医学词典

1

【组织教学】

【导入新课】

【教学内容】

Introduction(1)

【教学目标/Objectives】

didentifycomponentsofmedicalwords;能够命名并识别

出医学单词的组成单元

edicalwordsintotheircomponents;将医学单词拆解成其组

成单元

edicalwordsusingwordcomponents.使用单词的组成单

元构建医学单词

【WordAnalysis】

laryngopharyngitis

喉咽炎

Components--组成单元

components[[kəm'pəunənt]]

prefix

wordroot

combiningvowel

suffix

combiningform

Example1

GASTROTOMY

2

Firstwecansplitthewordandexamineitsindividualcomponents:

GASTROTOMY

WordrootCombiningvowelSuffix

Thewordroot

ederivedfromGreekand

Roman(Latin)havetheiroriginsinArabic,Anglo-Saxonand

rlyGreekwordshavebeenretainedintheiroriginalform

rmigrationsthroughoutEuropeand

Americamanywordshavechangedtheirspelling,meaningand

pronunciation.

Inourfirstexamplewehaveudtherootgastrwhichalwaysmeans

stomach.

Thecombiningvowel

Combiningvowelsareaddedtowordrootstoaidpronunciationandto

irstexamplethecombiningvowelohas

combiningvowelsa,e,i,oand

uareudbutthemostcommonlyudiso.

Inourfirstexamplewehaveaddedthecombiningvowelototherootgastr.

ThesuffixandTerminology

alsoaddstoormodifiesthemeaningofthewordroot.

Inourfirstexamplewehaveudthesuffix–tomywhichalwaysmeansto

formanincision.

Wecannowfullyunderstandthemeaningofourfirstmedicalword:

Themeaningofgastrotomyis–tomy

isanameudbysurgeonstodescribeanoperationinwhichacutismade

intothewallofthestomach.

NounSuffixes

hemeaning

ofeachsuffix,terminologyillustratestheuofthesuffixinvariouswords.

Rememberthebasicruleforbuildingamedicalterm:Uacombining

vowel,suchaso,r,dropthe

mple,gastr/itis,

notgastr/o/itis.

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Thecombiningform

Inourfirstexampletherootgastrcanbecombinedwiththevoweloto

rdcomponentiscalledacombiningformofaword

root,i.e.

Wordroot+combiningvowel=combiningform

gastr+o=gastro

Mostcombiningformendinoandwewillbeusingmanyofthemin

avelearntthemeaningofourfirstroot

wecanuitagainwithanewwordcomponent:

Example2EPIGASTRIC

EPIGASTRIC

Herewehavesplitthewordintoitscomponentsandwecaneit

beginswithaprefixthatappearsbeforetherootgastr.

CombiningForms

Thesuffix–tissueisremoved

fromthebodyandviewedunderamicroscopy.

Theprefix

fix

epi-meansuponandsoitmodifiesthewordtomeanuponorabovethe

es,likerootsandsuffixes,arealsoderivedfromGreekand

Latinwords.

Thesuffix–icmeaningpertainingtowasalsoudinourcond

examplesowecannowwritethefullmeaningofepigastric:

EPIGASTRIC

PrefixWordrootSuffix

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Thefullmeaningofepigastricis–pertainingtoaboveoruponthestomach.

KeyPoint

Thecomponentsofmedicalwordsare:

prefixes

roots

suffixes

combiningvowels

combiningforms

Theuofprefixes,combiningformsandsuffixes

Therearecertainsimple‘rules’whichneedtobeappliedwhenbuilding

ticeusingtherules,somenew

’tworryabouttheirmeaningatthe

moment;wewillstudytheminalaterunit.

Rule1:Joiningacombiningformtoasuffix

Ifweaddthesuffix–logy,meaningstudyof,and–algia,meaning

conditionofpain,tothecombiningformgastr/owecanmaketwonew

words:

gastr/o+-logy=gastrology(studyofthestomach)

gastr/o+-algia=gastralgia(conditionofpaininthestomach)

Noticethatingastrologythecombiningvowelohasbeenleftinplace

sbeendroppedingastralgia

becau–algiabeginswitha,algiaisnotudanditwould

bemoredifficulttopronounce.

KeyPoint

Whenacombiningformofarootisjoinedtoasuffix,thecombiningvowel

isleftinplaceifthesuffixbeginswithaletterotherthanavowel.

Herearesomemoreexampleswherethevowelisleftinplacebecau

thesuffixbeginswithaletterotherthanavowel.

gastr/o+-tomy=gastrotomy(incisionintothestomach)

gastr/o+-scope=gastroscope(instrumenttoviewthestomach)

Herearesomeexampleswherethevowelisdropped:

Thisisasuffix

meaningpertaining

to

Thisisawordroot

meaningstomach

Thisisaprefix

meaningupon/above

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gastr/o+-itis=gastritis(inflammationofthestomach)

gastr/o+-ectomy=gastrectomy(removalofthestomach)

WORDEXERCISE1

URule1tojointhecombiningformsofwordrootsandsuffixesto

ningofthewordswillbestudiedinfollowing

sthasbeencompletedforyou.

Combiningformofwordrootsuffixmedicalword

(a)gastr/o+-pathy=gastropathy

(b)gastr/o+-scopy=

(c)hepat/o+-itis=

(d)hepat/o+-megaly=

(e)hepat/o+-oma=

Rule2:Joiningthecombiningformsoftwowordroots

Somemedicalwordscontaintwoormorecombiningformsofroots,asin

Example3

GASTROENTEROLOGY

Thefullmeaningofgastroenterologyisthestudyoftheintestinesand

thatthevowelbetweenthetworootsgastrandenterisleft

inplace.

KeyPoint

Whenthecombiningformsoftworootsarejoined,thecombiningvowelof

thefirstrootiskeptinplace.

Herearesomemoreexamples:

Pylor/o+gastr/o+ectomy=pylorogastrectomy

Duoden/o+enter/o+stomy=duodenoenterostomy

WORDEXERCISE2

URules1and2tojointhecombiningformsoftworootswith

ningsofthewordswillbestudied

sthasbeencompletedforyou.

CombiningformCombiningformSuffixMedicalword

ofwordrootofwordroot

(a)duoden/o+jejun/o+-stomy=

(b)trache/o+bronch/o+-itis=

(c)gastr/o+enter/o+-stomy=

(d)laryng/o+pharyng/o+-ectomy=

(e)oste/o+arthr/o+-pathy=

reafewexceptionstothisrulewhicharehyphenatede.g.

pharyngo-oral.