whereas

状语从句

状语从句的本质

英语中的状语从句有

9大类，分别可表示:时间、

地点、原因、结果、目的、

条件、让步、比较、方式。

尽管数目较多，但并不难理

解。从本质上讲，状语从

句就是用连词将几个分句

连接起来，以表达分句之

间特定的逻辑关系。

（1）GeorgeAnnas,chair

ofthehealthlawdepartment

atBostonUniversity,

maintainsthat,aslongasa

doctorprescribesadrugfor

alegitimatemedicalpurpo,

thedoctorhasdonenothing

illegalevenifthepatient

usthedrugtohastendeath.

"It'slikesurgery,"hesays.

"Wedon'tcallthodeaths

homicidesbecauthe

doctorsdidn'tintendtokill

theirpatients,althoughthey

'rea

physician,youcanriskyour

patient'ssuicideaslongas

youdon'tintendtheir

suicide."

（2）Noteveryone

agreesonthenumberof

Americanswhoare

tesrange

anywherefrom600,000to3

million.____thefiguremay

vary,analystsdoagreeon

anothermatter:thatthe

numberofthehomelessis

increasing.

tB.

ed

that

(3)Partoftheproblem

isthatmanyhomelessadults

areaddictedtoalcoholor

gnificant

numberofthehomeless

haveriousmental

hers，

______notaddictedor

mentallyill,simplylackthe

everydaysurvivalskills

neededtoturntheirlives

around.

.

s

（4）Strangely,somepeople

findthattheycansmellone

typeofflowerbutnot

another,____othersare

nsitivetothesmellsof

bothflowers.

.

Whereas

（5）Thephenomenon

providesawayfor

companiestoremain

globally

competitive____avoiding

marketcyclesandthe

growingburdensimpod

byemploymentrules,

healthcarecostsandpension

plans.

.

s

一、时间状语从句

在......之前

(1)EvenbeforeAlan

Greenspan'sadmissionthat

America'sred-hoteconomy

iscooling,lotsofworking

folkshadalreadyensigns

oftheslowdown

themlves.

(2)Duringveral

yearsofgamblinginthat

casino,Williams,astate

auditorearning$35,000a

year,lostapproximately

$175,ever

gambledbeforethecasino

nthimacouponfor$20

worthofgambling.

(3)TheGreeks

assumedthatthestructureof

languagehadsome

connectionwiththeprocess

ofthought,whichtookroot

inEuropelongbefore

peoplerealizedhowdiver

languagescouldbe

（4）Themineral

elementsfromthesoilthat

areusablebytheplantmust

bsdissolvedInthesoft

solutionbeforetheycanba

takenintotheroot.

的用法（atthat

time）

（1）Ingeneral,the

testsworkmosteffectively

whenthequalitiestobe

measuredcanbemost

precilydefinedandleast

effectivelywhenwhatisto

bemeasuredorpredicted

cannotbewelldefined.

的用法

(1)后接连续性动作

(duringthattime)

(2)表示“而........”

Thephenomenon

providesawayfor

companiestoremain

globally

competitive____avoiding

marketcyclesandthe

growingburdensimpod

byemploymentrules,

healthcarecostsandpension

plans.

.

s

(3)表示让步“虽

然.......”

Partoftheproblemis

thatmanyhomelessadults

areaddictedtoalcoholor

gnificant

numberofthehomeless

haveriousmental

hers，

______notaddictedor

mentallyill,simplylackthe

everydaysurvivalskills

neededtoturntheirlives

.

whileD.

whereas

的用法

（1）Untilrecently

mosthistoriansspokevery

criticallyoftheIndustrial

Revolution.（2）

Peopleinearliereraswere

surroundedbyremindersof

rkeduntil

exhausted,livedwithfew

protectionsanddiedyoung.

（3）In1997helast

$21000tooneslotmachine

h1997

helost$72,

sometimesplayedtwoslot

machinesatatime,allnight,

untiltheboatlockedat5

a.m.,thenwentbackaboard

whenthecasinoopenedat9

a.m.

(4)Aswasdiscusd

before,itwasnot____the

19thcenturythatthe

newspaperbecamethe

dominantpre-electronic

medium,followinginthe

wakeofthepamphletand

thebookandinthe

companyoftheperiodical.

.

二、地点状语从句

三、原因状语从句

（becau,as,since,for）

e

(1)_______theyare

adjustingtotheirnew

bodiesandawholehostof

newintellectualand

emotionalchallenges,

teenagersareespecially

lf-consciousandneedthe

confidencethatcomesfrom

achievingsuccessand

knowingthattheir

accomplishmentsare

admiredbyothers.

.

AlthoughC.

WhereasD.

Becau

(2)Theoriescentering

ontheindividualsuggest

thatchildrenengagein

criminalbehavior_____they

werenotsufficiently

penalizedforprevious

misdeedsorthattheyhave

learnedcriminalbehavior

throughinteractionwith

others.

.

becau

D

2.用介词表示因果关

系

常用的介词有becau

of,dueto,owingto。因为

是介词，所以后边只能接

名词，不能接从句。

3.复合连词表示原因

inthat(原因在于)

(1)Thegirlislikeher

mother仍thatshealsohas

verydelicatefeeling.

(2)Britain'spressis

unusualinthatitisdivided

intotwoverydifferenttypes

ofnewspaper:thequality

pressandthepopularpress.

(3)Vitaminsaresimilar

becautheyaremadeof

thesameelements--usually

carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,

andsometimesnitrogen.

Theyaredifferent____

theirelementsarearranged

differently.

atD.

exceptthat

(that》，now

(that)，considering(that)，

given(that)

它们都有“鉴于某个

事实，考虑到....”的意思。

(1)Seeingthatit's

raininghard,we'l1haveto

stayhereforthenight.

(2)Theydidthejob

verywell,consideringthat

theyhadnoexperience.

（3）Giventhattheyare

inexperienced,they'vedone

agoodjob.

(4)Nowthatthe

mesterisfinished,I'm

goingtorestafewdaysand

thentakeatrip.

(5)Nowthatyouare

sixteen,youcangeta

driver`slicen.

四、目的状语从句

1.常用连词sothat,in

orderthat

（1）FormerColorado

governorRichardLammhas

beenquotedassayingthat

theoldandinfirm"havea

dutytodieandgetoutofthe

way"sothatyounger,

healthierpeoplecanrealize

theirpotential.

（2）Intheactivities,

itisimportanttoremember

thatyoungteenshaveshort

tyof

activitiesshouldbe

organized____participants

canremainactiveaslongas

theywantandthengoonto

somethingelwithout

feelingguiltyandwithout

lettingtheotherparticipants

down.

B.

2.其他引导词lest,for

fear(that),inca也可引

导目的状语从句，译为“以

免”、“以防止”、“生

怕„„”

（1）They(scientists)

shouldbequicktorespond

toletterstotheeditor,lest

animalrights

misinformationgo

unchallengedandacquires

deceptiveappearanceof

truth.

（2）Whathas

happenedisthatpeople

cannotconfessfullytotheir

dreams,aasilyandopenly

asoncetheycould,lestthey

bethoughtpushing,

acquisitiveandvulgar.

结果状语从句

1.常用连词so......that.....,

such.....that.....,sothat,

suchthat

(1)Andhome

applianceswillalsobecome

sosmartthatcontrollingand

operatingthemwillresultin

thebreakoutofanew

psychological

disorder-kitchenrage.

(2)Thenewly

describedlanguageswere

oftensostrikinglydifferent

fromthewellstudied

languagesofEuropeand

SoutheastAsiathatsome

scholarvenaccudBoas

andSapiroffabricating

theirdata.

（3）NativeAmerican

languagesareindeed

different,somuchsoinfact

thatNavajocouldbeud

bytheUSmilitaryasacode

duringWorldWarIItond

cretmessages.

2.结果状语从句的倒

装

在英文中，

such/so...that引导的结果状

语从句，为了强调，还可以

将主句中的so或such置于

句首从而构成倒装结构。

Sofastdoeslighttravel

thatitisdifficultforusto

imagineitsspeed.

3.其他短语连接的结

果状语从句

这些结构有:tothe

degree(that),totheextent

(that),tosuchadegree

(that),tosuchanextent

(that)o当它们位于句首

表强调时，主句需倒装。

Annassayslawyerscan

playakeyroleininsisting

thatthewell-meaning

medicalinitiativestranslate

intobettercare."Large

numbersofphysiciansem

unconcernedwiththepain

theirpatientsareneedlessly

andpredictablysuffering,"

totheextentthatit

constitutes"systematic

patientabu."

条件状语从句

1.常用连词最常见

的引导词是if和unless

lfwintercomes,can

springbefarbehind?

Youdon'tneedan

umbrellaunlessitisraining.

（只有）与if

only（只要）

（1）Thenior

librarianatthecirculation

deskpromidtogetthe

bookforme_____shecould

rememberwholast

borrowedit.

only

（2）HeCancontinue

tosupporthimlfandhis

family____heproducesa

surplus.00年完形填空

B.

muchasC.

nce

......betodo,主

语+mustwillhavetodo......

如果（从句）一定得怎么

样，那么（主句）必须怎

么样

（1）Thefirsttwo

elementsmustbeequalfor

allwhoarebeingcompared,

ifanycomparisoninterms

ofintelligenceIstobe

made.

（2）Butifrobotsare

toreachthenextstageof

laborsavingutility,theywill

havetooperatewithless

humansupervisionandbe

abletomakeatleastafew

decisionsforthemlves—

—goalsthatpoareal

challenge.

（3）Ifambitionisto

bewellregarded,the

rewardsofambition-wealth,

distinction,controlover

one'sdestiny----mustbe

deemedworthyofthe

sacrificesmadeon

ambition'

traditionofambitionisto

havevitality,itmustbe

widelyshared;andit

especiallymustbehighly

regardedbypeoplewhoare

themlvesadmired,the

educatednotleastamong

them.

4.其他引导条件从句

的连词

suppo(that),

supposing(that),

providing/provided(that),so

longas,aslongas,on

conditionthat

（1）GeorgeAnnas,chair

ofthehealthlawdepartment

atBostonUniversity,

maintainsthat,aslongasa

doctorprescribesadrugfor

alegitimatemedicalpurpo,

thedoctorhasdonenothing

illegalevenifthepatient

usthedrugtohastendeath.

"It'slikesurgery,"hesays.

"Wedon'tcallthodeaths

homicidesbecauthe

doctorsdidn'tintendtokill

theirpatients,althoughthey

'rea

physician,youcanriskyour

patient'ssuicideaslongas

youdon'tintendtheir

suicide."

（2）Youcanarrivein

Beijingearlierforthe

meeting_youdon'tmind

takingthenighttrain

ed

C.

（3）Hewillsurely

finishthejobontime_he's

lefttodoitinhisownway.

B.

as

（4）Solongasyou

workhardenough,aniron

rodcanbegroundintoa

needle.

让步状语从句

1.常用连词though,

although,eventhough,

evenif

（1）Althoughhetriedhard,

(yet(still)hefailed.

（2）AlthoughIdidn'tknow

anybodyattheparty,Ihada

varygoodtime.

（3）Theengineersare

goingthroughwiththeir

highwayproject,_the

expenshaverin.

oughB.

t

gh

（4）____itconomy

continuestorecover,theUS

isincreasinglybecominga

nationofpart-timersand

temporaryworkers.

oughB.

edthat

（5）Alltheconditions

tendtoincreathe

probabilityofachild

committingacriminalact，

____adirectcausal

relationshiphasnotyetbeen

established.

ghD.

supposing

2.表示让步转折关系的介

词、副词和动词

despite,inspiteof,forall,

notwithstanding

3.表示让步转折关系的副

词

这样的副词主要有

however,nevertheless,

nonetheless,though(可以

用作副词)等

（1）Thehumannois

areoftenthoughttohe

innsitivesmellers

comparedwithanimals，

__1___thisislargely

becau,unlikeanimals,we

ans

thatournosarelimitedto

perceivingthosmells

whichfloatthroughtheair,

missingthemajorityof

smellswhichstickto

，__5__,

weareextremelySensitive

toSmells:__6__wedonot

nosarecapableof

detectinghumansmells

evenwhenthearediluted

tofarbelowonepartinone

million.

.

while

B,

d

ore

（2）Itisgenerally

recognized，_____,thatthe

introductionofthecomputer

intheearly20thcentury,

followedbytheinventionof

theintegratedcircuitduring

the1960s,radicallychanged

the

process，____itsimpact

onthemediawasnot

immediatelyapparently

B.

r

ore

B.

gh

29.C,3I.D

（3）Gettingenough

vitaminsisntialtolife,

althoughthebodyhasno

nutritionaluforexcess

people,____，believein

beingonthe"safeside"and

thustakeextravitamins.

heless

er

ile

4.置于句首的while

一般表示“尽管„„，即

使......”

（1）Whileeventhe

modestlyeducatedsought

anelevatedtonewhenthey

putpentopaperbeforethe

1960s,eventhemostwell

regardedwritingsincethen

hassoughttocapture

spokenEnglishonthepage.

(2)Whileoftenpraid

byforeignersforits

emphasisonthebasics,

Japaneeducationtendsto

stresstesttakingand

mechanicallearningover

creativityand

lf-expression.

(3)Whilethereare

almostasmanydefinitions

ofhistoryasthereare

historians,modernpractice

mostclolyconformsto

onethateshistoryasthe

attempttorecreateand

explainthesignificant

eventsofthepast.

(4)Ihaveexcluded

himbecau,whilehis

accomplishmentsmay

contributetothesolutionof

moralproblems,hehasnot

beenchargedwiththetask

ofapproachinganybutthe

factualaspectsoftho

problems.

er+what,

who,when,where,which,

how可以代替whatever,

wherever,whenever,

wherever,whichever,

however来引导让步状语

从句，表示“无论„„”。

（1）Whenanew

movementinartattainsa

certainfashion,itis

advisabletofindoutwhat

itsadvocatesareaimingat,

far,howeverfar-fetchedand

unreasonabletheir

principlesmayemtoday,

itispossiblethatinyearsto

cometheymayberegarded

asnormal.

（2）"Thetestofany

democraticsociety,"he

wroteinaWallStreet

Journalcolumn,"liesnotin

howwellitcancontrol

expressionbutinwhetherit

givesfreedomofthought

andexpressionthewidest

possiblelatitude,however

disputableorirritatingthe

resultsmaysometimesbe.

Wewon'tretreatintheface

ofanythreats."

引导的倒装句表

示让步

.分词名词

(无冠词)短语十as十主语

+谓语动词

(1)Youngasheis,he

isknowledgeable.

(2)MuchasIrespect

him,Icannotagreewith

him.

(3)Againashefailed

indoingthixperiment,he

didn'tlohisheart.

(4)Praidashewas,

heremainedmodest.

(5)Childasheis,heis

knowledgeable.

(6)Lazyaboyasheis,

heiskindtohelpothers.

(7)Oddthoughit

sounds,cosmicinflationisa

scientificallyplausible

conquenceofsome

respectedideasin

elementaryparticlephysics,

andmanyastrophysicists

havebeenconvincedforthe

betterpartofadecadethatit

istrue.

+形容词+as十

主谓结构，放在句首。表

示让步

(1)AsmuchasJohn

hatestodoit,hemuststay

athomeandstudy

TONIGHT.

(2)AsImportantas

qualificationsare,andyou

won'tgottoaninterview

withoutthequalifications,

themostthinginfactisthe

characterandhowaperson

prentshimlfat

interview.

比较状语从句

.....as结构，not

so.....as结构

2."as+形容词+a(n)+可数

名词单数+as"

(1)Hisfunctionis

analogoustothatofajudge,

whomustacceptthe

obligationofrevealinginas

obviousamanneras

possiblethecourof

reasoningwhichledhimto

hisdecision.99年翻译

的用法（词汇ppt）

4.倍数的表达法

“倍数+比较级”结

构:Aisthreetimesbigger

thanB.

“倍数+as...as”结构:A

isthreetimesashigherasB.

“倍数+名词”结构:

Aisthreetimesthesizeof

B.

（1）WhentheUnited

Statenteredjustsucha

glowingperiodaftertheend

oftheSecondWorldWar,it

hadamarket8timeslarger

thananycompetitor,giving

itsindustriesunparalleled

economiesofscale.

（2）Thereareabout105

malesbornforevery100

females,butthisratiodrops

tonearbalanceattheageof

maturity,andamong

74-year-oldstherearetwice

asmanywomenasmen.

e...the

more...,”句型表示比较

（1）Themoreforeign

capitalyouhavehelping

youbuildyourThirdWave

infrastructure,whichtoday

isanelectronic

infrastructure,thebetteroff

you'regoingtobe.

（2）Basic

economicssuggeststhe

greaterthepotential

consumers,thehigherthe

likelihoodofabetterprice.

...,so...结构

表示类比正如........,所

以.......

Thusjustaarlier

theorieshaveexplainedthe

mobilityofthecontinents,

sohotspotsmayexplain

theirmutability

(inconstancy).

......somuchas

与其说。。。。，倒不如

说。。。。

（1）Sciencemoves

forward,theysay,notso

muchthroughtheinsightsof

greatmenofgeniusas

becauofmoreordinary

thingslikeimproved

techniquesandtools.

(2)Forthewomenof

mygenerationwhowere

urgedtokeepjuggling

throughthe'80s,

downshiftinginthemid-'90s

isnotsomuchaarchfor

themythicalgoodlifeasa

personalrecognitionofyour

limitations.

(3)Thegreatthingin

thisworldisnotsomuch

wherewestandasinwhat

directionwearemoving.

方式状语从句

方式状语从句表示动作的

方式，其引导词有:as,like,

asif,asthough,theway等

WheninRome,doasthe

Romansdo.

Worklikeyoudon'tneed

money,lovelikeyou've

neverbeenhurt,anddance

likenobody'swatching.

DoasIsay,notasIdo.

(=Followmyadvice,but

don'tfollowmyexample.)

Doitthewayyouwere

taught.

Helooksasthoughasifhe

isanactor.