heavy的副词

六、形容词和副词（二）

【副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。】

1、副词的语法功能

1）作状语，起修饰作用Theyarewarmlyreceiveduponarrival.

2）作表语，表主语的方向、方位、动作Thelightisstillon.

3）作定语，表示时间和地点Isthereapostofficehere.

4）作补足语，说明主语所处的位置、状态等Thelittlewaskeptindoorsallbyherlfwhenherparents

wenttowork.

2、副词的特征

1）以ly结尾的副词frequentlyconstantlyrapidlycalmlyhappilyanxiously

2）与形容词同形的副词latefirmfastlowhighearlylongslow

3）有些词本身是副词，在加ly后又构成另外的副词，两种副词的意义有联系也有区别

【形容词加ly变副词的规律】

直接加后缀careful-carefully;quick-quickly;safe-safely;slow-slowly

以le结尾的，去e加ygentle-gently;possible-possibly;comfortable-comfortably

以y结尾的双音节形容词，把y变i，再加lyeasy-easily;happy-happily;heavy-heavily

shy的副词形式是shyly.

【原型副词一般表示的是具体意义，加ly的副词往往具有比喻意义，表示程度】

Thepictureishanginghighinthebackwall.

Playingwithfireishighlydangerous.

【有些副词与加ly的副词在修饰动词时基本相同】

Thelittleheldhermother'shandfirmly/firm.

'smistakecosthimdearly/dear损失惨重.

hard努力地

high高

deep深深地

late迟、晚

free免费地

just正好

hardly几乎不

highly非常

deeply强烈地

lately最近、近来

freely自由地

justly公正地

near附近

most最

wide张大地

clo靠近

loud响亮地

clean完全的

nearly几乎

mostly几乎全部

widely广泛地

cloly密切地

loudly大声地

cleanly干净的

3、副词的分类及其位置

1）时间副词

now;recently;rightaway;soon;since;then;nowandthen;today;age;justnow;rightthen;tomorrow;late

位置：一般放在句末，有时也放在动词前面

Willyoubefreetonight?

Onreceivinghisletter,Iimmediatelywroteback.

2）地点副词

here;upstairs;far;outdoors;there;downstairs;overhead;indoors;abroad;ashore;everywhere;away

位置：一般位于所修饰的动词后面，偶尔也可放于句首，尤其是here/there

Theymoveddowntown.

Weshouldalwayswalkoutdoorsforfreshair.

Hereyoucanfindwhateverkindofbookyouwant.

3）方式副词

angrily;carefully;simply;beautifully;slowly;kindly;calmly;suddenly;openly;

位置：动词前后和第一助动词后和句末

beenillforalongtime.

Thespokesmanpubliclydeclaredthathedidn'tknowanythingaboutthematterforehand.

Thecountrieswereruthlesslyinvaded.

Hegaveaspeechopenly.

4）程度副词

much;awfully非常;very;partly;fully;extremely;entirely;dearly;非常地;almost;truly;rather;nearly;half;

quite

位置：修饰形容词副词时放在其前，修饰动词时放在第一个助动词后，实义动词前

nebehavessomewhatdifferently都有点不同.

lyenjoyworkingwithyou

5）频度副词

usually;often;sometimes;never;always;regularly;constantly;frequently;ldom

位置：比较灵活，可位于句首、句末、第一助动词后、动词前

Bruceisconstantlychanginghismind.

Hiswifegoesshoppingfrequentlyonweekends.

UsuallyournewtermstartsinSeptember.

Sheneversawhimagain.

6）疑问副词where;when;why;how

7）关系副词where;when;why

8）连接副词therefore;moreover;besides;however;otherwi;then;meanwhile;when;where;why;

whenever;wherever;however

位置：两个句子中间，谓语前，句尾

Saleshavebeengood,yetprofitsarelow.

I's,however,arefull.

otaffordtobuythenewcar,therefore.

9）句子副词frankly;evidently;luckily;unfortunately;hopefully;surprisingly