词根词缀是考研英语词汇记忆的有效方法,考生要熟记一些常用词根词缀,提升记忆速
度,下面是26个常见的形容词后缀,大家看看并背下来。
1-able以“-able”结尾的形容词一般有两种情况:
(1)v.+able→adj.以这种方式构成的形容词其意义为“能„„的”、“可以(被)„„的”、“适
合于„„的”、“值得„„的”等,即有被动含义。例如:reliable(可以依靠的),drinkable(可
以饮用的),eatable(可食用的)。
(2)n.+able→adj.这种形容词意为“具有„„特点的”,如valuable(有价值的),reasonable(有
道理的),comfortable(舒适的)。
2-ible该词缀在意义上与“-able”相同,但主要用于拉丁语后。例如:
terrible,horrible,invisible,possible。
3-al该词缀大多是加在名词后形成形容词的。不过,有些“-al”后缀则仅体现了该词的
形容词性,并非以这种方式构成形容词。“-al”意为“属于„„的”、“有„„特性的”。
4-an“-an”加在国名、地名之后,表明是相应的形容词,如American,African。
5-ian“-ian”与“-an”相同。例如:Asian,Australian,Canadian,Indian,Italian。
6-ant“-ant”表示“„„性的”。带“-ant”后缀的形容词其相应名词往往是-ance或-ancy
后缀。例如:instant(instance),distant(distance),important(importance),brilliant(brilliancy),
constant(constancy),pleasant。
7-ent“-ent”与“-ant”非常相似。例如:abnt(abnce),different(difference),
excellent(excellence),patient(patience),prent(prence)。
8-ar“-ar”意为“„„的”、“„„性的”,如popular,particular,regular。
9-ary“-ary”意为“„„的”、“与„„有关的”。例如:
contrary,necessary,ordinary,primary,revolutionary。
10-ed“-ed”加在动词之后形成形容词。实际上该形容词是由原动词的过去分词演变而
来的,因此它有被动含义。
“-ed”也可加在动词之后形成复合形容词,如man-made,water-covered。
“-ed”还可加在名词之后形成复合形容词,如warm-hearted,warm-blooded,three-legged。
11-en“-en”有两种情况:
(1)“-en”跟在一些物质名词之后构成形容词,表示“材料”或“质地”,如
wooden,golden,earthen。
(2)“-en”也可加在一些不规则动词之后形成形容词。这些形容词实际上是由过去分词
转换而来的。例如:spoken,written,stricken,mistaken。
12-ern“-ern”加在表示方位的名词之后,表示“„„(方位)的”。这样的词有
eastern,southern,western,northern等。
13-e“-e”加在国名、地名之后构成相应形容词。例如:Chine,Japane.
14-ful这一后缀有两种情况:
(1)加在名词之后构成形容词,表示“充满„„的”、“有„„性质的”,如
beautiful,colourful,helpful,powerful,successful,uful,wonderful。
(2)加在动词之后,所构成的形容词意为“易于„„的”,如forgetful。
15-ic“-ic”常常加在名词或依附于词干后,构成形容词,意为“„„的”、“„„似的”、
“与„„有关的”等。例如:Atlantic,electric,arctic,historic,pacific,plastic,public,scientific。
16-ical“-ical”同“ic”一样附加在名词或词干后构成形容词,意为“„„的”、“„„似
的”、“与„„有关的”,如physical,political,practical,technical等。
注:(1)有些形容词的词尾可能是“-ic”和“-ical”并存,且可以互相替代,但这不是说
两者就没有任何区别。一般来说,词尾“ic”与词根的关系比较密切,而词尾“ical”与词根
的关系比较含糊,一般作“与„„有关的”解。请比较:anelectriclight(电灯),
electricalengineering(电气工程);historic意为“历史上有名气的”,historical则意为“关于历史
的”。(2)以“ic”结尾的形容词,其相应副词则往往是pacifically,scientifically。
17-ing词尾“-ing”也可构成形容词,但这种形容词实际上是现在分词形容词化了,因
此,此类形容词表示主动。例如:dying,exciting,inspiring,interesting,freezing,living。
另外,“-ing”词尾还可构成合成形容词,如good-looking
18-ish“-ish”意义较多,在中学英语中,其主要意义是“„„民族的”、“„„语的”、
“„„似的”、“患„„的”,如English,British,foolish,feverish。
19-ist“-ist”表示“„„主义的”、“信仰„„的”。该后缀加在名词之后,如
communist,imperialist,Marxist,socialist。
20-ive“-ive”意为“„„的”、“与„„有关的”、“具有„„性质的”等。例如:
native,active,passive,attentive,expensive。
21-less“-less”加在名词、动词后,表示“无”、“缺”,如
fearless,harmless,uless,helpless,careless。
22-ly“-ly”加在名词之后构成形容词。这一词缀的意义有二:
(1)“像„„的”、“有„„性质的”,如friendly,lively,lovely,lonely,orderly。
(2)“以„„为周期的”、“每„„的”,如hourly,daily,weekly,monthly,yearly。
注:如是形容词之后加“-ly”,则构成副词。上述(2)中的形容词亦可用作副词。
23-(i)ous该形容词后缀意为“充满„„的”、“具有„„特征的”,加在名词、动词和形
容词之后。例如:curious,famous,dangerous,obvious,poisonous,rious,various。
24-some“-some”加在名词、动词之后,表示“使人„„的”、“易于„„的”,如
handsome,troublesome,tiresome。
25-ward它加在名词之后,表示方向,作“向„„(方向)的”、“来自„„(方向)的”解。
例如:
eastward,southward,westward,northward,forward,backward,inward,outward,upward,downward。
注:这些词也可以是副词。如果词尾是“-wards”时,派生词必然是副词。
26-y“-y”加在名词之后,表示“具有„„特征的”、“多„„的”。例如:
funny,lucky,shabby,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,rainy,cloudy,dirty,dusty。
还需说明的一点是,大部分形容词是从完整的单词上加后缀派生来的,而有些则是在拉
丁词或希腊词的词根上派生来的。
Stemaffixisaneffectivewaytoone'sdeceadfathergrindEnglishvocabularymemory,the
examineetomemorizesomecommonlyudstemaffix,improvethespeedofmemory,hereare
26commonadjectivesuffixes,andlookbackdown.
1-ableto"-able"attheendoftheadjectiveusuallyhavetwosituations:
(1)v.+wayinthecompositionofadjectives,itsmeaningis"can......","can
(was)......","for...","itis..."etc.,mple:reliable(canrelyon),
drinkable(drinkable),eatable(edible).
(2)n.+djectivesmeanto"havethecharacteristicsof...",suchasvaluable
(valuable),reasonable(n),comfortable(comfortable).
2-ibletheaffixinnisthesameasthe"-able,mple:
terrible,latest,invisible,possible.
r,some"-al"suffixisonly
reflectedthedescribethepartofspeechoftheword,notinthiswaymakeadjectives."-al"
means"belongto......",""...characteristics.
4-an"-an"afterthename,placenames,thatisthecorrespondingadjectives,suchas
American,substitutes.
5-Ian-Ian"thesameas"-an".Forexample:Asian,Australian,Canadian,IndianandItalian.
6-ant"ant"said"...".With"ant"suffixitscorrespondingadjectivenounisoften-anceor-
mple:instant(instance),thedistant(short),important(importance),brilliant
(brilliancy),constant(constancy),pleasant.
7-ent"-ent"and"ant"mple:abnt(abnce),thecompany
(difference),excellent(excellencenessuahbrokerage),patient(patience),prent(prence).
8-ar-ar"means"...","...",suchasthepopular,particular,regular.
9-ary"-ary"means"...","about...".Forexample,contrary,necessary,ordinary,primary,
revolutionary.
10-Edadd"Ed"theadjectiveivolvedfromthe
pastparticipleformoftheverb,soithasapassivemeaning.
"-Ed"canalsobeaddedaftertheverbtoformcompoundadjectives,suchasman-made,
water-covered.
"-Ed"canalsobeaddedafterthenounformcompoundadjectives,suchasawarm-
hearted,awarm-blooded,three-legged.
11-en"-en"havetwosituations:
(1)"-en"andaftersomematerialnounformadjectives,said"material"or"texture",suchas
wooden,golden,earthen.
(2)"-en"djectivesare
mple:spoken,written,stricken,mistaken.
12-ern"-ern"addaftersaidorientationnoun,said"...(location).Wordslikeeastern,
southern,western,northern,etc.
13-e"-e"andconstitutecorrespondingadjectivesaftername,
example:Chine,Japane.
14-fulasuffixhavetwosituations:
(1)afterthenounformadjectives,said"...","..."nature,suchasbeautiful,colourful,helpful,
powerful,successful,ufulandwonderful.
(2)aftertheverbofadjectivesmeanfor"easy...",suchasforgetful.
15-IC"-IC"isoftenaddedtonounsorattachedtothestem,adjective,means"...","...",
"about..."mple:theAtlantic,electric,arctic,historic,Pacific,plastic,public,
scientific.
16-ical"-icallike"IC"additional"afterthenounorstemsformadjectives,meaning"......",
"...","about...",suchasphysical,here,practical,technical,etc.
Note:(1)someadjectivesuffixmightbe"-IC"and"-ical"coexist,andcanreplaceeach
other,llyspeaking,thesuffix"IC"and
therootoftheclorelationshipbetween,thesuffix"ical"relationshipwithrootisvague,
"about...".Pleacompare:
anelectriclight(light),electricalengineering(electricalengineering);Historicmeaning"famous"in
thehistory,historicalmeaning"abouthistory".(2)attheendoftheadjective"IC",its
correspondingadverbsareoftenpacifically,scientifically.
17-ingsuffix"-ing"canalsobeanadjective,butthisisactuallyaprentparticiple
adjectiveadjectives,asaresult,mple,dying,excitingand
inspiring,interesting,freezing,living.
Inaddition,"ing"endingcanalsoconstituteasynthesisofadjectives,suchasgood-&
18-ish"-ish"meaningismore,inthemiddleschoolEnglish,itsmainmeaningis"...",
"language...","...","......",suchasEnglish,British,foolish,feverish.
19-ist"-ist"said"...","faith...".Thesuffixaddedafterthenoun,suchascommunism,
imperialist,Marxist,socialist.
20-ive"-ive"means"...","about...","inthenatureof..."mple:native,
active,passive,attentive,andexpensive.
21-less"less"andafterthenouns,verbs,said"no"and"missing",suchasafearless,
harmless,uless,helpless,careless.
22-ly"-ly"ningoftheaffixaretwo:
(1)"like...","..."nature,suchasfriendly,lively,lovely,lonely,andorderly.
(2)"......forthecycle","every......",suchashourly,daily,weekly,or,yearly.
Note:ifafteranadjective"-ly",constitutesanadverb.(2)abovetheadjectivescanbeud
asanadverb.
23-(I)oustheadjectivesuffixmeaning"fullof...","hasthecharacteristicsof...",andafter
thenouns,mple,curious,famous,
dangerous,obvious,poisonous,rious,various.
24-some"-some"plusafternouns,verbs,said"maketheperson......","easy...",suchas
handsome,troublesome,tiresome.
25towarditafterthenoun,saiddirection,"to...(direction)",""from...(direction).For
example:eastwardandsouthwardandwestward,northward,forward,backward,inward,
outward,upward,downward.
Note:uffix"-wards,derivativeisnecessarily
adverbs.
26-"-"yplusyafternouns,said"...characteristics","more...".Forexample,behilarious,
lucky,shabby,snowy,thirsty,windy,sunny,cloudy,rainy,dirty,dusty.
Alsoindicatethatmostoftheadjectivesfromcompletewordsandaddsuffixisderived,and
someareinLatinorGreekwordderivedfromtheroot.
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