toefl

TOEFL真题练习大全

TOEFL真题1

Oneareaofpaleoanthropologicalstudyinvolvestheeating

anddietaryhabitsofhominids,erectbipedalprimates—

earthatatsomestageofhistory,

humansbegantocarrytheirfoodtocentralplaces,calledhome

bas,whereitwassharedandconsumedwiththeyoungand

ofhomebasisafundamentalcomponent

ofhumansocialbehavior;thecommonmealrvedatacommon

hearthisapowerfulsymbol,

behaviordoesnotoccuramongnonhumanprimatesandisrare

clearwhenhumansbegantouhome

bas,whatkindofcommunicationsandsocialrelationswere

involved,andwhattheecologicalandfood-choicecontextsof

theshiftwere.

Workonearlytools,surveysofpaleoanthropologicalsites,

developmentandtestingofbroadecologicaltheories,and

advancesincomparativeprimatologyarecontributingto

knowledgeaboutthiscentralchapterinhumanprehistory.

Oneinnovativeapproachtotheissuesinvolvesstudying

chersmaketoolsthat

replicateexcavatedspecimensasclolyaspossibleandthentry

touthemastheoriginalsmighthavebeenud,in

woodcutting,hunting,orcultivation.

托福阅读题目：

sagemainlydiscusswhichofthefollowing

aspectsofhominidbehavior?

(A)Changesineatinganddietarypractices

(B)Thecreationofstonehuntingtools

(C)Socialinteractionsathomebas

(D)Methodsofextractingnutritiousfoodfromcarcass

ingtothepassage,bringingamealtoalocationto

besharedbymanyindividualsis

(A)anactivitytypicalofnonhumanprimates

(B)acommonpracticeamonganimalsthateatmeat

(C)anindicationofsocialunity

(D)abehaviorthatencouragesbetterdietaryhabits

d“consumed"inline4isclostinmeaningto

(A)prepared

(B)stored

(C)distributed

(D)eaten

ingtoparagraph2,rearchersmakecopiesofold

stonetoolsinorderto

(A)protecttheoldtoolsfrombeingwornout

(B)displayexamplesoftheoldtoolsinmuums

(C)testtheoriesabouthowoldtoolswereud

(D)learnhowtoimprovethedesignofmoderntools

graph2,theauthormentionsallofthefollowingas

examplesofwaysinwhichearly

stonetoolswereudEXCEPTto

(A)buildhomebas

(B)obtainfood

(C)makeweapons

(D)shapewood

d"innovative"inline13isclostinmeaningto

(A)good

(B)new

(C)simple

(D)costly

d"them"inline15refersto

(A)issues

(B)rearchers

(C)tools

(D)specimens

hormentions"characteristicchippagepatterns"in

line16asanexampleof

(A)decorationscutintowoodenobjects

(B)differencesamongtoolsmadeofvarioussubstances

(C)impressionsleftonprehistoricanimalbones

(D)indicationsofwearonstonetools

d"extract"inline19isclostinmeaningto

(A)identify

(B)remove

(C)destroy

(D)compare

d"whether"inline26isclostinmeaningto

(A)if

(B)how

(C)why

(D)when

托福阅读答案：

__DBA

TOEFL真题2

托福阅读文本：

Prehistoricmammothshavebeenprervedinthefamous

tarpitsofRanchoLaBrea(BreaistheSpanishwordfortar)in

whatisnowtheheartofLosAngeles,arpits

havebeenknownforcenturiesandwereformerlyminedfortheir

naturalasphalt,ablackorbrownpetroleum-likesubstance.

Thousandsoftonswereextractedbefore1875,whenitwasfirst

xcavations

wereundertakenthatestablishedthesignificanceofthis

pitswerefoundtocontaintheremainsof

scoresofspeciesofanimalsfromthelast30,000yearsoftheIce

Age.

Sincethen,over100tonsoffossils,1.5millionfrom

vertebrates,2.5millionfrominvertebrates,havebeenrecovered,

atures

foundrangefrominctsandbirdstogiantgroundsloth's,buta

totalof17proboscides(animalswithaproboscisorlongno)

—includingmastodonsandColumbianmammoths—havebeen

recovered,mostofthemfromPit9,thedeepestbone-bearing

deposit,thefossilsdateto

between40,000and10,000yearsago.

TheasphaltatLaBreaepstothesurface,especiallyinthe

summer,andformsshallowpuddlesthatwouldoftenhavebeen

animalswouldbecome

trappedonthethinsheetsofliquidasphalt,whichare

,theunfortunatebeasts

woulddieofexhaustionandhungerorfallpreytopredatorsthat

oftenalsobecamestuck.

Astheanimalsdecayed,morescavengerswouldbeattracted

andcaughtintheirturn.

Carnivoresgreatlyoutnumberherbivoresinthecollection:

foreverylargeherbivore,thereisonesaber-toothcat,acoyote,

tthatsomebonesareheavilyweathered

showsthatsomebodiesremainedabovethesurfaceforweeksor

iaintheasphaltwouldhaveconsumedsomeof

thetissuesotherthanbones,andtheasphaltitlfwoulddissolve

whatwasleft,atthesametimeimpregnatingandbeautifully

prervingthesaturatedbones,renderingthemdarkbrownand

shiny.

托福阅读题目：

pectoftheLaBreatarpitsdoesthepassage

mainlydiscuss?

(A)Theamountofasphaltthatwasminedthere

(B)Thechemicalandbiologicalinteractionsbetweenasphalt

andanimals

(C)Thefossilremainsthathavebeenfoundthere

(D)Scientificmethodsofdeterminingtheageoftarpits

gthephra"theheartofLosAngeles"inline2,the

authoristalkingaboutthecity's

(A)beautifuldesign

(B)centralarea

(C)basicneeds

(D)suppliesofnaturalasphalt

d"noticed"inline5clostinmeaningto

(A)predicted

(B)announced

(C)corrected

(D)obrved

d"tangled"inline10isclostinmeaningto

(A)buriedbeneath

(B)twistedtogether

(C)quicklyformed

(D)easilydated

d"them"inline13refersto

(A)incts

(B)birds

(C)cloths

(D)proboscideans

yproboscideanshavebeenfoundattheLaBrea

tarpits?

(A)9

(B)17

(C)1.5million

(D)2.5million

d"concealed"inline17isclostinmeaningto

(A)highlighted

(B)covered

(C)transformed

(D)contaminated

stheauthormentionanimalssuchascoyotesand

wolvesinparagraph4?

(A)Togiveexamplesofanimalsthatareclassifiedas

carnivores

(B)TospecifytheanimalsfoundleastcommonlyatLaBrea

(C)Toarguethattheanimalswereespeciallylikelytoavoid

extinction.

(D)Todefinetheterm"scavengers"

托福阅读答案：

CBDBDBBA

TOEFL真题3

托福阅读文本：

Amongthespeciesofabirdsthatuthewindsweptcliffs

oftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,

andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-

leggedkittiwakes,hebirdsonthe

cliffs,theblack-leggedkittiwakegullisthebestsuitedfornesting

ghitsnestinghabitsaresimilartotho

ofgullsthatnestonflatground,thereareanumberofimportant

differencesrelatedtothecliff-nestinghabit.

Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgives

fromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravens

andotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingon

munityhasbeenfollowedby

arelaxationofthedefens,andkittiwakesdonotreactto

y

ofBonaparte'sgullsrespondstotheappearanceofapredatory

herringgullbyflyingupasagroupwithaclamorofalarmcalls,

followedbyconcertedmobbing,butkittiwakessimplyignore

herringgulls,r

llskeepthe

nestareaclearofdroppings,andremoveemptyeggshellsafter

thechickshavehatched,sothatthelocationofthenestisnot

akesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,which

keepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleave

thenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationvery

conspicuous.

Ontheotherhand,nestingonanarrowledgehasitsown

peculiarproblems,andkittiwakebehaviorhasbecomeadapted

alekittiwakesitswhenmating,

whereasothergullsstand,sothepairwillnotoverbalanceand

tisadeepcup,madeofmudoraweed,

toholdtheeggssafely,comparedwiththeshallowscrapeof

othergulls,andthechicksareremarkablyimmobileuntilfully

notrunfromtheirnestswhenapproached,and

iftheyshouldcomeneartothecliffedge,theyinstinctivelyturn

back.

托福阅读题目：

pectofthekittiwakegulldoesthepassagemainly

discuss?

(A)Itsdefensivebehavior

(B)Itinteractionswithothergullspecies

(C)Itsnestinghabits

(D)Itsphysicaldifferencefromothergullspecies

d"rear"inline2isclostinmeaningto

(A)visit

(B)watch

(C)rever

(D)rai

d"scale"inline8isclostinmeaningto

(A)climb

(B)avoid

(C)approach

(D)measure

d"immunity"inline9isclostinmeaningto

(A)distance

(B)transition

(C)protection

(D)reminder

tdifficultforravenstostealthekittiwakes'eggs?

(A)Thekittiwakescanetheravensapproachingthenest.

(B)Theravenscannotlandonthenarrowledgeswhere

kittiwakesnest.

(C)Thekittiwakes'eggsaretoobigfortheravenstocarry.

(D)Thefemalekittiwakesrarelyleavethenest.

hormentionsthateggshellslitteraroundthenests

ofkittiwakesinorderto

(A)demonstratethatkittiwakesarenotconcernedabout

predators

(B)provehowbusykittiwakesareincaringfortheiroffspring

(C)showasimilaritytoothertypesofgulls

(D)illustratekittiwakes'lackofconcernfortheirchicks

ingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthatwhichof

thefollowingbirdsconcealtheirnest?

(A)Bonaparte'sgulls

(B)Atlanticpuffins

(C)Kittiwakegulls

(D)Northerngannets

d"it"inline17refersto

(A)location

(B)edge

(C)nest

(D)practice

d"conspicuous"inline18isclostinmeaningto

(A)disordered

(B)suspicious

(C)noticeable

(D)appealing

a"Ontheotherhand"inline19isclostin

meaningto

(A)therefore

(B)however

(C)forexample

(D)bynomeans

托福阅读答案：

__CCB

TOEFL真题4

托福阅读文本：

Thecanopy,theupperlevelofthetreesintherainforest,

holdsaplethoraofclimbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize,

whichmayincludemonkeys,cats,civets,andporcupines.

Smallerspecies,includingsuchrodentsasmiceandsmall

squirrels,arenotasprevalentoverallinhightropicalcanopiesas

theyareinmosthabitatsglobally.

Smallmammals,beingwarmblooded,sufferhardshipinthe

expodandturbulentenvironmentoftheuppermosttrees.

Becauasmallbodyhasmoresurfaceareaperunitof

weightthanalargeoneofsimilarshape,itgainsorlos

,inthetrees,whereshelterfromheatand

coldmaybescarceandconditionsmayfluctuate,asmall

mammalmayhavetroublemaintainingitsbodytemperature.

Smallsizemakesiteasytoscrambleamongtwigsand

branchesinthecanopyforincts,flowers,orfruit,butsmall

mammalsaresurpasd,inthecompetitionforfood,bylarge

onesthathavetheirowntacticsforbrowsingamongfood-rich

ghtofagibbon(asmallape)hangingbelowa

brancharchestheterminalleavesdownsothatfruit-bearing

foliagedropstowardthegibbon'gorleaping

speciesofasimilarorevenlargersizeaccesstheoutertwigs

eitherbysnappingoffandretrievingthewholebranchorby

clutchingstiffbrancheswiththefeetortailandpluckingfoodwith

theirhands.

Smallclimbinganimalsmayreachtwigsreadily,butitis

harderforthemthanforlargeclimbinganimalstocrossthewide

gapsfromontreecrowntothenextthattypifythehighcanopy.A

macaqueorgibboncanhurlitlffartherthanamoucan:itcan

achievearunningstart,anditcanmoreeffectivelyuabranch

asaspringboard,evenbouncingonaclimbveraltimesbefore

wardmovementofasmallanimalisriously

reducedbytheairfrictionagainsttherelativelylargesurfacearea

y,forthemanysmallmammalsthatsupplement

theirinctdietwithfruitsoreds,aninabilitytospanopengaps

betweentreecrownsmaybeproblematic,sincetreesthatyield

thefoodscanbespar.

托福阅读题目：

sageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

(A)Howistherainforestdifferentfromotherhabitats?

(B)Howdoesananimal'sbodysizeinfluenceananimal's

needforfood?

(C)Whydoestherainforestprovideanunusualvarietyof

foodforanimals?

(D)Whydolargeanimalstendtodominatetheupper

canopyoftherainforest?

fthefollowinganimalsislesscommoninthe

uppercanopythaninotherenvironments?

(A)Monkeys

(B)Cats

(C)Porcupines

(D)Mice

d"they"inline4refersto

(A)trees

(B)climbingmammalsofmoderatelylargesize

(C)smallerspecies

(D)hightropicalcanopies

ingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrue

aboutthesmallmammalsintherainforest?

(A)Theyhavebodyshapesthatareadaptedtoliveinthe

canopy.

(B)Theypreferthetemperatureandclimateofthecanopy

tothatofotherenvironments.

(C)Theyhavedifficultywiththechangingconditionsinthe

canopy.

(D)Theyuthetreesofthecanopyforshelterfromheat

andcold.

ussinganimalsizeinparagraph3,theauthor

indicatesthat

(A)smallanimalsrequireproportionatelymorefoodthan

largeranimalsdo

(B)alargeanimal'ssizeisanadvantageinobtainingfoodin

thecanopy

(C)smallanimalsareoftenattackedbylargeanimalsinthe

rainforest

(D)smallanimalsandlargeanimalsareequallyadeptat

obtainingfoodinthecanopy

d"typify"inline19isclostinmeaningto

(A)remble

(B)protect

(C)characterize

(D)divide

ingtoparagraph4,whatmakesjumpingfromone

treecrowntoanotherdifficultforsmallmammals?

(A)Airfrictionagainstthebodysurface

(B)Thethicknessofthebranches

(C)Thedenleavesofthetreecrown

(D)Theinabilitytouthefrontfeetashands

d"supplement"inline24isclostinmeaningto

(A)control

(B)replace

(C)lookfor

(D)addto

fthefollowingtermsisdefinedinthepassage?