选修8Unit1Alandofdiversity-Reading
CALIFORNIA
CaliforniaisthethirdlargeststateintheUSAbuthasthelargest
hasthedistinctionofbeingthemostmulticulturalstate
intheUSA,toms
versity
ofcultureisnotsurprisingwhenyouknowthehistoryofCalifornia.
Unit1加利福尼亚
加利福尼亚是美国的第三大州,而且是人口最多的州。加州与众
不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州,它吸引了来自世界
各地的人们。这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史后,你就不会对此感到惊讶了。
NATIVEAMERCANS
Exactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhatwenowknowas
California,r,itislikelythatNative
AmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleastfifteenthousandyearsago.
ScientistsbelievethatthettlerscrosdtheBeringStraitintheArctic
the16thcentury,afterthearrivaloftheEuropeans,thenativepeople
ndswerekilledorforcedintoslavery.
Inaddition,manydiedfromthediasbroughtbytheEuropeans.
However,somesurvivedtheterribletimes,andtodaytherearemore
NativeAmericanslivinginCaliforniathaninanyotherstate.
美洲土著人
最早的一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在所知道的加利福尼
亚地区的,谁也说不清楚。然而,很可能至少在15,000年以前美洲土
著人就住在加利福尼亚了。科学家们认为,这些迁居者通过一条史前
时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。欧洲人在
16世纪来到这儿后,土著人遭受了极大的苦难,成千上万的人被杀害
或被迫成为奴隶。此外,欧洲人带来了疾病,使许多人染病而死,不
过,还是有一些人在经历了这些恐怖时期后活下来了。今天住在加利
福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。
THESPANISH
hsoldiersfirst
arrivedinSouthAmericaintheearly16thcentury,whentheyfought
turieslater,the
SpanishhadttledinmostpartsofSouthAmericaandalongthenorthwest
irstSpanishtogoto
California,themajoritywerereligiousmen,whoministrywastoteach
1821,thepeopleofMexicogained
1846theUnitedStatesdeclaredwaronMexico,andafterthewarwonby
theUSA,r,thereisstill
whytodayover40of
CaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorcondlanguage.
西班牙人
在18世纪的时候,加利福尼亚是由西班牙统治的西班牙士兵最早是
在16世纪初期来到南美洲的,他们同土著人打仗,并夺去了他们的土
地3两个世纪以后,西班牙人在南美洲的大部分地区定居下来,而且
还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来c在首批移
居加州的西班牙人中,大部分是宗教人士,他们的职责是向原住民传
授天主教。1821年,墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立-加利福尼亚于是成
了墨西哥的一部分。1846年美国向墨西哥宣战,美国赢得战争胜利后,
墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。但是,这个州至今仍然保留着
很强的西班牙的影响。这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍
然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。
RUSSIANS
Intheearly1800s,Russianhunters,whohadoriginallygonetoAlaska,
hereareabout25,000
Russian-AmericanslivinginandaroundSanFrancisco.
俄罗斯人
19世纪初期,一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚
定居下来。今天,住在圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)及其周边地区的美籍
俄罗斯人约有25,000人。
GOLDMINERS
In1848,notlongaftertheAmerican-Mexicanwar,goldwasdiscoveredin
amofbecomingrichquicklyattractedpeoplefromall
rest,andthereforethefirsttoarrive,wereSouth
venturersfrom
,fewachievedtheirdreamof
edorreturnedhome,butmostremainedin
ttled
imeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethe
thirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSAin1850,itwasalreadyamulticultural
society.
淘金矿工
1848年,在美国同墨西哥开战之后不久,在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。
发财梦很快就吸引了世界各地的人。距离最近因而来得最早的是南美
洲人和美国人。随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。事实上很少有
人圆了发财梦。一些人死了或回家了,但是尽管条件十分艰苦,多数
人还是留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生,并在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候,它已经是一个有着
多种文化的社会了。
LATERARRIVALS
AlthoughChineimmigrantsbegantoarriveduringtheGoldRushPeriod,
itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthat
,
Chine-AmericansliveinallpartsofCalifornia,althoughalarge
percentagehavechontostayinthe"Chinatowns"ofLosAngelesand
SanFrancisco.
OtherimmigrantssuchasItalians,mainlyfishermenbutalsowinemakers,
1911immigrantsfrom
Denmarkestablishedatownoftheirown,whichtodaystillkeepsuptheir
1920sthefilmindustrywaswellestablishedin
Hollywood,ustryboomattractedEuropeansincluding
aliforniahasthecondlargestJewish
populationintheUnitedStates.
JapanefarmersbeganarrivinginCaliforniaatthebeginningofthe20th
century,from
AfricahavebeenlivinginCaliforniasincethe1800s,whentheymoved
r,evenmorearrivedbetween1942and1945to
workintheshipandaircraftindustries.
后来的移民
虽然中国移民在淘金热时期就开始到来了,但是更大批量的移民却
是在19世纪60年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。今天,
加利福尼亚州各地都有美籍华人,尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住
在洛杉矶和圣弗朗西斯科(旧金山)的“中国城”里。
19世纪后期,其他国家的移民,比如意大利人来到了加利福尼亚,
他们主要是渔民,也有制酒工人。1911年,丹麦的移民建立了自己的
城镇,至今仍然保留着丹麦文化。20世纪20年代,电影业在加州的
好莱坞建立了起来。这个行业吸引了大量的欧洲人,包括许多犹太人。
今天,加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。
日本农民是在20世纪初期开始到加利福尼亚来的,而从20世纪
80年代以来就有更多的日本人在加利福尼亚定居了。非洲人从19世
纪就在加利福尼亚住下来,他们是从墨西哥向北迁来的。然而,更多
的非洲人是在1942年至1945年期间来到加利福尼亚的,当时他们是
到船厂和飞机厂工作。
MOSTRECENTARRIVALS
Inmorerecentdecades,Californiahasbecomehometomorepeoplefrom
Asia,includingKoreans,Cambodians,ts
beginninginthe1970s,thecomputerindustryhasattractedIndiansand
PakistanistoCalifornia.
最近期的移民
在最近的几十年里,加利福尼亚成了更多的亚洲人的家,包括朝
鲜人、柬埔寨人、越南人和老挝人。从20世纪70年代以来,计算机
工业吸引了印度人和巴基斯坦人来到加州。
THEFUTURE
Peoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld,attractedbytheclimateandthe
lifestyle,lievedthatbeforelongthe
mixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajor
racialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.
未来展望
世界各地的人,由于受到气候条件和生活方式的吸引,仍然在继
续迁入加利福尼亚。人们认为,要不了多久,多种国籍的混合将会非
常之大,以致不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体,而是多种族、
多文化的混合体。
GEORGE’SDIARY12TH—14THJUNE
Monday12th,June
raighttohoteltodropmy
luggage,hingwasarideon
pofthehillgotaspectacularviewofSanFrancisco
n1873,thecablecarsystemwasinventedby
AndrewHallidie,whowantedtofindabetterformoftransportthan
ntlyhe'dbeenshockedwhenhesawaterrible
accidentinwhichatram'sbrakesfailed,theconductorcouldnotcontrol
thesituationandthetramslippeddownthehilldraggingthehorswithit.
HadalatelunchatFisherman'thedistrictwhereItalian
fishermenfirstcametoSanFranciscointhelate19thcenturyandbegan
'satouristareawithlotsofshops,afood
'salsotheplacetocatchtheferrytoAngel
IslandandotherplacesintheBay.
DidsomuchexploringatFisherman'ustedanddon't
edtonight!
Tuesday13th,June
Teamedupwithacouplefrommyhotel(PeterandTerri)andhireda
'safascinatingdrive
lueandwhitesignswithagullsonthem
'sa79kmround-tripthattakesinallthefamous
dmanytimestoadmiretheviewofthecityfrom
eareallygoodideaof
whatthecity'slike.
Inevening,e
ntsofthebuildingsare
e
interestingtempleshere,anumberofmarketsandagreatmany
tgalleriesandamuumcontainingdocuments,
photographsandallsortsofobjectsaboutthehistoryofChine
immigration,backduringtheday.
Hadadeliciousmealandthenwalkeddownthehilltoourhotel.
Wednesday14th,June
Inmorning,tookferrytoAngelIslandfromtheportinSanFrancisco
1882
to1940AngelIslandwasafamousimmigrationstationwheremany
lsinthestation
wereverysmall,coldanddamp;somedidnotevenhavelightbutthe
irablestayemedtobe
otepoemson
1940thecivilauthoritiesreformedthesystemsothatmanymoreChine
meverythoughtfulandthankfulformylifetoday.
选修8Unit2Cloning-Reading
CLONING:WHEREISITLEADINGUS?
ay
ensin
plantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomake
happensinanimalswhentwinsidenticalinxand
tis
thatthearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.
Unit2克隆:它将把我们引向何方?
克隆一直与我们同在,而如今它还要持续下去。这是一种用来生
产与原型完全相同的动植物的方法。当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下
枝条来培植新植物时,就会产生这种现象。这种现象也发生在动物身
上,从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。实际
上,这些都是自然克隆现象。
y,gardenersuitallthe
ly,itis
valuableforrearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalrearch
gplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsis
temptsto
astthedeterminationandpatienceof
thescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough-thecloningof
cedureworkslikethis:
克隆技术有两大用途。第一,园艺师一直用它生产大量的供商用
的植物;第二,它在对新植物物种的研究以及对动物的医学研究方面
都是很有价值的。克隆植物简单,但克隆动物就比较复杂了,是一项
很难完成的任务。克隆哺乳动物的多次尝试都失败了。但是,科学家
的决心和耐心最终得到了回报,这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多
莉”的诞生。它的程序如下图所示:
Ontheonehand,thewholescientificworldfollowedthe
progressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,tthat
me
g
scientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly'sillnessweremore
therDollylivedsixanda
halfyears,he
samearbitraryfateaffectedotherspecies,
questionsthatconcernedallscientistswere:"Wouldthisbeamajor
difficultyforallclonedanimals?Wouldithappenforever?Coulditbe
solvedifcorrectionsweremadeintheirrearchprocedure?"
一方面,整个科学界都在关注着首例成功的克隆动物多莉羊的成
长¨多莉看来是在正常地成长着,这很令人鼓舞。接着传来了多莉病重
的坏消息。研究克隆的科学家发现多莉得的病更容易发生在年老的羊
身上.这让他们很沮丧。多莉总共只存活了六年半,这是它的原型羊
寿命的一半。可悲的是,同样无法控制的命运也在影响着其他物种,
如克隆鼠。科学家的脑海里产生的问题是:“这是不是所有克隆动物的
一个主要困难呢?这种现象会不会永远发生?如果改进程序,问题会
不会解决?
Ontheotherhand,Dolly'sappearanceraidastormof
objectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublic
enlyopened
everybody'yestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocurerious
illnessandeventoproducehumanbeings.
另一方面,多莉的出生引起了一阵强烈的反对,对,对媒体和公
众的想象力也产生了巨大的影响。它引起了争议,因为它突然打开了
人们的眼界,看到了有可能:用克隆技术来治疗重病,甚至克隆出人
类。
Althoughatprenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededfor
cloningrearcharedifficulttoobtain,newspaperswroteofevil
leadershopingtoclonethemlvestoattaintheirambitions.
mentsbecame
gantoreformtheirlegal
systemsandforbaderearchintohumancloning,butother
countrieslikeChinaandtheUK,continuedtoaccumulateevidence
r,
scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhere
itisleadingus.
尽管目前供克隆研究的人体卵细胞和胚胎还很难得到,但报纸报
道说,有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他的野心。宗教领袖
也提出了道德方面的问题。各国政府惶恐不安而且更加谨慎,有些政
府开始改革司法制度,明令禁止进行克隆人类的研究。但是其他国家
如中国和英国,则还在继续收集克隆技术有可能提供丰富有的医疗救
助的证据。然而,科学察们仍对克隆技术有助于人类还是有害于人类,
以及克隆技术将把我们引向何处困惑。
THERETURNOFTHEDINOSAURS?
Thepossibilityofcloningfierceandextinctwildanimalshas
yarenottheonlyones!The
popularityoffilmssuchasJurassicPark,inwhichascientistclones
veralkindsofextinctdinosaurs,proveshowtheideastrucka
mixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople'actweare
istsare
becauthe
cloningofmammalsisstillanewscienceanditsstoryonlybegan
riouslyinthe1950sasthislistshows:
1950scloningoffrogs1996firstcloneofamammal:Dollythesheep
1970srearchusingtheembryosofmice2000cowgavebirthtoa
bison1979workonembryosofsheepandmice2001China'sfirst
clonedtwincalves
1981firstexperimentalclonesofmice2002firstclonedcats
1983firstexperimentalclonesofcows2005firstcloneddog
…
Fromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslike
dinosaurs,canpossiblybebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.
Unfortunately,withwhatweknownow,thisiitherimpossibleor
remanyreasons.
◎TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNA(whichgives
informationforhowcellsaretogrow).
◎Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenough
ityinagroup
meanshavinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentways.
Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheanimals
maydie,butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthat
atdrawbacktocloninga
groupofanimalsisthattheywouldallhavethesamearrangementof
neofthem
wouldbelefttocontinuethespecies.
◎Itwouldbeunfairtocloneanyextinctanimalsiftheyweretolive
blehabitatwouldbeneededforthemtoleada
nwhatweknownow,youcannotcloneanimals
thathavebeenextinctlongerthan10,ly,dinosaurs
disappeared65,000,hanceofdinosaurver
returningtotheearthismerelyadream.
Unit3蛇的困扰
Inventorsandinventions-Reading
THEPROBLEMOFTHESHRIKES
WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephone
shewasveryupt."Therearesomesnakesinourcourtyard,"she
toldme."Snakescomenearthehounowandthen,andtheyem
tohavemadetheirhomehere,
getridofthemplea?"
todistinguishmylfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwould
yparentswouldnotlike
metohurtthelivingcreatures!
我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候,她感到很心烦。“我们院子里
有几条蛇,”她告诉我说,“蛇时不时地爬到屋子旁边来,似乎是在屋
子附近离胡桃树不远的地方安家了。你能不能把它们赶走?”我感到很
自豪。这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西,
既可以把蛇捉住,而又不会伤害它们。我知道我的父母是不会让我伤
害这些生物的。
ThefirstthingIdidwastoeiftherewereanyproductsthat
mighthelpme,butthereonlyemedtobepowdersdesignedtokill
outrearching
y
thereptilesaresmallandthatmadethesolutioneasier.
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的任何产品能帮助我。但
是,看来只有一种毒蛇的药粉。很明显,我得找一种新的方法了。于
是我就着手研究蛇的习性,以便能用最容易的方法来捉住他们。好在
这些爬行动物都很小,问题比较容易解决。
Preparedwithsomerearchfindings,Idecidedonthree
possibleapproaches:firstly,removingtheirhabitat;condly,
attractingthemintoatrapusingmaleorfemaleperfumeorfood;and
thirdlycoolingthemsothattheywouldbecomesleepyandcouldbe
tanice-cream
ntheoutsideand
theinsidewallsofthebowlthereissomejelly,whichfreezeswhen
sametimeIpreparedsomeice-cubes.
经过一番研究准备之后,我决定采用三种可能的方法:第一,铲
除蛇的栖息地;第二,用男人或女人的香水或食物把它们引进陷阱;
第三,降低它们的体温,使它们困乏,这样就很容易把它们捉住。我
决定采用最后一种方法。我买了一个制冰淇淋的不锈钢碗。在碗的内
壁和外壁都抹上果冻,这些果冻冷却后会冻结。我把这个碗放进冰箱,
冷冻了24个小时。与此同时,我还准备了一些冰块儿。
d
thefrozenbowloverthesnakes'habitatandtheice-cubesontopof
yIcoveredthewholethingwithalarge
wohoursIremovedthebucketandthe
keswerelessactivebuttheywerestilltoofastforme.
hadtoadjustmyplan.
第二次试验我用的还是冻结的碗和冰块儿,但是这次我是在夜晚
气温开始变凉的时候把它们放在蛇窝的上方,然后像以前那样用桶把
碗罩住,通宵放在那儿。第二天一早我就去看结果。这一次我小心翼
翼地蹲下去检查的时候,发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。但是一把它们提起
来,它们就要咬我。因为它们都是毒蛇,所以很显然我还得改进我的
捕蛇方案。
ForthecondattemptIfrozethebowlandtheice-cubesagain
butplacedthemoverthesnakes'habitatintheevening,asthe
before,Icoveredthebowl
henextmorningI
mewithgreatcautionIbentdownto
epicked
up,werepoisonoussnakes,Iclearly
neededtoimprovemydesignagain.
t
monitoredcarefully,thesnakesprovedtobenotroubleandallwent
ctedthepassivesnakesandthenextday
wemerrilyreleadthemallbackintothewild.
第三次试验重复了上一次的程序,不过第二天早晨我的手里拿了
一个捕鱼用的小网。这是因为我预料蛇还全再咬人。但是经过仔细监
视,证明这些蛇是制造不了麻烦的,一切都按计划进行着。我把这些
温顺的蛇收集起来,第二天就愉快地把他们全都释放到野外去了。
Presdbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoizethe
opportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulideabyndingmy
teryouhavehadthat
teria
aresostrictthatitisdifficulttogetnewideasacceptedunlessthey
tion,noinventionwillgetapatentifitis:
◎adiscovery
◎ascientificideaormathematicalmodel
◎literatureorart
◎agameorabusiness
◎acomputerprogramme
◎anewanimalorplantvariety
由于朋友和亲戚的敦促,我决定把我这次的发明运到专利局去,
请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。只有你得到这种承认,你才可
以说你是一个真正的发明者二(评定)专利标准非常严格,除非新的
想法真是新颖的,否则很难被接受。此外,你的想法如果属于下列情
况,那么你也不可能得到专利:
·一种发现·一种科学理论或数学模式·文学或艺术·一场游戏或一
笔交易·一个电脑程序·一种新的动植物物种
Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilaarchhasbeenmadetofind
outthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneel'
arealargenumberofpatentexaminers,too,whoonlyjobisto
ssallthetests,
yourapplicationforapatentwillbepublished18monthsfromthe
efilledintheformandfiledmypatent
'samatterofwaitingand
'llknowifIsucceedbythesizeofmybankbalance!
Wishmeluck!
你的产品要经过仔细调查,证明它确实是与众不同的,你才能获
得专利。专利局还有一大批审查人员,他们的唯一职责就是审查你的
专利申请是否有效。如果通过了所有这些审查,你申请的专利就会在
你提出申请的18个月之后公布出来。于是,我填了表,向专利局提交
了申请书。现在就是等,待和期盼了。将来你看看我的银行结余金额
就会知道我是否成功了祝我好运吧。
ALEXANDERGRAHAMBELL
AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1847inScotland,butwhen
hewasyounghisfamilymovedtoBoston,herwas
almostentirelydeaf,soAlexanderbecameinterestedinhelpingdeaf
terestledhimto
dthatbypressinghislipsagainsthis
mother'sforehead,hecouldmakehismotherunderstandwhathe
wassaying.
Hebelievedthatoneshouldalwaysbecuriousandhismost
famoussayingwas:"Leavethebeatentrackoccasionallyanddive
imeyoudoyouwillbecertaintofind
itup,exploreall
aroundit,andbeforeyouknowit,youwillhavesomethingworth
llybigdiscoveriesarethe
resultofthought."
Itwasthixploringaroundproblemsandhisdynamicspiritthat
ver
touttoinventthetelephoneandwhathewastryingtodesignwas
iginaltelegraphntamessageover
distancesusingMorcode(ariesofdotstappedoutalongawire
inaparticularorder).
wantedtoimproveitsothatitcouldndveralmessagesatthe
gnedamachinethatwouldparatedifferent
soundwavesandallowdifferentconversationstobeheldatthe
ashe
waxperimentingwithoneendofastrawjoinedtoadeafman'ar
drumandtheothertoapieceofsmokedglass,Bellnoticedthat
whenhespokeintotheear,thestrawdrewsoundwavesonthe
dwavescould
bereproducedinamovingelectricalcurrent,theycouldbent
chingtoimprovethetelegraph,Bellhadinvented
thefirsttelephone!Bellwasfullyawareoftheimportanceofhis
inventionandwrotetohisfather:
"Thedayiscomingwhentelegraphwireswillbelaidontohous
justlikewaterorgas–andfriendswilltalktoeachotherwithout
leavinghome."
Thepatentwasgivenin1876,butitwasnotuntilfivedayslaterthat
wordshavenowbecomefamous:
"MrWatson-comehere-Iwanttoeyou."
AlexanderGrahamBellwasnotamantorestandheinterested
rimentedwith
earchingforakite
strongenoughtocarryamanintotheair,Bellexperimentedputting
ery
stable,ithasprovedinvaluableinthedesignofbridges.
hisfirstinventionateleven
ghheismostoftenassociated
withtheinventionofthetelephone,hewasindeedacontinuing
archerafterpracticalsolutionstoimprovethequalityof
everybody'slife.
选修8Unit4Pygmalion-Reading
PYGMALION
MAINCHARACTERS:
ElizaDoolittle(E):apoorflowergirlwhoisambitioustoimprove
herlfProfessorHiggins(H):anexpertinphonetics,convincedthat
thequalityofaperson'sEnglishdecideshis/herpositioninsociety
ColonelPickering(CP):anofficerinthearmyandlaterafriendof
Higgins'whotshimatask
Unit4皮格马利翁
主要人物:
伊菜扎·杜利特尔(伊):穷苦的卖花姑娘,立志要改善自己的生活
希金斯教授(希):语音学专家,坚信一个人的英语水平决定这个人的
社会地位皮克林上校(皮):陆军军官,后来成了希金斯教授的朋友,
并给他安排了一项任务
ActOneFATEFULMEETINGS
11:15pminLondon,uring
hidingfromtherainlisteningtopeople'slanguageandwatchingtheir
atching,aflowergirl
wearingdarkgarmentsandawoollenscarfisalsoshelteringfrom
eman(G)passandhesitatesforamoment.
E:Comeover’ere,cap’in,andbuymeflowersoffapoorgirl.
G:I'msorrybutIhaven'tanychange.
E:Icangiv’ouchange,cap’in.
G:(surprid)Forapound?I'mafraidI'vegotnothingless.
E:(hopefully)Oah!Oh,dobuyafloweroffme,isfor
threepence.(holdsupsomedeadflowers)
G:(uncomfortably)Nowdon'tbetroublesome,there'sagoodgirl.
(looksinhiswalletandsoundsmorefriendly)But,wait,here'ssome
atbeofanyutoyou?It'srainingheavilynow,
isn'tit?(leaves)
E:(disappointedattheoutcome,butthinkingitisbetterthannothing)
Thankyou,sir.(esamantakingnotesandfeelsworried)Hey!I
ain’tdonenothingwrongbyspeakingtothatgentleman.I'vearight
tollflowers,’tnothief.I'manhonestgirlIam!(begins
tocry)
H:(kindly)There!There!Who'shurtingyou,yousillygirl?Whatdo
youtakemefor?(givesherahandkerchief)
E:Ithoughtmaybeyouwasapolicemanindisgui.
H:DoIlooklikeapoliceman?
E:(stillworried)Thenwhydid'outakedownmywordsfor?HowdoI
knowwhether'outookmedownright?'oujustshowmewhat'ou've
wroteaboutme!
H:Hereyouare.(handsoverthepapercoveredinwriting)
E:What'sthat?Thatain''treadthat.(pushesit
backathim)
H:Ican.(readsimitatingEliza)"Comeover'ere,cap'in,andbuyme
flowersoffapoorgirl."(inhisownvoice)Thereyouareandyouwere
borninLissonGroveifI'mnotmistaken.
E:(lookingconfud)WhatifIwas?What'sittoyou?
CP:(hasbeenwatchingthegirlandnowspeakstoHiggins)That's
quitebrilliant!Howdidyoudothat,mayIask?
H:Simplyphoneticsstudiedandclassifiedfrompeople'sownspeech.
That'placeamanby
aceanyspokenconversationwithinsix
miles,andevenwithintwostreetsinLondonsometimes.
CP:Letmecongratulateyou!Butisthereanincometobemadein
that?
H:Yes,theageofthenewlyrich.
PeoplebegintheirworkinglifeinapoorneighbourhoodofLondon
e
taughtbyme,she'dbecomeanupperclasslady...
CP:Isthatso?Extraordinary!
H:(rudely)LookatthisgirlwithherterribleEnglish:theEnglishthat
,sir,
(proudly)onceeducatedtospeakproperly,thatgirlcouldpass
herlfoffinthreemonthsasaduchessatanambassador'sgarden
sIcouldevenfindheraplaceasalady'smaidora
shopassistant,whichrequiresbetterEnglish.
E:What'sthatyousay?Ashopassistant?Nowthat'ssommatIwant,
thatis!
H:(ignoresher)Canyoubelievethat?
CP:Ofcour!IstudymanyIndiandialectsmylfand...
H:Doyouindeed?DoyouknowColonelPickering?
CP:IndeedIdo,you?
H:I'mHenryHigginsandIwasgoingtoIndiatomeetyou.
CP:AndIcametoEnglandtomakeyouracquaintance!
E:Whataboutme?How'llyouhelpme?
H:Oh,takethat.(carelesslythrowsahandfulofmoneyintoher
basket)Wemusthaveacelebration,mydearman.(leavetogether)
E:(lookingatthecollectedmoneyinamazement)Well,Inever.A
wholepound!Afortune!That'llhelpme,owI'll
findyou,uwaitande!Allthattalkof
(imitateshim)"authenticEnglish"...(inherownvoice)I'lle
whetheryoucangetthatforme...(goesout)
第一幕决定性的会面
1914年的某日晚上11点15分,在英国伦敦某剧场夕。正下着倾
盆大雨,四处响着出租车的鸣笛声。有一位男士在躲雨,边听人们谈
话边观察着人们的反应。他一边观察,一边作记录。附近一个穿着黑
色衣裙围着羊毛围巾的卖花姑娘也在躲雨。这时有位先生(先)从这
儿路过,他迟疑了片刻。
伊:长官,过这边来呀,买我这个苦命的孩子一束花吧!
先:对不起,我没有零钱,
伊:长官,我可以给你找零钱呀。
先:(惊奇地)一个英镑你找得开吗?没有再小的钱了。
伊:(带有希望的神色)啊!好啦,从我这买一束吧。拿这一束,只要
三个便士o(举起一些已经枯萎的花)
先:(不舒服地)现在别烦我,好姑娘。(在他的口袋里找什么,这时
语气好些了)等一等,这儿有几个零钱。这点钱对你有用吗?雨下大
了,不是吗?(说完就走了)
伊:(对先生付的钱表现出失望的样子,但是有总比没有好)先生,谢
谢了。(看到有人在记什么,感到担心)嗨,我跟那位先生讲话,又没
做错什么事。我有权卖花吧,我有权嘛!我不是小偷,我是个老实姑
娘,老老实实的!(开始哭起来)
希:(友善地)好啦,好啦!谁伤害你了,傻姑娘?你把我当成什么人
了?(递给她一条手帕)
伊:我还以为你是一个便衣警察呢。
希:我像警察吗?
伊:(仍在担心)那你为啥要把我说的话记下来呢?我怎么知道你是不
是写对了呢?那你把你写的关于我的东西给我看看。
希:你看吧!(把写满字的纸递给她)
伊:这是什么呀?不像规规矩矩的字,我看不懂。(把纸退回给他)
希:我懂。(模仿伊的声音读)长官,过这边来呀,买我这个苦命孩子
一束花吧!(改用自己的声音)好了吧,你呀,如果我没有弄错的话,
你出生在里森格罗佛:
伊:(困惑不解的)如果我是又怎样呢?跟你有什么关系呢?
皮:(本来是一直望着这个姑娘的,这时跟希金斯说话了)太棒了!请
问你是怎么知道的呢?
希:对人的发音进行研究、分类,如此而已。这是我的专业,也是我
的业余爱好。你可以根据几句话判定是哪个地方的人。我可以根据任
何谈话来判定他们是哪个地方的人,差距不过六英里,有时候在伦敦
甚至不超过两个街区呢。
皮:恭喜你了!不过,你这样做有收入吗?
希:当然有哆,还挺高呢。这是个致富的年代人们从伦敦的穷人区
开始工作,年收入才80英镑,最后到了富人区工作,年收入就是10
万英镑了,但是他们一张嘴就会露出马脚(暴露自己的身份)。如今如
果让我一教,她就会变成一个上层阶级的淑女……
皮:是吗?那太妙了!
希:(粗鲁地)你瞧这个姑娘,英语说得那样糟糕,使她注定要在贫民
窟里待上一辈子。不过,先生,(高傲地)要是一旦有人教她把英语说
好了,她就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会
了。说不定我还可以给她找份工作,当一名贵夫人的侍女或商店的店
员。这些工作都要求英语说得好呢。
伊:你说啥来着?店员?这正是我想要做的,真的!
希:(不理睬她)你相信我说的话吗?
皮:当然相信。我自己就学了好多种印度方言,而且……
希:真的吗?那你认不认得皮克林上校呢?
皮:当然认得,皮克林就是我。那么请问您是谁?
希:我是亨利·希金斯。我还打算要去印度见你呢:
皮:我也正是到英国来找你的!
伊:我呢?你们怎么帮助我呢?
希:啊,拿去吧!(漫不经心地朝她的篮子里扔去一把钱)好老兄,我
们该美美地庆祝一番了。(一道离去)
伊:(惊奇地看着收集起来的钱)啊,我还从来没有见过!整整一个英
镑呢!一笔财富呀!这的确给我帮大忙了,真的。明天我一定去找你,
亨利·希金斯。等着瞧吧!你那口(模仿他的声音)“真正的英语”……
(用自己的声音)我倒要看看你能不能帮我找到……(离去)
ActTwo,Scene1MAKINGTHEBET
Itis11aminHenryHiggins'igginsand
ColonelPickeringaresittingdeepinconversation.
H:Doyouwanttohearanymoresounds?
CP:No,rfanciedmylfbecauIcanpronounce
twenty-fourdistinctvowelsounds;butyouronehundredandthirty
'tdistinguishmostofthem.
H:(laughing)Well,thatcomeswithpractice.
ThereisaknockandMrsPearce(MP),thehoukeeper,comesin
withcookies,ateapot,somecreamandtwocups.
MP:(hesitating)Ayounggirlisaskingtoeyou.
H:Ayounggirl!Whatdoesshewant?
MP:Well,she'ht
perhapsyouwantedhertotalkintoyourmachines.
H:Why?Hasshegotaninterestingaccent?We'rin,
MrsPearce.
MP:(onlyhalfresignedtoit)Verywell,sir.(goesdownstairs)
H:Thisisabitofluck.I'llshowyouhowImakerecordsonwax
disks...
MP:(returning)Thisistheyounggirl,sir.(Elizacomesintotheroom
irtyandwearingashabbydress.
Shecurtsiestothetwomen.)
H:(disappointed)Why!I''stheone
'raway.
CP:(gentlytoEliza)Whatdoyou-want,younglady?
E:(upt)Iwannabealadyinaflowershop'steado'llingflowers
ywon'ttakeme'Iam,
readytopayhim.I'mnotaskingforanyfavours-andhetreatsme
likedirt.
H:Howmuch?
E:(happier)riendofminegetsFrench
wouldn'thavethefacetoaskmeforthesameforteachingmeasyer
'tgiveyermorethanashilling.
H:(ignoringElizaandspeakingtoPickering)Ifyouthinkofhow
muchmoneythisgirlhas-why,it'sthebestofferI'vehad!(toEliza)
ButifIteachyou,I'llbeworthanafather.
CP:Isay,ememberwhatyousaidlastnight?I'll
sayyou'rethegreatestteacheraliveifyoucanpassheroffasalady.
I'llbetherefereeforthislittlebetandpayforthelessonstoo...
E:(gratefully)Oh,yerrealgood,ou,Colonel.
H:Oh,sheissodeliciouslylow.(compromis)OK,I'llteachyou.(to
MrsPearce)Butshe'raway,Mrs
'llbuyhernew
'syourname,girl?
E:I'mElizaDoolittleandI'heswenttothelaundry
whenIwashedlastweek.
MP:Well,MrHigginshasabathtubofhisownandhehasabath
etwogentlementeachyou,you'llhavetodo
n'tlikethesmellofyouotherwi.
E:(sobbing)Ican'''tnaturalandit'dkillme.I'venever
hadabathinmylife;notovermywholebody,neitherbelowmy
waistnortakingmyvestoff.I'dneverhavecomeifI'dknownabout
thisdisgustingthingyouwantmetodo...
H:Oncemore,takeheraway,MrsPearce,immediately.(Outside
ElizaisstillweepingwithMrsPearce)Youetheproblem,
'llbehowtoteachhergrammar,notjustpronunciation.
She'sinneedofboth.
CP:Andthere'sanotherproblem,ewegoingtodo
oncetheexperimentisover?
H:(heartily)Throwherback.
CP:Butyoucannotoverlookthat!She'llbechangedandshehas
bepractical,mustn'twe?
H:Well,we',wemustplanthebestwayto
teachher.
CP:'susually
consideredveryeffective...(fadesoutastheygooffstagetogether)
选修8Unit5Meetingyourancestors-Reading
AVISITTOTHEZHOUKOUDIAINCAVES
Agroupofstudents(S)fromEnglandhascometothe
aeologist(A)isshowingthem
round.
A:reat
pleasuretomeetyoustudentsfromEngland,whoareinterestedin
tbeawarethatit'sherethatwefound
evidenceofsomeoftheearliestpeoplewholivedinthispartofthe
'vebeenexcavatinghereformanyyearsand...
S1:I'msorrytointerruptyoubuthowcouldtheylivehere?Thereare
onlyrocksandtrees.
A:found
humanandanimalbonesinthocaveshigherupthehillaswellas
inkitisreasonabletoassumethey
livedinthecaves,regardlessofthecold.
S2:Howdidtheykeepwarm?Theycouldn'thavemats,blanketsor
havebeenveryuncomfortable.
A:We'vediscoveredfireplacesinthecentreofthecaveswherethey
uldhavekeptthemwarm,cookedthefoodand
beenexcavatinglayersof
ashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhattheymighthave
n'tfoundanydoorsbutwe
thinktheymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeep
outthecoldduringthefreezingwinter.
S3:Whatwildanimalswerethereallthattimeago?
A:Well,we'vebeenfindingthebonesoftigersandbearsinthe
caves,
whatdoyouthinkthistellsusaboutthelifeoftheearlypeople?
(showspictureofawingneedle)
S2.:Gosh!That'ss,doesthatmeantheyrepaired
things?
A:Whateldoyouthinkitmighthavebeenudfor?
S4:',it
rhowtheymadetheholefor
the...
S2:(interrupting)Doyoumeanthattheymadetheirownclothes?
Wheredidtheygetthematerial?
A:Theydidn'guesswhat
theyud?
Sl:Wow!Didtheywearclothesmadeentirelyofanimalskins?How
didtheypreparethem?I'msuretheywerequiteheavytocutand
wtogether.
A:Ourevidencesuggeststhattheydidwearclothesmadefrom
inuediscoveringtoolsthatweresharpenersfor
sthattheyudthesharpenedstonetoolstocut
allerscraperswere
hat
theywouldrubanampleamountofsaltontotheskintomakeitsoft.
Finally,difficult
andmessytask!Nowlookatthis.(showsanecklace)
S2:Why,it'lypeoplereallycareabout
theirappearancelikewedo?It'slovely!
A:Yes,youthinkit'smadeof?.
S4:,Ithinksomeofthebeadsaremadeofanimal
bonesbutothersaremadeofshells.
A:Howcleveryouare!Oneboneisactuallyananimaltoothandthe
identifyanyotherbones?
S1:reasonable?
A:Yes,indeed,asthebotanicalanalyshaveshownus,allthe
ly
therewerefishinit.
S3:ilesfromthea,sohowdid
theashellsgethere?
A:Perhapstherewastradebetweenearlypeoplesortheytravelled
thattheymovedaround,
dn'tgrowtheirowncrops,but
'swhytheyare
,whydon'twegoandvisitthe
caves?
Unit5周口店洞穴参观记
一群英国学生(学)来到周口店洞穴参观。有一位考古学家(考)
正领着他们参观。
考:欢迎到中国来参观周口店洞穴。很高兴见到你们这些从英国来的
对考古学感兴趣的学生。你们想必都很清楚,正是在这个地方,我们
找到了世界上居住在这个地方最早人类的证据。我们在这儿进行的挖
掘工作已经很多年了,而且……
学1:
对不起,打断一下你的讲话,请问他们是怎么住在这个地方的呢?这
儿只有石头和树木。考:问得好。你是个敏锐的观察者,在高山上的
那些洞穴里我们找到了人骨和兽骨,还有工具和其他物品因此,我们
有理由认为他们不顾严寒,就住在这些洞穴里。
学2:那他们是怎样取暖的呢?他们不可能像我们现在这样有垫子、毯
子和被子。想必是很不舒服的了。
考:我们发现在洞穴中央有生火用的地炉。他们用地炉里的火来取暖、
做饭,还可以用火来吓跑野兽。我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎
有六米厚,这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。我们还没有找到门,
但我们认为在天寒地冻的冬季他们可能是用兽皮挂在洞口来防寒的。
学3:在那以前有些什么野兽吗?考:嗯,我们在洞里发现了老虎和熊
的骨头。我们认为这些野兽对他们来讲是最危险的敌人了。现在,你
们看这个东西能告诉我们有关早期人类生活的什么情况呢?(指着一
张有针线的照片让大家看)
学2:哎呀,那是一根针!天哪,难道他们还会修补东西吗?
考:除此之外,你认为还可能派别的什么用场吗?
学4:让我看看。这个东西最多三厘米长,看起来像是用骨头做的。我
不知道他们是怎样做成针眼的……
学2:(插话)你是不是说他们自己做衣服穿?他们又是从哪里得到衣
料的呢?
考:他们没有像我们今天穿的这种衣料。你能猜出他们用的是什么吗?
学1:哇,他们穿的衣服全都是用兽皮做的吗?他们那些衣服是怎样做
成的?我确信它们裁剪并缝起来又厚又重。
考:我们有证据表明,他们的确穿的是用兽皮制的衣服。我们不断发
现一些磨削其他工具用的工具。看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切
割野兽并剥皮,再用小一些的刮子把皮上的脂肪和肉去掉。然后,他
们可能在兽皮上擦上大量的盐,使皮变柔软。最后进行剪裁,缝起来
就成了。确实是既难又脏的活!现在来看看这个吧。(指着一串项链)
考:你真聪明!有块骨头实际上是野兽的牙齿,贝壳是从海边捡来的。
你还认得别的骨头吗?
学1:这根很像鱼骨头,对吗?
考:很对。植物学的分析结果明确地告诉我们,这儿四周曾经是一个
很.大的浅水湖。毫无疑问,当时湖里是有鱼的。
学3:不过,湖并不是海呀,我们离海还远着呢¨眷客,更壳又是怎么
来的呢?
考:早期人类之间也许有贸易来往,或者他们也可能旅行到海边
去。我们知道,他们跟着兽群四处走。他们并不种植谷物,而是在野
果熟了的时候采摘它们并捕杀野兽来充饥。这就是他们被称之为猎人
和采摘者的缘故。现在,咱们去参观洞穴好吗?
THEFEAST:18,000BC
Worriedaboutthepreparationsforherfeast,Lalaquicklyturned
forhomewithhercollectionofnuts,he
customoffamilygroupstoparateandthengatheragainat
differentsitesforreunionsastheyfollowedtheanimalherdsacross
itcould
bejustlikelastyear!AtthattimeshehadbeensohappywhenDahu
hebest
toolmakerinthegroupanditwasagreathonourforhertobechon.
felt
shehadlookedaheadandplannedbetterthisyear!Thenshe
wouldn'thavebeenfeelingsoworriednow.
Havingheardwolveshowlingintheforest,Lalaacceleratedher
walkupthepathtothecavesfearingthattheremightbewildbeasts
nomanwithhisspeartoprotecther.
Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmell
enhadbrought
homethemeatforthefeast!Thesmellofcookingmeatfilledtheair
surroundingher,
couldehermotherandtheolderchildrenpreparingthedeerand
tsweremakingclotheswithanimal
lyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,
shoutingsister,oodtohaveher
familyaroundher.
large,square
face,s
shoulderhecarriedveralfishandsomepiecesofwoodunderhis
iledandhandedsomestonescrapersovertoDahu,
whosmiledandwentoutsidethecavetobeginhistask.
Firsthelookedcarefullyatthescrapersandthenwenttoacornerof
reinapilewith
eonelarge
stoneandbegantouitlikeahammerstrikingtheedgeofthe
thenDahuwouldstop,
stoppedwhenhefeltthescrapersweresharpenoughtocutupthe
sdthemtoLala,thefirstofthe
's
,itwasgoingtobejustaswonderfulaslastyear!
Shesmiledtoherlfgailyandwentoutofthecavetowelcomeher
friendsandneighbours.
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