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Unit9

Task1

【答案】

PanelOpinions

1stpenallist:Philip

Barnes

Computershavealreadychangedourlives.

2ndpenallist:Miss

Anderson

Computershavechangedourlives,butIdon'twantmy

lifechanged.

3rdpenallist:Arthur

Haines

s

canbekeptof

swillbekeptofallourprivate

puter

isthegreatestdisasterofthe20thcentury.

4thpenallist:Phyllis

Archer

nventedbypeople;itis

thecomputerisadisaster,thenpeopleareadisaster.

【原文】

Compere:.

Moore?

:Doesthepanelthinkthatcomputerswillchangeourlives?

Compere:

Barnes?

PhilipBarnes:ssismoreefficient.

Planesandtrainsprovideabetterrvice...

MissAnderson:Justamoment,berightaboutbusiness,buthow

manypeoplehavelosttheirjobsbecauofcomputers?Computers

havechangedourlives,butIdon'twantmylifechanged.

ArthurHaines:Excume,'retalkingaboutourlives,notyourlife.

scanbekept

myopinion,thecomputeristhegreatestdisasterofthe20thcentury.

PhyllisArcher:CouldIinterrupt?ArthurHainessaysthecomputerisadisaster,but

nventedbypeople;itisudby

omputerisadisaster,thenpeopleareadisaster.

Compere:Thankyou,ou,nkyou,Mrs.

Moore.

Task2

【答案】

A.

1)Itincludesa9-inchTVscreen,akeyboardwith46numbersandcharactersonit,a

printer,andtwodiskdrives.

2)It'sallcontainedrightonthefloppydisk.

3)It’smuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatonecanmovewordsorntencesfrom

placetoplaceormakecorrectionsorchangesrightonthescreen,andneverhaveto

eraonpaper.

4)Itcanhelphimmakeamonthlybudgetforhishouholdwithelectronic

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spreadsheetsoftware.

B.

1)loadsyourprogramintothemachine

2)typewriter,typewriter,

3)turningthecomputeronandloadingaprogram

4)thedifferentthingstheprogramcando

【原文】

Narrator:ForHarveyVanRunkle,itwasloveatfirstsight,orshouldwesay,loveat

firstbyte?Really,itis64,000bytes—that'sthesizeofthememoryonhis

e,

Charlotte,hadnthimouttobuyanewtoaster,whenhefoundhimlf

standinginfrontofacomputerdisplayattheBANANAComputerStore.

Salesman:Yes,ladiesandgentlemen,thislittlecomputerisgoingtochangeyourlives.

Justconsiderthehardware:’syour

eakeyboardwith46numbersand

eaprinterthatwillgiveyoupaperprintoutsof

etwodiskdrives—oneinsidethe

mputercandoanything!Now

let’ldliketotrythenew

BANANA-3computer?You,ghtupandtry

theBANANA-3.

Harvey:What'sad-diskdrive?

Salesman:That'sthepartofthecomputerthatloadsyourprogramintothemachine.

Harvey:'saprogram?

Salesman:Theprogram?That'''sall

tructionsonthisdisktell

thecomputerwhattodo.

Harvey:Oh,aystellsmewhattodo.

Salesman:ttypeofprogramwouldyoulike?Ihaveword

processing,Ihaveelectronicspreadsheet...

Harvey:What'swordprocessing?

Salesman:'smuch

movewordsorntencesfromplaceto

erhave

'sawonderfullittleprogram!Wouldyouliketotryit,

Mr...

Harvey:VanRunkle.I'veneverudacomputerbefore...

Salesman:It'estartupthemachine,andthenbootupaprogram.

Harvey:Bootup?

Salesman:That'scomputertalkforturningthecomputeronandloadingaprogram.

ookatthemenu.

Harvey:Menu?ButIjusthadlunch.I'mnothungry.

Salesman:No,aprogrammenu,sthe

mple,herewehave"file".If

youlectfile,youcanchoowhichofyourdocumentsyouwanttowork

e’s“edit”.Thisgivesyouwaystocorrectyourdocument.

Harvey:Gee,thisisgreat!There'sonlyoneproblem.

Salesman:What'sthat?

Harvey:Idon'thaveanydocuments.I'maplumber.

Salesman:Butyouhavebills,don'tyou?

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Harvey:Yeah,but...

Salesman:Well,withourelectronicspreadsheetsoftware,youcanmakeamonthly

budgetforyourhouhold.

Harvey:,Charlotte,doesthat.

Salesman:Well,nowyoucandoit,Harvey.

Harvey:Idon'tknow...

Salesman:Andyouhavefriends,don'tyou?

Harvey:Yeah,wellthere'smybrother-in-lawBob...

Salesman:Great!YoucanwriteletterstoBobonyournewBANANA-3computer!

Harvey:hisit?

Salesman:aveacreditcard?

Harvey:Well,sure...

Salesman:,getHarveyheresignedup,willyou?HewantsaBANANA-3

,steprightup,

computercandoanything!

Task3

【答案】

A.

1)Theyareimportantbecautheyareabletomeasurequantitiessuchalectricity

andtemperature.

2)Digitalcomputers.

3)Onlyonepersonatatimecanuthem.

4)Itisbecautheirownersdonotspendenoughtimelearninghowtooperatethem

efficiently.

5)Eachpersonwhousaminicomputerhasacomputerterminalthatisconnectedto

ehelpoftheoperatingsystem,the

CPUisabletodivideitstimeandperformforalltheurs.

B.

SimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweenMicrocomputersand

Minicomputers

Similarities

1．Theyaretwokindsofcommondigitalcomputers.

2．Bothofthemcanbeudinsmallbusiness.

3．EachcomputerhasonlyoneCPU.

Differences

mputersarelargerthanmicrocomputers.

omputersareudmorefrequentlyinlargeofficesand

businessthaninsmallbusiness.

anonepersoncanuaminicomputeratthesametime.

【原文】

Therearetwoprimarykindsofcomputers:analogcomputersanddigital

youareascientist,youprobablywillnotuanalogcomputers.

Thecomputersareimportantbecautheyareabletomeasurequantitiessuchas

electricityandtemperature.

Incontrast,gital

mple,digital

computersthatmonitorairplanesflyinginandoutofairportsarebuiltonlyforthat

gitalcomputers,though,canbeudtohelpsolvemanykindsof

hem,microcomputersandminicomputersaretwokindsof

commondigitalcomputers.

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Microcomputers,alsocalledpersonalcomputers,arethenewestcomputers.

,however,aresosmall

ecomputer

manufacturersproduceanenormousamountofcomputerhardware,itispossiblefor

ore,wenowethemachinesin

manyhomes,schools,sonedisadvantagetothecomputers,

,manypeoplewhobuy

expertssaythatalmosthalfofallmicro-computersarenotudoftenbecautheir

ownersdonotspendenoughtimelearninghowtooperatethemefficiently.

Likemicrocomputers,r,

theyarelargerthanmicrocomputersandareudmorefrequentlyinlargeofficesand

rdifferenceisthatmorethanoneperson

rson

whousaminicomputerhasacomputerterminalthatisconnectedtothe

nthoughmorethanonepersoncanua

minicomputer,ehelpoftheoperatingsystem,

theCPUisabletodivideitstimeandperformforalltheurs.

Task4

【答案】

A.

1)Itwasn'tthetypicallowmechanicalvoicethatsoundedlikearecordbeingplayed

harmtoit.

2)Lupahadonceheardthatevenasophisticatedanalogcomputercouldn'tpickup

certainsubtletiesintheEnglishlanguage,nomatterhowgoodtheprogrammingis.

3)WhenLupastoodupandwalkedaroundtheroom,itwavidenttoherthat

somewhereinthebuilding,listeningthroughanintercomwassomeonewitha

microphone.

B.

1)They'saresuppodtonameme.I'mdreadingthe

wholething,believeme.

2)Youknowsomething;Ithoughtyou'cetodayIwashopingI'd

getsomeonewhowouldn'ttrytobeattheprogram.

3)Youwouldn'thappentoknowwhatdayoftheweekSeptemberthefourteenth,

1321,fellon,wouldyou?

ItwasaSunday;buthowdoyouknowwhetherI'mright?Thankyouforvisiting

thecomputerexhibit.

【原文】

wasn'tthetypicallowmechanicalvoicethatsoundedlikearecordbeingplayedattoo

harmtoit.

"Doyouhaveaname?"Lupaasked.

"Notyet,"thecomputeranswered."They'sare

suppodtonameme.I'mdreadingthewholething,believeme."

NowLupathoughtthiswasclever,thewaytheyhadprogrammedthecomputer.

onceheard

thatevenasophisticatedanalogcomputercouldn'tpickupcertainsubtletiesinthe

Englishlanguage,nomatterhowgoodtheprogrammingis,soshedecidedtogiveita

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try.

"Mypawsgivemepau,"shesaid.

Thecomputerwassilent.

"Mypawsgivemepau,"Luparepeated."It'saclauwithoutclaws."

Lupawaitedinsilenceforarespon.

"Youknowsomething,"thecomputersaid."Ithoughtyou'

oncetodayIwashopingI'dgetsomeonewhowouldn'ttrytobeattheprogram."

Lupasmiled."Thiswasmarvelous,"shethoughttoherlf."They'dthoughtof

everything."

"Sorry,"shesaid."Midispiace."

"Ah,youspeakItalian,"thecomputersaidwithsomesarcasm.

"Qui,d'accord,"Lupaanswered."C'estvrai."

"AndFrench,neitheroneis

,ifyou'llexcume,'sclosingtime."

videnttoherthat

somewhereinthebuilding,listeningthroughanintercomwassomeonewitha

ughtabouthowtotestforthis.

"Youwouldn'thappentoknowwhatdayoftheweekSeptemberthefourteenth,

1321,fellon,wouldyou?"Lupaasked.

"ItwasaSunday,"thecomputeranswered,"buthowdoyouknowwhetherI'm

right?Thankyouforvisitingthecomputerexhibit."

Task5

【答案】

A.

1)b)2)c)

B.

1)F2)F3)F4)T

C.

ComputerTalkWhatdoesItMean?

OnlineTostartorwork

OfflineTodisconnectitortakeitoutofthesystem

TointerfaceTodosomethingsothatdifferentcomputerpartsorsoftwarecan

worktogether

ToaccessTomakeinformationavailable

【原文】

wecanbeginnowifyou',todayIwanttotalktoyou

aboutcomputers,abouttheimpactofcomputersonhowwetalk,onthewayswetalk.

Nowofcourweallknowthatcomputershavechangedourlivesinmanyways.

's

hardtothinkofanythingwedothathasn'mple,

computersallowustogetmoneydirectlyfromourbankaccountsatcashmachines.

Athospitals,

ucomputerstohelpusdecidewhichcolortopaintourhous,whichhairstylesto

have,orwhichdressorsuitswouldlookgoodonus--lotsofprofessionaland

ersaresimplyapartofourlives,and,Ithinkitissafetosay,

'dliketolookattodayishowtheuofcomputers

hashadanimpactonourlanguage--howcomputershavechangedtheexpressionswe

say,thewordsweu.

First,reexamplesfromEnglishthatI'd

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eatanofficesays,"We'd

liketohavetheprojectonlinebynextMonday."Incomputertalk"online"means

statementmeansthatwe'dliketohavetheprojectstarted

andgoingbynextMonday.

emightsay,"Let's

takethisdiscussionofflineuntiltomorrow."Totakeacomputer"offline"meansto

youthinkitmeanstotakea

discussionoffline?Totakeadiscussion"offline"

examplemeans"let'sstopdiscussingthisnowandtalkaboutittomorrow."

Thethirdexampleis:"I'lltrytointerfacemyplanswithyours."To"interface",in

computertalk,meanstodosomethingsothatdifferentcomputerpartsorsoftwarecan

"I'lltrytointerfacemyplanswithyours"meansthat"I'lltryto

changemyplanstofitwithyours."Peoplestillsay,ofcour,"I'lltrytochangemy

planstofitwithyours."Butnowwemightalsostarttohearpeoplesay,"I'lltryto

interfacemyplanswithyours,"or"Let'seifwecaninterfaceourschedulessothat

wecanmeetnextweek."

Let’rthexamplemighttakeplaceathome.

Someonesays,”Ijustcan’taccesswhereIleftmycarkeys.”Incomputertalkto

“access”’taccesswhereIleft

mykeys,Idon’uldbeanother

waytosaythis?Ofcour,wecouldalsosay,“Ican’trememberwhereIputmy

keys.”

Task6

【答案】

1)Cyberethics.

2)Itwillfocusonteachingeducatorshowtoteachtheirstudentscyberethics.

3)Becauit’snotdoneverballysothatpeoplecanoverhearit;theythinkit’s

anonymousontheInternet.

4)ShewasaformerprincipalandanadjunctprofessoratMarymountUniversity,

teachingcurriculumdevelopmentandtechnologyintheclassroom.

5)Youngcomputerursdonotehacking,e-mailthreats,cybertalking,Intellectual

PropertyRightsviolationsandvirusdistributionascrimes.

6)Shesaidthatitissomethingthatneedstobeinstructedasroutinecurriculum,and

studentshouldknowthatthebehaviorsareasunacceptableincyberspaceasin

thephysicalrealm.

【原文】

AlthoughschoolsaredoingabetterjobatteachingchildrenhowtoutheInternet,

theyarenotaddressingcyberethics."CyberEthics:TeachingResponsibleUof

Technology"willfocusonteachingeducatorshowtoteachtheirstudentscyberethics.

WhentypicalcrimesarecommittedontheInternet,studentsdonotethemasa

crime,saidCherieGeide,theconferencedirector.

"Theydon''smore

inkit's

anonymousontheInternet,"saidGeide,aformerprincipalandanadjunctprofessorat

MarymountUniversity,teachingcurriculumdevelopmentandtechnologyinthe

classroom.

Geidesaidyoungcomputerursdonotehacking,e-mailthreats,cybertalking,

IntellectualPropertyRightsviolations,suchasinsoftwareormusic,andvirus

distributionascrimes.

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"Thisissomethingthatneedstobeinstructedasroutinecurriculum,"shesaid,"that

thisbehaviorisasunacceptableincyberspaceasinthephysicalrealm.

Task7

【答案】

A.

1)It'sMicrosoft'sSANTAthatthekidscan'tresist;it'stheultimatesoftwarewitha

traditionaltwist—recommendedbynolessthanthejollyoldelf,andonthe

package,apictureofSantahimlf.

2)Fatherdidlast-minuteInternetshopping;MumandIhadjustttleddownfora

longwinter’snap.

B.

1)notacreaturewasstirring,exceptfather'puterwashumming;the

iconswerehopping

2)werehungnexttothemodemwithcareinthehopethatSantawouldbringnew

software

3)werenestledallsnugintheirbeds,withvisionsofcomputergamesfillingtheir

leads

4)nowhadbeenre-routedtoWashingtonStatewhereSanta'sworkshophadbeen

movedbyBillGates

5)nowfindshe'sanewbillionaire;withashinyredPorscheinplaceofhissleigh,

andahouonLakeWashingtonjustdownthewayfromwhereBillhashis

mansion;preensinblackGuccibootsandredCalvinKleinjeans

6)nomoredollsortinsoldiersorlittletoydrams,onlycompactdiskROMswiththe

Microsoftlabel

7)anewChristmasstar,ownedbytheMicrosoftguy

8)turnedonwithaJingle-Bellssound,asIsprangfrommybedandwasturning

around

9)asmilingBillGatesnexttojollyoldSanta,twoarm-in-armmates

exclaiminvoicessobright,haveaMicrosoftChristmas,andtoallagoodnight

【原文】

ItwasthenightbeforeChristmas,andallthroughthehounotacreaturewas

stirring,exceptfather'puterwashumming;theiconswerehopping,

asfatherdidlast-minuteInternetshopping.

ThestockingswerehungnexttothemodemwithcareinthehopethatSanta

ldrenwerenestledallsnugintheirbeds,with

visionsofcomputergamesfillingtheirleads.

TheletterstoSantahadbeenntoutbyMum,tosanta@,

whichnowhadbeenre-routedtoWashingtonStatewhereSanta'sworkshophadbeen

elvesandthereindeerhadhadtoskedaddletoflashy

newquartersinsuburbanSeattle.

Alterlivingalifethatwassimpleandspare,Santanowfindshe'sanew

billionaire;withashinyredPorscheinplaceofhissleigh,andahouonLake

fellow

preensinblackGuccibootsandredCalvinKleinjeans.

Nomoredollsortinsoldiersorlittletoydramswillbeunderthetree,only

upyourdrivefromnowon,

ChristmasrunsonlyonWindows95.

It'sMicrosoft'sSANTAthatthekidscan'tresist;it'stheultimatesoftwarewitha

traditionaltwist—recommendedbynolessthanthejollyoldelf,andonthepackage,

apictureofSantahimlf.

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"Get'emyoung,keep'emlong"isMicrosoft'stheme;andamergerwithSantais

amarketer'sdream."TothetopoftheNASDAQ!TothetopoftheDow!Nowdash

away!Dashaway!Dashaway—wow!"

AndMuminherhandkerchiefandmeinmycap,hadjustttleddownfora

longwinter'tonthelawntherearosuchaclatter,thewhirrandthe

rnedtowardthatnewChristmasstarinthesky,the

angfrommybedandwasturning

around,mycomputerturnedonwithaJingle-Bellssound.

AndthereonthescreenwasasmilingBillGatesnexttojollyoldSanta,two

ardthemexclaiminvoicessobright,haveaMicrosoft

Christmas,andtoallagoodnight!

Task8

【答案】

A.

1)Youwouldneedacomputerbecauofits"memory"andspeed;acomputercan

considermorefactorsthanapersoncan.

2)Therervationclerkusamachinetorecordinformationaboutwhereyouwant

togoandtheflightnumberoftheplanethatwilltakeyoutoyourdestination.

3)Thecomputernotonlydetermineswhatatsareavailableatwhatprices,butitalso

printstheticketsatthesametime.

B.

1)thereisalimittothenumberofconsiderationsthehumanmindcan

2)analyzingthisfactorinrelationtoinformationaboutthebusinessthathasalready

beenprogrammed

3)inwhichcomputersarebeing

4)whetherornotthereisspaceforyou

lastparagraphbutoneinthescript.

【原文】

tryingtodecidewhetherornot

ldjustsaytoyourlf,

"'vesoldalotofbicyclesrecently,soIthinkweoughtto

expandourplant."

Oryoucouldconsidersuchquestionsasthefollowing:Howmuchwouldthe

changescost?Canthebicycle-ridingpopulationbeexpectedtoincreaordecrea?

Manysuchquestionswouldhavetobeanswered,butthereisalimittothenumberof

considerationsthehumanmindcantakeintoaccount.

Inasituationlikethis,eofits"memory"and

speed,ebicycle

manufacturerwonderhowtheweatherwillaffectbicyclesales?Thecomputercantell

himbyanalyzingthisfactorinrelationtoinformationaboutthebusinessthathasalready

beenprogrammedintothecomputer.

newrvantofmanisonlyabouttwenty-fiveyearsold,butithasalreadychangedthe

erthecitizenturns,hefindsa

computerworking.

toanyairline

llingyouaticket,therervationclerkusamachinethatlookslikea

typewritertorecordinformationaboutwhereyouwanttogoandtheflightnumberofthe

formationisntinstantlytoacentral

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conds,the

computerinformstheclerkwhetherornotthereisspaceforyouonthatplane.

ealsoemployedby

hotels,bycom-panicsthatrentcars,andbyofficesthatllticketstotheatersandsports

puternotonlydetermineswhatatsareavailableatwhatprices,butit

alsoprintstheticketsatthesametime.

Whencomputersareudinthewayjustdescribed,somepartofthesystemcan

ywhatoneesisamachinethatlookslikeatypewriter;itis

mple,

theydeterminehowmuchtimethereshouldbebetweentrafficsignalstopreventtraffic

ubuyan

automobile,afactoryprocessthatiscontrolledbyacomputerenablesyoutoobtainacar

withyourownchoiceofcoloursandspecialfeaturesinjustafewweeks'cal

laboratories,computershavereducedtheerrorsintesting,andtheyhavesaveddoctors

long,medicalhistoriesofallAmericanswillbekeptin

computer"banks".Ifapersonbecomesillfarfromhishome,localdoctorswillbeableto

nce,thecomputerhasperformedinminutes

experimentswhichwouldhaverequiredthousandsofhoursofworkbyhumanhandsand

minds.

TheUnitedStatesisnottheonlycountryaffectedbythe"computerrevolution".All

themajorcountriesoftheworldhavecomputers,andthedevelopingcountriesare

increasinglyawarethatcomputersplayabigpartintheireconomicadvancement.

Task9

【答案】

A.1)a)2)b)3)c)

B.1)T2)F3)F

C.

1)potentialcriminals:Computercrime

2)usinglessobviousandlesasilyrememberedpasswordsthatallowaccessto

3)limittheur'saccesstoinformationaswellastheoperationstheur

D.

er

mple,lessobviouspasswordsarebeing

ud,andaccess-controlsoftwareand"dialback"systemshavebeendeveloped.

Scramblingdevicesandaudittrailsarealsoavailable.

【原文】

Let',the

epunishingcomputercriminalsmore

etryingtondastrongmessagetopotentialcriminals:Computercrime

'recaughtdoingit,you'enasawayof

preventinghacking.

'sbeingimprovedbyusingless

passwordsshouldbegiventotheminimumnumberofpeople.

ftwarelimitstheur's

,forexample,

accesscontrolsoftwaremightonlyletursreadcertainfilesorprograms,butnotlet

theminputdata,andmaykeepthemoutofotherfilentirely.

Thenthereare"dialback"

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systemthenchecksthepasswordinadirectoryandcallstheurbackathisorher

opshackerswhoarecallingfromanothernumberfromgaining

accesstothesystem.

evices

scramblemessagessothathackerscan'nbeunscrambledand

lingisaveryeffectiveway

ofprotectinginformation.

railsmonitortheuofacomputer

uallypossibleto

identifyanyurwhogainedaccesstothesystemandwhentheaccessoccurred,making

itpossibletotracethehacker.

Well,thoaresomeofthemajorthingsthatarehappeningattheprenttimein

themiscompletelysatisfactory,buttogether

hanges,aswellastheimprovementsthatarecertainto

come,shouldinfluencepeopletostophackingbymakingitlessprofitableandmore

risky.

Task10

【原文】

"Theastronautsarereturningtoearthatexactly5:downwillbeinthe

Pacific,427cileswestofHawaii."

istscantellus

exactlywhenpace-capsulewillarriveonthemoon,forinstance,andexactlywhenitwill

heydoit?Well,

ofcour,lldosimplesumsonpaper,butwemustu

syouhaveenmechanical

ersaren'n'thave

d,theyworkonelectricalcircuitsandcandodifficult

nwork100milliontimesfasterthanthehuman

mind!