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更新时间:2022-11-23 14:01:24 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月23日发(作者:心肝宝贝 mp3)

词根词缀是考研英语词汇记忆的有效方法,考生要熟记一些常用词根词缀,提升记忆速

度,下面是26个常见的形容词后缀,大家看看并背下来。

1-able以“-able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况:

(1)v.+able→adj.以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能„„的”、“可以(被)„„的”、“适

合于„„的”、“值得„„的”等,即有被动含义。例如:reliable(可以依靠的),drinkable(可

以饮用的),eatable(可食用的)。

(2)n.+able→adj.这种形容词意为“具有„„特点的”,如valuable(有价值的),reasonable(有

道理的),comfortable(舒适的)。

2-ible该词缀在意义上与“-able”相同,但主要用于拉丁语后。例如:

terrible,horrible,invisible,possible。

3-al该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过,有些“-al”后缀则仅体现了该词的

形容词性,并非以这种方式构成形容词。“-al”意为“属于„„的”、“有„„特性的”。

4-an“-an”加在国名、地名之后,表明是相应的形容词,如American,African。

5-ian“-ian”与“-an”相同。例如:Asian,Australian,Canadian,Indian,Italian。

6-ant“-ant”表示“„„性的”。带“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy

后缀。例如:instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),brilliant(brilliancy),

constant(constancy),pleasant。

7-ent“-ent”与“-ant”非常相似。例如:abnt(abnce),different(difference),

excellent(excellence),patient(patience),prent(prence)。

8-ar“-ar”意为“„„的”、“„„性的”,如popular,particular,regular。

9-ary“-ary”意为“„„的”、“与„„有关的”。例如:

contrary,necessary,ordinary,primary,revolutionary。

10-ed“-ed”加在动词之后形成形容词。实际上该形容词是由原动词的过去分词演变而

来的,因此它有被动含义。

“-ed”也可加在动词之后形成复合形容词,如man-made,water-covered。

“-ed”还可加在名词之后形成复合形容词,如warm-hearted,warm-blooded,three-legged。

11-en“-en”有两种情况:

(1)“-en”跟在一些物质名词之后构成形容词,表示“材料”或“质地”,如

wooden,golden,earthen。

(2)“-en”也可加在一些不规则动词之后形成形容词。这些形容词实际上是由过去分词

转换而来的。例如:spoken,written,stricken,mistaken。

12-ern“-ern”加在表示方位的名词之后,表示“„„(方位)的”。这样的词有

eastern,southern,western,northern等。

13-e“-e”加在国名、地名之后构成相应形容词。例如:Chine,Japane.

14-ful这一后缀有两种情况:

(1)加在名词之后构成形容词,表示“充满„„的”、“有„„性质的”,如

beautiful,colourful,helpful,powerful,successful,uful,wonderful。

(2)加在动词之后,所构成的形容词意为“易于„„的”,如forgetful。

15-ic“-ic”常常加在名词或依附于词干后,构成形容词,意为“„„的”、“„„似的”、

“与„„有关的”等。例如:Atlantic,electric,arctic,historic,pacific,plastic,public,scientific。

16-ical“-ical”同“ic”一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词,意为“„„的”、“„„似

的”、“与„„有关的”,如physical,political,practical,technical等。

注:(1)有些形容词的词尾可能是“-ic”和“-ical”并存,且可以互相替代,但这不是说

两者就没有任何区别。一般来说,词尾“ic”与词根的关系比较密切,而词尾“ical”与词根

的关系比较含糊,一般作“与„„有关的”解。请比较:anelectriclight(电灯),

electricalengineering(电气工程);historic意为“历史上有名气的”,historical则意为“关于历史

的”。(2)以“ic”结尾的形容词,其相应副词则往往是pacifically,scientifically。

17-ing词尾“-ing”也可构成形容词,但这种形容词实际上是现在分词形容词化了,因

此,此类形容词表示主动。例如:dying,exciting,inspiring,interesting,freezing,living。

另外,“-ing”词尾还可构成合成形容词,如good-looking

18-ish“-ish”意义较多,在中学英语中,其主要意义是“„„民族的”、“„„语的”、

“„„似的”、“患„„的”,如English,British,foolish,feverish。

19-ist“-ist”表示“„„主义的”、“信仰„„的”。该后缀加在名词之后,如

communist,imperialist,Marxist,socialist。

20-ive“-ive”意为“„„的”、“与„„有关的”、“具有„„性质的”等。例如:

native,active,passive,attentive,expensive。

21-less“-less”加在名词、动词后,表示“无”、“缺”,如

fearless,harmless,uless,helpless,careless。

22-ly“-ly”加在名词之后构成形容词。这一词缀的意义有二:

(1)“像„„的”、“有„„性质的”,如friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,orderly。

(2)“以„„为周期的”、“每„„的”,如hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly。

注:如是形容词之后加“-ly”,则构成副词。上述(2)中的形容词亦可用作副词。

23-(i)ous该形容词后缀意为“充满„„的”、“具有„„特征的”,加在名词、动词和形

容词之后。例如:curious,famous,dangerous,obvious,poisonous,rious,various。

24-some“-some”加在名词、动词之后,表示“使人„„的”、“易于„„的”,如

handsome,troublesome,tiresome。

25-ward它加在名词之后,表示方向,作“向„„(方向)的”、“来自„„(方向)的”解。

例如:

eastward,southward,westward,northward,forward,backward,inward,outward,upward,downward。

注:这些词也可以是副词。如果词尾是“-wards”时,派生词必然是副词。

26-y“-y”加在名词之后,表示“具有„„特征的”、“多„„的”。例如:

funny,lucky,shabby,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,rainy,cloudy,dirty,dusty。

还需说明的一点是,大部分形容词是从完整的单词上加后缀派生来的,而有些则是在拉

丁词或希腊词的词根上派生来的。

Stemaffixisaneffectivewaytoone'sdeceadfathergrindEnglishvocabularymemory,the

examineetomemorizesomecommonlyudstemaffix,improvethespeedofmemory,hereare

26commonadjectivesuffixes,andlookbackdown.

1-ableto"-able"attheendoftheadjectiveusuallyhavetwosituations:

(1)v.+wayinthecompositionofadjectives,itsmeaningis"can......","can

(was)......","for...","itis..."etc.,mple:reliable(canrelyon),

drinkable(drinkable),eatable(edible).

(2)n.+djectivesmeanto"havethecharacteristicsof...",suchasvaluable

(valuable),reasonable(n),comfortable(comfortable).

2-ibletheaffixinnisthesameasthe"-able,mple:

terrible,latest,invisible,possible.

r,some"-al"suffixisonly

reflectedthedescribethepartofspeechoftheword,notinthiswaymakeadjectives."-al"

means"belongto......",""...characteristics.

4-an"-an"afterthename,placenames,thatisthecorrespondingadjectives,suchas

American,substitutes.

5-Ian-Ian"thesameas"-an".Forexample:Asian,Australian,Canadian,IndianandItalian.

6-ant"ant"said"...".With"ant"suffixitscorrespondingadjectivenounisoften-anceor-

mple:instant(instance),thedistant(short),important(importance),brilliant

(brilliancy),constant(constancy),pleasant.

7-ent"-ent"and"ant"mple:abnt(abnce),thecompany

(difference),excellent(excellencenessuahbrokerage),patient(patience),prent(prence).

8-ar-ar"means"...","...",suchasthepopular,particular,regular.

9-ary"-ary"means"...","about...".Forexample,contrary,necessary,ordinary,primary,

revolutionary.

10-Edadd"Ed"theadjectiveivolvedfromthe

pastparticipleformoftheverb,soithasapassivemeaning.

"-Ed"canalsobeaddedaftertheverbtoformcompoundadjectives,suchasman-made,

water-covered.

"-Ed"canalsobeaddedafterthenounformcompoundadjectives,suchasawarm-

hearted,awarm-blooded,three-legged.

11-en"-en"havetwosituations:

(1)"-en"andaftersomematerialnounformadjectives,said"material"or"texture",suchas

wooden,golden,earthen.

(2)"-en"djectivesare

mple:spoken,written,stricken,mistaken.

12-ern"-ern"addaftersaidorientationnoun,said"...(location).Wordslikeeastern,

southern,western,northern,etc.

13-e"-e"andconstitutecorrespondingadjectivesaftername,

example:Chine,Japane.

14-fulasuffixhavetwosituations:

(1)afterthenounformadjectives,said"...","..."nature,suchasbeautiful,colourful,helpful,

powerful,successful,ufulandwonderful.

(2)aftertheverbofadjectivesmeanfor"easy...",suchasforgetful.

15-IC"-IC"isoftenaddedtonounsorattachedtothestem,adjective,means"...","...",

"about..."mple:theAtlantic,electric,arctic,historic,Pacific,plastic,public,

scientific.

16-ical"-icallike"IC"additional"afterthenounorstemsformadjectives,meaning"......",

"...","about...",suchasphysical,here,practical,technical,etc.

Note:(1)someadjectivesuffixmightbe"-IC"and"-ical"coexist,andcanreplaceeach

other,llyspeaking,thesuffix"IC"and

therootoftheclorelationshipbetween,thesuffix"ical"relationshipwithrootisvague,

"about...".Pleacompare:

anelectriclight(light),electricalengineering(electricalengineering);Historicmeaning"famous"in

thehistory,historicalmeaning"abouthistory".(2)attheendoftheadjective"IC",its

correspondingadverbsareoftenpacifically,scientifically.

17-ingsuffix"-ing"canalsobeanadjective,butthisisactuallyaprentparticiple

adjectiveadjectives,asaresult,mple,dying,excitingand

inspiring,interesting,freezing,living.

Inaddition,"ing"endingcanalsoconstituteasynthesisofadjectives,suchasgood-&

18-ish"-ish"meaningismore,inthemiddleschoolEnglish,itsmainmeaningis"...",

"language...","...","......",suchasEnglish,British,foolish,feverish.

19-ist"-ist"said"...","faith...".Thesuffixaddedafterthenoun,suchascommunism,

imperialist,Marxist,socialist.

20-ive"-ive"means"...","about...","inthenatureof..."mple:native,

active,passive,attentive,andexpensive.

21-less"less"andafterthenouns,verbs,said"no"and"missing",suchasafearless,

harmless,uless,helpless,careless.

22-ly"-ly"ningoftheaffixaretwo:

(1)"like...","..."nature,suchasfriendly,lively,lovely,lonely,andorderly.

(2)"......forthecycle","every......",suchashourly,daily,weekly,or,yearly.

Note:ifafteranadjective"-ly",constitutesanadverb.(2)abovetheadjectivescanbeud

asanadverb.

23-(I)oustheadjectivesuffixmeaning"fullof...","hasthecharacteristicsof...",andafter

thenouns,mple,curious,famous,

dangerous,obvious,poisonous,rious,various.

24-some"-some"plusafternouns,verbs,said"maketheperson......","easy...",suchas

handsome,troublesome,tiresome.

25towarditafterthenoun,saiddirection,"to...(direction)",""from...(direction).For

example:eastwardandsouthwardandwestward,northward,forward,backward,inward,

outward,upward,downward.

Note:uffix"-wards,derivativeisnecessarily

adverbs.

26-"-"yplusyafternouns,said"...characteristics","more...".Forexample,behilarious,

lucky,shabby,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,cloudy,rainy,dirty,dusty.

Alsoindicatethatmostoftheadjectivesfromcompletewordsandaddsuffixisderived,and

someareinLatinorGreekwordderivedfromtheroot.

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