慢速voa

美国劳动之歌

UnitedStateshasitsworkersholidayon

mberandBarbaraKleinhaveafewsongsfromthehistory

oftheAmericanlabormovement.

Laborsongsaretraditionallystoriesofstruggleandpride,oftimelessdemandsforrespectandthe

hopeforabetterlife.

mpleis"WeShallNotBeMoved."It

usthemusicandmanyofthesamewordsofanoldreligioussong.

HereisfolksingerPeteSeegerwith"WeShallNotBeMoved."

ManyclassicAmericanlaborsongscamefromworkersinthecoalminesoftheSouth.

cas,therewasopenwarbetweenlabor

activistsandcoalmineoperators.

Once,inHarlanCounty,Kentucky,ntto

oneman'waitedoutsideforveraldays.

Thecoalminer'swife,FlorenceReece,tethissong,

"WhichSideAreYouOn?"

Again,hereisPeteSeeger.

orninSweden

edasanunskilledlaborer.

JoeHilljoinedtheIndustrialWorkersoftheWorld,anany

otherunion,theyudmusicintheircampaigns,urgingmembersto"singandfight."

OneofJoeHill'sbest-knownsongsis"CayJones."Itusthemusicfromasongaboutatrain

ldsong,elykeepshistrainrunninginverydifficult

conditions.

InJoeHill'sversion,taysonthejobafterother

workershavecalledastrikeagainsttherailroadcompany.

PeteSeegerandtheSongSwapperssing"CayJones(TheUnionScab)."

AnotherAmericanlaborsongiscalled"BreadandRos."Thattermwasconnectedwith

thewomen'slabormovement.

Thesongwasbadonapoemcalled"BreadandRos"m

waspublishedinTheAmericanMagazineinDecemberof1911.

ThefollowingmonththerewasafamousstrikebytextileworkersinLawrence,

eim'spoemgained

moreattention.

Atthattime,1911,afireata

timsweremostly

immigrantwomen.

HereisPatHumphrieswith"BreadandRos."

nbetrueeven

whenthemusichasnothingtodowithunions.

"DeColores"saboutfieldsinthespring,little

birds,rainbowsandthegreatlovesofmanycolors.

enas

BaldemarVelasquezleadsthebandAguilaNegrain"DeColores."

Formanyyears,lsoa

'eved

inorganizzer

diedin2006attheageof88.

HereisJoeGlazerwith"SolidarityForever,"writtenbyRalphChaplin.

FromVOALearningEnglish,thisistheAgricultureReport.

这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。

Today,esarehealthyand

green,butAndrewKiggundudoesnotlikewhathees.

今天我们带你到坎帕拉附近的一个小香蕉园。这些健康的香蕉树一片翠绿，但安德鲁·基冈度（Andrew

Kiggundu）对他看到的却不满意。

"Thediaontheleavesyouerightnowisnotthewilt,itisadifferentdiacalled

abig

problem,althoughofcournotasmuchasthewilt,becauthewiltjustdestroysthewhole

plant."

他说，“你现在看到的叶子所患的病不是香蕉枯萎病，它是一种不同的疾病，被称为香蕉叶斑病。它正在

杀死香蕉叶子，并造成重大的产量损失。这是一个大问题，虽然其危害尚不及香蕉枯萎病，因为香蕉枯萎

病会破坏整颗植株。”

AndrewKiggunduworkswiththeNationalAgriculturalRearchOrganization,alsoknownas

newplantsaremeanttoresistblacksigatokaandbananabacterialwilt,whichhasbeen

destroyingalargeamountsofthecountry'sbananacrop.

基冈度就职于乌干达国家农业研究组织（简称NARO）。这家乌干达政府机构正在开发转基因香蕉。这种

新作物是为了对抗香蕉叶斑病和香蕉细菌性枯萎病，这两种病害已经摧毁了乌干达大量的香蕉作物。

Ugandaistheworld'archDirectorWilberforce

Tushemereirwesaysthisiswhyitissoimportanttoproducehealthyplants.

乌干达是全球最大的香蕉消费国。乌干达国家农业研究组织的研究总监WilberforceTushemereirwe表

示，这就是生产健康作物如此重要的原因。

"Thediakeepsonmovingaroundwipingoutgardenaftergarden,soyouwillgotoareas

salreadyintroduced

foodincurity,becautheyarenotudtohandlingannualcrops."

他说，“这种疾病四处肆掠，挨个消灭香蕉园，所以你在一些地方会发现，它们已经从香蕉变成了一年生

作物。这已经引发了粮食不安全，因为它们不是用来对付一年生作物。”

ThecentralAfricannationalreadypermitstestingofgeneticallymodifiedorganisms,orGMOs.

Lawmakersareconsideringabillthatwouldpermitthedevelopmentanddistributionofsuch

eactivistssaygeneticallymodifiedorganisms

wouldbedangeroustohumanhealthandtheenvironment.

乌干达这种中非国家已经允许转基因生物实验。立法者正在筹备一项允许这类生物在全国开发和扩散的议

案。但一些活动人士表示，转基因生物对人类和环境有害。

GiregonOlupotisasoilbiophysicistatMakerereUniversityinKampala.

GiregonOlupot是坎帕拉市马凯雷雷大学的一位土壤生物物理学家。

"Therearearangeofoptionsthatrisktobewiped[out],

bananas,ntakethe

wenotgivingemphasistothat

technology?"

他说，“通过这项技术可以消除很多类的风险。在香蕉方面，植物组织培养在改造健康植株基因方面效果

很好。然后我们把这些植株移入无病害的香蕉园里并保持田间卫生。为什么我们不重视这种技术？”

Mostgeneticallymodifiededsarepatented,thismeansfarmersmustpurchathemafter

otsays,thismightbepossibleforprofitablefarmers,butsmaller

pinion,llinggeneticallymodifiededstosmall

farmerscouldtrapthem.

大多数转基因种子具有专利，这意味着农民们每次播种后都要再次购买种子。Olupot先生说，这对效益好

的农民来说没问题，但规模较小的农民都依赖自己的种子。在他看来，销售转基因种子会使小农户陷入困

境。

"Ifyouaretogocommercial,farmerswearetalking

about,onaverage,mplynotsuitableforourfarmers."

他说，“如果你要商业化就必须大规模。我们现在谈论的这些农民平均只有0.4公顷土地，所以它根本不适

合我们这些农民。”

ApublicinstitutionisdevelopingUganda'ysno

lupotsaysthiswouldprobablynotbetruewith

undusaysopponentsof

manyfarmersarenow

afraidofGMOs.

一家公共机构正在开发乌干达的转基因香蕉。乌干达国家农业研究组织表示，没有专利法会限制它们的使

用。但Olupot表示，这对未来引入到乌干达的转基因作物来说是不可能的。基冈度先生说，转基因计划

反对者的批评声一直很大。

TheUgandanparliamentixpectedtopasstheBiotechnologyandBiosafetyBillbeforethe

endoftheyear.

乌干达议会有望在今年年底之前通过生物技术和生物安全法案。