英语二

英语二历年真题与答案

-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

2

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题

SectionIUSEofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetecctedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconjune

11,efirstwotldwidecpidemic__1__bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.

Theheightenedalert__2__anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatasmbledafterasharp

ing__3__inBritain,japan,Chileandelwhere.

Burtheepiemicis“__4__”anization’sdirector

general,__5__theoverwhelmingmajortyofpatientxperiencingonlymildsymptomsandfullrecovery.

Ofteninthe__6__ofanymedicaltreatment.

Theourbreakcametogobal__7__xicanauthoritiesnotedanunusuallylatge

numberofhospitalizationsanddeaths__8__ofMexicoCityShutdownatthe

heightofapanic,casbeganto__9__thwestemUnitedStatesandatoundthe

world.

IntheUnitedStates,newcasemedtofade__10__ateSeptember

2009,officialsreportedtherewas__11__fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyall

the__12__ownas(A)H1N1,.S.,It

has__13__morethanonemillionpeople,andcaudmonethan600deathsandmorethan6,000

hospitalizations.

Federalhealthofficials___14___Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan__15__orders

vaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualflu

vaccine,is__16__anthreemilliondosweretobemadeavailableinearly

October2009,thoughmostoftho__17__doswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot__18__

forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthowithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiaorveral

other__19__.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroups;healthcare

workers,people__20__infantsandhealthyyoungpeople.

1[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[D]designated

2[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[D]prompted

3[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[D]sums

4[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[D]extreme

5[A]with[B]in[C]from[D]by

6[A]progress[B]abnce[C]prence[D]favor

7[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[D]notice

8.[A]over[B]for[C]among[D]to

9[A]stayup[B]cropup[C]fillup[D]coverup

10[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until

11[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[D]magnificent

12[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[D]samples

13[A]imparted[B]immer[C]injected[D]infected

14[A]relead[B]relayed[C]relieved[D]remained

15[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[D]giving

3

16[A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[D]applicable

17[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[D]initial

18[A]prented[B]restricted[C]recommended[D]introduced

19[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings

20[A]involvedin[B]caringfor[C]concernedwith[D]wardingoff

SectionⅡReadingcomprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56works

byDamienHirst,“BeautifulInsideMyHeadForever”，atSotheby’sinLondononSeptember15th2008.

Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethan￡70m,lastvictory.

Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,

filedforbankruptcy.

Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince

eakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArts

Economics,arearchfirm—henitmayhavecomedownto$50

marketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauitbringstogethergreatwealth,

enormougos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.

IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirst’ssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeply

unfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousands

rtworldthatmeantcollectorsstayed

fcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheated

ctor—forChinecontemporaryart—theyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.

Withinweekstheworld’stwobiggestauctionhous,Sotheby’sandChristie’s,hadtopayoutnearly

$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.

ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanestoppedbuyingImpressionistsat

theendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostriouscontractioninthemarketsincetheSecondWorldWar.

Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeen

ardDolman,Christie’schiefexecutive,says:“I’mprettyconfidentwe’reatthe

bottom.”

Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,

whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmany

ie’srevenuesinthefirsthalfof2009werestillhigherthaninthefirsthalfof

everyonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthe

eeDs—death,debtanddivorce—

onewhodoesnothavetolliskeepingaway,waitingfor

confidencetoreturn.

irstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoas“alastvictory”becau____.

4

markethadwitnesdasuccessionofvictories

tioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbids

fulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpieces

uccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisis

ng“spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3)，theauthor

suggeststhat_____.

torswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctions

stoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleries

lectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextent

fartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying

fthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

fcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008.

marketsurpasdmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.

ketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.

tdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.

eeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____

nhous'favorites

porarytrends

spromotingartworkcirculation

reprentingimpressionists

tappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___

ationofArtPrices

-to-dateArtAuctions

ketinDecline

dInterestinArts

Text2

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen'sgroupthathad

houttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequently

offeringideasandanecdotes,theendofthe

eveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'n

uredtowardhiswifeandsaid,"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."The

roomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue,"heexplained."WhenIcomehome

fromwork,idn'tkeeptheconversationgoing,we'dspendthewholeeveningin

silence."

ThipisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublic

situations,spatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepogistCatherine

KohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonly

afewofthemen—hecurrentdivorce

rateofnearly50percent，thatamountstomillionsofcasintheUnitedStateveryyear—avirtual

epidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownrearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocudnotontangible

inequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmore

thantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,d

theyfocudoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome.""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHacker

5

obrvedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartners

butfewhusbandssharethixpectationoftheirwives.

Inshorttheimagethatbestreprentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofaman

sittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresattheback

ofit,wantingtotalk.

mostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

gtothem.

ngthem.

tingtheircareers.

ghouwork.

gfromthecontext,thephra“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.

tingmotivation.

nginfluence

gdamage

ngpressure

hefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______

dtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen

50percentofrecentdivorcesarecaudbyfailedconversation

ttachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples

etendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspou

fthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

aldecayingdervesmorerearchbysociologists.

gebreak-upstemsfromxinequalities.

dandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

sationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

ollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson______

accountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

leddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

ossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.

introductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

Text3

Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits

—abitshavehelpedcompaniearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerat

snacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninrespontoacarefullydesigned

tofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremain

killersonlybecauwecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”said.“Wewantedto

learnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

turnedto—Procter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnilever—had

investedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumers’livesthatcorporationscould

utointroducenewroutines.

Ifyoulookhardenough,you’llfindthatmanyoftheproductsweueveryday—chewinggums,skin

moisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,

teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitamins—ryago,fewpeople

,becauofcannyadvertisingandpublichealth

6

campaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,often

withColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.

Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidn’veragecompanies

startedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwaterall

ggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasa

isturizersareadvertidaspartofmorning

beautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.

“Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,”saidCarolBerning,a

consumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionof

Tide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.“Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingour

consumers’lives,andit’sntialtomakingnewproductscommerciallyviable.”

Throughexperimentsandobrvation,ghavelearnedthatthereis

powerinnewscienceofhabit

hamerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenudtollquestionablebeautycreams

orunhealthyfoods.

,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.

[A]shouldbefurthercultivated

[B]shouldbechangedgradually

[C]aredeeplyrootedinhistory

[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns

dwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____

[A]revealtheirimpactonpeople’shabits

[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities

[C]indicatetheireffectonpeople’sbuyingpower

[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits

fthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople’shabits?

[A]Tide

[B]Crest

[C]Colgate

[D]Unilever

etextweknowthatsomeofconsumer’shabitsaredevelopeddueto_____

[A]perfectedartofproducts

[B]automaticbehaviorcreation

[C]commercialpromotions

[D]scientificexperiments

hor’sattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertimentonpeople’shabitsis____

[A]indifferent

[B]negative

[C]positive

[D]biad

Text4

ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,

includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequally

competenttorveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbelectedrandomlyfromareprentativecrossctionof

thecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttorveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,x,

ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldreprentthe

7

yisalsosaidtobethebestsurviving

ectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverning

themlves,ratherthanelectingreprentativestogovernforthem.

Butasrecentlyasin1986,

states,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsuppodlysuperiorintelligence,education,and

ghtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracial

rginia,thepracticeof

lectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandother

antidiscriminationlaws.

Thesystemagh

womenfirstrvedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmade

enveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunless

acticewasjustifiedbytheclaim

thatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunreprentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.

In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespasdtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinanew

wabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurors

andrequirandmark

ana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesbe

lordecisionalsodeclaredx

discriminationinjurylectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestouthesameproceduresfor

lectingmaleandfemalejurors.

eprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______

[A]bothliberateandilliteratepeoplecanrveonjuries

[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers

[C]noagelimitshouldbeimpodforjuryrvice

[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic

cticeoflectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____

[A]theinadequacyofantidiscriminationlaws

[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces

[C]theconflictingidealsinjurylectionprocedures

[D]thearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtjustices

the1960s,womenwereldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecau_____

[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws

[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications

[C]theyweresuppodtoperformdomesticduties

[D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement

heJurySelectionandServiceActwaspasd.___

[A]xdiscriminationinjurylectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished

[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidinthelectionoffederaljurors

[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttobereprentativeoftheentirecommunity

[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem

ussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_______

[A]itsnatureandproblems

[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition

[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions

[D]itstraditionanddevelopment

PartB

8

Directions:

ReadtTifthestatement

uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

CopyingBirdsMaySaveAircraftFuel

Bot787and350

oupof

rearchersatStanfordUniversity,ledbyIlanKroo,hassuggestedthatairlinescouldtakeamore

naturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluanditwouldnotrequirethemtobuynewaircraft.

Theanswer,saysDrKroo,1914,scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformation-

flowingoverabird’swingscurlsupwardsbehindthewingtips.a

irdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduceddrag,andspendless

issaman,anaeronauticxpertwhowasformerlyatCaltechandthe

UniversityofSouthernCalifornia,hassuggestedthataformationof25birdsmightenjoyarangeincreaof

71%.

Whenappliedtoaircraft,andhisteammodeledwhat

wouldhappenifthreepasngerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles,SanFranciscoandIasVegaswereto

asmbleoverUtah,assumeaninvertedV-formationoccasionallychangeplacessoallcouldhaveaturnin

themostfavourablepositions,undthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas

15%lessfuel(coupledwithareductionincarbon-dioxideoutput).Nitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthe

cruisingportionsoftheflightfellbyaroundaquarter.

Thereare,ofcour,siderationissafety,oratleasttheperceptionofit.

Wouldpasngersfeelcomfortabletravellingincompanion

DrKroopointsoutthattheaircraftcouldbeparatedbyveralnauticalmiles,andwouldnotbeinthe

intimategroupingsfavouredbydisplayteamsliketheRedArrows,Apasngerpeeringoutofthewindow

rtheparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisfyair-traffic-

controlregulationsisanothermatter,althoughaworkinggroupattheInternationalCivilAviation

Organisationhasincludedthepossibilityofformationflyinginablueprintfornewoperationalguidelines.

Itremainstobeenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmakeformationflightmoreefficient.

Inzonesofincreadturbulence,theplanes’

talsobehardforairlinestoco-

ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpasngeraircraftinawaythatwouldallowthemtogain

ircraft,incontrast,mightbeeasiertoreschedule,asmightroutinemilitary

flight.

Asithappens,America’rthisyearthecountry’sDefence

AdvancedRearchProjectsAgencyannouncedplanstopayBoeingtoinvestigateformationflight,though

rereportsthatsomemilitaryaircraftflewinformationwhenthey

werelowonfuelduringtheSecondWorldWar,butDrLissamansaystheyareunsubstantiated.“Myfather

wasanRAFpilotandmycousintheskipperofaLancasterlostoverBerlin,”ouldknow.

gsoftheStanfordUniversityrearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingandAirbusaircraft.

ashexperiencemaysavepropellingenergyaswellasreducingresistance.

ionflightismorecomfortablebecaupasngerscannotetheotherplans.

ethatweatherplaysinformationflighthasnotyetbeenclearlydefined.

eendocumentedthatduringWorldWarⅡ,America’sarmedforcesoncetriedformationflightto

savefuel.

9

SectionⅢTranslation

ions:

ourtranslationonANSWER

SHEET2.(15points)

“Suatainability”hasbecomeapopularwordthedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshave

enduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohim

thatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpresdthougheverydayactionandchoice.

’dbeenthoughthedot-com

boomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.

Itdidin’tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecauthat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whodilemma

aboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmirable,IhadsomuchanxietythatI

moneyandneededthejob.

Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you’lltrunthecorner,giveitsometime.’”

SectionⅣWriting

PartA

ions:

alettertoyourAmericancolleagueto

1)Expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;

2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecour.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

“ZhangWei”instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)

PartB

ions:

Inthisction,writing,youshould

1)Interpretthechartand

2)Giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.

WriteyouressayononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

10

2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions：thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,Cor

DonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsurs,tvery

anonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.

Canprivacybeprerved2bringingsafetyandcuritytoaworldthatemsincreasingly3

Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomakethe

Webasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,a

fingerprintandaphotoIDcard,temmightuasmartidentitycard,oradigital

ldauthenticateursatarangeofonlinervices.

uld9whichsystemtojoin,

andonlyregisteredu

approachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicen10bythegovernment.

GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethe“singlesign-on”systemsthatmake

itpossibleforursto11justoncebutumanydifferentrvices.

roachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright

“streetlights”toestablishanofa13community.

tdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscan

completeonlinetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesofthe

infrastructure15whichthetransactionruns”.

Still,theadministration’plaudtheapproach;othersare

sclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsory

Internet“drive’slicen”mentality.

Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputercurityexperts,whoworrythatthe

“voluntaryecosystem”gue

11

thatallInternetursshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemlves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbe

licendtodriveonpublicroads.

1．

2．

3．ss

4．al

5．lent

6．

7．ed

8．e

9．e

10．red

11．

12．rast

13．ing

14．ce

15．

16．

17．ally

18．iasm

19．ble

20．

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:ayearlatershebecamepresident

restofthede

swasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehave

le

positionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.

Outsidedirectorsaresuppodtorveashelpful,yetlessbiad,advirsonafirm’madetheir

wealthandtheirreputationlwhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’s

ky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebadonhaving

weatheredtheirowncris.

12

TherearchersfromOhioUniversityudadatabahatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000

eysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementto

tlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotherearchersconcentratedontho“surpri”

untthatafterasurprideparture,theprobabilitythatthecompany

willsubquentlyhavetorestateearningsincreadbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-action

lawsuitalsoincreas,gha

correlationbetweenthemleavingandsubquentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuch

hey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmore

stablefirms.

Buttherearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsifthey

leaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeanywrongdoing

howanttokeepi

s,onceagainverypopularoncampus.

ingtoParagraph1,swascriticizedfor.

[A]gainingexcessiveprofits

[B]failingtofulfillherduty

[C]refusingtomakecompromis

[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes

nfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresuppodtobe.

[A]generousinvestors

[B]unbiadexecutives

[C]sharepriceforecasters

[D]independentadvirs

ingtotherearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirector’ssurprideparture,thefirm

islikelyto.

[A]becomemorestable

[B]reportincreadearnings

[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket

[D]performworinlawsuits

einferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.

[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm

[B]haveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirm

[C]areaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirm

[D]willdeclineincentivesfromthefirm

hor’sattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis.

[A]permissive

[B]positive

[C]scornful

[D]critical

Text2

essionthreatenedtoremovethe

persliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewere

a’sFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.

ShouldtheybecomecharitablecorporationsShouldthestatesubsidizethem

discussionsnowemoutofdate.

Americannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoften

20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.

ricanSocietyofNews

Editorsreckonsthat13,

13

desperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,

sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.

Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusiness,withahealthiermixofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertirs.

87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertising

in2008,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.

Notsurprisingly,Japanenewspapersaremuchmorestable.

Thewhirlwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedin

scienceandgeneralbusiness

pletenessisno

longeravirtueinthenewspaperbusiness.

ng“Newspaperslike…theirowndoom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper.

[A]neglectedthesignofcrisis

[B]failedtogetstatesubsidies

[C]werenotcharitablecorporations

[D]wereinadesperatesituation

wspapersrefuddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecau.

[A]readersthreatenedtopayless

[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts

[C]journalistsreportedlittleabouttheareas

[D]subscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts

edwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecauthey.

[A]havemoresourcesofrevenue

[B]havemorebalancednewsrooms

[C]arelessdependentonadvertising

[D]arelessaffectedbyreadership

nbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?

[A]Distinctivenessisanesntialfeatureofnewspapers.

[B]Completenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.

[C]Foreignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.

[D]Readershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.

tappropriatetitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvival

[B]AmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeWind

[C]AmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusiness

[D]AmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStory

Text3

WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiers

returninghomebythemillions,dliningupatthemarriagebureaus.

Butwhenitcametotheirhous,the

Depressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwar

confidenceinthefuture,madesmall,efficienthousingpositivelystylish.

Eca“lessismore”wasactually

firstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,

aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarII

esignerscametoexertenormousinfluenceonthecourof

Americanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.

Mies’ssignaturephrameansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,ce,he

believed,hermodernarchitects,heemployedmetal,glassandlaminatedwood-

materia’ssophisticatedprentation

maskedthefactthatthespaceshedesignedweresmallandefficient,ratherthanbigandoftenempty.

14

TheapartmentsintheeleganttowersMiesbuiltonChicago’sLakeShoreDrive,forexample,weresmaller-two-

bedroomunitsunder1,000squarefeet-thanthointheirolderneighborsalongthecity’ywere

popularbecauoftheirairyglasswalls,theviewstheyaffordedandtheeleganceofthebuildings’detailsandproportions,

thearchitecturalequivalentoftheabstractartsopopularatthetime.

Thetrendtoward“less”1930sFrankLloydWrightstartedbuildingmoremodestand

efficienthous-usuallyaround1,200squarefeet-thanthespreadingtwo-storyoneshehaddesignedinthe1890sandthe

early20thcentury.

The“CaStudyHous”commissionedfromtalentedmodernarchitectsbyCaliforniaArts&Architecturemagazine

between1945and1962wereyetanotherhomegrowninfluenceonthe“lessismore”ticeffectcamefromthe

landscape,aStudyHou,Ralpheverydaylife-fewAmericanfamilies

acquiredhelicopters,thoughmosteventuallygotclothesdryers-buthisbeliefthatlf-sufficiencywasbothdesirableand

inevitablewaswidelyshared.

twarAmericanhousingstylelargelyreflectedtheAmericans’.

[A]prosperityandgrowth

[B]efficiencyandpracticality

[C]restraintandconfidence

[D]prideandfaithfulness

fthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3aboutBauhaus?

[A]ItwasfoundedbyLudwigMiesvanderRohe.

[B]ItsdesigningconceptwasaffectedbyWorldWarII.

[C]MostAmericanarchitectsudtobeassociatedwithit.

[D]IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.

ldthateleganceofarchitecturaldesign.

[A]wasrelatedtolargespace

[B]wasidentifiedwithemptiness

[C]wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration

[D]wasnotassociatedwithefficiency

trueabouttheapartmentsMiesbuildingChicago’sLakeShoreDrive?

[A]Theyignoreddetailsandproportions.

[B]Theywerebuiltwithmaterialspopularatthattime.

[C]Theyweremorespaciousthanneighboringbuildings.

[D]Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.

nwelearnaboutthedesignofthe“CaStudyHou”

[A]Mechanicaldeviceswerewidelyud.

[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration

[C]Detailsweresacrificedfortheoveralleffect.

[D]Eco-friendlymaterialswereemployed.

Text4

Willthentheproject’s

greatestcheerleaderstalkofacontinentfacinga“Bermudatriangle”ofdebt,populationdeclineandlowergrowth.

Aswellasthochronicproblems,theEUfaceanacutecrisisinitconomiccore,the16countriesthatuthesingle

shavelostfaiththattheeurozone’conomies,weakerorstronger,willonedayconvergethankstothe

disciplineofsharingasinglecurrency,whichdeniesuncompetitivemembersthequickfixofdevaluation.

YetthedebateabouthowtosaveEurope’uckbecautheeuro

zone’sdominantpowers,FranceandGermany,agreeontheneedforgreaterharmonizationwithintheeurozone,but

disagreeaboutwhattoharmonies.

Germanythinkstheeuromustbesavedbystricterrulesonborrowspendingandcompetitiveness,barkedbyquasi-

ightincludethreatstofreezeEUfundsforpoorerregions

andEUmega-projectsandeventhesuspensionofacountry’ststhat

15

economicco-ordinationshouldinvolveall27membersoftheEUclub,amongwhomthereisasmallmajorityforfree-

marketliberalismandeconomicrigour;intheinnercorealone,Germanyfears,asmallmajorityfavourFrenchinterference.

A“southern”campheadedbyFrenchwantssomethingdifferent:”Europeaneconomicgovernment”withinaninner

ated,thatmeanspoliticiansinterveninginmonetarypolicyandasystemofredistribution

fromrichertopoorermembers,viacheaperborrowingforgovernmentsthroughcommonEurobondsorcompletefiscal

y,figuresclototheFrancegovernmenthavemurmured,curo-zonemembersshouldagreetosomefiscal

andsocialharmonization:e.g.,curbingcompetitionincorporate-taxratesorlabourcosts.

instheworld’est,theEuropeanprojectis

remarkablyliberal:builtaroundasinglemarketof27richandpoorcountries,itsinternalbordersarefarmoreopento

goods,ambitiousattempttobluntthesharpestedgesof

globalization,andmakecapitalismbenign.

sfacedwithsomanyproblemsthat.

[A]ithasmoreorlesslostfaithinmarkets

[B]evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcerned

[C]someofitsmembercountriesplantoabandoneuro

[D]itintendstodenythepossibilityofdevaluation

ateovertheEU’ssinglecurrencyisstuckbecauthedominantpowers.

[A]arecompetingfortheleadingposition

[B]arebusyhandlingtheirowncris

[C]failtoreachanagreementonharmonization

[D]disagreeonthestepstowardsdisintegration

etheeuroproblem,Germanypropodthat.

[A]EUfundsforpoorregionsbeincread

[B]stricterregulationsbeimpod

[C]onlycoremembersbeinvolvedineconomicco-ordination

[D]votingrightsoftheEUmembersbeguaranteed

nchproposalofhandlingthecrisisimpliesthat____.

［A］poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfunds

［B］strictmonetarypolicywillbeappliedtopoorcountries

［C］loanswillbereadilyavailabletorichcountries

［D］richcountrieswillbasicallycontrolEurobonds

ingthefutureoftheEU,theauthoremstofeel____.

［A］pessimistic

［B］desperate

［C］conceited

［D］hopeful

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondsto

uransweron

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

SuchamovecouldaffectfirmssuchasMcDonald’s,whichsponsorstheyouthcoachingschemerunbytheFootball

-foodchainsshouldalsostopoffering“inducements”suchastoys,cuteanimalsandmobilephonecreditto

lureyoungcustomers,Stephensonsaid.

ProfessorDineshBhugra,presidentoftheRoyalCollegeofPsychiatrists,said:“Ifchildrenaretaughtaboutthe

impactthatfoodhasontheirgrowth,andthatsomethingscanharm,atleastinformationisavailableupfront.”

Healsourgedcouncilstoimpo“fast-food-freezones”aroundschoolandhospitals-areaswithinwhich

takeawayscannotopen.

16

ADepartmentofHealthspokespersonsaid:“Weneedtocreateanewvisionforpublichealthwhereallofsociety

cludescreatinganew‘responsibilitydeal’withbusiness,builton

socialresponsibility,hisyear,wewillpublishawhitepaperttingoutexactlyhowwewill

achievethis.”

Thefoodindustrywillbealarmedthatsuchniordoctorsbacksuchradicalmoves,especiallythecalltou

someofthetoughtacticsthathavebeendeployedagainstsmokingoverthelastdecade.

Lansleyheldthat

eStephensonagreed

liveremedtobelievethat

Bhugrasuggestedthat

tmentofHealthSpokespersonpropdthat

[A]“fattaxes”shouldbeimpodonfast-foodproducerssuchasMcDonald’s.

thegovernmentshouldbanfast-foodoutletsintheneighborhoodofschools.

[C]“lecturing”wasaneffectivewaytoimproveschoollunchesinEngland.

[D]cigarette-stylewarningsshouldbeintroducedtochildrenaboutthedangersofapoordiet.

[E]theproducersofcrispsandcandiescouldcontributesignificantlytotheChange4Lifecampaign.

[F]parentsshouldtgoodexamplesfortheirchildrenbykeepingahealthydietathome.

[G]thegovernmentshouldstrengthenthenofresponsibilityamongbusiness.

46．Direction：

ateitintoChine,writeyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.

(15points)

Whowouldhavethoughtthat,globally,theITindustryproducesaboutthesamevolumesofgreenhougasasthe

world’sairlinesdo-rough2percentofallCO2emissions?

earchcanleakbetween0.2and7.0gramsof

CO2dependingonhowmanyattemptsareneededtogetthe“right”verresultstoitsursquickly,then,

Googlehastomaintainvastdatacentresroundtheworld,roducinglarge

quantitiesofCO2,thecomputermitagreatdealofheat,sothecentresneedtobewellair-conditioned,whichuven

moreenergy.

17

However,Googleandotherbringis

thefirststepontheroadtoreduction,butthereismuchtobedone,andnotjustbybigcompanies.

2012年研究生入学考试真题

Section1UofEninglish

Directions:

mindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmerican

militaryadventurism,butthat’enandwomenwho1)inWorldWarIIand

thepeopletheyliberated,2)mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhis

home,theguywho3)alltheburdensofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4)offood

andshelter,snotavolunteersoldier,not

someonewellpaid,5)anaverageguy,up6)thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemies

enincenturies.

amilitaryabbreviation7)GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthe

article8)

Acommonnameforaguywhonever9)w,JoeMagrac…aworkingclass

tedStateshas10)hadapresidentorvicepresidentorcretaryofstateJoe.

a(11)careerfightingGerman,Japane,rsasacharacter,ora

(12)ofamericanpersonalities,,badonthelastdaysofwar

18

thesoldiersPyle(13)sfamous

forcoveringthe(14)sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow–and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymiles

were(15)orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports(16)the“willie”cartoonsoffamedStarsand

n(17)thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the(18)ofcivilizationthatthe

soldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.(19)Egypt,France,

andadozenmorecountries,anyAmericansoldier,(20)themostimportantpersonintheirlives.

1.[A]performed[B]rved[C]rebelled[D]betrayed

2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[D]normal

3.[A]bore[B]cad[C]removed[D]loaded

4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]propertoes

5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence

6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[D]against

7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming

8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[D]pasddown

9.[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed

10.[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither

11.[A]disguid[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished

12.[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony

13.[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned

14.[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human

15.[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained

16.[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted

17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired

18.[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advancea

19.[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond

20.[A]onthecontrary[B]bythismeans[C]fromtheoutt[D]atthatpoint

SectionIIResdiongComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,ur

answersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsit

districtsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,are

unately,dhasproducedaninflexible

policywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcours,homeworkmaynolongercount

formorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.

Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmight

nly,nohomework

hedistrictisntially

givingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoing

riskilyclototheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.

Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofschooling:teachersareallowedtoassign

hhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscan

19

easilysudentsmightdo

wellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellon

thetestsanddidtheirhomework

herthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworks

bestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposaflat,across-the-boardrule.

Atthesametime,istrict

findshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceor

eliminatetheassignments,ly,ifhomeworkdoesnothing

toensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.

Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsiblefortting

educationalpolicy,dto

dohomeworkright.

pliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework_____.

[A]isreceivingmorecriticism

[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual

[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcours

[D]isgainingmorepreferences

dhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecaupoorstudents_____.

[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation

[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard

[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework

[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework

ingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay____.

[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework

[B]resultinstudents'indifferencetotheirreportcards

[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests

[D]restrictteachers'powerineducation

ionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether______.[A]it

shouldbeeliminated

[B]itcountsmuchinschooling

[C]itplacextraburdensonteachers

[D]itisimportantforgrades

bletitleforthistextcouldbe______.

[A]WrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolicy

[B]AWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudents

[C]ThornyQuestionsaboutHomework

[D]AFaultyApproachtoHomework

Text2

Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsdwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinour

younggirls’tthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,though

itmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusgirls’

prentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutavidenceof

garound,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.

20

Girls’attractiontopinkmayemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJo

Paoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,enwerenotcolour-codedatalluntilthe

early20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,

’smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhat

rrycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactually

consideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,,

withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,otuntil

themid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandxdifferencesbecameadominantchildren’smarketingstrategy,

thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefined

themasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

Ihadnotrealidhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,

edthatpha

wassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofrearchintochildren’sbehaviour:ut,

acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularidasamarketingtrickby

clothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.

Tradepublicationscounlleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasales,theyshouldcreatea

“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’nlyafter“toddler”becamea

commonshoppers’ingkids,or

adults,oftheeasiestwaysto

gmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.

ng"itis...therainbow"(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink______.

[A]shouldnotbethesolereprentationofgirlhood

[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

[C]cannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination

[D]cannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

ingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours

[A]Coloursareencodedingirls'DNA.

[B]Blueudtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.

[C]Pinkudtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.

[D]Whiteispreferedbybabies.

horsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuch

influencedby_____.

[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren

[B]theobrvationofchildren'snature

[C]rearchesintochildren'sbehavior

[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption

earnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvidto_____.

[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes

[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups

[D]createsomecommonshoppers'terms

econcludedthatgirls'attractiontopinkemstobe____.

[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency

21

[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

[C]mainlyimpodbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen

[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

Text3

aljudgeshookAmerica'ieshadwonpatentsfor

isolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%arch2010ajudge

technologyIndustry

Organisation(BIO)，atradegroup，assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminarystep”inalonger

battle.

OnJuly29ththeywererelieved，alappealscourtoverturnedtheprior

decision，rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawoman's

efexecutiveofMyriad，acompanyinUtah，saidtherulingwasablessingto

firmsandpatientsalike.

Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalidmedicine，thecourtswillremainratherbusy.

TheMyriadcaitlfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents：a

geneisaproductofnature，soitmaynotbepatented；genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthan

rewardit；andpatents'monopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriad'ngnumber

berthe

DepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadca，arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessa

productofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenparatedfromcottoneds.”

Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision，mple，itisunclear

whetherthequemay

yetreachtheSupremeCourt.

AStheindustryadvances,however,iesareunlikely

tofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostarealreadypatentedorinthepublic

renowstudyinghowgenesintcract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeudtodetermine

thecausofdiaorpredictadrug’fficacy,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor‘connectingthe

dits’,expaainshanssauer,alawyerfortheBIO.

Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichthe

rtcentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedddionsto

etingwaspacked.

elearnedfromparagraphIthatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike-----

xecutivestobeactive

toruleoutgenepatenting

obepatcntablc

toissueawarning

hoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat----

ctestsarenotreliable

n-madeproductsarepatentable

songenesdependmuchoninnovatiaon

shouldrestrictaccesstogenetictests

22

ingtohanssauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor----

ishingdiacomelations

eringgeneinteractions

gpicturesofgenes

fyinghumanDNA

34．Bysaying“eachmeetingwaspacked”(line4,para6)theauthormeansthat-----

remecourtwasauthoritative

wasapowerfulorganization

tentingwasagreatconcern

swerekeentoattendconventiongs

llyspeaking,theauthor’sattitudetowardgenepatentingis----

al

tive

ul

ive

Text4

Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,itends,

itwillimately,itis

likelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.

Noonetriesharderid

thatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways;theyhadbecomeless

materialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent;ted

respects,eryleast,ithasawokenusfromour

nationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhous,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonal

spending.

Butforthemostpart,thebenefitsemthin,uncertain,oralConquencesof

EconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidethe

U.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spirited

andlessinclusive,-immigrant

ntimenttypicallyincreas,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclass.

Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone,.Indeed,thisperiod

ofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaopportunitiestocrossthem---especially

earchofTillVonWachter,theeconomistinColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhat

notallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionetheirlifechancesdimmed:thowithdegreesfromelite

universitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwiwouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbetter

times;itisthemassbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.

Intheinternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoetherentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwinthin

fficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningprecilyhowtheleantimesareaffecting

society’respects,esociallytolerantenteringthisressionthanatany

timeinitshistory,andavarie

23

willhavycertainlyit,

andallthemoresothelongertheyextend.

ng“tofindsilverlinings”（Line1,Para.2）theauthorsuggestthatthejoblesstryto___.

[A]eksubsidiesfromthegovemment

[B]explorereasonsfortheunermployment

[C]makeprofitsfromthetroubledeconomy

[D]lookonthebrightsideoftherecession

ingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople_____.

[A]realizethenationaldream

[B]struggleagainsteachother

[C]challengetheirlifestyle

[D]reconsidertheirlifestyle

inFriedmanbelievethateconomicrecessionsmay_____.

[A]impoaheavierburdenonimmigrants

[B]bringoutmoreevilsofhumannature

[C]Promotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms

[D]eaconflictsbetweenracesandclass

earchofTillVonWachthersuggeststhatinrecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto

_____.

[A]lagbehindtheothersduetodecreadopportunities

[B]catchupquicklywithexperiencedemployees

[C]etheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothers’

[D]recovermorequicklythantheothers

horthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis____.

[A]certain

[B]positive

[C]trivial

[D]destructive

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthat

retwoextrachoicesintheright

uranswersonANSWERSHEERT1.(10points)

“Universalhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedinthisworld,isatbottomtheHistoryof

theGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”,notanymoreitis

not.

Suddenly,uldbenomorethan

apassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:less

concerne,wewantempathy,

notinspiration.

24

FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylives

1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDeVirisIllustribus–OnFamousMen,

highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)chcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconquering

sthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonits

rince,thechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyand

justice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.

Overtime,anticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersand

authorsoftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist'

contrast,theVictorianauthorSamualSmileswroteSelf-Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesof

engineers,industrialistsandexplores."Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepoweroflf-help,

ifpatientpurpo,resoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformulationoftrulynobleand

manycharacter,exhibit,"wroteSmiles."whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimlf"His

biographiesofJamesWalt,RichardArkwrightandJosiahWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidethe

workingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.

ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocudhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesof

MartinLuther,pochalfiguresreprentedliveshardto

imitate,buttobeacknowledgedasposssinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.

m,historydidnothing,itpossdnoimmenwealthnorwaged

battles:“Itisman,real,livingmanwhodoesallthat.”Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassand

,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsand

:“Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustas

theyplea;theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschonbythemlves,butundercircumstances

directlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast.”

eofThomasCarlyle,

BritainnurturedChristopherHill,yfrombelowstoodalongside

ewrealmsofunderstanding—fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies—

ransformedpublichistorytoo:

downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.

25

SectionIIITranslation

ions:

ourtranslationonANSWER

SHEET2.(15points)

Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospect

oftherbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedeveloped

world,ThearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritian,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractby

usingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.

Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikely

rveyofIndianhouholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethan

ahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%"braindrain"has

longbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries,Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemof

much-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsand

comeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.

SectionIVWriting

ions

Suppoyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlin

storetheotherday,Writeanemailtothecustomerrvicecenterto

1)makeacomplaintand

2)demandapromptsolution

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSERESHEET2

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter,U"zhangwei"instead.

48、writingyoushould

1)describethetable,and

2)giveyourcomments

Youshouldwriteatleast150words(15points)

某公司员工工作满意度调查

年龄-------满意

度

满意不清楚不满意

小于等于40岁

16.7%50.0%

33．3%

41-50岁

0.0%36.0%64.0%

大于50岁

40.050.0%10.0%

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题标准答案

ctionIUofEnglish（10points）

1.D2.C3.B4.A5.A

26

6.B7.D8.C9.B10.A

11.C12.D13.D14.A15.C

16.B17.D18.C19.A20.B

SectionⅡReadingcomprehension

partA

21.D22.A23.B24.C25.C

26.A27.C28.B29.D30.B

31.A32.A33.D34.C35.B

36.D37.A38.C39.B40.D

PartB

41.F42.T43.F44.T45.F

SectionⅢTranslation

最近，“承受力”成了一个流行词，但对TedNing来说，他对其含义有自己亲身的体会。在经历了一段无法承受的痛苦生活后，他清楚的认识到，旨在提高承

受力的价值观只有通过每日的行为和抉择才能得到体现。

Ning回忆起九十年代后期销售保险那困惑的一年。在经历了网络泡沫的膨胀和破灭后，他急需找到一份工作，因此就与Boulder公司签了约。

但情况并不顺利。“这的确是糟糕的一步，因为它激不起我的工作热情，”Ning说。不出所料，工作上的进退维谷造成他销售业绩不佳。“我很痛苦，愁肠百

结，常常在半夜惊醒，望着天花板发愣。我身无分文，需要这份工作。大家都说，‘等等看，过一段时间情况会好转的。’”

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题阅卷标准答案

SectionIUofEnglish

1．A2．C3．B4．D5．D6．B7．A8．C9．C10．B

11．D12．B13．A14．C15．A16．A17．D18．A19．C20．D

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Text1

21.[B]failingtofulfillherduty.

22.[D]independentadvirs.

23.[C]dolesswellinthestockmarket.

24.[A]maystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirm.

25.[D]critical.

Text2

26.[D]wereinadesperatesituation.

27.[B]newspaperswantedtoreducecosts.

27

28.[C]arelessdependentonadvertising.

29.[A]Distinctivenessisanesntialfeatureofnewspapers..

30.[A]AmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvival

Text3

31.[C]restraintandconfidence.

32.[D]IthadagreatinfluenceuponAmericanarchitecture.

33.[C]wasnotreliantonabundantdecoration.

34.[D]Theysharedsomecharacteristicsofabstractart.

35.[B]Naturalscenesweretakenintoconsideration.

Text4

36.[B]evenitssupportersbegintofeelconcerned

37.[C]failtoreachanagreementonharmonization

38.[B]stricterregulationsbeimpod.

39.[A]poorcountriesaremorelikelytogetfunds

40.[D]hopeful

PartB

41.E42.D43.C44.B45.G

2012考研英语二真题答案

完形填空：

1.B2.B3.A4.A5.C

6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B

11.D12.B13.C14.D15.B

16.A17.C18.B19.B20.D

TEXT1：

21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D

TEXT2：

26.A27.B28.A29.C30.C

TEXT3：

31.C32.B33.A34.D35.D

TEXT4：

36.D37.D38.B39.D40.A

28

新题型：

41-45：AFGCE