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形容词的比较级和最高级
英语中的形容词通常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别,分别是原级、比较级和最高级。大
部分形容词的比较级和最高级是通过变化词尾来实现的,属于规则变化,但也有少数是不规则变
化。
英语中有些形容词说明形状、材质等,还有形容词没有程度可分或其本身就表示某种程度,
故而没有比较级和最高级。常见的有:
right正确的wrong错误的excellent最好的final
最后的
last最后的possible可能的first第一的east东方
的
empty空的wooden木制的impossible不可能的favourite最喜
欢的
round圆的golden金色的square方的
一、比较级和最高级的构成
1.规则变化
(1)单音节和少数双音节形容词变化规则如下:
1)单音节词末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)ﻫ【例】原级比较
级最高级ﻫgreatgreatergreatest
smallsmallersmallestﻫcleanclea
nercleanestﻫ
2)单音节如以e结尾,只加-r(比较级),-st(最高级)
【例】finefinerfinest
nicenicernicestﻫwide
widerwidestﻫﻫ3)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单音节词,须先
双写这个辅音字母,再加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)ﻫ【例】bigb
iggerbiggestﻫhothotterho
ttest
fatfatterfattestﻫ
4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,将y变为i,加-er(比较级),-est(最高
级)
【例】happyhappierhappiest
easyeasiereasiest
heavyheavierheaviest
funnyfunnierfunniest
5)以-er,ow,-ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er(比较级),-est(最高级)
【例】clevercleverercleverest
narrownarrowernarrowest
ableablerablest
(2)其他双音节词和多音节词在词前加more(比较级),most(最高级)
【例】tiredmoretiredmosttired
interestingmoreinterestingmostinterestin
--
--
g
difficultmoredifficultmostdifficul
t
(注意:A:有词根加ly构成的形容词,在词前加more(比较级),most(最高
级)如friendly----friend+ly构成,friendlymorefriendlymost
friendly;
B:以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况,如unha
ppy----unhappier----unhappiest,untidy----untidier----
untidiest)
2.不规则变化
形容词的不规则变化如下:
原级比较级最高级
good/wellbetterbest
bad/illworseworst
little/fewlessleast
much/manymoremost
farfarther更远的(只指距
离)
further更远的(指距
离);更深入的(指程度)
farthest;
furthest
oldolder较老的,较旧的;长辈
的(指年龄、新旧、血缘);
elder长辈的(只指血缘)
oldest;
eldest
二、比较级的用法
(1)高于或低于另一方的比较
运用“比较级+than”的结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。
即:物体A+am/are/is+形比+than+物体B.
Sheismorebeautifulthanmysister.她比我的姐姐漂
亮。
Thisbottleisbiggerthanthatone.这瓶子比那瓶子
大。
(2)比较级+and+比较级
这种结构表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为“越来越...”。
Sheisbecomingfatterandfatter.她变得越来越胖。
Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.天气变得越来越暖
和。
三、最高级的用法
1.表示在三者或三者以上中程度最高
最高级是表示在三者或更多者中程度最高的比较形式。此时应运用形容词的最
--
--
高级,其句式为:the+形容词最高级+(名词)+表示范围的短语或从句,即:
物体A+am/are/is+the+形最高级+(名词)+比较范围(of+人/物,
in+地方)
Lucyisthemostbeautifulgirlinherschool.露西是她学校
最漂亮的女孩。
Jimisthethinnestofthethreeboys.吉姆是这三个男
孩中最瘦的。
2.“最......”的其他表达方法。
(1)运用比较级表达最高级的概念。
Annistallerthananyothergirlinherclass.
Annistallerthantheothergirlsinherclass.
Annistallerthantherestofgirlsinherclass.
以上三句表达的意思等同于最高级的含义:
Annisthetallestofthegirlsinherclass.安是她们班上最高的女
生。
四、比较级和最高级的修饰语
1.比较级的修饰语
修饰比较级的常用语和短语主要有:
much(...得多),alot(...得多),alittle(...一点),abit(...一点),
twice(...两倍),fivetimes(...五倍)等。
Doyoufeelmuchbettertodaythanyesterday?
你今天感觉比昨天好很多了吗?
2.最高级的修饰语
常用的最高级的修饰语有序数词thefirst,thesecond等以及almost
(差不多,几乎),nearly(差不多,几乎)。
Africaisthecondlargestcontinent.非洲是第二大洲。
Amy’swritingisalmostthebestofallthestudents.
在所有学生中,艾米的书写几乎是最好的。
五、需要注意的情况
1.使用比较级时常见的错误
(1)more不可修饰比较级,但是much可以用来加强比较级,意为“...的
多”、“更...”。
ShelooksmoreyoungerthanI.(×)
ShelooksmuchyoungerthanI.(√)
(2)比较的对象或范围出现错误。
TheweatherofShanghaiishotterthanBeijing.(×)
(比较的对象应该是北京的天气,而不是北京)
TheweatherofShanghaiishotterthanthatofBeijing.(√)
上海的天气比北京的热。
ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.(×)(出现了逻辑上
的错误,中国就是亚洲的一个国家,应当排除在外)
ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.(√)中国比
亚洲别的国家要大。
2.形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the,而以下几种情况一般不需要加定冠词t
--
--
he:ﻫ(1)形容词最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等限
定词修饰时,最高级前不用the。如:ﻫTheYellowRiveristhecondlonges
triverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。
(2)形容词最高级在句中作表语而比较范围又不明确时,最高级前不用the。如:
TheyarehappiestonSaturdays.他们在星期六最快乐。
(3)如果两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词最高级前不加
the。如:ﻫHeistheyoungestandtallestboyinhisclass.他是
班上年龄最小、个子最高的男孩。
练习
形容词比较级和最高级(一)
一、写出下列单词的反义词
t________3.clean________
4.high________
5.heavy______ld_____________
二、写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
d______________2.busy_____________in
________________
4.many_______________________licious__
_____________
三、用适当形式填空:
1.Bobis________(young)thanFredbut__________(ta
ll)thanFred.
2.Yingtianisnotas___________(tall)asYongxia
n.
3.Almostallthestudents'facesarethesamebutLiDemin
glooks_______(fat)thanbefore.
4.Whichis_________(heavy),ahenorachicken?
5.--How_________(tall)isSally?
--She's1.55metres________(tall).WhataboutXia
oling?
--She'sonly1.40metres______(tall).Sheismuch______
--
--
_(short)thanSally.Sheisalsothe_______(short)girlinthe
class.
6.Heis______(bad)atlearninch_______(bad)atC
hineseandheisthe_________(bad)atEnglish.
7.AnniesaysSallyisthe________(kind)personinthew
orld.
eofthe_________(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ithink.
9.Adictionaryismuch_________(expensive)thanastory-book.
10.Anorangeiaalittle______(big)thananapple,butmuch
________(small)thanawatermelon.
11.MissChenis___________________.(pop
ular)
.Lin_________________________Mr.Brown.(s
ad)
ebasketball_______________________thebaseball.(bi
g)
14.QuestionA________________________________Que
stionB.(important)
15.Arose__________________________________aweed(野
草).(beautiful)
16.Torontois___________cityinCanada.(large)
17.Playingcomputergamesis________________ofalltheactiv
ities.(interesting).
18.TheNile(尼羅河)is______________riverintheworld.(long)
19.Goodhealthis______________________thinglife.(imp
ortant)
20.Takingataxiis_____________waytogettotheai
rport.(easy)
21.Test1is_____________________ofallthetests.(dif
--
--
ficult)22.Heis________thananyotherboyintheclass.(clev
er)ﻫis_______thanalltheotherstudents.(young)ﻫ24.
Thewindowis________________ofthetwo.(narrow)ﻫ25.Where
isthe________bus-stop?(near)ﻫ26.Heisoneof____________
___________Politicians.(famous)ﻫ27.Tomdrivesmuch
________________thanJohn.(careful)
28.Thewhitefloweris________(beautiful).Theyellow
floweris_____________(beautiful)thanthewhitefloweflow
eristhe___________ofthethree.ﻫ四、选择题ﻫ1.Sheis__
______than________.
A.busier/er/weC.morebusy/usD.
morebusy/we
2.Janeis________thanBetty.
A.lesstllestC.lesall
ais________countryintheworld.
A.thethirdlargestB.thelargestthirdC.thethird
largeD.athirdlargestﻫ4.-Whichis____asoninBeijing?
-Ithinkit'sautumn.
A.goodB.tebest
5.-Whichis__________,thesun,themoonortheearth?
--Ofcourse,themoonis.
llerC.smallestD.thesmallest
6.TheairinBeijingisgettingmuch_____nowthanafew
yearsago.
A.anerstcleanest
7.Mobilephonesareverypopularnowandtheyare_____t
hanbefore.
A.cheeaperC.cheapestD.thecheapest
8.IstudyEnglishas_______asmybrother.
--
--
A.hardB.harderC.hardest
9.Whichis_____,abicycleoracomputer?
A.expenseexpensiveC.themostexpensive
lowRiverisoneof______riversinChina.
AlongBlongerCthelongest
eisthecond_______studentinourclass.
llerC.talles
形容词比较级和最高级(二)
一、用括号里的词的适当形式填空。
mcanjump_______(high).Hejumps_______(high)
thantheotherboysin
hisclass.
2.Janetsing_______(well)inherclass.Shecansing______
(well)thanhermusicteacher,too.
3.Myfatheris______(handsome).Butmybrotheris
________(handsome)thanhim.Heis______(handsome)inmy
family.
4.Ihave______(many)booksinmycmyteacherha
s_____(many)booksthan____(I).
5.______(they)houseismuch______(old)than______(we).
6._____(she)dances_______(well)than______(he).
7._____(he)houare_____________(small)ofthefour.
8.Does_____(she)mothergetup__________(early)than___
___(you)?
9.Whicheats_____(many),themou,thedogorthehorse?
1______(we)goingtoplayfootballwith______(they)?
二.写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:
long___________wide_____________fat_________
heavy__________slow_____________few_________
--
--
far_________happy___________unhappy___________
___
三.用所给词的正确形式填空:
etwogirls,IfindLucythe_______(clever).
(黄金)is______(little)ufulthaniron(铁).
3.Mysisteristwoyears_______(old)thanI.
4.John’sparentshavefourdaughters,andsheisthe_____(yo
ung)child.
5.The_____(cheap)bagsarethenotusuallythebestones.
6.Theshortoneisbyfar_______expensiveofthefive.
eboyisnotso______(interesting)ashisbrother.
cksings_____(well),shesings______(well)thanJoh
n,butMarysings______(well)inherclass.
9.Shewillbemuch______(happy)inhermewhouse.
1ressis______that.(twice,as…as…,expensive)
四.选择填空:
1.Hefeels_____todaythanyesterday.
A.tiredB.moretiredC.moretirederD.muchtired
2.Whichdoyoulike_____,coffee,teaormilk?
A.rC.thewt
3.Ofthetwotoys,thechildchose_____.
A.theexpensiveoneB.onemostexpensive
C.aleastexpensiveD.themostexpensiveofthem
4.Thelineis____thanthatone.
A.morelongerB.notlongerC.muchmorelonger
D.manymorelonger
5.Theearthis_____themoon.
49timesbigasB.49timesasbiggeras
C.49timesasbigaigas49times
--
--
okis____ofthetwo.
rB.thetethinnerD.thethinnest
7.Shelooks_____thanshedoes.
A.themoreolderB.veryoldeolderD.mor
eolder
8.Thegardenisbecoming______.
A.morebeautifulandmoreB.morebeautifulandb
eautiful
C.mbeautifulandbeautifuler
mpeted(比赛)toseewhocouldwork_____.
A.thefastestandbestB.thefasterandthebetter
C.fastestansterandbetter
10.______hurry,_______speed.
A.More,lesch,littleC.Themore,theless
D.Themuch,thelittle
五.翻译句子:
1.本书跟那本书一样有趣。Thisbookis_______________thatone.
2.你游泳没有你弟弟好。Youcan’tswim_______________
yourbrother.
3.今天比昨天冷的多。Itis___________today______itwas
yesterday.
4.对这个故事我比另一个喜欢的多。Thisstoryis_____________
___thanthatone.
5.他比我大两岁。Heis_________________thanI.
6.这个故事不如那个有趣。Thisstoryis_______________than
thatone.
7.她的身体状况一天天好起来。Heisgetting________________
_everyday.
8.他对英语越来越感兴趣。Heisbecoming___________________
--
--
__________English.
9.他吃的越多,人越胖。Themoreheeats,the_______hegets.
10.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个Yourquestionis_____________
_____oftwo.
六、用适当形式填空:
1.Bobis______(young)thanFred,but______(tall)thanFred.
2.Aliceisnotas______(tall)asMike.
3.LiDeminglooks______(fat)thanbeforeafterthesu
mmerholidays.
s______(heavy),ahenorachicken?
5.--How______(tall)isSally?
--She's1.55metres______(tall).WhataboutXiaoling?
--She'sonly1.40metres______(tall).Sheismuch
______(short)thanSally.Sheisalsothe_______(sho
rt)girlintheclass.
______(bad)atlearningmatch_______(bad)
atChineandheisthe______(bad)atEnglish.
iesaysSallyisthe______(kind)personinthewor
ld.
isoneofthe_________(friendly)peopleintheclass,Ith
ink.
9.Adictionaryismuch_________(expensive)thanastory-book.
10.Anorangeisalittle______(big)thananapple,butm
uch________(small)thanawatermelon.
11.TheChangjiangRiveristhe_______(long)riverinChina.
12.Sueisalittle___________(beautiful)thanhersister.
isnotas_________(big)asmybrother's.
14.--Howdifficultisphysics?
--I'mnotsure.
--
--
--Isit________(difficult)thanmaths?
--Idon'tthinkso.
15.--Annieplaysthepianovery___________(well).
--Sueplaysit_____(well)thanAnnie.AndSallyplaysitt
he__________(well).
16.Saturdayismy_________(busy)dayinaweek.
17.Hermotherisgetting____________(fat)and________
(fat).
hinkit'stooexpensive.I'dlikea_____________
(cheap)one.
19.Hecomestoschoolmuch____________(early)thanI.
20.Thisbookisnotas_____________(interesting)asthaton
e.
21.Yourclassroomis__________(wide)and___________(br
ight)thanours.
22.Practias__________(much)asyoucan.
23.The________(much),the____________(good).
24.Nowadays(现在)Englishis__________(important)thananyot
hersubject,Ithink.
25.Mostofthestudentsthinkalionismuch________(da
ngerous)thanabearanditisthe__________(dangerous)
animalintheworld.
26.Theapplesintheothershoparean
d.(cheap;good)
27.Manyofthestarsaresoawaythatwecan’teth
em.(far)
28.TheYangtzeRiverisvery(long).Infact,it’s
riverinChina(long)
29.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.
--
--
30.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.
31.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.
32.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.
33.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..
3s___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?
七、翻译句子:
1、谁比Jim年纪大?是你。
________is_________thanJim?________are
2、谁比David更强壮?是
GaoShan._________________thanDavid?GaoShan_______
_.
3、谁的铅笔更长,他的还是她的?我想是她的。
_________pencilis_________,______or________?________is,
Ithink.
4、谁的苹果更重,你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的?我的弟弟的。
______apples__________,your_______oryour_______?My
______________________.
5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗?是的。
_________________as_________asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.
6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。
He_______as__________as________________Jim.
7、她和她的双胞胎哥哥一样胖吗?不,她比他瘦。
________________as_________as______twin_______?
No,__________________thanhim.
8.多做运动,你会更强壮。
________moreexercise,you’ll_________________soon.
9.我的科学很好,但是语文不好。
I______________tIdon’t_________
wellinChinese.
--
--
10.你放风筝比王兵放得高吗?不,我比他放得低。
____you_______thekite_____thanWangbing?No,I___
___it_____than___.
11.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。
Ilike_______.Allmy____________________thanme.
12.我的姐姐起得比我早。
My__________up_____thanme.
13.女孩比男孩唱得好吗?是的。
____thegirls__________________theboys?Yes,they____.
14.她不擅长体育。但我跳得没有她高。
Shedoesn’t_________inPE.ButIdon’t______
_____than_____.
15.你足球踢得比你的同班同学好吗?不,他们踢得和我一样好。
___you____football_____thanyourclassm
ates?No,they____as____asme.
16.我母亲比我父亲年纪小。
My________________thanmy______.
17.她的毛衣和我的一样重。
_____sweater_____as_______as_____.
18.我的连衣裙太短了。我想买一条大点的。
Mydress_____too_____.Iwantto_____a______one.
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