在职研究生英语考试

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2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

管理类专业硕士学位联考（英语二）

模拟试题八

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,

B,C,orDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

SomehistorianssaythatthemostimportantcontributionofDwightEinhower’spresidency(总统

任期)__1__project,easilysurpassing

thescaleofsuchprevioushuman__2__ower’sinterstatehighways

__3__thenationtogetherinnewwaysand__4__majoreconomicgrowthbymakingcommerceless

__5__.Today,aninformationsuperhighwayhasbeenbuilt—anelectronicnetworkthat__6__

libraries,corporations,governmentagenciesand__7__.Thilectronicsuperhighwayiscalledthe

Internet,__8__itisthebackbone(主干)oftheWorldWideWeb.

TheInternethadits__9__eDepartmentcomputernetworkcalledARPAnet,

which__10__tagonbuiltthenetworkfor

militarycontractorsanduniversitiesdoingmilitaryrearchto__11__1983the

NationalScienceFoundation(NSF),__12__missionistopromotescience,tookover.

ThisnewNSFnetwork__13__moreandmoreinstitutionalurs,manyof__14__hadtheirown

mple,mostuniversitiesthat__15__theNSFnetworkhadintracampus

network__16__becameaconnectorforthousandsofothernetworks.

__17__abackbonesystemthatinterconnectsnetworks,Internetwasanamethatfit.

SowecanethattheInternetisthewiredinfrastructureonwhichweb__18__nasa

militarycommunicationsystem,whichexpandedintoagovernment-funded__19__rearchnetwork.

Today,theInternetisaur-financedsystemtyingintuitionsofmanysortstogether__20__an

"informationsuperhighway.”

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SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:thequestionsbeloweachpassageby

choosingA,B,C,uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Openupmostfashionmagazinesandyouwilleincrediblythinmodelswithimpossiblehairand

wearingunreasonablyexpensive,uldn'tclothesbecomfortably

durableandmakeaprincipleofbeingsimplefortheindividualwhowearsthem?Whyarewe

constantlytoldthatweneedtobuynewclothesandaddfreshpiecestoourcollection?

sareconvinced

thattheyneedadifferentlookeachason,thatthisyear'ssweater'slengthandshoesstyleare

important,hionindustrywouldhaveyouignoreyour

,itisnotonlyaphenomenonwecan

findinpeople'sdressing.

ncontrolswhatwewear,whatweeat,whatwedrink,thewaywe

cutourhair,themakeupwebuyandu,nevencontrolsour

ideas.

Youdon'tbelieveme?Howmanyofyourfriendsarevegetarians?Whyaretheyvegetarians?

Becauitisfashionable!

Wheredoesfashioncomefrom?istsandhistoriansstudy

thefashionsofthepastanddiscoverthecretsofeachfashion.

Whengirlseanattractiveguy,'swhy

guysthinkthatgirlswearinglipstickarebeautiful.

Whydoguysshavetheirheads?Inthepastsoldiersshavedtheirheadstokilltheinctsthatlived

sshavetheirheadssothattheylookstrongandmasculine,likesoldiers.

theywastingtheirmoney?Changesin

sinstylecreateworkforpeopleallovertheworld.

Manypeopleworkinthefashionindustry,particularlyinthefashioncapitalsofLondon,NewYork,

ParisandMilan.

Andfinally,fashionmakesyoufeelgood,doesn'tit?Whenyouaredresdinthelateststyle,

dancingtothemostfashionablemusic,afterwatchingthelatesthitfilm,youfeelgreat,don'tyou?

'stheauthor'sviewpointaboutthemodelsandtheirhairstylesandclothes?

iative.

dicatedbytheauthorthatclothesshouldbe____.

tableanddurable

fresh

iveandfashionable

andunique

hionindustrymakesprofitsby____.

3

gtheproductsathighprices

nganeedinyou

gyougetridofyourshortcomings

youlookmorebeautiful

horthinkswhathasbeenfoundaboutfashionsbythescientistsandhistoriansis____.

ve

sagementionstheadvantagesoffashionEXCEPTthat____.

elppromotetechnologicaldevelopment

lespeopletoremainup-to-date

reatemorejobopportunitiesforpeople

akepeopleachieveagreatfeeling

Text2

WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorial

nsteinwillemerge,aytakealongtime.

Afterall,morethan200yearsparatedEinsteinfromhisnearestrival,IsaacNewton.

ManyphysicistssaythenextEinsteinhasn'tbeenbornyet,'sbecauthe

questforaunifiedtheorythatwouldaccountforalltheforcesofnaturehaspushedcurrent

hmustbecreatedbeforetheproblemcanbesolved.

ButrearcherssaytherearemanyotherfactorsworkingagainstanotherEinsteinemerging

anytimesoon.

Foronething,tein'sday,therewereonlyafew

thousandphysicistsworldwide,andthetheoreticianswhocouldintellectuallyrivalEinsteinprobably

wouldfitintoastreetcarwithatstospare.

Educationisdifferent,cialaspectofEinstein’strainingthatisoverlookedistheyears

ofphilosophyhereadasateenager—Kant,SchopenhauerandSpinoza,hthim

howtothinkindependentlyandabstractlyaboutspaceandtime,anditwasn'tlongbeforehebecamea

philosopherhimlf.

"Theindependencecreatedbyphilosophicalinsightis—inmyopinion—themarkofdistinction

betweenamereartisanorspecialistandarealekeraftertruth,"Einsteinwrotein1944.

erplaybetweenmusicandmathiswellknown.

Einsteinwouldfuriouslyplayhisviolinasawaytothinkthroughaknottyphysicsproblem.

Today,ren'tmanyjobsinsciencefor

them,sotheygotoWallStreetandSiliconValleytoapplytheiranalyticalskillstomorepractical—

andrewarding—efforts.

"MaybethereisanEinsteinouttheretoday,"saidColumbiaUniversityphysicistBrianGreene,

"butitwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard."

EspeciallyconsideringwhatEinsteinwasproposing.

"Theactualfabricofspaceandtimecurving?MyGod,whatanidea!"Greenesaidatarecent

gatheringattheAspenInstitute."Ittakesacertaintypeofpersonwhowillbanghisheadagainstthe

wallbecauyoubelieveyou’llfindthesolution."

PerhapsthebestexamplesarethefivescientificpapersEinsteinwroteinhis"miracleyear"of

"thoughtexperiments"werepagesofcalculationssignedandsubmittedtotheprestigious

erenofootnotesorcitations.

4

Whatmighthappentosuchasubmissiontoday?

"Weallgetpaperslikethointhemail,"Greenesaid."Weputtheminthejunkfile."

scientistsemtoagreeupon,judgingfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

inpushedmathematicsalmosttoitslimits.

takeanotherEinsteintobuildaunifiedtheory.

icistislikelytosurpassEinsteininthenext200years.

besometimebeforeanewEinsteinemerges.

scriticaltoEinstein'ssuccess?

entasanaccomplishedmusician.

ependentandabstractthinking.

iringefforttofulfillhispotential.

idfoundationinmaththeory.

estheauthortellusaboutphysiciststoday?

ndtoneglecttraininginanalyticalskills.

everygoodatsolvingpracticalproblems.

tachgreatimportancetopublishingacademicpapers.

tengointofieldsyieldinggreaterfinancialbenefits.

esBrianGreeneimplybysaying"...itwouldbealotharderforhimtobeheard"(Lines

1-2,Para.9)?

havetocompeteinordertogettheirpaperspublished.

rdforascientisttohavehispaperspublishedtoday.

likeEinstein’swouldunlikelygetpublishedtoday.

willreadpapersonapparentlyridiculoustheories.

submittedhispapersin1905,Einstein_______.

tomakefootnotesandcitations

tleknowninacademiccircles

wnasayounggeniusinmathcalculations

thingabouttheformatofacademicpapers

Text3

Themorewomenandminoritiesmaketheirwayintotheranksofmanagement,themoretheyem

comersalsotendtoe

officematterswithafresheye,intheprocesssometimescomingupwithcriticalanalysoftheforces

thatshapeeveryone’xperienceintheorganization.

Considernis

t11yearswithIBM,halfofthemworkinginmanagementdevelopment,andnow

rvesasaconsultanttothelikesofAT&T,Coca-Cola,Prudential,nsaysthat

badonwhathe'senatbigcompanies,heweighsthedifferentelementsthatmakeforlong-term

careersuccessasfollows:performancecountsamere10%,image,30%;andexposure,afull60%.

Colemanconcludesthatexcellentjobperformanceissocommonthedaysthatwhiledoingyour

workwellmaywinyoupayincreas,itwon'sthat

advancementmoreoftendependsonhowmanypeopleknowyouandyourwork,andhowhighup

theyare.

Ridiculousbeliefs?Nottomanypeople,especiallymanywomenandmembersofminorityraces

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who,likeColeman,feelthatthescales(障眼物)havedroppedfromtheireyes."Womenandblacksin

organizationsworkunderfalbeliefs,"saysKaleelJamison,aNewYork-badmanagement

consultantwhohelpscorporationsdealwiththeissues."Theythinkthatifyouworkhard,you'llget

ahead-thatsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgiveyouapromotion."Sheadds,"Mostwomen

andblacksaresofrightenedthatpeoplewillthinkthey'vegottenaheadbecauoftheirxorcolor

thattheyplaydowntheirvisibility."Heradvicetothofolks:learnthewaysthatwhitemaleshave

traditionallyudtofindtheirwayintothespotlight.

ingtothepassage,"thingsformerlyjudgedtobebestleftunsaid"(Line2,Para.1)probably

refersto"_____".

ismsthatshapeeveryone'xperience

nionswhichcontradicttheestablishedbeliefs

denciesthathelpthenewcomerstoeofficematterswithafresheye

aswhichusuallycomeupwithhnewwaysofmanagementintheorganization

evesuccessinyourcareer,themostimportantfactor,accordingtothepassage,isto_____.

rsuperiorsknowhowgoodyouare

tafavorableimagetothepeoplearoundyou

aconsultanttoyoursuperiors

mwellyourtasksgivenbyyoursuperiors

sonwhywomenandblacksplaydowntheirvisibilityisthatthey______.

atsomeoneinauthoritywillreachdownandgivethemapromotion

givepeopletheimpressionthattheyworkunderfalbeliefs

'twantpeopletothinkthattheirpromotionswereduetoxorcolor

etheycangetpromotedbyreasonoftheirxorcolor

horisoftheopinionthatColeman'sbeliefsare__________.

icial

ttitleforthispassagewouldbe______.

WomenandMinoritiesinManagement

ortanceofBeingVisible

formanceandAdvancement

CareerSuccess

Text4

AgehasitsprivilegesinAmerica,andoneofthemoreprominentofthemistheniorcitizen

whohasreachedacertainage—insomecasaslowas55—isautomatically

entitledtodilityis

determinednotbyone’sneedbutbythedateonone’callyunheardofa

generationago,thediscountshavebecomearoutinepartofmanybusiness—ascommonascolor

televisionsinmotelroomsandfreecoffeeonairliners.

Peoplewithgrayhairoftenaregiventhediscountswithoutevenaskingforthem;yet,millionsof

ssthatwouldneverdareofferdiscountsto

cticeisacceptable

becauofthewidespreadbeliefthat"elderly"and"needy"sthatoncewas

true,buttodayelderlyAmericansasagrouphavealowerpovertyratethantherestofthepopulation.

Tobesure,thereiconomicdiversitywithintheelderly,

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mostofthemaren’t.

Itisimyfirms,

thercasthediscountsaregivenattheexpen,directlyor

indirectly,er,theyareadirectirritantinwhatsomepoliticiansand

scholarseasacomingconflictbetweenthegenerations.

GenerationaltensionsarebeingfueledbycontinuingdebateoverSocialSecuritybenefits,which

mentisanothersorepoint.

Buoyedbylawsandcourtdecisions,moreandmoreolderAmericansaredecliningtheretirement

dinnerinfavorofstayingonthejob—therebylesningemploymentandpromotionopportunities

foryoungerworkers.

Farfromakindofcharitytheyoncewere,niorcitizendiscountshavebecomeaformidable

economicprivilegetoagroupwithmillionsofmemberswhodon’tneedthem.

Itnolongermakesntotreattheelderlyasasinglegroupwhoeconomicneedsderve

citizendiscountsonlyenhancethemyththatolderpeoplecan’t

takecareofthemlvesandneedspecialtreatment;andtheythreatenthecreationofanewmyth,that

theelderlyareungratefulandtakingforthemlvesattheexpenofchildrenandotheragegroups.

SeniorcitizendiscountsaretheesnceoftheverythingolderAmericansarefightingagainst—

discriminationbyage.

nfromthefirstparagraphthat_______.

ngniorcitizensdiscountshasbecomeroutinecommercialpractice

citizendiscountshaveenabledmanyoldpeopletoliveadecentlife

niorcitizensdiscountshasboostedthemarketfortheelderly

citizenshavetoshowtheirbirthcertificatestogetadiscount

sumptionliesbehindthepracticeofniorcitizendiscounts?

ss,havingmadealotofprofits,shoulddosomethingforsocietyinreturn.

pleareentitledtospecialtreatmentforthecontributiontheymadetosociety.

erly,beingfinanciallyunderprivileged,needhumanehelpfromsociety.

citizendiscountscanmakeupfortheinadequacyoftheSocialSecuritysystem.

ingtosomepoliticiansandscholars,niorcitizendiscountswill_____.

dpeopleevenmoredependentonsociety

ifyconflictsbetweentheyoungandtheold

verfinancialimpactonbusinesscompanies

markedincreainthecompanies’revenues

stheauthorviewtheSocialSecuritysystem?

uragelderlypeopletoretireintime.

supbroadcareerprospectsforyoungpeople.

fitstheoldattheexpenoftheyoung.

ldbereinforcedbylawsandcourtdecisions.

fthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor’smainargument?

citizensshouldfighthardagainstagediscrimination.

erlyarelfishandtakingniordiscountsforgranted.

tyshouldbegiventotheeconomicneedsofniorcitizens.

citizendiscountsmaywellbeatypeofagediscrimination.

7

PartB

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerquestionsbyfindinginformationfromcolumnAthat

retwoextrachoicesintheleft

uransweronANSERSHEET1.(10points)

“I’venevermetahumanworthcloning,”sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromthecramped

confinesofhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.“It’sastupidendeavor.”That’saninterestingchoiceof

adjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddog

,heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocalvesand

stmightsucceedincloningMissylaterthisyear—orperhapsnot

sthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesof

modernscience.

Westhusin’xperi

threeyearsofworkontheMissyplicityproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofcanine(犬的)eggs,

theA&MteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryoscarryingMissy’vesurvived

thetransfertoasurrogatemother(代母).Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyaborted

fetusmaybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnotwithhumans.

“Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,”hesays.

Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,nceDollythe

sheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin’sphoneatA&MCollegeofVeterinaryMedicinehasbeen

noobstacleforcustomerslikeMissy’smysteriousowner,whowishestoremain

’sploppeddown$3.7millionsofartofundtherearchbecauhe

wantsatwintocarryonMissy’nowsherclonemaynothaveher

tementofpurpo,Missy’sownersandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare“both

lookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonediffersfromMissy.”

ThefateofthedogsampleswilldependonWesthusin’sthatevenifhegetsadog

viablypregnant,theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyother

clonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems.“Whywouldyou

everwanttoclonehumans,”Westhusinasks,“whenwe’renotevenclotogettingitworkedoutin

animalsyet?”

loningwillnotsucceedunlessthe

techniqueismoreefficient.

sin’sattitudetowardcloningis

that

istsareoptimisticaboutcloning

technique.

syplicityprojectdoesnotem

verysuccessfulprobablybecau

opleareagainsttheideaofhuman

cloning.

sinsays“...cloningis

dangerous,”heimpliesthat

gdogsismorecomplicatedthan

cloningcatsandbulls.

nferfromthethirdparagraphthat

tocloneanimalsbutnothuman

beings.

gofanimalpetsisbecominga

prosperousindustry.

8

SectionIIITranslation(15points)

ions:ateitintoChineandwriteyour

translationontheANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Oil-richNorwayremainsthebestcountryintheworldtolivein,whileZimbabwe,afflictedby

economiccrisisandAIDS,istheleastdesirable,releadon

essmentcameinaso-calledhumandevelopmentindex,ameasureofwell-being

pmentProgramforthepast20yearsthatcombinesindividualeconomic

prosperitywitheducationlevelsandlifeexpectancy.

TheUNDPplacedNorway,AustraliaandNewZealandatthetopandNiger--lastyear's

back-marker--theDemocraticRepublicoftheCongoandZimbabweatthebottom.

ButUNDPofficialssaidthefigureswerenotfullycomparableduetochangesincalculation

itagrossnationalincome,whichincludesaidandremittances,hasbeenud

insteadofgrossdomesticproduct,whileineducationliteracylevelshavebeenreplacedbyaverage

yearsofschooling.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

ions:YouhavebeenstudyingintheUniversityofPittsburghforsixmonthsasavisiting

lettertoexpressyourgratitudetoyoursupervisor,

donotsignyourownname;

signLiMinginstead.(10points)

PartB

ions:Youaresuppodtowriteanessayofnolessthan150wordsonthetitleof

uldwritethis

compositiononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

1.当前，很多人迷上了“开心农场”游戏，花很多时间上网种菜、偷菜；

2.对此，我的看法是：…;

3.总结。

mentsmaywastelotsoflives.