2010考研英语

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

In1924America'sNationalRearchCouncilnttwoengineersto

superviariesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-parts

dtheywould

learnhowstop-floorlighting1workers'd,the

studiended2givingtheirnametothe"Hawthorneeffect",the

extremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeingexperimentedupon

changedsubjects'behavior.

Theideaarobecauofthe4behaviorofthewomeninthe

ingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourly

outputrowhenlightingwasincread,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.

Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,

productivityro.A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimentedupon

emedtobe9toalterworkers'behavior10itlf.

Afterveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometricthe

rneexperimentshasanothersurpristore12the

descriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsof

productivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybe

haveletto14interpretationofwhathapped.15,lightingwasalways

rkstartedagainonMonday,output16ro

comparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand17toriforthenextcouple

ofdays.18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasno

experimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers

19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanyca,before

ggeststhatthealleged

"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous

[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts

[D]asssments

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incathat

[D]solongas

8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]ntiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith

[D]peculiarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable

[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconquence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably

[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed[B]cead[C]started[D]continued

20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40

points)

Text1

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-language

newspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemost

far-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandriousness

oftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereader

undertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticism

nsiderablenumber

ofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20th

suchbooks

todayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereonce

deemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.

Weareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocudnewspaperreviews

publishedinEnglandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveof

WorldWarII,atatimewhennewsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylisharts

criticismwasconsideredanornamenttothepublicationsinwhichit

efar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthecritics

ofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventsthey

wasariousbusiness,andeventhoreviewerswhowore

theirlearninglightly,likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,could

enbelievedinjournalism

asacalling,andwereproudtobepublishedinthedailypress.“So

fewauthorshavebrainnoughorliterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirown

endupinjournalism,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefine

‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenot

readtowriterswhoare.’”

Unfortunately,e

Cardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortly

beforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyasawriterofessayson

hislifetime,though,hewasalsooneof

England’sforemostclassical-musiccritics,astylistsowidelyadmired

thathisAutobiography(1947)nightedin

1967,yoneofhisbooks

isnowinprint,andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsave

tospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?

listictasteshadchangedlongbefore

hisdeath,andpostmodernreadershavelittleufortherichly

er,the

amateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.

dicatedinParagraphs1and2that

[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

[B]English-languagenewspapersudtocarrymoreartsreviews.

[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

perreviewsinEnglandbeforeWorldWarIIwerecharacterized

by

[A]freethemes.

[B]casualstyle.

[C]elaboratelayout.

[D]radicalviewpoints.

fthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon?

[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

nbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwo

paragraphs?

[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

uldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers

[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism

[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory

Text2

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhat

eivedoneforits"one-click"

lLynchgotlegalprotectionforanast

entorpatentedatechniqueforliftingabox.

Nowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscale

backonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialever

ethathas

fAppealsforthe

federalcircuitsaiditwoulduaparticularcatoconductabroad

lski,asthecaisknown,

is"averybigdeal",oftheUniversityofMissouri

"hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassof

patents."

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,

becauitwasthefederalcircuititlfthatintroducedsuchpatents

withis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankca,approving

lingproduced

anexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerging

internetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypes

,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoadd

suchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivals

2005,IBMnotedinacourtfiling

thatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespite

rly,

someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemlveswithpatentsfor

financialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasopposing

thepractice.

TheBilskicainvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedging

eralcircuitissuedanunusualorder

statingthatthecawouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt'sjudges,

ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantsto

evaluateiswhetheritshould"reconsider"itsstatestreetBankruling.

TheFederalCircuit'sactioncomesinthewakeofariesofrecent

decisionsbythesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthescopeofprotections

ril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthat

toomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor"inventions"thatareobvious.

ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare"reactingtotheanti-patenttrend

attheSupremeCourt",,apatentattorneyand

professoratGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

ss-methodpatentshaverecentlyaroudconcernbecauof

[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

[B]theirconnectionwithastallocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization

fthefollowingistrueoftheBilskica?

[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions

[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

[C]IthasbeendismisdbytheFederalCircuit

[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.

d"about-face"(Line1,Para3)mostprobablymeans

[A]lossofgoodwill

[B]increaofhostility

[C]changeofattitude

[D]enhancementofdignity

nfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents

[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges

[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders

[D]increatheincidenceofrisks

fthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

[C]Alegalcaregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents

Text3

InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmGladwellarguesthatsocial

epidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityof

specialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,whoareunusually

informed,persuasive,aisintuitively

compelling,butitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesuppodimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausible

soundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe"twostepflowof

communication":Informationflowsfromthemediatotheinfluentialsand

ershaveembracedthetwo-stepflow

becauitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencethe

influentials,tholectedpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthem.

Thetheoryalsoemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularity

ofcertainlooks,brands,suchcas,acursory

archforcausfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewaswearing,

promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelpaidattention.

Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonly

certainspecialpeoplecandrivetrends

Intheirrecentwork,however,somerearchershavecomeupwith

thefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemics

,theydon'temtoberequiredof

all.

Therearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobrvingaboutsocial

influence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprah

Winfrey—whooutsizeprenceisprimarilyafunctionofmedia,not

interpersonal,influence—eventhemostinfluentialmembersofa

populationsimplydon's

precilythenon-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothe

two-step-flowtheory,aresuppodtodrivesocialepidemicsby

cialepidemic

tooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,musttheninfluencehisor

herownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;and

justhowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthepeoplehaslittle

leinthenetworkjusttwo

degreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,for

examplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethe

cascadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,the

rearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumber

ofvariablesrelatingofpopulations,manipulatinganumberofvariables

relatingtopeople'sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencyto

kshowsthattheprincipalrequirementforwhat

wecall"globalcascades"–thewidespreadpropagationofinfluence

throughnetworks–istheprencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,

ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople,eachofwhomadopts,say,

alookorabrandafterbeingexpodtoasingleadoptingneighbor.

Regardlessofhowinfluentialanindividualislocally,heorshecan

exertglobalinfluenceonlyifthiscriticalmassisavailableto

propagateachainreaction.

ngthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto

[A]analyzetheconquencesofsocialepidemics

[B]discussinfluentials'functioninspreadingideas

[C]exemplifypeople'sintuitiverespontosocialepidemics

[D]describetheesntialcharacteristicsofinfluentials.

horsuggeststhatthe"two-step-flowtheory"

[A]rvesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials

[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

erearchershaveobrvedrecentlyshowsthat

[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions

[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

[D]mostcelebritienjoywidemediaattention

erlinedphra"thepeople"inparagraph4referstothe

oneswho

[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

[D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential

theesntialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted

[B]Theimpultoinfluenceothers

[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced

[D]Theinclinationtorelyonothers

Text4

Bankershavebeenblamingthemlvesfortheirtroublesinpublic.

Behindthescenes,theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneel:the

ules,moanthebanks,haveforced

themtoreportenormousloss,andit'ulessay

theymustvaluesomeastsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,not

thepricemanagersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.

Unfortunately,banks'ails

maybeunknowable,buttheindependenceofstandard-tters,esntial

totheproperfunctioningofcapitalmarkets,,

unlessbankscarrytoxicastsatpricesthatattractbuyers,reviving

thebankingsystemwillbedifficult.

AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America'sFinancial

AccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)

gavebanksmorefreedomtoumodelstovalueilliquidastsandmore

flexibilityinrecognizinglossonlong-termastsintheirincome

z,theFASB'schairman,criedoutagainstthowho

"questionourmotives."Yetbanksharesroandthechangenhancewhat

onelobbygrouppolitelycalls"theuofjudgmentbymanagement."

EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternational

AccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)Bsaysitdoesnot

wanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,butthepressuretofoldwhenit

e

McCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid"notlive

inapoliticalvacuum"but"intherealword"andthatEuropecouldyet

developdifferentrules.

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastly

heyarguethatmarketpricesoverstateloss,

becautheylargelyreflectthetemporaryilliquidityofmarkets,not

thwillnotbeknownforyears.

Butbank'ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthatinvestors

dmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbanks

whichwillnotllastsforfearofbookingloss,yetarereluctant

tobuyallthosuppodbargains.

Togetthesystemworkingagain,lossmustberecognizedanddealt

a'snewplantobuyuptoxicastswillnotworkunlessbanks

sfulmarkets

Band

IASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstockoptionsand

pensions,forexample,

givingintocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemore

concessions.

scomplainedthattheywereforcedto

[A]followunfavorableastevaluationrules

[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties

[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers

[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirasts.

ingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresult

in

[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement

[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem

[C]thebanks'long-termastloss

[D]theweakeningofitsindependence

ingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB'sattemptto

[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences.

[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers.

[C]actontheirowninrule-tting.

[D]takegradualmeasuresinreform.

horthinksthebankswere"onthewrongplanet"inthatthey

[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators

[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirasts

[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts.

[D]deniedbookinglossintheirsaleofasts.

hor'sattitudetowardsstandard-ttersisoneof

[A]satisfaction.

[B]skepticism.

[C]objectiveness

[D]sympathy

PartB

Directions:

ForQuestions41-45,choothemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelist

A-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.

soneparagraphwhichdoes

uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreference

foreatingout;theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthan

homeshasrinfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to

developmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodrvicegment

by4to5percentayearacrossEurope,comparedwithgrowthinretail

ile,astherecessionisloominglarge,

ndtokeepatighterholdontheir

purandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative.

[B]RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsare

atastandstill,leavingEuropeangroceryretailershungryfor

adingretailershavealreadytried

e-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,ostall

haveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:the

wholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindof

marketretailersneed.

[C]Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverall

structureofthefoodanddrinkmarket?ctioning

ofthemarketisbadonflexibletrendsdominatedbypotentialbuyers.

Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheller,todecide

ate,thischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedby

anever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,

regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.

[D]Allinall,thisclearlyemstobeamarketinwhichbig

retailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructure

andprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,logistics,and

ersthatmastertheintricaciesof

wholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantialprofits

t,inspection

revealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,

especiallyintheircustomergmentsandwholesalestructures,aswell

retailersmustunderstandthedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythe

gmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilities

llsand

unfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.

[E]Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountries

thathavebeenclolyexamined—France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—are

comesmainlyfromtwosources:

independentmom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,

aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfoodrviceoperators

thatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon'odrvice

operatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcatering

ventures,butmostofthebusinessareknowninthetradeas"horeca":

hotels,restaurants,l,Europe'swholesalemarketfor

foodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,

butthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends.

[F]Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billion

inFrance,Germany,Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin2000—more

er,averageoverallmarginsare

higherinwholesalethaninretail;wholesaledemandfromthefood

rvicectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanatoutmoreoften;

andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryare

atlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.

[G]However,noneoftherequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers

(andevensomelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtrying

theirhand,forthothatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalingin

Europestandtoreapconsiderablegains.

41→42→43→44→E→45

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

anslationshouldbewrittencarefullyon

ANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Onebasicweaknessinaconrvationsystembadwhollyoneconomic

motivesisthatmostmembersofthelandcommunityhavenoeconomicvalue.

Yetthecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifits

stabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.

Whenoneofthenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwe

thebeginningofcenturysongbirdsweresuppodtobedisappearing.(46)

Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidenceto

theeffectthatinctswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrolthem.

theevidencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.

no

landethicyet,(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmitting

thatbirdsshouldcontinueasamatterofintrinsicright,regardless

oftheprenceorabnceofeconomicadvantagetous.

Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsand

fish-eatingbirds.(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverworded

theevidencethatthecreaturesprervethehealthofgamebykilling

thephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon"worthless"species.

Somespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartyby

economics-mindedforestersbecautheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolow

asalevaletopayastimbercrops.(49)InEurope,whereforestryis

ecologicallymoreadvanced,thenon-commercialtreespeciesare

recognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobeprervedassuch,

withinreason.

Tosumup:asystemofconrvationbadsolelyoneconomic

lf-interestishopelesslylopsided.(50)Ittendstoignore,andthus

eventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthelandcommunitythatlack

commercialvalue,

assumes,fally,Ithink,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclock

willfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.

SectionⅢWriting

PartA

ions:

Youaresuppodtowriteforthepostgraduateassociationanotice

torecruitvolunteersforaninternationalconferenceonglobalization,

youshouldconcludethebasicqualificationofapplicantandtheother

informationyouthinkrelative.

ignyourownnameatthe

"postgraduateassociation"instead.

PartB

ions:

youressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(20points)

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Rearchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmart

humansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer's

lieswhoweretaughtto

suggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeing

tooterrificallybright.

Intelligence,it5out,smore

upkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauit

dependsonlearning—agradual7—of

otherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'veapparently

learnediswhento8.

Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That'sthequestion

dofcastingawistfulglance

10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wi,itimplicitly

12

themindofeveryanimalI'veevermet.

Rearchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhat

catwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperant

evethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtest

usto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryfor

uldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally

1,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudy

a19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsareinconclusive.

1.[A]Suppo[B]Consider[C]Obrve[D]Imagine

2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened

3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer

4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority

5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward

6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along

7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual

8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think

9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different

10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward

11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs

12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across

13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply

14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance

15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest

16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach

17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with

18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwi

19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent

[D]hostile

20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

hforthemmindlessly,ttingour

brainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortof

familiarroutine."Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,"

ver-changing21st

century,eventheword"habit"carriesanegativeconnotation.

Soitemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontext

inrearchershavediscoveredthat

whenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,

andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthought

ontonew,innovativetracks.

Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethorutsof

procedurearewornintothehippocampus,they'd,

thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourlvescreateparallel

pathwaysthatcanbypassthooldroads.

"Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,"

saysDawnaMarkova,authorof"TheOpenMind"andanexecutivechange

consultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners."Butwearetaught

insteadto'decide,'justasourpresidentcallshimlf'the

Decider.'"Sheadds,however,that"todecideistokilloffall

nnovationalthinkerisalwayxploring

themanyotherpossibilities."

Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware,she

chersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththe

capacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,

procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)

puberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,prerving

onlythomodesofthoughtthathaveemedmostvaluableduringthe

firstdecadeorsooflife.

Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisand

procedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuourinnovativeand

collaborativemodesofthought."Thisbreaksthemajorruleinthe

Americanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,"explainsM.J.

Ryan,authorofthe2006book"ThisYearIWill..."a's

businesspartner."That'saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosters

gwhatyou'regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreates

excellence."Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.

wofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing________.

able

earchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe

________

23."ruts"(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclostmeaningto________

tions

a'scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting

________?

A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed

B,nolongeremphasizescommonness

C,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel

D,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem

stprobablyagreethat

rebornofarelaxingmind

tivenesscouldbetaught

venessderivesfromfantasticideas

ityactivatescreativeminds

Text2

Itisawifatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancan

boosthispaternal(fatherly)wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe's

thekid'eedstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytesting

kit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.

Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchadthePTKssincetheyfirst

becomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,

chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counter

antwodozencompaniesllDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,

ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.

Amongthemostpopular:paternityandkinshiptesting,which

adoptedchildrencanutofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatest

rageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessthatoffer

toarchforafamily'sgeographicroots.

Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouth

tsrequireapotential

candidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.

Butsomeobrversareskeptical,"Thereisakindoffalprecision

beinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,"says

TreyDuster,sthateach

individualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafew

tancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,

eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather'slineor

mitochondrialDNA,Acan

revealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,

forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixother

great-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14other

great-great-grandparents.

Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgood

s

udbysomecompaniesdon'trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybut

meansthataDNAdatabamaydifferdependingonthecompanythat

tion,thecomputerprogramsacompanyus

toestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerreview

oroutsideevaluation.

graphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK's___________.

[A]easyavailability

[B]flexibilityinpricing

[C]successfulpromotion

[D]popularitywithhouholds

dto__________.

[A]locateone'sbirthplace

[B]promotegeneticrearch

[C]identifyparent-childkinship

[D]choochildrenforadoption

calobrversbelievethatancestrytestingfails

to__________.

[A]tracedistantancestors

[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines

[C]fullyugeneticinformation

[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy

astparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfaces

is__________.

[A]disorganizeddatacollection

[B]overlappingdatababuilding

[C]excessivesamplecomparison

[D]lackofpatentevaluation

opriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________.

[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting

[B]DNAtestingandIt'sproblems

[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab

[D]liesbehindDNAtesting

Text3

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthin

poorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticians

alikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,

politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheandallothersocieties;

however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneofthevery

highestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoor

ortunatethatisit,becauneweducational

systemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomic

dingsofa

rearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinall

countriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigher

productivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnited

gago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapan

rcewasderidedaspoorlyeducated

was,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-asmblyproductivity.

iesofHondaNissan,and

Toyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapane

sreceivedon

thejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,the

rearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexican

workersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelabor

productivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry's

work.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomic

development?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotes

thedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'

all,that'rancestorswerehunters

andgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchabout

enhumanitybegantogetitsfood

inamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotential,they

creasinglyhighlevelof

educationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionfor

thecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.

Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytraps

withoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformal

fformaleducation,however,doesn'tconstrainthe

abilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimprove

ontrary,constraintson

improvingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdevelopingmore

quicklytherethanitis.

horholdsinparagraph1thattheimportantofeducationin

poorcountries___________.

[A]issubjectgroundlessdoubts

[B]hasfallenvictimofbias

[C]isconventionaldowngraded

[D]hasbeenoverestimated

atedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducation

system__________.

[A]challengeconomistsandpoliticians

[B]takeffortsofgenerations

[C]demandspriorityfromthegovernment

[D]requiressufficientlaborforce

orcesisthat

__________.

[A]theJapaneworkforceisbetterdisciplined

[B]theJapaneworkforceismoreproductive

[C]orcehasabettereducation

[D]orceismoreorganize

horquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducation

emerged__________.

[A]whenpeoplehadenoughtime

[B]priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

[C]whenpeopleonlongerwenthung

[D]asaresultofpressureongovernment

ingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation

__________.

[A]resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

[B]doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

[C]followsimprovedproductivity

[D]cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

Text4

Themostthoroughlystudiedinthehistoryofthenewworldarethe

ministersandpoliticalleadersofventeenth-centuryNewEngland.

AccordingtothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereel

incolonialAmericawas"Somuchimportantattachedtointellectual

pursuits"Accordingtomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland'sleaders

establishedthebasicthemesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,

dominantPuritantraditioninAmericanintellectuallife.

TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostart

withthePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideas

keepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemay

considertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeancultureadjusting

Englandcolonieswerethescenesof

importantepisodesinthepursuitofwidelyunderstoodidealsofcivility

andvirtuosity.

TheearlyttlersofMassachuttsBayincludedmenofimpressive

educationandinfluenceinEngland.`Besidestheninetyorsolearned

ministerswhocametoMassachuttschurchinthedecadeafter1629,There

werepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,

enwrote

andpublishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorld

audiences,andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectual

earnestness.

Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswereless

ewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsand

rvants,leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,Theinthinking

rnamedJohnDane,

whoemigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsfor

confusion,economic

frustrations,andreligioushope-allnametogetherinadecisivemoment

whenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthefirstlinehesawwould

ttlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:"comeoutfromamongthem,

touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyoushallbemypeople."

OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulrmonxplainingtheBible

thatheheardinpuritanchurched.

Meanwhile,manyttleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthan

Dane's,asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwho

mockedthattheyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion."Ourmain

endwastocatchfish."

hornotesthatintheventeenth-centuryNew

England___________.

[A]Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife.

[B]intellectualinterestswereencouraged.

[C]Politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors.

[D]intellectualpursuitnjoyedaliberalenvironment.

ggestedinparagraph2thatNewEnglanders__________.

[A]experiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory.

[B]broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld

[C]paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife

[D]wereobsdwithreligiousinnovations

lyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachutts

Bay__________.

[A]werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings

[B]gainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairs

[C]abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld

[D]createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland

ryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanders

wereoften__________.

[A]influencedbysuperstitions

[B]troubledwithreligiousbeliefs

[C]puzzledbychurchrmons

[D]frustratedwithfamilyearnings

tsuggeststhatearlyttlersinNewEngland__________.

[A]weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities

[B]weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect

[C]camefromdifferentbackgrounds.

[D]leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference

PartB

Directions:

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,

Questions(41-45),choothemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofit

retwoextrachoices,whichdo

uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10

points)

Coincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolution

propodbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,British

socialphilosopherHerbertSpencerputforwardhisowntheoryof

rarguedthatallworldly

phenomena,includinghumansocieties,changedovertime,advancing

towardperfection.41.____________.

AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanother

,alongwithTylor,

ork,heattempted

toshowhowallaspectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionof

societies.42._____________.

Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-bornAmerican

anthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownas

icalparticularism,whichemphasized

theuniquenessofallcultures,gavenewdirectiontoanthropology.

43._____________.

Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodasthe

resultofauniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingto

abroaderevolutionarystageortypeofculture.44._______________.

Historicalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyof

cultureinAmericananthropology,largelythroughtheinfluenceofmany

mberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salso

rejectedtheparticularisttheoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.

Someattributedvirtuallyeveryimportantculturalachievementtothe

inventionsofafew,especiallygiftedpeoplesthat,accordingto

diffusionists,thenspreadtoothercultures.45.________________.

Alsointheearly1900s,FrenchsociologistÉmileDurkheimdeveloped

im

propodthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinforcesocial

restintherelationshipbetweenthefunctionof

societyandculture—knownasfunctionalism—becameamajorthemein

European,andespeciallyBritish,anthropology.

[A]Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations,suchas

inventions,hadasingleoriginandpasdfromsocietytosociety.

Thistheorywasknownasdiffusionism.

[B]Inordertostudyparticularculturesascompletelyaspossible,Boas

becameskilledinlinguistics,thestudyoflanguages,andin

physicalanthropology,thestudyofhumanbiologyandanatomy.

[C]Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehe

calledthe"survivalofthefittest,"inwhichweakerracesand

societiesmusteventuallybereplacedbystronger,moreadvanced

racesandsocieties.

[D]Theyalsofocudonimportantritualsthatappearedtoprervea

people'ssocialstructure,suchasinitiationceremoniesthat

formallysignifychildren'ntranceintoadulthood.

[E]Thus,inhisview,diveraspectsofculture,suchasthestructure

offamilies,formsofmarriage,categoriesofkinship,ownershipof

property,formsofgovernment,technology,andsystemsoffood

production,allchangedassocietievolved.

[F]Supportersofthetheoryviewedasacollectionofintegratedparts

thatworktogethertokeepasocietyfunctioning.

[G]Forexample,BritishanthropologistsGraftonElliotSmithandW.J.

Perryincorrectlysuggested,onthebasisofinadequateinformation,

thatfarming,potterymaking,andmetallurgyalloriginatedin

,allof

theculturaldevelopmentsoccurredparatelyatdifferenttimes

inmanypartsoftheworld.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

anslationshouldbewrittencarefullyon

ANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Thereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryone

getsfromlivingwithothers,andthedeliberateeducatingoftheyoung.

Intheformercatheeducationisincidental;itisnaturaland

important,butitisnottheexpressreasonoftheassociation.(46)It

maybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocialinstitutionis

itffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;butthiffectisnot

ousassociationsbegan,forexample,

inthedesiretocurethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoff

evilinfluences;familylifeinthedesiretogratifyappetitesand

curefamilyperpetuity;systematiclabor,forthemostpart,becau

ofenslavementtoothers,etc.(47)Onlygraduallywastheby-product

oftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiffect

today,inourindustriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesof

industriousnessandthrift,theintellectualandemotionalreactionof

theformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworld'sworkiscarried

onreceiveslittleattentionascomparedwithphysicaloutput.

Butindealingwiththeyoung,thefactofassociationitlfasan

immediatehumanfact,gainsinimportance.(48)Whileitiasytoignore

inourcontactwiththemtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,

doftrainingistoo

evident;thepressuretoaccomplishachangeintheirattitudeandhabits

istoourgenttoleavetheconquenceswhollyoutofaccount.(49)

Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareinacommon

lifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornoweareformingthepowers

nityhasmadesomeheadwayin

realizingthattheultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisits

distinctivelyhumaneffectwemaywellbelievethatthislessonhasbeen

learnedlargelythroughdealingswiththeyoung.

(50)Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducational

processwhichwehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindof

velopedsocial

groups,roups

mainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositionsintotheyounguponthe

samesortofassociationwhichkeepstheadultsloyaltotheirgroup.

SectionⅢWriting

PartA

ions:

Restrictionsontheuofplasticbagshavenotbeensosuccessful

insomeregions."Whitepollution"letterto

theeditor(s)ofyourlocalnewspaperto

giveyouropinionsbrieflyand

maketwoorthreesuggestions

ignyourownnameatthe

"LiMing"otneedtowritethe

address.

PartB

ions:

Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(20points)

2009年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:UofEnglish(10points)

1.B2.A3.D4.B5.C

6.A7.D8.C9.B10.D

11.D12.B13.C14.D15.A

16.C17.B18.A19.A20.C

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.C22.D23.A24.D25.A

26.A27.C28.D29.A30.B

31.D32.B33.B34.C35.C

36.B37.B38.D39.A40.C

PartB(10points)

41.C42.E43.A44.B45.G

PartC(10points)

46.虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生

方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。

47.人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构

运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。

48.虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的

影响，然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。

49.由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因

此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。

50.这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正

式的教育形式，即直接讲授或学校教育。

SectionIII:Writing(30points)

PartA(10points)

51.参考范文

DearEditor:

Iamwritingthislettertodrawyourattentiontothedeteriorating

situationof“whitepollution”insomeregionsdespitethe

implementationofrestrictionsontheuofplasticbags.

Inordertoputaneffectivestoptothewidespreadof“white

pollution”,y,

thepriceofplasticbagsshouldbefurtherraid;Secondly,special

governmentdepartmentsshouldbeestablishedtosupervithemakingand

usingofplasticbagstoensuretheyareudwhenreallyneeded.

Ihopemysuggestionswouldbeofhelpandthankyouforyour

attention.

SincerelyYours

LiMing

PartB(20points)

52.参考范文

Vividlydepictedinthecartoonisaraceofhumansonasocial

eall

sittinginfrontoftheircomputers,connectedtoeachotherthroughthe

Internetandtheirdevotedlooksandposturesshowedtheiraddictionto

theInternet.

Thiscartoon,Ibelieve,intendstodrawourattentionstothe

negativeeffectstheInternethasbroughttoourdailylifeasitbrings

insomebenefits,suchaasyaccesstoinformation,instant

morepeoplearehookedtotheNet,themoreisolatedtheyarefromthe

eoplecaneasilypretendtheiridentitiesonthe

Internet,

Internet,whichwasintendedtobringpeopleclortoeachother,in

effectpreventspeoplefrommakingrealacquaintancesthatonecanmake

withacasualexchangeofgreetingsandeye-contactinaface-to-face

communication.

Seriousconquences,suchasfearofreal-timeinteractions,online

cheatingorblackmailing,mayfollowiftheuoftheInternetisnot

glysuggestthatpeopleonly

utheInternetfornecessarybusinesstransactionsandpersonal

contactswiththotheyhavealreadyknownfacetoface.

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthan

at2bird,ascientist

edpopularizethe

ideathatsomediasnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcauwere

actuallyinfections,whicharoudmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirst

suggested.

5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.

Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnot

only7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,

upin8

cessis

naturallection.

ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe

10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualand

culturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingveral

world-renownedscientists,sosuffermoreoftenthanmost

peoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdias,suchasbreastcancer.

Thefacts,14,mer

hasbeen15tosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16

terwasenasa(an).

Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiasareintimately18.

Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthepeoplehas19them

touniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20state

ofaffairs.

1.[A]lected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]plead

2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare

3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against

4.[A]subquently[B]prently[C]previously

[D]lately

5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence

6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk

7.[A]advis[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects

8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question

9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating

10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total

11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately

[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably

12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers

13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]obrve[D]approve

14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile

15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown

16.[A]asssing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing

17.[A]development[B]origin[C]conquence[D]instrument

18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined

19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed

20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable

[D]continuous

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,women

appeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“Womenare

particularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisorders

inrespontostresscomparedtomen,”,chief

psychiatristatNewYork’sVeteran’sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatxhormones

somehowaffectthestressrespon,causingfemalesunderstressto

producemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesame

ralofthestudies,whenstresd-outfemaleratshad

theirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemical

responsbecameequaltothoofthemales.

Addingtoawoman’sincreaddoofstresschemicals,areher

incread“opportunities”forstress.“It’snotnecessarilythat

womendon’’sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocope

with,”.“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayeven

begreaterthanmen’s,”sheobrves,“it’sjustthatthey’redealing

withsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisibly

andsooner.”

notesanotherdifferencebetweenthexes.“Ithinkthat

thekindsofthingsthatwomenareexpodtotendtobeinmoreofa

owarandareexpodtocombatstress.

dsof

interpersonalviolencethatwomenareexpodtotendtobeindomestic

situations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andthey

r-and-tearthatcomesfromthe

longerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwas

determinedtofinishcollege.“Istruggledalottogetthecollege

vinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,to

gotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”Later,hermarriageended

andshebecameasinglemother.“It’sthehardestthingtotakecare

ofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpay

frompaychecktopaycheck.”

Noteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofverechronicstress

twomentodayarecopingwithalotof

obligations,withfewbreaks,z’s

experiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffustress

beforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

fthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

[A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

[B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscaudbymen.

[C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

[D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

’srearchsuggeststhatwomen

[A]needextradosofchemicalstohandlestress.

[B]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

[C]aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

[D]areexpodtomorestress.

ingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe

[A]domesticandtemporary.

[B]irregularandviolent.

[C]durableandfrequent.

[D]trivialandrandom.

tence“Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”(Line6,Para.

5)showsthat

[A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

[B]Alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouholdexpens.

[C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

[D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

fthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

[B]ResponstoStress:GenderDifference

[C]StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

[D]GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

Text2

frearchersworking

togetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirrearch

aleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesand

affiliationsfromthepaperandndittotheirpeersforreview.

Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaper

ghtrestedwiththejournal

publisher,andrearchersekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhave

tosubscribetothejournal.

ernet–andpressurefromfundingagencies,who

arequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfrom

government-fundedrearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit–ismaking

anizationforEconomic

Co-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribing

ort,byJohnHoughtonof

VictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makes

heavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.

alsachangeinwhathas,until

now,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentin

rearchdepends,inpart,

ica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketis

estimatedatbetween$7billionand$ernational

AssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthat

therearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthe

blishmorethan1.2millionarticleachyearinsome

16,000journals.

ingtotheOECDreport,some75%of

lynewbusinessmodelsare

emerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport’

istheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccess

toacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensing

sopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedby

askingtheauthor(orhimployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.

Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchas

universitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutional

odelxistthatarehybridsofthethree,such

asdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoread

apaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailableto

scouldchangethetraditionalform

ofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

irstparagraph,theauthordiscuss

[A]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.

[B]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.

[C]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.

[D]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.

fthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?

[A]Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedrearch.

[B]Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.

[C]Ituptsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.

[D]Itbenefitsscientificrearchconsiderably.

ingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat

[A]itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.

[B]itbringshugeprofitstoscientificrearchers.

[C]itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.

[D]itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificrearch.

eopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperis

requiredto

[A]coverthecostofitspublication.

[B]subscribetothejournalpublishingit.

[C]allowotheronlinejournalstouitfreely.

[D]completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.

fthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?

[A]TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.

[B]Anewmodeofpublicationimerging.

[C]Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.

[D]Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlinervice.

Text3

Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayers

intheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatovervenfeet.

Ifhehadplayedlastason,however,

bodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyover

theyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteam

uniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:

typicallyabouttwo

inchestallernowthan140yearsago,today’speople–especiallytho

ygenerations–

yaren’t

likelytogetanytaller.“Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthis

genetic,environmentallevel,we’veprettymuchgoneasfaraswecan

go,”saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightState

aofNBAplayers,theirincreainheightappears

toresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayers

fromallovertheworld.

Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscalories

andnutrients–notably,protein–

startofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgot

ietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescents

have,onaverage,increadinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery

20years,ording

totheCentersforDiaControlandPrevention,averageheight–5′

9″formen,5′4″forwomen–hasn’treallychangedsince1960.

Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantial

childbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassing

er,eventhoughhumanshavebeenupright

formillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedal

postureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimpodbyoversize

limbs.“Therearesomerealconstraintsthataretbythegenetic

architectureoftheindividualorganism,”saysanthropologistWilliam

LeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.

Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon’texpectthistohappensoon.

,nioranthropologistattheArmyRearchCenterin

Natick,Mass.,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstations

sthat,unlikethofor

basketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.

Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesigna

pieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,“youcouldu

today’sdataandfeelfairlyconfident.”

amberlainiscitedasanexampleto

[A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.

[B]showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..

[C]comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.

[D]assstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.

fthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingto

thetext?

[A]Geneticmodification.

[B]Naturalenvironment.

[C]Livingstandards.

[D]Dailyexerci.

hofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobably

agree?

[A]Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.

[B]Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture.

[C]Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld.

[D]Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood.

nfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuture

[A]thegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformsize.

[B]thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.

[C]genetictestingwillbeemployedinlectingsportsmen.

[D]theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable.

tintendstotellusthat

[A]thechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.

[B]humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable.

[C]Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.

[D]thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered.

Text4

In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,

GeorgeWashington,52,redadentistto

transplantnineteethintohisjaw–havingextractedthemfromthe

mouthsofhisslaves.

That’safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorge

ently,many

historianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelives

vebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidence

madeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJefferson

y

overthepast30yearshavescholarxaminedhistoryfromthebottom

fveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromismadebythe

nation’arlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry’sinfancy.

Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknew

slaverywaswrong–andyetmostdidlittletofightit.

Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehampered

ashingtonandJeffersonprivately

expresddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspart

ofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedto

create.

Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves.

Owningslaveswas“likehavingalargebankaccount,”saysWiencek,

authorofAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andthe

thernstateswouldnothavesignedthe

Constitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe“peculiarinstitution,”

includingaclauthatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanfor

purposofcongressionalreprentation.

Andthestatesmen’

three-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthe

presidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthern

office,Jeffersonextended

slaverywiththeLouisianaPurchain1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto

13states,includingthreeslavestates.

Still,JeffersonfreedHemings’schildren–thoughnotHemings

gton,whohadbegun

tobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobrvingthebravery

oftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrong

oppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.

Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislative

approvalinVirginia.

Washington’sdentalsurgeryismentionedto

[A]showtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.

[B]demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays.

[C]y.

[D]revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.

nferfromthecondparagraphthat

[A]DNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryrearch.

[B]frontedwithdelicate

situations.

[C]historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson’s

life.

[D]politicalcompromisareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.

history.

welearnaboutThomasJefferson?

[A]Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery.

[B]Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves.

[C]Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex.

[D]Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige.

fthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.

[B]Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote.

[C]Slaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.

[D]Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.

gton’sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis

[A]moralconsiderations.

[B]militaryexperience.

[C]financialconditions.

[D]politicalstand.

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,stions

41—45,choothemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeach

retwoextrachoices,whichdonotfit

uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingyourdesk,anddoing

stdraftwill

appearonthepageonlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsit,stand

up,orliedowntowrite.(41)

tlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepoint

tothenext,evantand

importantideaoccurstoyounow,workitintothedraft.(42)Grammar,

punctuation,trateonwhat

itingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuit

ofanidearatherthaninanervousarchforerrors.

(43)Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatway,and,if

youhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceitelwhere,youwillnotlo

anywritingontheotherside.

Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessor,youcantakeadvantageof

itscapacitytomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentire

ftware

programscanalsocheckspellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyour

writing.(44)Theprintoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreen

whenyouworkonrevisions.

Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaper,youcandeletematerialthat

isunrelatedtoyourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyour

dentwhowrote“TheA&

PasaStateofMind”wilydroppedaparagraphthatquestionedwhether

Sammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestowardwomen.(45)

uldgothrough

thepapermanytimes–andthenagain–workingtosubstantiateand

evenendupwithveralentireversionsof

tenceswithineachparagraphshouldberelated

tionsshouldconnectoneparagraphtothenext

dorwordyphrasing

orunclearntencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedand

proddedintoshape.

[A]Tomakerevisingeasier,leavewidemarginsandextraspacebetween

linessothatyoucaneasilyaddwords,ntences,andcorrections.

Writeononlyonesideofthepaper.

[B]Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyour

paper,payparticularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcluding

’sprobablybesttowritetheintroductionlast,

ding

paragraphsdemandequalattentionbecautheyleavethereaderwith

afinalimpression.

[C]It’sworthremembering,however,thatthoughacleancopyfreshoff

aprintermaylookterrific,itwillreadonlyaswellasthethinking

itersprudentlystore

theirdataondisksandprinttheirpageachtimetheyfinisha

drafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauofpowerfailuresorother

problems.

[D]Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwrite,tyou

havedevelopedatopicintoatentativethesis,youcanasmbleyour

notesandbegintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade.

[E]Althoughthisisaninterestingissue,ithasnothingtodowiththe

thesis,whichexplainshowthettinginfluencesSammy’sdecision

dofincludingthatparagraph,sheaddedone

thatdescribedLengel’scrabbedrespontothegirlssothatshe

couldleaduptotheA&P“policy”heenforces.

[F]Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthettingin“A

&P,”thestudentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjob

byreferringtohisrefusaltoacceptLengel’sstorepolicies.

[G]Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwant

tosay,youwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginally

ofgoodwritersdon’tuoutlinesatallbut

ttempttocompo

aperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyon

ANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimlfspeaksofhisintellectual

tsoutthathealways

experiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimlfclearlyandconcily,

but(46)hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthe

compensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabout

everyntence,andthunablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningand

laimedtheposssionofanygreat

quicknessofapprehensionorwit,suchasdistinguishedHuxley.(47)He

asrted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrain

ofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathe

ory,too,he

describedaxtensive,inonenwasitthathe

nevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoraline

ofpoetry.(48)Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthe

chargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobrver,

,hethought,couldnotbetrue,becau

the“OriginofSpecies”isonelongargumentfromthebeginningtothe

end,,hesubmits,couldhave

illing

toasrtthat“Ihaveafairshareofinvention,andofcommonn

orjudgment,suchaveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthave,

butnot,Ibelieve,inanyhigherdegree.”(49)Headdshumblythat

perhapshewas“superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthings

whicheasilyescapeattention,andinobrvingthemcarefully.”

Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpresdtheopinionthat

intwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwenty

eageofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykinds

ly,too,pictureshadgivenhim

considerable,andmusicverygreat,1881,however,hesaid:

“

alsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic.”(50)Darwinwas

convincedthatthelossofthetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,

butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellect,andmoreprobablyto

themoralcharacter.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

ions:

YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyour

luggagethatyouforgottoreturntoBob,im

aletterto

1)makeanapology,and

2)suggestasolution.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

“LiMing”

instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

ions:

youressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

2008年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:UofEnglish(10points)

1.B2.D3.A4.C5.C

6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C

11.B12.D13.A14.C15.D

16.D17.C18.A19.B20.A

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.A22.D23.C24.B25.D

26.D27.C28.A29.A30.B

31.A32.C33.B34.D35.C

36.D37.B38.C39.A40.B

PartB(10points)

41.D42.G43.A44.C45.E

PartC(10points)

46.他认为或许正因为（语言表达上的）这种困难，他不得不对自己要说的每

句话都经过长时间的认真思考，从而能发现自己在推理和观察中的错误，

结果这反而成为他的优点。

47.他还坚持认为自己进行长时间纯抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他也认定

自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。

48.另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这

种说法也是缺乏根据的。

49.他又自谦的说，或许自己“在注意到容易被忽略的事物，并对其加以仔细

观察方面优于常人”。

50.达尔文确信，没有了这些爱好不只是少了乐趣，而且可能会有损于一个人

的思维能力，更有可能导致一个人道德品质的下降。

SectionIII:Writing(30points)

PartA(10points)

51.参考范文

（略）

PartB(20points)

52.参考范文

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguecolonieshadbecome

ghly20million1ofthenationslooked

thecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberian

Colonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theidealsof

reprentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerce

andtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividual

asthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnations

shouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobe

economicallyviableandintegratedbya7toflaws.

Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9,

atholicismhadbeen

thestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.12most

leaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthe

newstates,enof

theChurchbecamearallying15fortheconrvativeforces.

Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoften

egalitarian,rhadreceivedaid

fromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareashe

1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s

romistoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeople

ofmixedorigincamemuch18becauthenewnationsstillneededthe

arianntimentswereoftentempered

byfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20lf-ruleand

democracy.

1.[A]natives

[B]inhabitants

[C]peoples

[D]individuals

2.[A]confudly

[B]cheerfully

[C]worriedly

[D]hopefully

3.[A]shared

[B]forgot

[C]attained

[D]rejected

4.[A]related

[B]clo

[C]open

[D]devoted

5.[A]access

[B]succession

[C]right

[D]return

6.[A]Presumably

[B]Incidentally

[C]Obviously

[D]Generally

7.[A]unique

[B]common

[C]particular

[D]typical

8.[A]freedom

[B]origin

[C]impact

[D]reform

9.[A]therefore

[B]however

[C]indeed

[D]moreover

10.[A]with

[B]about

[C]among

[D]by

11.[A]allowed

[B]preached

[C]granted

[D]funded

12.[A]Since

[B]If

[C]Unless

[D]While

13.[A]as

[B]for

[C]under

[D]against

14.[A]spread

[B]interference

[C]exclusion

[D]influence

15.[A]support

[B]cry

[C]plea

[D]wish

16.[A]urged

[B]intended

[C]expected

[D]promid

17.[A]controlling

[B]former

[C]remaining

[D]original

18.[A]slower

[B]faster

[C]easier

[D]tougher

19.[A]created

[B]produced

[C]contributed

[D]preferred

20.[A]puzzledby

[B]hostileto

[C]pessimisticabout

[D]unpreparedfor

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40

points)

Text1

Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayer

in2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthy

quirk:elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenborninthe

henexamined

theEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupand

professionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeeven

morepronounced.

Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafew

guess:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;

b)winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,which

increassoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelyto

conceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d)

noneoftheabove.

AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaState

University,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”Ericsson

grewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhe

wouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownrearchifheswitched

stexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:

trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomriesofnumbers.

“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigit

spanhadrinfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,

andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrintoover80numbers.”

Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterrearchshowingthatmemoryitlf

isnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactof

r

words,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheir

abilitiestomemorize,thodifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleach

person“encodes”bestwaytolearnhowtoencode

informationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownas

ratepracticeentailsmorethansimply

,itinvolvesttingspecificgoals,obtaining

immediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.

Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpert

performersinawiderangeofpursuits,ther

allthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographical

detailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswith

orkmakesaratherstartlingasrtion:thetrait

,putanotherway,expert

performers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputer

programming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.

thdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto

[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.

[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.

[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakexpertperformance.

[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.

d“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans

[A]fun.

[B]craze.

[C]hysteria.

[D]excitement.

ingtoEricsson,goodmemory

[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocessingofinformation.

[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercis.

[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.

[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.

onandhiscolleaguesbelievethat

[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.

[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.

[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.

[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.

fthefollowingproverbsisclosttothemessagethetext

triestoconvey?

[A]“Faithwillmovemountains.”

[B]“Onereapswhatonesows.”

[C]“Practicemakesperfect.”

[D]“Likefather,likeson.”

Text2

Forthepastveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParade

hasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”Peopleareinvitedtoquery

MarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeone

about23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreever

saskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,to

envisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumerical

quences,abitconfusingwhenvos

SavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoIQis100)as,

What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenature

ofluckandcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualize

objectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswer

questionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.

Clearly,

whatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofintelligencecanbespecified,

andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computer

scienceandotherfields?

Thedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillemstobethe

IQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyudto

tcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-Binet

IntelligenceScaleandtheWechslerIntelligenceScales(bothcomein

adultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingveralhundred

dollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,although

igh

scoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becauscoringisnow

badonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,rather

thansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageand

tandardizedtests,suchastheScholastic

AsssmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethe

mainaspectsofIQtests.

Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotasssalltheimportantelements

necessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,erg.

Inhisarticle“HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?”,Sternberg

notesthattraditionaltestbestasssanalyticalandverbalskillsbut

failtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalso

er,IQtestsdonot

necessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.

RearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetests

weregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,

IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredicted

whohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythat

test-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessor

whatquestionstoskip.

fthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?

[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.

[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.

[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.

[D]Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.

nbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?

[A]PeoplenolongeruIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.

[B]MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet.

[C]Thetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybe

different.

[D]Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhuman

intelligence.

nowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvos

Savant’sbecau

[A]thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputational

procedures.

[B]creativityratherthananalyticalskillsimphasizednow.

[C]vosSavant’scaisanextremeonethatwillnotrepeat.

[D]thedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshaschanged.

oncludefromthelastparagraphthat

[A]testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.

[B]IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.

[C]testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.

[D]traditionaltestareoutofdate.

theauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?

[A]Supportive.

[B]Skeptical.

[C]Impartial.

[D]Biad.

Text3

Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythat

oncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitlffinancially

pinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspoucanreduceafamily

fromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.

Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,

rs,policymakers,and

criticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthe

changes,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrin

’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnew

ult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyonce

hadintimesoffinancialtback–aback-upearner(usuallyMom)who

couldgointotheworkforceiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfell

“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetoffered

byunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamilies

ay,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescanno

longerbemadeupwithextraincomefromanotherwi-stay-at-home

partner.

Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmore

orkers,airlineemployees,and

nowthointheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomust

worryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharsh

hofthe

pastyear,PresidentBushcampaignedtomoveSocialSecuritytoa

saving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheir

youngerfamilies,eabsolutecost

ofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverin–and

newlyfashionablehealth-savingsplansarespreadingfromlegislative

hallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenew

doofinvestmentriskforfamilies’

demographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheodds

ofhavingaweakelderlyparent–andalltheattendantneedforphysical

andfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustonegeneration.

Fromthemiddle-classfamilyperspective,muchofthis,

understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercimore

financialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrightening

accelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralready

ancialfallouthasbegun,andthe

politicalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind.

’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskin

that

[A]thesafetynettheyudtoenjoyhasdisappeared.

[B]theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincread.

[C]theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.

[D]theyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityinsurance.

ultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave

[A]ahighernofcurity.

[B]lesscuredpayments.

[C]lesschancetoinvest.

[D]aguaranteedfuture.

ingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill

[A]helpreducethecostofhealthcare.

[B]popularizeamongthemiddleclass.

[C]compensateforthereducedpensions.

[D]increathefamilies’investmentrisk.

einferredfromthelastparagraphthat

[A]financialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalrisks.

[B]themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.

[C]financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.

[D]financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.

fthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistext?

[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert

[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff

[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict

[D]TheMiddleClassinRuins

Text4

bossandboardshavefinally

sortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimproved

theirfeeblecorporationgovernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem

–especiallyinAmerica–thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitably

leadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite:,

untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,andenasaconcern

onlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking,telecomsandairtravel,

informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss’sagendainbusiness

ofeveryvariety.

Severalmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear–

fromorganizationsasdiverasTimeWarner,theAmericandefen

contractorScienceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventhe

UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley–haveleftmanagershurriedly

peeringintotheirintricateITsystemsandbusinessprocessinarch

ofpotentialvulnerabilities.

“Dataisbecominganastwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasany

otherast,”saysHaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity’sbusiness

school.“Theabilitytoguardcustomerdataisthekeytomarketvalue,

whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders.”Indeed,

justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples

(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP,GenerallyAcceptedSecurity

Practices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork’sColumbiaBusinessSchool.

“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforcurity,redundancy,and

recoveryisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.

itshouldbeobvioustothedimmestexecutivethattrust,thatmost

valuableofeconomicasts,iasilydestroyedandhugelyexpensive

torestore–andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthan

acompanylettingnsitivepersonaldatagetintothewronghands.

Thecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged–thoughnot

justified–bythelackoflegalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)

aliforniarecentlypasdalaw,Americanfirms

didnothavetotellanyone,eventhevictim,

maychangefast:lotsofpropoddata-curitylegislationisnowdoing

theroundsinWashington,ile,thetheftofinformationabout

some40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclodonJune17th,

overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearlierbyAmerica’s

FederalTradeCommission(FTC)thatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethat

regulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatacurity.

tement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isudtointroduce

[A]thefiercebusinesscompetition.

[B]thefeebleboss-boardrelations.

[C]thethreatfromnewsreports.

[D]theverityofdataleakage.

ingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemsto

findout

[A]whetherthereisanyweakpoint.

[B]whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.

[C]whoisresponsiblefortheleakage.

[D]howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.

ginguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepoint

that

[A]shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.

[B]informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.

[C]businessshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingcurity.

[D]themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.

ingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomeboss

failto

[A]ethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.

[B]perceivethensitivityofpersonaldata.

[C]realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.

[D]appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.

einferredfromParagraph5that

[A]dataleakageismorevereinEurope.

[B]FTC’sdecisionisntialtodatacurity.

[C]Californiatakestheleadincuritylegislation.

[D]legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleakage.

PartB

Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparents

a

headingfromthelistA—Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumbered

partofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextare

retwoextraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtou.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

odExampleforYourKids

ourKids’WorkSkills

imeLimitsonLeisureActivities

outtheFutureonaRegularBasis

dsDevelopCopingStrategies

urKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre

ourKids’SenofResponsibility

HowCanaParentHelp?

Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearly

ajob’sstartingsalaryemstoosmall

tosatisfyanemergingadult’sneedforrapidcontent,thetransition

fromschooltoworkcanbelessofatbackifthestart-upadultis

eafewmeasures,drawnfrommybookReady

orNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall

“work-lifeunreadiness.”

41

icallyreview

theiremergingstrengthsandweaknesswiththemandworktogetheron

anyshortcomings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.

Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,asthe

offercluestothecareersthatwillfitthembest.

42

Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asoppodtomembers

oftheirclique,gular

dinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygot

sthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerand

ked

whattheywanttodo,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying“Ihave

noidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200times,buthavingonlyafoggy

viewofthefutureisoflittlegood.

43

Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parents

responsibilitiesaroundthehouandmakesurehomeworkdeadlinesare

edplentyof

practicedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizational

skills,suchasmanagingtimeandttingpriorities.

44

rsof

watchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocess

ametime,listeningthrough

earphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchencourageskids

theactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofimportantcommunicationand

thinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekindof

sustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.

45

Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithtbacks,stressandfeelings

ouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolve

conflicts,sionsathome

canhelpkidspracticedoingthethingsandhelpthemapplytheskills

toeverydaylifesituations.

Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutemstobestruggling

andwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhavea

majorroletoplay,vetobecareful

ouldexhibit

stronginterestandrespectforwhatevercurrentlyintereststheir

fledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitmayem)whilebecoming

all,thenew

adultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythat

appreciatesthem.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyon

ANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Thestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasic

r,onlyin

recentyearshasitbecomeafeatureofundergraduateprogramsin

Canadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeen

viewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialprerveoflawyers,rather

thananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.

Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationis

establishingitlfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehave

evenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinlaw.

Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitlfaspartand

parcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappeal

disciplinewhichencourages

nehand,itprovidesopportunitiesto

analyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.(47)Ontheother,

itlinkstheconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichis

paralleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycover

mple,notionsofevidenceandfact,of

basicrightsandpublicinterestareatworkintheprocessof

ning

judgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentof

ajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.

(48)Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmore

profoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingofthe

establishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.

Politicsor,morebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajor

terinformedtheyareaboutthewaythe

stateworks,thebettertheirreportingwillbe.(49)Infact,itis

difficulttoehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthe

basicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobon

politicalstories.

Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinit

hequalityoflegal

journalismvariesgreatly,thereisanunduerelianceamongstmany

journalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothembylawyers.(50)While

commentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferable

forjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmake

anonlycomefromawell-grounded

understandingofthelegalsystem.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

ions:

Writealettertoyouuniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsfor

improvingitsrvice.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

“LiMing”

instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

ions:

youressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

2007年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:UofEnglish(10points)

1.B2.D3.A4.C5.C

6.D7.B8.A9.B10.C

11.A12.D13.A14.C15.B

16.D17.C18.A19.B20.D

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C

26.D27.C28.A29.A30.B

31.C32.B33.D34.C35.B

36.D37.A38.B39.A40.D

PartB(10points)

41.F42.D43.B44.C45.E

PartC(10points)

46.长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个

受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

47.另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报

道和评论新闻的做法是相同的。

48.新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，而这种看法是基于他们对新

闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。

49.事实上，很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者

何以能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

50.尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己

对重要性的理解自行做出判断。

SectionIII:Writing(30points)

PartA(10points)

51.参考范文

January20th,2007

DearSirorMadam,

I’mastudentintheuniversityandaloyalreaderofthislibrary.

I’mwritingtotellsomeofmyideas,whichIhopetobehelpfulfor

you.

d

suggestintroducingsomenewjournalssoastobringnewfreshairto

rmore,sincewehaveahugenumberofbooks,itis

r,ifwecanintroducesome

newarchingmeans,suchasimplementingnewinformationmanagement

systemthatwouldbeuful.

ThankyoufortakingtimereadingthisletterandI’mlooking

forwardtoeingsomenewchangessoon.

SincerelyYours,

LiMing

PartB(20points)

52.参考范文

Ascanbeenfromthecartoon,differentideasmaycomefromthe

icture,whiletryingtocatchtheupcomingsoccer,

,thestrikersimply

thinksinadifferentway,thatiswhyitissosmall?

Whatmakessuchabigcontraryonthesametournamentatthesame

moment?Itisnodoubtthattheyarefacingtheverysamegoaland

r,thesubjectiveviewsresult

usmaystillremember

thestoryofaponycrossingtheriver,whichwelearnedfromthetextbook

irreltellshim,theriverisdeep;andthe

cowtellshim,r,intheend,hetells

ore,itisnotexaggeratingtosaythat

tive

mentalstatusmayresultinareallybigdifferenceinpersonalviews,

justlikethegoal-keeperandthestrikerinthedrawing.

Apossiblesolutionmightbetofaceanysituationasobjectively

alizethisinanobjectiveway,itwouldbegood

forustodealwithwhatweencounterinlife,especiallywhenweare

intbacksorfacingdifficulties.

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.

1homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernments

can’homelesspeople3independence,the

federalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimum

wage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.

5everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.

Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,

analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis

hefederalgovernment’sstudies9thatthenumberofthe

homelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.

Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecome

increasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofind

a12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,

theproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.

Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveriousmentaldisorders.

Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday

GlobereporterChris

Reidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17

programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18Edward

Zlotkowski,directorofcommunityrviceatBentleyCollegein

Massachutts,19it,“’s

neededisapackagedeal.”

1.[A]Indeed

[B]Likewi

[C]Therefore

[D]Furthermore

2.[A]stand

[B]cope

[C]approve

[D]retain

3.[A]in

[B]for

[C]with

[D]toward

4.[A]rai

[B]add

[C]take

[D]keep

5.[A]generally

[B]almost

[C]hardly

[D]not

6.[A]cover

[B]change

[C]range

[D]differ

7.[A]Nowthat

[B]Although

[C]Provided

[D]Exceptthat

8.[A]inflating

[B]expanding

[C]increasing

[D]extending

9.[A]predicts

[B]displays

[C]proves

[D]discovers

10.[A]assist

[B]track

[C]sustain

[D]dismiss

11.[A]Hence

[B]But

[C]Even

[D]Only

12.[A]lodging

[B]shelter

[C]dwelling

[D]hou

13.[A]arching

[B]strolling

[C]crowding

[D]wandering

14.[A]when

[B]once

[C]while

[D]whereas

15.[A]life

[B]existence

[C]survival

[D]maintenance

16.[A]around

[B]over

[C]on

[D]up

17.[A]complex

[B]comprehensive

[C]complementary

[D]compensating

18.[A]So

[B]Since

[C]As

[D]Thus

19.[A]puts

[B]interprets

[C]assumes

[D]makes

20.[A]supervision

[B]manipulation

[C]regulation

[D]coordination

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40

points)

Text1

Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisan

s“thedemocratizing

uniformityofdressanddiscour,andthecasualnessandabnceof

deference”areabsorbedinto

“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartment

storesthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.

Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thewere

stores“anyonecouldenter,

turnedshoppingintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,

advertisingandsportsareotherforcesforhomogenization.

Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmay

gforthe

NationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’s

immigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistantto

1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,

10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedfor

every1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.

Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation--language,homeownership

andintermarriage.

The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeach

ofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’

or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”Thechildrenof

immigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethird

generation,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrant

families.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”for

1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970

hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8percent

rateamongnative-bornAmericans.

Foreign-bornAsiansandHispanics“havehigherratesof

intermarriagethandoU.S.-bornwhitesandblacks.”Bythethird

generation,onethirdofHispanicwomenaremarriedtonon-Hispanics,

and41percentofAsian-Americanwomenaremarriedtonon-Asians.

Rodrigueznotesthatchildreninremotevillagesaroundtheworld

arefansofsuperstarslikeArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooks,yet

“someAmericansfearthatimmigrantslivingwithintheUnitedStates

remainsomehowimmunetothenation’sassimilativepower.”

AretheredivisiveissuesandpocketsofethingangerinAmerica?

ticularly

whenviewedagainstAmerica’sturbulentpast,today’ssocialindices

hardlysuggestadarkanddeterioratingsocialenvironment.

d“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans

________.

[A]identifying

[B]associating

[C]assimilating

[D]monopolizing

ingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstoresofthe19thcentury

________.

[A]playedaroleinthespreadofpopularculture

[B]becameintimateshopsforcommonconsumers

[C]satisfiedtheneedsofaknowledgeableelite

[D]oweditmergencetothecultureofconsumption

tsuggeststhatimmigrantsnowintheU.S.________.

[A]areresistanttohomogenization

[B]exertagreatinfluenceonAmericanculture

[C]arehardlyathreattothecommonculture

[D]constitutethemajorityofthepopulation

ArnoldSchwarzeneggerandGarthBrooksmentionedin

Paragraph5?

[A]Toprovetheirpopularityaroundtheworld.

[B]Torevealthepublic’sfearofimmigrants.

[C]Togiveexamplesofsuccessfulimmigrants.

[D]ToshowthepowerfulinfluenceofAmericanculture.

uthor’sopinion,theabsorptionofimmigrantsintoAmerican

societyis________.

[A]rewarding

[B]successful

[C]fruitless

[D]harmful

Text2

Stratford-on-Avon,asweallknow,hasonlyoneindustry--William

Shakespeare--buttherearetwodistinctlyparateandincreasingly

stheRoyalShakespeareCompany(RSC),which

prentssuperbproductionsoftheplaysattheShakespeareMemorial

rearethetownsfolkwholargelyliveoff

thetouristswhocome,nottoetheplays,buttolookatAnne

Hathaway’sCottage,Shakespeare’sbirthplaceandtheothersights.

TheworthyresidentsofStratforddoubtthatthetheatreaddsapenny

anklydisliketheRSC’sactors,themwiththeir

’salldeliciously

ironicwhenyouconsiderthatShakespeare,whoearnstheirliving,was

himlfanactor(withabeard)anddidhisshareofnoi-making.

hterswho

comebybus--andoftentakeinWarwickCastleandBlenheimPalaceon

theside--don’tusuallyetheplays,andsomeofthemareeven

r,theplaygoersdo

e

playgoers,theRSCcontends,whobringinmuchofthetown’srevenue

becautheyspendthenight(someofthemfourorfivenights)pouring

hterscantakein

everythingandgetoutoftownbynightfall.

Thetownsfolkdon’teitthiswayandlocalcouncildoesnot

contributedirectlytothesubsidyoftheRoyalShakespeareCompany.

helesveryhotelintown

isbuildingits

ownhotelthere,whichyoumaybesurewillbedecoratedwithHamlet

HamburgerBars,theLearLounge,theBanquoBanquetingRoom,andsoforth,

andwillbeveryexpensive.

Anyway,thetownsfolkcan’tunderstandwhytheRoyalShakespeare

Companyneedsasubsidy.(Thetheatrehasbrokenattendancerecordsfor

arits1,431atswere94percentoccupied

allyearlongandthisyearthey’lldobetter.)Thereason,ofcour,

isthatcostshaverocketedandticketpriceshavestayedlow.

Itwouldbeashametoraipricestoomuchbecauitwoulddrive

awaytheyoungpeoplewhoareStratford’smostattractiveclientele.

Theycomeentirelyfortheplays,lemtolook

alike(thoughtheycomefromallover)--lean,pointed,dedicatedfaces,

wearingjeansandsandals,eatingtheirbunsandbeddingdownforthe

nightontheflagstonesoutsidethetheatretobuythe20atsand80

standing-roomticketsheldforthesleepersandsoldtothemwhenthe

boxofficeopensat10:30a.m.

efirsttwoparagraphs,welearnthat________.

[A]thetownsfolkdenytheRSC’scontributiontothetown’srevenue

[B]theactorsoftheRSCimitateShakespeareonandoffstage

[C]thetwobranchesoftheRSCarenotongoodterms

[D]thetownsfolkearnlittlefromtourism

einferredfromParagraph3that________.

[A]thesighterscannotvisittheCastleandthePalaceparately

[B]theplaygoersspendmoremoneythanthesighters

[C]thesightersdomoreshoppingthantheplaygoers

[D]theplaygoersgotonootherplacesintownthanthetheater

ng“Stratfordcriespoortraditionally”(Line2-3,Paragraph

4),theauthorimpliesthat________.

[A]Stratfordcannotaffordtheexpansionprojects

[B]Stratfordhaslongbeeninfinancialdifficulties

[C]thetownisnotreallyshortofmoney

[D]thetownsfolkudtobepoorlypaid

ingtothetownsfolk,theRSCdervesnosubsidybecau

________.

[A]ticketpricescanberaidtocoverthespending

[B]thecompanyisfinanciallyill-managed

[C]thebehavioroftheactorsisnotsociallyacceptable

[D]thetheatreattendanceisontheri

etextwecanconcludethattheauthor________.

[A]issupportiveofbothsides

[B]favorsthetownsfolk’sview

[C]takesadetachedattitude

[D]issympathetictotheRSC

Text3

Whenprehistoricmanarrivedinnewpartsoftheworld,something

ddenlybecameextinct.

ge,slow-growinganimalswereeasygame,

ethingsimilarcouldbe

happeningintheoceans.

rearcherssuchasRansomMyersandBorisWormhaveshownisjusthow

velookedathalfacenturyofdatafrom

ethodsdonotattempttoestimatethe

actualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspecies

inparticularpartsoftheocean,butratherchangesinthatbiomassover

ingtotheirlatestpaperpublishedinNature,thebiomass

oflargepredators(animalsthatkillandeatotheranimals)inanew

fisheryisreducedonaverageby80%within15yearsofthestartof

long-fishedareas,ithashalvedagainsincethen.

’svesls

canfindtheirpreyusingsatellitesandsonar,whichwerenotavailable

ansahigherproportionofwhatisintheais

beingcaught,sotherealdifferencebetweenprentandpastislikely

arly

days,too,

individualswouldthereforenothavebeencaught,sincenobaitedhooks

wouldhavebeenavailabletotrapthem,leadingtoanunderestimateof

rmore,intheearlydaysoflongline

fishing,alotoffishwerelosttosharksaftertheyhadbeenhooked.

Thatisnolongeraproblem,becautherearefewersharksaroundnow.

guethattheirworkgivesacorrectbaline,

lievethe

datasupportanideacurrentamongmarinebiologists,thatofthe

“shiftingbaline.”Thenotionisthatpeoplehavefailedtodetect

themassivechangeswhichhavehappenedintheoceanbecautheyhave

tters

becautheorysuggeststhatthemaximumsustainableyieldthatcanbe

croppedfromafisherycomeswhenthebiomassofatargetspeciesisabout

50%sheriesarewellbelowthat,which

isabadwaytodobusiness.

inctionoflargeprehistoricanimalsisnotedtosuggestthat

________.

[A]largeanimalwerevulnerabletothechangingenvironment

[B]smallspeciessurvivedaslargeanimalsdisappeared

[C]largeaanimalsmayfacethesamethreattoday

[D]slow-growingfishoutlivefast-growingones

’spaperthat________.

[A]thestockoflargepredatorsinsomeoldfisherieshasreduced

by90%

[B]thereareonlyhalfasmanyfisheriesastherewere15yearsago

[C]thecatchsizesinnewfisheriesareonly20%oftheoriginal

amount

[D]thenumberoflargerpredatorsdroppedfasterinnewfisheries

thanintheold

ng"thefiguresareconrvative"(Line1,paragraph3),

ansthat________.

[A]fishingtechnologyhasimprovedrapidly

[B]thecatch-sizesareactuallysmallerthanrecorded

[C]themarinebiomasshassufferedagreaterloss

[D]thedatacollectedsofarareoutofdate

ndotherrearchersholdthat________.

[A]peopleshouldlookforabalinethatcanworkforalongertime

[B]fisheriesshouldkeeptheiryieldsbelow50%ofthebiomass

[C]theoceanbiomassshouldberestoredtoitsoriginallevel

[D]peopleshouldadjustthefishingbalinetothechanging

situation

horemstobemainlyconcernedwithmostfisheries’

________.

[A]managementefficiency

[B]biomasslevel

[C]catch-sizelimits

[D]technologicalapplication

Text4

weirdest

maybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyetthey

chootofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’liestformsofart,likepaintingand

music,ewherefromthe

19thcenturyonward,moreartistsbeganeinghappinessasmeaningless,

phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswewentfromWordsworth’sdaffodils

toBaudelaire’sflowersofevil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecau

’snotasifearliertimes

didn’tknowperpetualwar,

reason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamn

happinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmost

completelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?eof

anti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,and

withit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanideal

butanideology.

workeduntilexhausted,

theWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmass

mediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshippersthattheirsoulswere

llthis,

theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenot

religiousbutcommercial,-foodeaters,news

anchors,textmesngers,allsmiling,smiling,azines

sincethemessageshaveanagenda--tolureustoopenourwallets

--theymaketheveryideaofhappinessemunreliable.“Celebrate!”

commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundout

itcouldincreatheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget--whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting--

ngsthat

bringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossand

,surroundedbypromisofeasyhappiness,weneed

arttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyou

willdie,thateverythingends,andthathappinesscomesnotindenying

’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclove

cigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

ngtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthor

intendstoshowthat________.

[A]poetryisnotaxpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic

[B]artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings

[C]poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness

[D]artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest

d“bummer”(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeans

something________.

[A]religious

[B]unpleasant

[C]entertaining

[D]commercial

uthor’sopinion,advertising________.

[A]emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart

[B]isacauofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

[C]replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

[D]createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitlf

earnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves

________.

[A]happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness

[B]theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing

[C]miryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied

[D]theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms

fthefollowingistrueofthetext?

[A]Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmiry.

[B]Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

[C]Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.

[D]Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,stions

41-45,choothemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeach

retwoextrachoices,whichyoudonotneed

uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10

points)

OnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeof

DavidWilliams,52,andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregambling

gamesareplayed).Duringveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,

Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lostapproximately

$175,evergambledbeforethecasinonthimacouponfor

$20worthofgambling.

Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$econdvisit

helost$inoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a"FunCard",

whichwhenudinthecasinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,and

enablesthecasinototracktheur’liams,

thoactivitiesbecomewhathecalls"electronicheroin".

(41)________.In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwo

h1997helost$72,timesplayedtwoslotmachines

atatime,allnight,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentback

ssuingthecasino,

chargingthatitshouldhaverefudhispatronagebecauitknewhe

nowhehadaproblem.

InMarch1998afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfined

toatreatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoof

Williams’inoincludedaphotoofWilliams

amongthoofbannedgamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaadmissions”

themedical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgambling

behavior,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohe

wouldhavetoprentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstrating

thatpatronizingthecasinowouldponothreattohissafetyor

well-being.

(42)________.

TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning:

“Enjoythefun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Every

entranceticketlistsatoll-freenumberforcounlingfromtheIndiana

heless,Williams’ssuitchargesthat

thecasino,knowinghewas“helplesslyaddictedtogambling,”

intentionallyworkedto“lure”himto“engageinconductagainsthis

will.”Well.

(43)________.

ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMental

Disorderssays“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistent,recurring

anduncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisks

inquestofawindfall.

(44)________.Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,

societyisreclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsor

moralfailingsaspersonalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.

(45)________.

Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthe

statesaretovaryingdegreesdependenton--youmightsayaddictedto

--cethefirstInternetgamblingsite

wascreatedin1995,competitionforgamblers’dollarshasbecome

.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2milliongamblers

patronize1,$3.5billionbeinglost

onInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspasdpornographyasthe

Web’smostprofitablebusiness.

[A]Althoughnosuchevidencewasprented,thecasino’smarketing

nteredthe

casinoandudhisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.

[B]Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.

Andinwhatnwashiswilloperative?

[C]Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimlfthatifhecould

getbacktoeven,hthewon$5,500,buthedid

notquit.

[D]GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butfor

alongtimeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdia.

Nowitisasocialpolicy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoter

ofgamblinginAmericaisthegovernment.

[E]DavidWilliams’

don’tbetonit.

[F]Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioral

problems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sterner

generationxplainedasweaknessofwill.

[G]Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingis

nifthe

governmentknewhowtomoveagainstInternetgambling,whatwould

beitsgroundsfordoingso?

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyon

ANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsidered

ofnoaccountinhissociety?Iamgoingtosuggestthatitisnottrue.

FatherBruckbergertoldpartofthestorywhenheobrvedthatitis

yhavedonemorethan

they,notAmerica,whohavebecomeanti-intellectual.

First,an

intellectual?46)Ishalldefinehimasanindividualwhohalected

ashisprimarydutyandpleasureinlifetheactivityofthinkingina

Socratic(苏格拉底)oressuchproblems

consciously,articulately,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactual

questions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingaction

whichemsappropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformation

whichhehasobtained.47)Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,

whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneras

possiblethecourofreasoningwhichledhimtohisdecision.

Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoas

intellectuals--theaveragescientist,forone.48)Ihaveexcludedhim

becau,whilehisaccomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionof

moralproblems,hehasnotbeenchargedwiththetaskofapproachingany

herhumanbeings,he

encountersmoralissuevenintheeverydayperformanceofhisroutine

duties--heisnotsuppodtocookhixperiments,manufacture

evidence,ordoctorhisreports.49)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothink

aboutthemoralcodewhichgovernshisactivity,anymorethana

businessmanixpectedtodedicatehinergiestoanexplorationof

mostofhiswakinglifehewilltake

hiscodeforgranted,asthebusinessmantakeshithics.

Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityofteachers,despitethe

factthatteachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymany

intellectualarntheirliving.50)Theymayteachverywellandmore

thanearntheirsalaries,butmostofthemmakelittleornoindependent

earned

insomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonething,livingin"publicand

illustriousthoughts,”asEmersonwouldsay,issomethingel.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

ions

YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidto

lettertothedepartmentconcerned,

uldspecifywhatkindof

childyouwanttohelpandhowyouwillcarryoutyourplan.

tneatlyonANSWER

SHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;u“LiMing”

instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

ions:

Studythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyou

should

bethephotosbriefly,

retthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,and

urpointofview.

Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20

points)

有两幅图片，图1把崇拜写在脸上；图2花300元做“小贝头”

注：Beckham是英国足球明星

有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照

片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

2006年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:UofEnglish(10points)

1.[A]2.[B]3.[D]4.[A]5.[D]

6.[C]7.[B]8.[C]9.[A]10.[A]

11.[C]12.[B]13.[D]14.[C]15.[C]

16.[A]17.[B]18.[C]19.[A]20.[D]

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.[C]22.[A]23.[C]24.[D]25.[B]

26.[A]27.[B]28.[C]29.[D]30.[D]

31.[C]32.[A]33.[C]34.[D]35.[B]

36.[D]37.[B]38.[D]39.[B]40.[A]

PartB(10points)

41.[C]42.[A]43.[B]44.[F]45.[D]

PartC(10points)

46．我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首

要责任和快乐的人。

47．他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示

自己做出决定的推理过程。

48．我之所以把他（普通科学家）排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助

于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。

49．但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，就如同不能指

望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。

50．他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或

没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。

SectionIII:Writing(30points)

PartA(10points)

51.参考范文

DearSirorMadam,

Asacollegestudentwhoisstudyingandlivinginagoodenvironment,

IwishtocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialassistance

conceivedsuchaplanforalongtime,

Iwritethislettertorequestyourhelptorecommendapropercandidate.

Iwonderifitisconvenientforyouifthreethingsconcerningthe

,thechildshouldcomefrom

GansuProvince,,

will

helphim/tion,he/shemustbewilling

toreturntohishometowntohelpbuiltitaftergraduationfrom

university.

and,Iwillremit

atleast2,000Yuanincasheveryyearuntilhe/shefinisheshis/her

therhand,Idecidetoteach

thechildmathandEnglishinpersonduringmysummervacation,which

willsurelybemorebeneficialtothechild.

looking

forwardtoyourreplyverysoon.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

PartB(20points)

52.参考范文

Howironicthetwopicturesareindescribingoneofthemost

widespreadsocialphenomenaconcerningidoladoration!Inthefirst

picture,econd

picture,anotheryoungmanspends300Yuanindealingwithhishairto

makehimlflooklikeBeckham.

Themeaningconveyedinthetwopicturesrevealsthatincurrent

atlyshockedby

theenthusiasmforthisBritishfootballsuperstarshownbythetwo

yspeaking,thingsofthiskindreallyhappenamongus.

Somepeople,especiallycollegestudents,donothingbutconcentrateon

esgreatharmtotheirstudyandgrowth.

Ifwecan’tstoptheworningofthistendency,ourownculturewill

bedamaged,andweourlveswillbetheultimatevictims.

Frommypointofview,alotofmeasuresshouldbetakentosaveour

,somemeasureshavealready

iversity,campaignshavebeenlaunchedtoeducate

peopletopaymoreattentiontoourtraditionalcultureandreadmore

ult,wehave

witnesdsomeimprovementsbutstillthereisalongwaytogo.

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1(10points)

areoftenthoughtto

beinnsitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargely

becau,2animals,ansthatournosare

3toperceivingthosmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4the

,5,weareextremely

nsitivetosmells,esare

capableof7humansmellvenwhentheare8tofarbelowonepart

inonemillion.

Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflower

butnotanother,9othersarensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.

Thismaybebecausomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessaryto

eceptorsarethecells

r,ithasbeenfound

thatevenpeopleinnsitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecome

nsitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.

Theexplanationforinnsitivitytosmellemstobethatthebrain

findsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan

y16explainwhywearenot

usuallynsitivetoourownsmells—

not17oftheusualsmellofourownhou,butwe18newsmellswhen

wevisitsomeoneel’infindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors

19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,which

mightindicatethedangeroffire.

1.[A]although

[B]as

[C]but

[D]while

2.[A]above

[B]unlike

[C]excluding

[D]besides

3.[A]limited

[B]committed

[C]dedicated

[D]confined

4.[A]catching

[B]ignoring

[C]missing

[D]tracking

5.[A]anyway

[B]though

[C]instead

[D]therefore

6.[A]evenif

[B]ifonly

[C]onlyif

[D]asif

7.[A]distinguishing

[B]discovering

[C]determining

[D]detecting

8.[A]diluted

[B]dissolved

[C]disperd

[D]diffud

9.[A]when

[B]since

[C]for

[D]whereas

10.[A]unusual

[B]particular

[C]unique

[D]typical

11.[A]signs

[B]stimuli

[C]messages

[D]impuls

12.[A]atfirst

[B]atall

[C]atlarge

[D]attimes

13.[A]subjected

[B]left

[C]drawn

[D]expod

14.[A]ineffective

[B]incompetent

[C]inefficient

[D]insufficient

15.[A]introduce

[B]summon

[C]trigger

[D]create

16.[A]still

[B]also

[C]otherwi

[D]nevertheless

17.[A]sure

[B]sick

[C]aware

[D]tired

18.[A]tolerate

[B]repel

[C]neglect

[D]notice

19.[A]available

[B]reliable

[C]identifiable

[D]suitable

20.[A]similarto

[B]suchas

[C]alongwith

[D]asidefrom

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[B],[C]uranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40

points)

Text1

asureatyourowncanvanish

,if

hehasareputationforslacking,

behaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlying

assumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinely

udybySarahBrosnanandFransde

WaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeen

publishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

Therearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchin

egood-natured,co-operativecreatures,

ll,liketheirfemalehuman

counterparts,theytendtopaymuchclorattentiontothevalueof

“goodsandrvices”thanmales.

n’s

’earchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheir

ly,themonkeyswerehappy

r,when

twomonkeyswereplacedinparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateach

couldobrvewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,their

behaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods(andmuch

preferabletocucumbers).Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapein

exchangeforhertoken,thecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverfor

nereceivedagrapewithouthavingto

providehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertosdherown

tokenattherearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefudtoacceptthe

,themereprenceofagrapeintheother

chamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wanoughtoinduce

rentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Therearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,are

ild,theyareaco-operative,

-operationislikelytobestableonlywhen

gsofrighteous

indignation,items,ng

alesrrewardcompletelymakesthefeelingsabundantlycleartoother

r,whethersuchanoffairnesvolved

independentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthe

commonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,

anunansweredquestion.

peningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby

________.

[A]posingacontrast

[B]justifyinganassumption

[C]makingacomparison

[D]explainingaphenomenon

tement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,Paragraphl)

impliesthat________.

[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

[B]rentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature

[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

capuchinmonkeyswerechonfortherearchmostprobably

becautheyare________.

[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

[B]attentivetorearchers’instructions

[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

[D]moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

haveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythat

themonkeys________.

[A]prefergrapestocucumbers

[B]canbetaughttoexchangethings

[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

[D]areunhappywhenparatedfromothers

nweinferfromthelastparagraph?

[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

Text2

Doyourememberallthoyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmoking

wouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?

Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thatthe

antismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernment

shouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonn,and

overthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupttingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafter

latestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedby

theWhiteHou,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitely

armessageis

sidentofthe

NationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefaceto

thepanel’sreport:“ence

doesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditis

criticalthatournationandtheworldbaimportantpoliciesonthe

bestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefuture

conquencesofprentactions.”

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthat

thescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit’sOKtokeep

adangerous

game:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.

Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutan

insurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,’s

obviousthatamajorityofthepresident’sadvirsstilldon’ttake

dofaplanofaction,theycontinueto

pressformorerearch--aclassiccaof“paralysisbyanalysis.”

Torveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforward

earchaloneis

dministrationwon’ttakethelegislativeinitiative,

byDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldoffer

financialincentivesforprivateindustry,

ethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplants

eevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,

itiscrucialthatthonewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

mentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat________.

[A]therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetween

smokinganddeath

[B]thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswas

insignificant

[C]peoplehadthefreedomtochootheirownwayoflife

[D]antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonn

ingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanrveas________.

[A]aprotector

[B]ajudge

[C]acritic

[D]aguide

estheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,

Paragraph4)?

[A]Endlessstudieskillaction.

[B]Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

[C]Prudentplanninghindersprogress.

[D]Extensiverearchhelpsdecision-making.

ingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoabout

globalwarming?

[A]Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.

[B]Raipublicawarenessofconrvation.

[C]Pressforfurtherscientificrearch.

[D]Takesomelegislativemeasures.

horassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatof

smokingbecau________.

[A]theybothsufferedfromthegovernment’snegligence

[B]alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer

[C]theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer

[D]bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtowor

Text3

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsemtobe

ms,awindowopensintoaworldwhere

ryago,Freudformulated

hisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguidshadowsofour

unconsciousdesiresandfears;bythelate1970s,neurologistshad

switchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoi”--therandom

rearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’motional

thermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line.”Andone

leadingauthoritysaysthattheintenlypowerfulmentaleventscan

benotonlyharnesdbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,to

helpussleepandfeelbetter,“It’syourdream,”saysRosalind

Cartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyou

don’tlikeit,changeit.”

inisas

activeduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep--whenmostvividdreams

occur--asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingeratthe

allpartsofthebrainareequally

involved;thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain”)ispecially

active,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectand

reasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyor

depresd,andthofeelingscanstaywithusallday.”saysStanford

mDement.

Thelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsin

Cartwright’opleemtohavemorebaddreamarlyin

thenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawakening,suggesting

thattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.

Becauourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talways

thinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’vents--until,

itappears,webegintodream.

ight

believesonecanexerciconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.

Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupttingaboutthedream.

Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead;thenexttimeitoccurs,

chpractice

peoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopay

attentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“we

wakeupinapanic,”ism,economicuncertainties

andgeneralfeelingsofincurityhaveincreadpeople’sanxiety.

Thosufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldekhelpfroma

restofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthrough

--orratherdream--onitandyou’llfeelbetter

inthemorning.

chershavecometobelievethatdreams________.

[A]canbemodifiedintheircours

[B]aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

[C]reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

[D]arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

rringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow

________.

[A]itsfunctioninourdreams

[B]themechanismofREMsleep

[C]therelationofdreamstoemotions

[D]itsdifferencefromtheprefrontalcortex

ativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto________.

[A]aggravateinourunconsciousmind

[B]developintohappydreams

[C]persisttillthetimewefallasleep

[D]showupindreamarlyatnight

ightemstosuggestthat________.

[A]wakingupintimeisntialtotheriddingofbaddreams

[B]visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

[C]dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogression

[D]dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

vicemightCartwrightgivetothowhosometimeshavebad

dreams?

[A]Leadyourlifeasusual.

[B]Seekprofessionalhelp.

[C]Exerciconsciouscontrol.

[D]Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

Text4

Americansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorin

writing,hey

atestbook,DoingOurOwnThing:

TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShould,Like,Care,John

McWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberaland

conrvativeviews,esthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureas

responsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyet

ter’s

academicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheesthe

gradualdisappearanceof“whom,”forexample,tobenaturalandnomore

regrettablethanthelossoftheca-endingsofOldEnglish.

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourown

thing,”hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.

Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyput

pentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsince

y,inpoetry,

thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaim

oralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphing

overspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhigh

andlowculture,terdocumentsisunmistakable.

Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,

like,guist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhuman

language,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbe

powerfullyexpressive--thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworld

targuing,asmanydo,that

wecannolongerthinkstraightbecauwedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylarge

chunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstend

toelaboratespeechthatwouldemold-fashionedtomost

teracknowledgesthatformallanguageisnot

strictlynecessary,andproposnoradicaleducationreforms--heis

reallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanuful.

WenowtakeourEnglish“onpaperplatesinsteadofchina.”Ashame,

perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone.

ingtoMcWhorter,thedeclineofformalEnglish________.

[A]isinevitableinradicaleducationreforms

[B]isbutalltoonaturalinlanguagedevelopment

[C]hascaudthecontroversyoverthecounter-culture

[D]broughtaboutchangesinpublicattitudesinthe1960s

d“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes________.

[A]modesty

[B]personality

[C]liveliness

[D]informality

hofthefollowingstatementswouldMcWhortermostlikely

agree?

[A]Logicalthinkingisnotnecessarilyrelatedtothewaywetalk.

[B]BlackEnglishcanbemoreexpressivethanstandardEnglish.

[C]Non-standardvarietiesofhumanlanguagearejustas

entertaining.

[D]Ofallthevarieties,standardEnglishcanbestconveycomplex

ideas.

criptionofRussians’loveofmemorizingpoetryshowsthe

author’s________.

[A]interestintheirlanguage

[B]appreciationoftheirefforts

[C]admirationfortheirmemory

[D]contemptfortheirold-fashionedness

ingtothelastparagraph,“paperplates”isto“china”

as________.

[A]“temporary”isto“permanent”

[B]“radical”isto“conrvative”

[C]“functional”isto“artistic”

[D]“humble”isto“noble”

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,stions

41-45,choothemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeach

retwoextrachoices,whichdonotfit

uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Canada’spremiers(theleadersofprovincialgovernments),ifthey

haveanybreathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJuly

annualmeeting,mightspareamomenttodosomething,together,toreduce

health-carecosts.

They’reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,the

fastest-growingcomponentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.

41.________

Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeon

healthcare--tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts--recommended

dofeachprovincehaving

itsownlistofapproveddrugs,bureaucracy,proceduresandlimited

bargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,workwithOttawa,andcreate

anationalinstitution.

42.________

But“national”doesn’thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmean

interprovincial--provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.

Eitherway,onebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbeto

negotiatebetterprices,ifpossible,d

ofhavingoneprovince--orariesofhospitalswithinaprovince--

negotiateapriceforagivendrugontheprovinciallist,thenational

agencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.

Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofvenmillion

people,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfof31million

conomicssuggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,

thehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.

43.________

Asmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagency

withthecreationoftheCanadianCo-ordinatingOfficeforHealth

TechnologyAsssment,t,a

CommonDrugReviewrecommendstoprovinciallistswhichnewdrugsshould

tably,andregrettably,Quebecrefudtojoin.

Afewpremiersaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.

They(particularlyQuebecandAlberta)justwantOttawatoforkover

additionalbillionswithfew,ifany,’sone

reasonwhytheideaofanationallisthasn’tgoneanywhere,whiledrug

costskeeprisingfast.

44.________

w’sreportlectively,especially

stheyshouldreadwhathehad

tosayaboutdrugs:“Anationaldrugagencywouldprovidegovernments

moreinfluenceonpharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertoconstrainthe

ever-increasingcostofdrugs.”

45.________

SowhenthepremiersgatherinNiagaraFallstoasmbletheirusual

complaintlist,theyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheir

jurisdictionthatwouldhelptheirbudgetsandpatients.

[A]Quebec’sresistancetoanationalagencyisprovincialist

hefirstadvocatesforanationallistwasa

’sDrugInsuranceFund

hasenitscostsskyrocketwithannualincreasfrom14.3per

centto26.8percent!

[B]’sreport:“thesubstantialbuying

powerofsuchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublic

prescription-druginsuranceplanstonegotiatethelowest

possiblepurchapricesfromdrugcompanies.”

[C]Whatdoes“national”mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichael

Kirbyrecommendedafederal-provincialbodymuchlikethe

recentlycreatedNationalHealthCouncil.

[D]Theproblemissimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeen,

are,andwillcontinuetoincreafasterthangovernment

revenues.

[E]AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation,

prescriptiondrugcostshaverinsince1997attwicetherate

theincreacomesfrom

itishigherprices.

[F]So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshould

provetheycanrunit,startingwithaninterprovincialhealth

listthatwouldendduplication,saveadministrativecosts,

preventoneprovincefrombeingplayedoffagainstanother,and

bargainforbetterdrugprices.

[G]Ofcour,ke

dividedbuyers;nuthe

n

hopethat,ifoneprovinceincludesadrugonitslist,the

wouldn’tlikeanationalagency,butlf-interestwouldlead

themtodealwithit.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyon

ANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Itisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthis

yandnews

becomeconfud,andone’simpressionstendtobeamixtureof

skepticismandoptimism.46)Televisionisoneofthemeansbywhichthe

feelingsarecreatedandconveyed--andperhapsneverbeforehasit

rvedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecent

opethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingother

thanitspeoples,isin

mindwecanbegintoanalyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.47)InEurope,

alwhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:

groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesand

lian

examplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwellandMurdoch

cometomind.

Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesare

goingtobeabletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.

48)Thisalonedemonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasy

worldtosurvivein,afactunderlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatout

ofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,nolessthan50%tookalossin

1989.

Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywilloblige

televisioncompaniestocooperatemoreclolyintermsofboth

productionanddistribution.

49)Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferent

culturesandtraditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricofthe

OldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice--thatof

tailsreducingour

dependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whoprogramsrelateto

experiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromourown.

Inordertoachievetheobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreon

co-productions,theexchangeofnews,documentaryrvicesandtraining.

ThisalsoinvolvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthe

creationofaEuropeanbankforTelevisionProductionwhich,onthemodel

oftheEuropeanInvestmentsBank,willhandlethefinancesnecessaryfor

productioncosts.50)Indealingwithachallengeonsuchascale,it

isnoexaggerationtosay“Unitedwestand,dividedwefall”--and

ifIhadtochooasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”A

unityofobjectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiarities

ofeachcountry.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

ions:

TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns

&

lettertoyourboss,,tellinghimyour

decision,statingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology.

tneatlyon

ANSWERSHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;u“LiMing”

instead.

Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

ions:

essay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,

andgiveyourcommentonit.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

2005年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:UofEnglish(10points)

1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[B]

6.[A]7.[D]8.[A]9.[D]10.[B]

11.[C]12.[A]13.[D]14.[C]15.[D]

16.[B]17.[C]18.[D]19.[A]20.[B]

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.[C]22.[B]23.[A]24.[C]25.[B]

26.[C]27.[D]28.[A]29.[D]30.[B]

31.[A]32.[C]33.[D]34.[D]35.[A]

36.[B]37.[D]38.[A]39.[B]40.[C]

PartB(10points)

41.[E]42.[C]43.[G]44.[F]45.[B]

PartC(10points)

46.电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和

国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大

的作用。

47.多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。这些集团把相互关

系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。

48.仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。这个事实通过统计

数字一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于

50%。

49.创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事，需要战略性选

择。正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。

50.在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们

就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。”

SectionIII:Writing(30points)

PartA(10points)

51.参考范文

ALetter,toQuit

Jun22,2005

,

Firstofall,pleaallowmetoexpressmydeepsorrytoyoufor

wthatthiswillbringaboutmuchtroubletoyou

sothatIwritetoyouformyexplanation.

nwith,the

jobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&Fashionsisnotsuitableto

’smore,IampreparingforanotherdegreeandIpreferto

,Iapologizeformyresignationtoyou!

Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Sincerelyyours,

LiMing

PartB(20points)

52.参考范文

AHelplessFather

Thepictureironicallyshowsthatapitiableoldmaninragsisbeing

helplesslykickedoffbyhisthreesonsandadaughter,whoallwear

her’snegligentchildrenareallguardingtheir

homegateslesttheiroldfather“rollinto”r

words,theyfourignoretheirmoralnofassumingtheresponsibility

fortheiroldfathereventhoughtheymaybealllivingasatisfyinglife.

Thatisapainfulsceneweoftenencounterinourdailylife.

Sadtosay,themoraldeclineoftheyoungergenerationsmaybea

definitelyhave

theirlivingconditionsimprovedbywiderandwidermargins,avidenced

bythefourchildren’sdecentdressing,buttheirmoralnstill

remainssadlyunchangedorinsomecasbecomesdramatically

oplemighthavebecometoomuchlf-centered,and

evenwor,theydiscardthetraditionofgivingrespecttotheelderly.

Theynolongercarefortheirelders,letalonetheirneighborsorthe

disadvantaged;insteadtheytryeverymeanstoavoidresponsibilityfor

ecaresforothers,onemightevenappearstupid

ormayevenbedistrusted.

Therefore,wehavetotakesomeufulmeasurestoavoidthescene

launchavarietyofcampaignsaboutthe

returntothegoodtraditionofgivinghelpandlovetotheelderly.

Moreover,wemustappealtoourgovernmenttoestablishsomerelevant

tbutnottheleast,

ourrespectforageisanindicationoftheprogressofhumansociety,

erelywishthattheoldman

couldbewelcometoanyofthefourhouholds,elegantlydresd,and

asmileontheface.