2012年12月四级真题

2017年12月大学英

语四级考试真题及答案

-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

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2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）

PartIWriting（25minutes）

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashort

easyonhowtobest

uld

writeatleast

120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,nd

ofeachnewsreport,enews

ouheara

question,youmustchoothebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked

A),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebadonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.

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B)Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.

2.A)Bytakingpicturesforpasrs-by.C)Byllinglemonadeand

pictures.

B)Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocial

media.

Questions3and4arebadonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.

B)Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.

C)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.

D)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.

4.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.

B)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.

C)Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.

D)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.

Questions5to7arebadonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingforrearch.

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B)Thehazardsfromthedert.D)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.

6.A)Toobrvethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.

B)Toidentifythereasonsforthelions’disappearance.

C)TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.

D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions”.

7.A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.

B)Lions’tracks.D)Trapstbylocalhunters.

SectionB

Directions：Inthisction,

theendofeachconversation,e

ouheara

question,youmustchoothebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked

A),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Her‘luckybirthday’.C)Herweddinganniversary.

B)Acallfromherdad.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.

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9.A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)Tookheronatripoveras.

B)Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)Threwherasurpriparty.

10.A)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.

B)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.

C)Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.

D)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.

11.A)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple’sholidaytrip.

B)Hewilltellthewomenthecretifherhusbandagrees.

C)Heiagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturnsout.

D)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouple’sholidayplan.

Questions12to15arebadontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Theyarensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.

B)Theyetheimportanceofmakingcompromis.

C)Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.

D)Theytaketherival’sattitudeintoaccount.

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13.A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)Theyknowwhentomake

compromis.

B)Theyknowwhentostop.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheir

emotion.

14.A)Theyarepatient.C)Theylearnquickly.

B)Theyaregoodatexpression.D)Theyupholdtheirprinciples.

15.A)Makeclearone'sintentions.C)Formulateone'sstrategy.

B)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.

SectionC

Directions:Inthisction,ndof

eachpassage,youwill

epassageandthequestionswill

bespokenonly

ouhearaquestion,youmustchoothebestanswer

fromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C),D).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

Answer

7

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)WhenAmerica'arliestspaceprogramstarted.

B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.

C)Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.

D)HowspacerearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.

17.A)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.

B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouinouterspace.

C)Theytriedtomeetastronauts'specificrequirements.

D)Theytriedtomakebestuofthelatesttechnology.

18.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.

B)Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.

Questions19to21arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.

B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.

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C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.

D)Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.

20.A)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.C)Theyhadallkindsof

entertainment.

B)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofea.D)Theywereknowntobe

creative.

21.A)Chattingwithherancestors.C)Polishingallthesilverwork.

B)Furnishinghercountryhou.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.

Questions22to25arebadonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Uamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalm

yourlf.

B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprints

back.

23.A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.

B)Youmayexpoyourlftounexpecteddangers.

C)Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.

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D)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.

24.A)Lookforfood.C)Startafire.

B)Waitpatiently.D)Walkuphill.

25.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.C)Checkthelocalweather.

B)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)Findamapandacompass.

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthisction,

requiredtolectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgivenina

epassagethroughcarefully

oiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.

PleamarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2with

notuanyofthewordsinthe

bankmorethanonce.

Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeone

whoissick,butthecreatureshavesome26skillsthatcouldhelpthe

treatmentofhumandias.

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Pigeonsareoftenenasdirtybirdsandanurban27,buttheyare

justthelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohave

ehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe28of

yourindexfinger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive29__lyit

wasshownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumansat

detectingbreastcancerinimages.

Ratsareoften30withspreadingdiaratherthan31it,butthis

arat'snoareupto1,000different

typesofolfactoryreceptors（嗅觉感受器）,whereashumansonlyhave

vesratstheabilitytodetect__

result,someratsarebeingputtoworktodetectTB（肺结核）.Whenthe

ratsdetectthesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto34asampleisinfected.

Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmore

thantwodaysto35,t

detectionmethoddoesn'somore

accurate—theratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,save

morelives.

A)associatedI)slight

B)examineJ)specify

C)indicateK)superior

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D)nuisanceL)suspicious

E)peakM)tip

F)preventingN)treated

G)prohibitingO)visual

H)nsitive

SectionB

Directions:Inthisction,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

atementcontainsinformationgivenin

fytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformation

ragraphis

thequestionsbymarkingthecorresponding

letteronAnswerSheet2.

DoIn-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder?

Rearchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpected

ratherthanarchforanswers.

[A]yemrather

strangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundone

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ingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,

surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIam

stillprocessingthequestion.

[B]Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrently

alreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowI

citedwhenIlearned

this,figuringIhadafullweektodotherearch,readthetexts,andwrite

,

sayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.

[C]AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthe

materialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamong

inbach,whoteachesapopularclasson

entsatColumbia,eves

studentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.

“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldn’t

happenwithoutthepressureofanin-clasxam,”heexplained,

“Furthermore,in-clasxamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunder

pressure,andesntialworkskill.”

[D]Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-class

2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhen

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itwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclass

entitled“IntroductionToCongress.”Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan

“honorcode,”thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheschools,

youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,too

blockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays,

ImomentarilywonderedifIcouldn’tjustcallanexpertonthesubject

matterwhichIwastackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,to

getmegoing.

[E]FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanof

studentsatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschool’sprofessorsto

refrainfromtake-honeexams.“Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswell

asperformanceinotherend-of-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-home

examswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,”shetoldme.“Rearch

nowshowsthatregularquizzes,shortessays,andotherassignmentsover

thecourofatermbetterenhancelearningandretention.”

[F]Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekindofexamtheychoolargely

itative-badone,forexample,isunlikely

tobenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsistersto

onal-typeclass,suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,on

theotherhand,areoftenmorerearch-orientedandlendthemlvesto

och,whoteaches“HistoryofBroadcast

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Journalism”atMontgomeryCommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,

pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthe

memorizationofminutedetails.“Inmyfield,it’snotwhatyouknow—it’s

whatyouknowhowtofindout,”saysKoch.“Thereiswaytoomuch

information,andmorecomingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.I

wantmystudentstoarchouttheanswerstoquestionsbyusingallthe

resourcesavailabletothem.

[G]Students’test-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthe

subjectandcourdifficulty.“Iprefertake-homeessaysbecauitisthen

reallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomorerearch,”

saysElizabethDresr,ereisthestressfactor.

FrancescaHaass,anioratMiddlebury,says,“Ifindthein-classonesare

morestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyou

swallowinformationlikemad,-homes

requirethoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressas

thereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup.”Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,a

sophomoreatEmory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-homestrue

exams.“Ifyouunderstandthematerialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate

(说出)yourthoughts,theyshouldbeabreeze.”

[H]Howstudentsultimatelyhandlestressmaydependontheir

repeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthe

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lastminute,nthere

thowho,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingno

resourcestoreferto,ntherearewerarefolkswhofit

boththodescriptions.

[I]Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation(等式),inpart

becauofmyinabilityto

herreturningstudentat

Columbia,KateMarber,told

me,“Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butesntiallyhow

schanged

sincewewerelastin

school.”

[J]Ifnothingel,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandme

somethingtoshare,WhenI

askedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,“Ilikein-clasxams

becauthetimeis

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alreadyrerved,asoppodtousingmyfreetimeathometowork

onatest,”heresponded.

Itemstomethatacompromiwouldbereceivingtheexam

questionsadayortwoin

advance,andthendoingtheactualtestinclassthetickingclock

overhead.

[K]Betteryet,howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessor

reportedlydidrecentlyforherfinal

exam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promising

that,“Itisgoingtobea

pieceofcake.”Whenthestudentscamein,sharpenedpencilsinhand,

therewasnotablue

,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeach

weregivenaslice.

ystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesin

education.

lievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performance

inothercours.

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nprofessorsbelievein-clasxamsareultimatelymore

helpfultostudents.

-clasxamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.

horwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.

tswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfind

theexamsmoredifficultthan

theyactuallyare.

entstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.

ofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-home

examdependsontypeof

courbeingtaught.

hordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.

udentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.

SectionC

Directions:ssageis

hofthem

therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthe

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bestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46and50arebadonthefollowingpassage.

Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedin

unfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effect.

Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleep

sakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitytout

toinvestigatetheoriginsofthiffect.

knewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodo

zlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegained

o

knewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthatthe

animalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhile

remainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonder

aclorlook,herteam

studied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentof

theuniversity’ticipants

eachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitored

found,

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axpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthanthey

didontheircond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepand

deepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedin

irstnightonly,theleft

hemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheir

righthemispheresdid.

Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketo

processinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,

re-rantheexperimentwhileprentingthesleepingparticipantswithamix

ofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsof

kedoutthat,iftheleft

hemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,then

itwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepand

precilywhatshefound.

drearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?

A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)Whatcircumstancesmay

triggerit.

B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D)Inwhatwayitcanbe

beneficial.

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sakidoingherrearch?

A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.

B)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.

C)Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins

D)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.

dowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?

A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanew

environment.

B)Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychological

Sciences.

C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’

brains.

D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.

dowhenre-runningherexperiment?

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A)Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.

B)Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.

C)Sheexpodherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.

D)Shecomparedtheresponsofdifferentparticipants.

findabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?

A)Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.

B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.

C)Theyfeltsleepywhenexpodtoregularbeeps.

D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebadonthefollowingpassage.

It’

overworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyou

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onlyslowyoudownandhinderyour

careergoals.

Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted

Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“very

tired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.

Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhen

'salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretrying

sonwomenmayfeelexhaustedis

thattheyhaveahardtimesaying"no."Womenwanttobeabletodoitall

volunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals-andsotheiranswerto

anyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”

Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,

unately,this

inabilitytosay"no"maybehurtingwomen'sheathaswellastheircareer.

Attheworkplace,menuconflictasawaytopositionthemlves,

whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becau

theydon'

example,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddresdimmediately,

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morelikely

tofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthemmost,

whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveof

what'stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem-even

ifthatmeansdoingtheboringworkthemlves.

Thisdifferenceinhandlingconflictcouldbethedecidingfactoron

s

havetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswily–includingstaff

eringmoreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthat

d,itmayhighlightyourinabilitytodelegateeffectively.

estheauthorsayistheproblemwithwomen?

A)Theyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoreach.

B)Theyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanonthejob.

C)Theytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldgo.

D)Theytendtopushthemlvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirability.

orkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrained

ofenergy?

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A)Theystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandhome.

B)Theyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaresult.

C)Theydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirworkmates.

D)Theyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyresponsibilities.

yhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerwomen?

A)Theirunwillingnesstosay“no”.

B)Theirdesiretobeconsideredpowerful.

C)Anunderestimateoftheirownability.

D)Alackofcouragetofacechallenges.

womandifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplace

conflictsinthat______.

A)womentendtobeeasilysatisfied

B)menaregenerallymorepersuasive

C)mentendtoputtheirpersonalinterestsfirst

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D)womenaremuchmorereadytocompromi

importanttoagoodleader?

A)Adominantpersonality.C)Thecouragetoadmitfailure

B)Theabilitytodelegate.D)Astrongnofresponsibility.

PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslatea

passagefromChineinto

uldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.

华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭

不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰

山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，

希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀

有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。

答案速查

PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA26—30KDMOA31—35FHICB

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SectionB36—40IECDB41—45HGFAJ

SectionC46—50DCACB51—55DAACB