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全新版大学英语第四册课文

Unit1TextATheICYDefender

Text课文

aofbothNapoleonandHitler,themany

victoriestheyenjoyedledthemtobelievethatanythingwaspossible,thatnothingcouldstandin

'sicydefenderwastoprovethemwrong.

THEICYDEFENDER

NilaB,Smith

In1812,NapoleonBonaparte,EmperoroftheFrench,

wasprepare

preparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow,asnot

preparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow—theraw,bitter,bleakRussian

winter.

In1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,launchedanattackagainsttheSovietUnion,

'machinehadmowed

expectedashortcampaignbut,likeNapoleonbefore

him,sianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers.

Napoleon'sCampaign

Inthespringof1812,Napoleonasmbledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenonthe

dierswerewelltrained,efficient,litaryforce

on,confidentofaquickvictory,predictedtheconquestof

Russiainfiveweeks.

Shortlyafterwards,Napoleon'ck,

urpri,theRussiansrefudto

d,theyretreatedeastward,

GrandArmyfollowed,butitsadvancemarchsoonbecameboggeddownbyslow-movingsupply

lines.

InAugust,theFrenchandRussianarmiengagedatSmolensk,inabattlethatleftoverten

,theRussianswereagainabletoretreatfartherintoRussian

hecontinuetopursuetheRussianarmy?OrshouldhekeephisarmyinSmolenskforthe

approachingwinter?

NapoleontookthegambleofpressingontoMoscow,ember

7,1812,theFrenchandRussianarmiesmetinfiercebattleatBorodino,112kilometerswestof

tfall,thirtythousandFrenchandforty-fourthousandRussianslaydeador

woundedonthebattlefield.

Again,onhadaclearpathtoMoscow,butthe

terthe

Frencharrived,onofferedatruceto

AlexanderI,buttheRussianczarknewhecouldbidehistime:"WeshalllettheRussianwinter

fightthewarforus."

Napoleonsoonrealizedhecouldnotfeed,clothe,andquarterhisarmyinMoscowduring

ber1812,heorderedhisGrandArmytoretreatfromMoscow.

eldsandforests,theRussianslaunched

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distancefromMoscow,thetemperaturehadalready

mber3,thewinter'ted

enthadtobeburnedfor

nchsoldiersdraggedon,leavingthedeadalong

everymile.

AstheRussianarmywasgatheringitsstrength,theFrenchhadtofleeRussiatoavoidcertain

erezinaRiver,theRussiansnearlytrappedtheretreatingFrenchbyburningthe

oleon,byastrokeofluck,wasabletobuildtwonew

ndsofFrenchsoldierscaped,ross

theBerezina,thetatteredsurvivorslimpedtowardVilna.

OfthesixhundredthousandsoldiersNapoleonhadledintoRussia,lessthanonehundred

kenedFrencharmycontinueditsretreatwestwardacrossEurope.

Soon,Britain,Austria,Russia,andPrussiaformedapowerfulallianceandattackedthe

h1814,onabdicatedandwentintoexile,himpire

atanend.

Hitler'sInvasion

Byearly1941,AdolfHitler,leaderofNaziGermany,hadizedcontrolofmostofEurope.

TotheeastofHitler'22,1941,withouta

declarationofwar,HitlerbegananinvasionoftheSovietUnionthatwasthelargestmilitaryland

entofaquickvictory,Hitlerexpectedthecampaigntolastnolonger

nedtoutheblitzkrieg,or"lightningwar,"tacticsthathaddefeated

asionhadthreebroadthrusts:againstLeningradandMoscowand

throughtheUkraine.

Caughtoffguardbytheinvasion,SovietleaderJophStalininstructedtheRussianpeopleto

"scorchtheearth"ndfactorieswereburned,destroyed,or

thefirsttenweeksoftheinvasion,theGermanspushedthefront

eastward,andtheRussianssufferedmorethanamillioncasualties.

Inthenorth,egreatsuffering,however,the

attleofLeningraddraggedonintowinter,the

city'ranout,

middleofthewinterof1941-1942,

toonemillionpeoplediedasaresultofthesiege.

InthecenterofRussia,Hitler'etheGermanshad

anticipatedaquickvictory,rarrivedwith

heavyrains."GeneralMud"sloweddownthemovementoftheGermans'lightningattack.

AsHitler'sarmiesdrewclorandclortoMoscow,anearly,verewinterttledoverthe

SovietUnion,

mansoldiers,completelyunpreparedfortheRussianwinter,frozeintheirlight

sianwinter

broughttheGermanoffensivetoahalt.

Bythesummerof1942,outh,theGermans

thenpushedeasttoStalingrad,agreatindustrialcitythatstretchedfor

egreatsuffering,Sovietdefendersrefudtogiveup

Stalingrad.

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InNovember1942,ttleornoshelterfromthe

wintercoldinandaroundStalingrad,Germantroopswerefurtherweakenedbyalackoffoodand

hreehundred

thousandGermansattackingStalingrad,s

manvictorieswereover,

thanksinparttotheRussianwinter.

During1943and1944,

thenorth,theRedArmybrokethethree-yearsiegeofLeningradwithasurpriattackonJanuary

15,twoweeks,

March1944,9,1944,Sevastopol

sianswerenowheadingforBerlin.

ForHitler,

Russianpeople,alSovietdeadinWorldWarIIreached

almost23million.

Russia'sIcyDefender

onandHitler

,ice,andfreezingtemperaturestook

Russianpeople,thewinterwasanicydefender.

UnitTwoTextASmartCars

Text课文

Smartcarsthatcane,hear,feel,smell,andtalk?Anddriveontheirown?Thismaysoundlikea

dream,butthecomputerrevolutionisttoturnitintoareality.

SMARTCARS

MichioKaku

Eventheautomobileindustry,whichhasremainedlargelyunchangedforthelastventy

years,isabouttofeeltheeffectsofthecomputerrevolution.

Theautomobileindustryranksasamongthemostlucrativeandpowerfulindustriesofthe

reprently500millioncarsonearth,oronecarforeverytenpeople.

Salesoftheautomobileindustrystandataboutatrilliondollars,makingittheworld'sbiggest

manufacturingindustry.

Thecar,andtheroadsittravelson,

totomorrow's"smartcars"willbensors."We'llevehiclesandroadsthateandhearandfeel

andsmellandtalkandact,"predictsBillSpreitzer,technicaldirectorofGeneralMotors

Corporation'sITSprogram,whichisdesigningthesmartcarandroadofthefuture.

Approximately40,000peoplearekilledeachyearintheUnitedStatesintrafficaccidents.

Thenumberofpeoplethatarekilledorbadlyinjuredincaraccidentsissovastthatwedon'teven

alfofthefatalitiescomefromdrunk

drivers,carcouldeliminatemostofthecar

enifadriverisdrunkviaelectronicnsorsthatcanpickupalcoholvaporin

theair,couldalsoalertthepoliceandprovideitspreci

locationifitisstolen.

Smartcarshavealreadybeenbuiltwhichcanmonitorone'sdrivingandthedriving

youmake

ariousdrivingmistakethe

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computerwouldsoundanimmediatewarning.

AttheMITMediaLab,aprototypeisalreadybeingbuiltwhichwilldeterminehowsleepy

youareasyoudrive,

monotonous,almosthypnoticprocessofstaringatthecenterdividerforlonghoursisagrossly

underestimated,inatethis,atinycamerahiddeninthedashboard

canbetrainedonadriver'river'yelidscloforacertainlengthoftime

andhisorherdrivingbecomerratic,acomputerinthedashboardcouldalertthedriver.

Twoofthemostfrustratingthingsaboutdrivingacararegettinglostandgettingstuckin

hecomputerrevolutionisunlikelytocuretheproblems,itwillhaveapositive

sinyourcartunedtoradiosignalsfromorbitingsatellitescanlocateyourcar

adyhavetwenty-fourNavstarsatellites

orbitingtheearth,keitpossible

iventime,thereare

veralGPSsatellitesorbitingoverheadatadistanceofabout11,tellite

containsfour"atomicclocks,"whichvibrateataprecifrequency,accordingtothelawsofthe

quantumtheory.

Asasatellitepassoverhead,itndsoutaradiosignalthatcanbedetectedbyareceiverin

acar''scomputercanthencalculatehowfarthesatelliteisbymeasuringhow

hespeedoflightiswellknown,anydelayinreceiving

thesatellite'ssignalcanbeconvertedintoadistance.

InJapantherearealreadyoveramillioncarswithsometypeofnavigationalcapability.

positiononamap.>

Withthepriceofmicrochipsdroppingsodrastically,futureapplicationsofGPSarevirtually

limitless."Thecommercialindustryispoidtoexplode,"saysRandyHoffmanofMagellan

SystemsCorp.,ndividualscoulduGPS

nsorsinwalkingsticks,airplanescouldlandbyremotecontrol,hikerswillbeabletolocatetheir

positioninthewoods—thelistofpotentialusindless.

GPSisactuallybutpartofalargermovement,called"telematics,"whichwilleventually

ypesofsuchhighwaysalreadyexistinEurope,

andexperimentsarebeingmadeinCaliforniatomountcomputerchips,nsors,andradio

transmittersonhighwaystoalertcarstotrafficjamsandobstructions.

Onaneight-milestretchofInterstate15tenmilesnorthofSanDiego,trafficengineersare

installinganMIT-designedsystemwhichwillintroducethe"automateddriver."Theplancallsfor

computers,aidedbythousandsofthree-inchmagneticspikesburiedinthehighway,totake

llbebunchedinto

groupsoftentotwelvevehicles,onlysixfeetapart,travelinginunison,andcontrolledby

computer.

2010,telematics

essful,by

2020,asthepriceofmicrochipsdropstobelowapennyapiece,telematicscouldbeadoptedin

uldprovetobeanenvironmental

boonaswell,savingfuel,reducingtrafficjams,decreasingairpollution,andrvingasan

alternativetohighwayexpansion.

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Unit3TextAGetTheJobYouWant

Text课文

HarveyMackay,whorunshisowncompany,letsus

intothecretofwhatqualitiesanemployerislookingfor,andgivesfourtipsonwhatcanhelp

youtostandoutfromthecrowd.

GETTHEJOBYOUWANT

HarveyB,Mackay

Irunamanufacturingcompanywithabout350employees,andIoftendotheinterviewing

alkingtopotentialsalespeople,becauthey'reourlinktocustomers.

Whenarecentcollegegraduatecameintomyofficenottoolongagolookingforasalesjob,

he'dreadsomethingaboutus

somewhere.

HadhecalledanyoneatMackayEnvelopeCorporationtofindoutmoreaboutus?

hecalledoursuppliers?Ourcustomers?No.

HadhecheckedwithhisuniversitytoeiftherewereanygraduatesworkingatMackay

whomhecouldinterview?Hadheaskedanyfriendstogrillhiminamockinterview?Didhego

tothelibrarytofindnewspaperclippingsonus?

Didhewritealetterbeforehandtotellusabouthimlf,whathewasdoingtoprepareforthe

interviewandwhyhe'dberightforthejob?Washeplanningtofollowuptheinterviewwith

anotherletterindicatinghiagernesstojoinus?Wouldtheletterbeinourhandswithin24hours

ofthemeeting,possiblyevenhand-delivered?

Theanswertoeveryquestionwasthesame:ftmewithonlyoneotherquestion:

Howwellpreparedwouldthispersonbeifheweretocallonaprospectivecustomerforus?I

alreadyknewtheanswer.

AsIeit,therearefourkeystogettinghired:

etowin."Ifyoumissonedayofpractice,younoticethedifference,"thesaying

goesamongmusicians."Ifyoumisstwodaysofpractice,

missthreedaysofpractice,theaudiencenoticesthedifference."

Whenwewatchaworld-classmusicianoratopathlete,wedon'tetheyearsofpreparation

haelJordansoftheworldhavetalent,yes,but

they'epreparation

antthejob,youhavetopreparetowinit.

WhenIgraduatedfromcollege,theoddsweregoodthatIwouldhavethesamejobforthe

t'tinghiredisnolongeraonce-in-a-lifetime

mentexpertsbelievethattoday'sgraduatescouldfaceasmanyastenjob

changesduringtheircareers.

ou'reprepared,thepressureisontheother

folks—theoneswhohaven'tdonetheirhomework.

Youwon'tsalespeopledon'l

akesnolongertopreparewellforone

rprospectsforsuccesswillbemany

timesbetter.

lyIplayedadoublestennismatchpairedwitha90-year-old.I

wonderedhowthingswouldworkout;Ishouldn'eredouropponents6-1,6-1!

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Aswewereswitchingsidestoplayathirdt,hesaidtome,"DoyoumindifIplaythe

backhandcourt?Ialwaysliketoworkonmyweakness."Whatafantasticexampleofaperson

ntally,wewonthethirdt6-1.

Aswewalkedoffthecourt,my90-year-oldpartnerchuckledandsaid,"Ithoughtyou'dlike

toknowaboutmynumber-onerankingindoublesintheUnitedStatesinmyagebracket,85and

up!"Hewasn'tthinking90;hewasn'hinkingnumberone.

le

tocompete,you'vegottokeeplearningallyourlife.

einyourlf,ememberthefour-minutemile?

Athleteshadbeentryingtodoitforhundredsofyearsandfinallydecideditwasphysically

estructurewasallwrong,ourlungpowerinadequate.

,miracleofmiracles,sixweeksafterRoger

Bannisterbrokethefour-minutemile,JohnLandybeatBannister'stimebynearlytwofullconds.

Sincethen,clotoeighthundredrunnershavebrokenthefour-minutemile!

SeveralyearsagomydaughterMimiandItookacrackatrunningtheNewYorkMarathon.

Atthegun,23,000runnersstarted—and21,lacewenttoaKenyanwho

completedtheraceintwohours,21,244thrunnertofinishwasa

tinthreedays,legs,hecovered26.2

ydaughterandIpasdhiminthefirstfewminutes,weeasilyfoundmorecourage

tofinishourlves.

Don'teverletanyonetellyouthatyoucan'syou'renot

tougher,harderworkingandmoreablethanyourcompetition?Youe,agoalisadreamwitha

deadline:inwriting,measurable,identifiable,attainable.

inion,themajorityofNewYorkcabdriversare

unfriendly,thecabsarefilthy,andalmostallofthemsportan

impenetrable,entlyIjumpedintoacabatLaGuardiaAirportand

guesswhat?asbeautifulmusicplayingandnopartition.

"ParkLaneHotel,plea,"roadsmile,hesaid,"Hi,mynameis

Wally,"onstatement!Itsaidhewouldgetmethere

safely,courteouslyandontime.

Aswedroveoff,heheldupachoiceofnewspapersandsaid,"Bemyguest."Hetoldmeto

upacellularphoneandsaid,"It'sa

dollaraminuteifyou'dliketomakeacall."

Shocked,Iblurted,"Howlonghaveyoubeenpracticingthis?"Heanswered,"Threeorfour

years."

"Iknowthisisprying."Isaid,"buthowmuchextramoneydoyouearnintips?"

"Between$12,000and$14,000ayear!"herespondedproudly.

Hedoesn'tknowit,buthe''slivingproofthatyoucanalwaysshifttheoddsin

yourfavor.

Mymentor,CurtCarlson,isthewealthiestmaninMinnesota,ownerofahotelandtravel

companywithsalesintheneighborhoodof$gettoameetinginNewYorkone

day,enedtobeadayMinnesotawashit

ternationalAirportwasclod

forthefirsttimeindecades.

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Then,thoughthestormcontinuedtopoundus,theairportopenedarunwayforsmallcraft

retaxiingdownittotakeoff,Curtturnedtomeandsaidgleefully,"Look,Harvey,

notracksinthesnow!"

CurtCarlson,70yearsoldatthetime,richbeyondanyone'sdreams,couldstillsparklewith

excitementaboutbeingfirst.

Frommystandpoint,that'swhatit'ein

yourlf,outandmake

yourowntracksinthesnow.

Unit4TextAAmericaAsACollage

Text课文

IsAmericagoingtodeclinelikeothergreatnationshavebefore?Theauthorthinksnot,arguing

thatthetypeof

whathehastosayandewhetheryouagree.

AMERICAASACOLLAGE

RyzsardKapuscinski

ThemerefactthatAmericastillattractsmillionsofpeopleividencethatitisnotindecline.

Peoplearen'fdeclinearesuretobefoundinaplaceas

complexasAmerica:debt,crime,thehomeless,drugs,maincharacteristicof

America,thefirstandmostenduringimpression,isdynamism,energy,aggressiveness,forward

movement.

Itissohardtothinkofthisnationindeclinewhenyouknowthattherearevastregionsofthe

planetwhichareabsolutelyparalyzed,incapableofanyimprovementatall.

ItisdifficultformetoagreewithPaulKennedy'sthesisinTheRiandFallofGreatPowers

'sthewayhistoryudtobe—all

bethereisanotherwaytolook

nthatwhatisgoingonhereconcernsmuchmorethanthefate

ofanation.

ItmaybethattheEuro-centeredAmericannationisdecliningasitgiveswaytoanewPacific

civilizationthatwillinclude,butnotbelimitedto,icallyspeaking,Americamay

notdecline,butinsteadfuwiththePacificculturetocreateakindofvastPacificcollage,amix

ofHispanicandAsiancultureslinkedthroughthemostmoderncommunicationtechnologies.

e,forthefirsttimesincetheRoman

Empire,hefirstchanceona

newbasiswithnewtechnologiestocreateacivilizationofunprecedentedopennessandpluralism.

izationthatleavesbehindforevertheethnocentric,

talityofdestruction.

LosAngelesisapremonitionofthisnewcivilization.

LinkedmoretotheThirdWorldandAsiathantotheEuropeofAmerica'sracialandcultural

elesandsouthernCaliforniawillenterthetwenty-firstcenturyasamultiracialand

snopreviouxampleofacivilizationthatis

beingsimultaneouslycreatedbysomanyraces,nationalities,wtypeof

culturalpluralismiscompletelyunknowninthehistoryofmankind.

Americaisbecomingmorepluraleverydaybecauoftheunbelievablefacilityofthenew

ThirdWorldimm

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notionofa"dominant"crediblecomingto

Americatofindyouaresomewhereel—inSeoul,inTaipei,travel

tantsofthisvastcitybecome

internaltouristsintheplaceoftheirownresidence.

TherearelargecommunitiesofLaotians,Vietname,Cambodians,Mexicans,Salvadorans,

Guatemalans,Iranians,Japane,Koreans,Armenians,hereLittleTaipei,Little

Saigon,LittleTokyo,Koreatown,LittleCentralAmerica,theIranianneighborhoodinWestwood,

theArmeniancommunityinHollywood,andthevastMexican-AmericanareasofEastLos

-onelanguages,fewofthemEuropean,arespokenintheelementaryschool

systemofthecityofLosAngeles.

ThistransformationofAmericancultureanticipatesthegeneraltrendinthecompositionof

eginning

ofthetwenty-firstcentury,90percentoftheworld'spopulationwillbedark-skinned;thewhite

racewillbenomorethan11percentofallhumanbeingslivingonourplanet.

SomethingthatcanonlybeeninAmerica:Inthelandscaped,ultracleanhigh-technology

parksofnorthernOrangeCountythereisapersonalcomputercompanythatvenyearsagodid

,thereisa$500million

companywithfactoriesinHongKongandTaiwanaswell.

Thecompanywasfoundedbythreeyoungimmigrants—aPakistaniMuslimandtwo

dividualisnowprobably

worth$30million.

Walkingthroughthiscompanyweeonlyyoung,darkfaces—Vietname,Cambodians,

Laotians,Mexicans—tureoftheworkforceisamix

mentnoticesare

neverposted;hiri

infrequently,employeesasktoworkanextratwentyhoursaweektoearnenoughmoneytohelp

membersoftheirextendedfamilybuytheirfirsthome.

InLosAngeles,traditionalThirdWorldculturesare,forthefirsttime,fusingwiththemost

modernmentalitiesandtechnologies.

Usually,thecontactbetweendevelopedandunderdevelopedworldshasthecharacterof

exploitation—justtakingpeople'border

betweenraceshasusuallybeenaborderoftension,earevolutionthatis

constructive.

ThisPacificRimcivilizationbeingcreatedisanewrelationshipbetweendevelopmentand

,samulticultural

operating,peacefullycompeting,firsttimein

fourhundredyearsofrelationsbetweenthenonwhiteWesternworldandthewhiteWesternworld,

thegeneralcharacteroftherelationshipiscooperationandconstruction,notexploitation,not

destruction.

Unlikeanyotherplaceontheplanet,LosAngelesshowsusthepotentialofdevelopment

oncetheThirdWorldmentalitymergeswithanopennofpossibility,acultureoforganization,

aWesternconceptionoftime.

Forthedestructive,paralyzedworldwhereIhavespentmostofmylife,itisimportant,

simply,thatsuchapossibilityasLosAngelexists.

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eyrevolutionofdevelopment.

non-Westernculture,ngeameetingatnineo'clockbut

themandoesn'meanxious,n'tunderstandouranxiety

becauforhim,timewhenhearrives.

In1924,theMexicanphilosopherJoVasconceloswroteabookdreamingofthepossibility

that,inthefuture,peofmanis

beingborneinLosAngeles,osaicof

differentraces,cultures,religions,

theperspectiveofaworldsubmergedinreligious,ethnic,andracialconflict,thisharmonious

ulystriking.

Whatisthecommonaimthatharmonizescompetingculturesinoneplace?

tractsimmigrantstoAmericaistheesntial

characteristicofAmericanculture:sacombinationoftwothingsthatare

important:tureallowsyoutotrytobesomebody—tofindyourlf,

yourplace,reisspacenotonlyinageographicaln,butinthenof

opportunity,etiesthatareincrisisandinsocietieswhicharestagnant—

oreveninthowhicharestable—y

hasalreadyntencedyou.

mmigranttoAmericaat

firstfails,healwaysthinks,"Iwilltryagain."Ifhehadfailedintheoldsociety,hewouldbe

discouragedandpessimistic,ica,he'sthinking,

"Iwillhaveanotherchance,Iwilltryagain."'sfullofhope.

Unit5TextAAFriendinNeed

Text课文

Somepeopleemeasytounderstand:theircharacterappearsobviousonfirstmeeting.

Appearances,however,canbedeceptive.

AFRIENDINNEED

SomertMauqham

knowverymuchabout

myshoulderswhenpeopletellmethattheirfirstimpressionsofapersonarealways

wnpartIfindthatthelongerI

knowpeoplethemoretheypuzzleme.

ThereflectionshaveoccurredtomebecauIreadinthismorning'spaperthatEdward

merchantandhehadbeeninbusinessinJapanformany

imverylittle,butheinterestedmebecauoncehegavemeagreatsurpri.

UnlessIhadheardthestoryfromhisownlips,Ishouldneverhavebelievedthathewascapable

orestartlingbecaubothinappearanceandmannerhesuggesteda

tinylittlefellow,notmuchmore

thanfivefeetfourinheight,andveryslender,withwhitehair,aredfacemuchwrinkled,andblue

lwaysneatlyandquietlydresdin

accordancewithhisageandstation.

ThoughhisofficeswereinKobe,nedonone

occasiontobespendingafewdaysthere,waitingforaship,andIwasintroducedtohimatthe

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ot

talkverymuch,eitherthenorlaterwhenwewerehavingdrinks,butwhathesaidwasnsible.

Hehadaquiet,edtobepopularattheclubandafterwards,whenhehadgone,

enedthatwewerebothstayingattheGrandHotel

swife,fat,elderly,andsmiling,andhistwo

thechiefthingthatstruckme

voicewasgentle;youcouldnotimaginethathecouldpossiblyraiitinanger;hissmilewas

thesametimehelikedhisgameofcardsandhiscocktail,hecouldtellwithpointagoodand

spicystory,richmanandhehad

onethingthatmadeyoulikehimwasthathewassosmall

andfrail;tthathecouldnotbeartohurtafly.

OneafternoonIwassittingintheloungeoftheGrandHotelwhenBurtoncameinandated

himlfinthechairnexttomine.

'Whatdoyousaytoalittledrink?'

oybroughtthemaman

pasdalongthestreetoutsideandeingmewavedhishand.

'DoyouknowTurner?'saidBurtonasInoddedagreeting.

'I'vemethimattheclub.I'mtoldhe'saremittanceman.'

'Yes,agoodmanyhere.'

'Heplaysbridgewell.'

'asafellowherelastyear,oddlyenoughanamesakeofmine,who

vehe'dbelongedtosomeverygoodclubs.'

'No,Idon'tbelieveIrememberthename.'

'

nKobeforsometime.'

Burtonsippedhisginfizz.

'It'sratherafunnystory,'hesaid.'Hewasn'lways

andsomeinawaywithcurlyhairandpink-and-white

asnoharminhim,youknow,

moneyudtocomeonfor

gooddealofmine,Iknow

that.'

rommyownexperiencethathecouldlomoneyat

kedhisshavenchinwithhisthinhand;theveinsstoodoutonit

anditwasalmosttransparent.

'Isuppothatiswhyhecametomewhenhewentbroke,thatandthefactthathewasa

ther

surprid.'Hetoldmethattherewasnomoremoneycomingfromhomeandhewantedtowork.I

askedhimhowoldhewas.

"Thirty-five,"hesaid.

'"Andwhathaveyoubeendoinghitherto?"Iaskedhim.

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'"Well,nothingverymuch,"hesaid.

'Icouldn'thelplaughing.

'"I'mafraidIcan'tdoanythingforyoujustyet,"Isaid."Comebackandemeinanother

thirty-fiveyears,andI'llewhatIcando."

'Hedidn'tatedforamomentandthenhetoldmethathe

'tbeenwillingtosticktobridge,he'dbeen

playingpoker,andhe'''

couldn'tpayhishotelbillandtheywouldn'

couldn'tgetsomethingtodohe'dhavetocommitsuicide.

''dbeendrinkingmore

lswouldn'thavethoughtsomuchofhimifthey'denhim

then.

'"Wellisn'tthereanythingyoucandoexceptplaycards?"Iaskedhim.

'"Icanswim,"hesaid.

'"Swim!"

'Icouldhardlybelievemyears;itemedsuchaninsaneanswertogive.

'"Iswamformyuniversity."

'Igotsomeglimmeringofwhathewasdrivingat.I'veknowntoomanymenwhowerelittle

tingodsattheiruniversitytobeimpresdbyit.

'"IwasaprettygoodswimmermylfwhenIwasayoungman,"Isaid.

'SuddenlyIhadanidea.'

Pausinginhisstory,Burtonturnedtome.

'DoyouknowKobe?'heasked.

'No,'Isaid,'Ipasdthroughitonce,butIonlyspentanightthere.'

'Thenyoudon'asayoungmanIswamfromthereround

'soverthreemilesandit'sratherdifficulton

,ItoldmyyoungnamesakeaboutitandIsaidto

himthatifhe'ddoitI'dgivehimajob.

'Icouldehewasrathertakenaback.

'"Yousayyou'reaswimmer,"Isaid.

"I'mnotinverygoodcondition,"heanswered.

'Ididn'edatmeforamomentandthenhe

nodded.

'"Allright,"hesaid."Whendoyouwantmetodoit?"

'ustafterten.

"Theswimshouldn'ttakeyoumuchoveranhourandaquarter.I'lldriveroundtothecreekat

halfpasttwelveandmeetyou.I'lltakeyoubacktotheclubtodressandthenwe'llhavelunch

together."

'"Done,"hesaid.

'otofworktodothat

moedn't

havehurried;heneverturnedup.'

'Didhefunkitatthelastmoment?'Iasked.

'No,hedidn'ourhe'druinedhisconstitutionbydrink

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12/19

'tgetthe

bodyforaboutthreedays.'

Ididn'skedBurtona

question.

'Whenyoumadehimthatofferofajob,didyouknowhe'dbedrowned?'

Hegavealittlemildchuckleandhelookedatmewiththokindandcandidblueeyesofhis.

Herubbedhischinwithhishand.

'Well,Ihadn'tgotavacancyinmyofficeatthemoment.'

Unit6TextAOLDFatherTimeBecomesATerror

Text课文

Asthepaceoflifeintoday'sworldgrowverfaster,muchto

doandsolittletimetodoitin,howarewetocope?RichardTomkinstsaboutuntanglingthe

problemandcomesupwithananswer.

OLDFATHERTIMEBECOMESATERROR

RichardTomkins

Onceuponatime,technology,wethought,eswere

expectedtodoourworkforus,leavinguswithever-increasingquantitiesoftimetowasteaway

onidlenessandpleasure.

Butinsteadofliberatingus,tionsareoccurringata

bewilderingrate:ach

inventionarrives,iteatsfurtherintoourtime.

Themotorcar,forexample,,

trafficincitiesmovesmoreslowlythanitdidinthedaysofthehor-drawncarriage,andwe

wasteourlivesstuckintrafficjams.

Theaircraftpromidnewhorizons,ubleis,yexistence

createdademandfortime-consumingjourneysthatwewouldneverpreviouslyhavedreamedof

undertaking—thetransatlanticshoppingexpedition,forexample,orthetriptoaconventionon

theothersideoftheworld.

Inmostcas,technologyhasnotsavedtime,butenabledustodomorethings,inthehome,

wity,they

encouragedustochangeourclothesdailyinsteadofweekly,creatingventimesasmuch

rly,theweeklybathhasbeenreplacedbythedailyshower,

multiplyingthehoursspentonpersonalgrooming.

Meanwhile,technologyhasnotonlyallowedworktospreadintoourleisuretime—the

laptop-on-the-beachsyndrome—butaddedthenewburdenofdealingwithfaxes,sand

lsoprovideduswiththeopportunitytospendhoursfixingsoftwareglitcheson

ourpersonalcomputersorfillingourheadswithulessinformationfromtheInternet.

Technologyapart,theInternetpointsthewaytoacondreasonwhywefeelsotime-presd:

theinformationexplosion.

Acoupleofcenturiesago,nearlyalltheworld'saccumulatedlearningcouldbecontainedin

,thoheadscouldnothopetoaccommodatemorethana

tinyfractionoftheinformationgeneratedinasingleday.

News,evisiontoffers

nes,booksandCD-ROMsproliferate.

.

13/19

"Inthewholeworldofscholarship,therewereonlyahandfulofscientificjournalsinthe

18thcentury,andthepublicationofabookwasanevent,"saysEdwardWilson,honorarycurator

inentomologyatHarvardUniversity'smuumofcomparativezoology."Now,Ifindmylf

subscribingto60or70journalsormagazinesjusttokeepmeupwithwhatamountstoaminute

proportionoftheexpandingfrontiersofscholarship."

Thereisanotherreasonforourincreadtimestresslevels,too:

ever-largerquantitiesofgoodsandrvicesareproduced,onby

advertising,wedoourbesttooblige:webuymore,travelmoreandplaymore,butwestruggleto

fferfromwhatWilsoncallsdiscontentwithsuperabundance—theconfusion

ofendlesschoice.

Ofcour,noteveryoneisoverstresd."It'saconvenientshorthandtosaywe'reall

time-starved,butwehavetorememberthatitonlyappliesto,say,halfthepopulation,"says

MichaelWillmott,directoroftheFutureFoundation,aLondonrearchcompany.

"You'vegotpeopleretiringearly,you'vegottheunemployed,you'vegototherpeoplemaybe

onlyperipherallyinvolvedintheeconomywhodon''re

unemployed,yourproblemisthatyou'vegottoomuchtime,nottoolittle."

PaulEdwards,chairmanoftheLondon-badHenleyCentreforecastinggroup,pointsout

thatthefeelingofpressurescanalsobeexaggerated,orlf-impod."Everyonetalksaboutitso

muchthatabout50percentofunemployedorretiredpeoplewilltellyoutheyneverhaveenough

timetogetthingsdone,"hesays."It'salmostgottothepointwherethere''re

notstresd,you'newantstohavealittlebitofthisstresstoshow

they'reanimportantperson."

-by-hourlogskeptbythousandsofvolunteers

overthedecadeshaveshownthat,intheU.K.,workinghourshaverinonlyslightlyinthelast

10years,andintheU.S.,theyhaveactuallyfallen—evenforthoinprofessionalandexecutive

jobs,wheretheperceptionsofstressarehighest.

IntheU.S.,JohnRobinson,professorofsociologyattheUniversityofMaryland,and

GeoffreyGodbey,professorofleisurestudiesatPennStateUniversityfoundthat,sincethe

mid-1960s,theaverageAmericanhadgainedfivehoursaweekinfreetime—thatis,timeleft

afterworking,sleeping,commuting,caringforchildrenanddoingthechores.

Thegains,however,plewhobenefitedthemostwere

hogainedtheleast—lessthananhour—wereworking

coupleswithpre-schoolchildren,perhapsreflectingthetrendforparentstospendmoretime

nurturingtheiroffspring.

Thereis,ofcour,agenderissuehere,esinhouholdappliancesmayhave

encouragedwomentotakepayingjobs:butaswehavealreadynoted,technologydidnotend

ult,weeappallinginequalitiesinthedistributionoffreetime

ingtotheHenleyCentre,e48hours

gmothersget14.

Inequalitiesapart,theperceptionofthetimefamineiswidespread,andhasprovokeda

nattempttogainthelargestpossibleamountofsatisfactionfromthe

todaywantfastfood,soundbytesandinstant

ybecomeuptwhentimeiswasted.

"ntperfectmoments,"saystheHenleyCentre's

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14/19

Edwards."IfyoutakeyourkidstoamovieandMcDonald'sandit'snotperfect,you'vewastedan

afternoon,andit'santhatyou'osomemoneyyoucan

earnsomemore,butifyouwastetimeyoucannevergetitback."

ngthathelpsstreamlineourlivesisagrowth

mpleiswhatAmericanscallconciergervices—domestichelp,childcare,

-lineretailersareeingbigincreasinsales—thoughnot,as

yet,profits.

rmore

aboutpeopletakingearlyretirementorgivinguphighpressurejobsinfavourofoccupationswith

iessuchasBritain'sNationalWork-LifeForumhavesprungup,

urgingemployerstoendthelong-hourscultureamongmanagersandtoadoptfamily-friendly

workingpolicies.

Thetroublewithallthereactionsisthatliberatingtime—whetherbymakingbetteruof

it,buyingitfromothersorreducingtheamountspentatwork—isfutileifthehoursgainedare

immediatelydivertedtootherpurpos.

AsGodbeypointsout,thestresswefeelarisnotfromashortageoftime,butfromthe

surfeitofthingswetrytocramintoit."It'sthekidinthecandystore,"hesays."There'sjustso

etimeisincreasing,butnotas

fastasournofthenecessary."

Amoresuccessfulremedymaylieinunderstandingtheproblemratherthanevadingit.

Beforetheindustrialrevolution,peoplelivedinsmallcommunitieswithlimited

theconfinesoftheirvillage,theycouldreasonablyexpecttoknow

everythingthatwastobeknown,eeverythingthatwastobeen,anddoeverythingthatwasto

bedone.

Today,beingcuriousbynature,globalvillageisa

worldoflimitlesspossibilities,andwecanneverachieveouraim.

Itisnotmoretimeweneed:toswitchoffthecell-phoneand

tobuyless,to

tboundariesforourlves,orbedoomedtomountingdespair.

Unit7TextATheNightmareAndTheDreams

Text课文

PeggyNo

gless

thanayearawayfromthedestructionoftheWorldTradeCenter,herthoughtsareinevitably

affectedbythatterribleevent.

THENIGHTMAREANDTHEDREAMS

¡ªHowhasSept.11affectedournationalunconscious?

PeqqyNoonan

hotthatoncewhenIhadafeverafriendcalledandaskedme

howIfeltandIsaid,"Youknowhowdryandhotpaperfeelswhenit'sbeenfaxed?That'showI

feel."asifwe'vebeenfaxed.

dayandwentforawalkontheBrooklynBridge.

hanged

landscapeofdowntownitisourundisturbedbeauty,

.

15/19

emtoloveitmorenow,'salwaysfullof

touristsbutalwaysfullofNewYorkers,too.

Iamstruck,asIalwaysamwhenI'monit,thatIamwalkingononeoftheengineering

sstruckyesterdaythatIwaslookingatoneofthegreatestviewsin

thehistoryofman'screation,Manhattanatsunri.

onairewouldpaybillionstoownthisbridgeandkeepthisview,

butIandmyjogging,

wedoispaymaintenance,ucky.

AsIroundedtheentrancetothebridgeontheBrooklynside,asmallmomentaddedtomy

awn,trafficwaslight,

driver'satwiththewindowdownwasablackmanof30orso,acaplowonhisbrow,wearing

thewalkwaythatleadstothebridge;hewaslessthantwofeet

away;eyecontact."Goodmorning!"hesaid."Good

morningtoyou,"Ianswered,andfornoreasonatallwestartedtolaugh,andmovedonintothe

gsignificantinitexceptitmayormaynothavehappenedthatway30or40yearsago.

I'mnotsurethefullchargeoffriendlinesswouldhavebeenassumedoranswered.

reshowingthe1967

movie"GuessWho'sComingtoDinner?"withKatharineHepburn,SidneyPoitierandSpencer

Tracy,aboutayoungwhitewomanandayoungblackmanwhofallinlove,hopetomarryand

'sheldupwell,andpartsofitemed

movinginawayIdidn'tremember,andpertinent.

rTracyasthefatherofthewould-be

ronwhetherhehasconsideredthesufferingstheirmixed-racechildren

houghtaboutthis?Hashisfiancee?"Sheisoptimistic,"

r."ShethinkveryoneofthemwillgrowuptobecomepresidentoftheUnited

otherhandwouldttleforcretaryofstate."Thowords,written35yearsago

tsaudiencewhenthemoviecameoutwouldlikelyhave

beenayoung,film-lovingArmylieutenantnamedColinPowellwho,thatyear,waspreparingfor

thelanddreamsare

atstrikeyouasacornythingtosayandtalkabout?'sanothergreat

thing.

LateTuesday,onasubwayridefromBrooklyntothenorthofManhattan,Iresawsomething

I'atmoreandmore,onthestreetsandonthetrain,Ie

'ngfromthickcottonstring

oranaluminumchain;they'rewornoneatatimeorthreeatatime,butthey'rethere.

esitmeanthatwewearIDs?Whatarewesaying,ordo

wethinkwe'resaying?Imeanasidefromtheobvious.

Iimaginedyesterdaytherowofpeopleacrossfrommeonthetrain,lookingupallofa

suddenfromtheirnewspaperandansweringoneafteranother:

"ItmeansIknowwhoIam,"saysthemaninblueshirtandsuspenders.

"ItmeansIcangetintothebuilding,"saysthewomaningray.

"ItmeansIamasolidcitizenwithajob."

"Iamknowntoothersinmyworkplace."

''I'mnotjustblowingthroughlife,I'vea

.

16/19

regularpaycheck."

"IhavehadabackgroundcheckdonebycurityandhavebeenfoundtobeaSafePerson.

Haveyou?"

Iwonderifunemployedpeopleonthetrainlookatthetagsaroundtheotherpeoples'necks

opeI'rifkidsjustgettingtheirfirstjobat17willever

knowthatinAmericawedidn'tallutobeID'beonlyforpeoplewhoworkedin

isn'tabadwaytobe.

newassorocked

bynewsoftheirmortalitythattheyrealizedtherewillneverbeaperfecttimetohavekidsbut

we'reherenowsolet'vedthebabyboomstoryandwaitedforthebabies.

Thencamethestoriessaying:Nah,thereisnobabyboom,it'sallanecdotal,there'sno

'vebeennoticingsomethingfor

fullofnewborns,ofpinksoft-limbedinfantsincottoncarriersondaddy'llof

strollers,notonlyregularstrollersbutthekindthatcarrytwochildren¡ª

'tcarewhatanyonesays,therehavegottobedatathatbackupwhatI'meing:

thatafterSept.11,therewasatleastaBrooklynbabyboom.

Adreamboom,erdayIspokewithafriendIhadn'tensincetheworldchanged.

Hewastwoblocksawaywhenthetowersfell,allenthe

extraordinaryfootageofthatday,enitoverandover,butfewofushaveenwhatmyfriend

described:howintheofficebuildingsneartheWorldTradeCentertheystoodatthewindowsand

suddenlydarknesnvelopedthemasthetowerscollapdandthedemoniccloudsweptthrough.

Didyouethoforcedtojump?Iasked.

"Yes,"hesaid,andlookedaway.

Haveyouhadbaddreams?

"Yes,"hesaid,andlookedaway.

ndisbrilliantandbynatureadescriberofthings

rpatientsgetting

extraordinarydreams?Iasked.

"Always,"helaughs.

Sept.11-related?

"Yes,"hesays,"mostlyamongadolescents."

Iaskedifhewassavingthem,khisheadno.

So:o,thoughI'mnotsurewhy.I

tain,however,that

dreamscanbeanexpressionofanation'sunconscious,iftherecanbesaidtobesuchathing,and

derverespect.

yourSept.11relateddream¡ªrecurring,unusual,striking,

eadthem,andappreciatethemandpossiblyweavethemintoapieceonwhat

Sept.11hasdonetoourdreamlivesandtoourimaginations,whenourimaginationsareoperating

ontheirown,unfettered,unstopped,spanning.

Unit8TextAInTheJungl

Text课文

.

17/19

AnnieDillardtellsofhervisittotheNapoRiverintheheartoftheEcuadorianjungle,oneof

nature'cribesthebeautyoftheforestandheradmirationforthe

peoplewholivethere.

INTHEJUNGLE

AnnieDillard

Likeanyout-of-the-wayplace,theNapoRiverintheEcuadorianjungleemsrealenough

whenyouarethere,hewayofwhat?Iwassittingonastumpattheedgeofa

banksidepalm-thatchvillage,inthemiddleofthenight,

thewayofhumanlife,tenderness,ortheglanceofheaven?

Anightjarindeep-leavedshadowcalledthreelongnotes,withme

talkedsoftly:threeNorthAmericans,

holdingcooldrinksandidlywatchingahand-sizedtarantulaizemothsthatcametothelone

bulbonthegeneratorshedbesideus.

ItwasFebruary,irefliesspatteredlightsacrosstheairand

illuminedforconds,nowhere,nowthere,thepaletrunksofenormous,hus

thebrownNapoRiverwasrising,inallsilence;itcoiledupthesandybankandtangleditsfoamin

vinesthattrailedfromtheforestandrootsthatloopedtheshore.

arinOrionemedtotrembleandstirwithmy

nce,inthethatchhouacrosstheclearingbehinduscamethesoundofarecorder,

playingatunethattwinedoverthevillageclearing,mutedourtalkonthebankside,andwandered

overtheriver,dissolvingdownstream.

Thiswilldo,lldo,foraweekend,oraason,orahome.

LaterthatnightIloodmyhairfromitsbraidsandcombeditsmooth—notformylf,but

sothevillagegirlscouldplaywithitinthemorning.

Wehaddimbarkedatthevillagethatafternoon,andIhadslumpedonsomeshadedsteps,

wishingIknewsomeSpanishorsomeQuechuasoIcouldspeakwiththeringoflittlegirlswho

anyway,andfooledwithmyhair,

whichtheywereobviouslydyingtogettheirhandson,andlaughed,andsoontheywereall

braidingmyhair,allfiveofthem,allfiftyfingers,allmyhair,ntheytook

itapartanddiditagain,laughing,andteachingmeSpanishnouns,andmeetingmyeyesandeach

other'swithopendelight,whiletheirsmallbrothersinbluejeansclimbeddownfromthetreesand

begankickingavolleyballaroundwithoneoftheNorthAmericanmen.

Now,asIcombedmyhairinthelittletent,anotherofthemen,afreelancewriterfrom

Manhattan,ellingusthetaleofhislife,describinghisworkin

Hollywood,hisapartmentinManhattan,hishouinParis...."Itmakesmewonder,"hesaid,

"whatI'mdoinginatentunderatreeinthevillageofPompeya,ontheNapoRiver,inthejungle

ofEcuador."Afterapauheadded,"ItmakesmewonderwhyI'mgoingback."

ThepointofgoingsomewhereliketheNapoRiverinEcuadorisnottoethemost

ereontheplanetonlyonce,and

taswellgetafeelforthefringesandhollowsin

whichlifeislived,fortheAmazonbasin,whichcovershalfacontinent,andforthelifethat—

there,likeanywhereel—isalwaysandnecessarilylivedindetail:onthetributaries,inthe

riversidevillages,suckingthisparticularwhite-fleshedguavainthisparticularpatternofshade.

oRiveritlfiswideandbrown,opaque,andsmeared

.

18/19

sinflocksdartinandoutofthe

hewaterintheriver,unen,areanacondas—whicharereputedtotakeafew

villagetoddlerveryyear—andwaterboas,crocodiles,andsweet-meatedfish.

Lowwaterbaresgraystripsofsandbaronwhichthenativesbuildtinypalm-thatchshelters

theextraordinarilycleanpeople

theriver,andwhostraightblackhairisalwaysfreshlywashed>paddlingdowntheriverin

dugoutcanoes,huggingthebanks.

SomeoftheIndiansofthisregion,earlierinthecentury,udtosleepnakedinhammocks.

MacCreach,anAmericanexplorerintheAmazontributaries,

revenmore

startled,nightafternight,tohearthemwalkdowntotheriverslowly,halfasleep,andbatheinthe

terdidhelearnwhattheyweredoing:dwokethem;

theywarmedtheirskinsintheriver,whichwasalwaysninetydegrees;thentheyreturnedtotheir

hammocksandsleptthroughtherestofthenight.

Whenyouareinsidethejungle,awayfromtheriver,flies,

brightblue,striped,orclear-winged,ourfeetisa

swiththeirleaveslooklikeawidefleet

ofsailingdinghies—buttheydon'erdirectiontheywobbleoverthejungleflooras

farastheeyecane.

eledoneoftheindugoutcanoes,canoespaddled

withmachete-hewnoars,t-Indianguidehadcleared

thepathtothelakethedaybefore;whenwewalkedthepathwesawwherehehadimpaledthe

loppedheadofaboa,open-mouthed,onapointedstickbythecanoes,fordecoration.

ploddedtheshores,kingfishersandcuckoosclatteredfrom

sunlighttoshade,greatturkeylikebirdsfusdindeadbranches,andhawkshungoverhead.

inthebowofmycanoe

slappedstonesatbirdswithasimplesling,dbrilliantlyat

movingtargets,always,andalwaysmisd;fedhisslingback

daround.

Thelakeandriverwatersareasopaqueasrainforestleaves;theyareveils,blinds,painted

eshorelinewaterheaveaboveathrashing

paichi,anenormousblackfishofthewaters;onehadbeencaughtthepreviousweekweighing

afishliveinthelakes,edmyfingersinthewater,

figuringitwouldbeworthit.

Wewouldeatchickenthatnightinthevillage,togetherwithrice,onionsandheapsoffruit.

Thesunwouldringdown,htisshort,andtheunen

birdsoftwilightwistful,nunsintheirdazzlingwhitehabits—the

beautiful-bonedyoungnunandthewarm-facedold—wouldglidetotheopencane-and-thatch

schoolroomindarkness,ldrenwouldsinginpipingSpanish,

high-pitchedandpure;theywouldsing"NearerMyGodtoThee"inQuechua,

childrenbecameexcitedbytheirownsinging,theylefttheirlogbenchesandswarmedaroundthe

nuns,hopping,smilingatus,everyonesmiling,thenuns'facesburstingintheircowls,andthe

clear-voicedchildrenstillsinging,andthepalm-leafedroofingstirred.

TheNapoRiver:theway,catchingsunlightthewayacup

.

19/19

catchespouredwater;itisabowlofsweetair,abasinofgreenness,andofgrace,and,itwould

em,ofpeace.