveaspectsof

atemporary

tofvalues

fthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheauthor?a.

Perplexityresultsincultureshock.

eshockisth

eshockhappenstoforeignstudentson

ayworryabout______.gnoranceofthealiencu

stoms

nowledgeof"Yes"nderstanding

ontroloftheirbehavior

eforeignvisitorisimmerdinnewproblemshefindshardto

copewhith,heismostlikelytofeel______.ed

d

答案：cdadbc

大学英语四级阅读理解训练（八）

Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixture

ofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinm

plereasonforthisisthattherearemoredifferentways

remoreide

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-.可修编.

as,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationswi

tion,thereis

usuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.

Allthefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasofl

ietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,t

herearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoetheneedortheopportunityfor

houghcondition

smaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.

Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyand

morereadilyinthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-materia

l,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inwhathasbeenlearne

dlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;inthelessbasicandless

emotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites;inthesimpleelement

sratherthanintheplexones;informratherthaninsubstance;andinele

mentsthatareacceptabletothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.

Furthermore,mple,itesm

orereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewith

onereasonwhychangehasnotemorequickly

toBlackAmericansasparedtootherAmericanminorities,becauofthe

sharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts

.sageismainlydiscussing__________.essityof

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socialchange

nfactorsthatdeterminetheeawithwhichsocialchangesoccur

ferentsocieties

nfactorsthatpromotesocialchange

2.______

ancedtechnology

ingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

changetendstomeetwithmoredifficultyinbasicandemotional

eementwithandargumentaboutconditions

changeismorelikelytooccu

rinthematerialaspectofsociety.

changeislesslikelytooccurinwhatpeoplelearnedwhenthey

ression"greatertolerance"(paragraph1)refersto

_____.a."greaterwillingnesstoacceptsocialchange"b."quickeradap

tationtochangingcircumstances"c."morerespectfordifferentbeliefsan

dbehavior"

d."geeaterreadinesstoagreetodifferentopinionsandideas"

changeislesslikelytooccurinasocietywherepeoplearequite

similarinmanywaysbecau________.

therehavegotsoaccustomedtotheirconditionsthattheyldo

mthinkitnecessarytochange

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therehaveidenticalneedsthatcanbesatisfiedwithoutmuchdif

therearelessdispute

d答案：bbbca

大学英语四级阅读理解训练（九）

Asareliabletravelagency,wereallydotrytodescribeourcentersandac

SuperCentersandMainCente

rshavebeenextensivelyinvestigatedduringthewinterason1975-1976

.Asaresultwehavefirst-handinformationonthewayinwhichhotels,lif

enetworksandskischools,notb

eenabletoinvestigate,atfirsthand,allourIndependentCentersduringth

ldyouneedanymoreinformationaboutthecenterswewilltrytogetitf

ricancentershavebeeninvestigatedonourbehalfbyUnit

eratorswhoareassi

stingUnitedandourlvestoofferyouthisnovelprogramtotheUnitedS

tates.

Wherepossiblewehaveeliminatedtheuofsuperlativesfromthetext(p

ossiblymakingourbrochure(小册

子)lessattractivetoreadthanitmightbe)andhaveconcentratedonasa

helessyoushouldbearinmindth

atyouropinionandtheopinionofourinvestigatormightdifferandthere

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-.可修编.

maybechangesbetweenthetimeofavisitbyourinvestigatorandthevisi

tofoneofourcustomers.

Wetrustthatitividenttoyouthatwehavedoneallinourpowertoeli

minatemisdescriptionandthattherereallyisnoquestionofmisreprent

a-tiononourpart—yourconstructiv

ecriticism—itisthebestwayweknowofimprovingourbrochuresando

ghplaintsareveryexpensivetohandle,yourplaintorcri

ticismwillbethoroughlyinvestigatedandarefund(退

赔)madeifitisjustified—

nonewillbemadeifitisn"mclaimsthatallitswintersportsc

tstoincreahotelacmodation

ovedinformationrvice

"IndependentCenters"werepersonallyinspected_______.

earsago

gr

amoftourstotheUnitedStatesappearstobe_______.llabor

erations

zedbyUnitedAirlines

rochurewouldbemoreattractivetoread,theysay,if_______.

inateddescri

m"sclaimisthattheirprogra

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-.可修编.

misimprovedby_______.lfault-findingbycustomers

ardpol

lcontrolofthehotels答案：

26.A27.D28.A29.A30.A

大学英语四级阅读理解训练（十）

Asareliabletravelagency,wereallydotrytodescribeourcentersandac

SuperCentersandMainCente

rshavebeenextensivelyinvestigatedduringthewinterason1975-1976

.Asaresultwehavefirst-handinformationonthewayinwhichhotels,lif

enetworksandskischools,notb

eenabletoinvestigate,atfirsthand,allourIndependentCentersduringth

ldyouneedanymoreinformationaboutthecenterswewilltrytogetitf

ricancentershavebeeninvestigatedonourbehalfbyUnit

eratorswhoareassi

stingUnitedandourlvestoofferyouthisnovelprogramtotheUnitedS

tates.

Wherepossiblewehaveeliminatedtheuofsuperlativesfromthetext(

possiblymakingourbrochure(小册

子)lessattractivetoreadthanitmightbe)andhaveconcentratedonasa

helessyoushouldbearinmindth

.-

-.可修编.

atyouropinionandtheopinionofourinvestigatormightdifferandthere

maybechangesbetweenthetimeofavisitbyourinvestigatorandthevisi

tofoneofourcustomers.

Wetrustthatitividenttoyouthatwehavedoneallinourpowertoeli

minatemisdescriptionandthattherereallyisnoquestionofmisreprent

a-tiononourpart—yourconstructiv

ecriticism—itisthebestwayweknowofimprovingourbrochuresando

ur

ghplaintsareveryexpensivetohandle,yourplaintorcritici

smwillbethoroughlyinvestigatedandarefund(退

赔)madeifitisjustified—

nonewillbemadeifitisn"mclaimsthatallitswintersports

amofpersonalvisits

tstoincreahotelacmo

ovedinformationrvice

"IndependentCenters"werepersonallyinspected_______.A.t

earsago

gramoftourstotheUnitedStatesappearstobe_______.lla

erati

zedbyUnitedAirlines

rochurewouldbemoreattractivetoread,theysay,if_______.

.-

-.可修编.

inatedde

m"sclaimisthattheirpr

ogramisimprovedby_______.lfault-findingbycustomers

ard

lcontrolofthehotels答案：

26.A27.D28.A29.A30.A