blame的用法

更新时间:2022-11-23 12:34:04 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月23日发(作者:视频教程)

高中英语目录:一、重点单词二、重点词组三、高级词汇

四、词组固定搭配五、高级句型结构六、过去完成时概念七、

阅读理解解题指导1

一、重点单词Note:还可以作为系动词,与em同义,表示

看起来……。用法:用法:arrive

at表示到一个小地方;arriveinNote:反义词unable表示不能,

而disabled表示残疾的。表示到一个大地方。beabletodo可

以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。Note:引申含义表示得出,

如:arriveatadecision/用法:表示到

(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。用法:askto

do;;askforNote:可以说fromabroad,表示从国外

回来。Note:后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:askthatsb.

用法:表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。

(should)do的形式。Note:表示允许进入的时候与介词to搭配。

用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不

用法:;advidoing能作定语。Note:

后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即::通常

与动词be及fall搭配;soundasleep表示熟(should)do的形式。

睡。用法:通常与动词不定式搭配使用。用

法:表示参加,后面经常加上meeting,lecture,Note:前面需要

有beableto或can等词。conference,class,school,wedding,

funeral等词;也可以用法:表示在时间、空间之后;be

after表示追表示照顾,照料。寻。Note:attendto可以表示处

理、照料等。Note:用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点,而in

接一个ion用法:payattentionto;draw/catchsb’s

attention时间段,如:after3o’clock;用法:

与介词on,to,with及动词不定式搭配。Note:写通知时的常用

语:MayIhaveyourattention,plea?Note:agreeon表示达

成一致;agreeto表示批准;agreewith表示同意某人说的话。

用法:表示打败某人,或连续不断地击打某物。

用法:表语性形容词,在句中只能作表语,不能Note:

heartbeat表示心跳。作定语。e用法:后面接原因

状语从句,becauof后Note:可以作状语使用,表示活活地,

如:.面接名词。用法:allowdoing;allow

te:becau表示直接原因,因此只有用它才可以回

答Note:可以表示允许进入,如:的特

殊疑问句及用在强调句中。用法:用在三者或三者

以上的群体中。用法:系动词,表示变得……。可以

由好变Note:还可以表示其中之一,如:Heisamongthebest.

坏或由坏变好。用法:用于连接两个词、短语、句子或

其他相同Note:becomeofsb.表示某人发生了什么事情。结构。

用法:beforelong,longbefore,thedaybeforeNote:

与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如:Workyesterday,the

week/yearbeforelast上上周/前年hard,andyou’llsucceed

:Itbe+段时间before…在该句型中,主句

时态只r用法:表示又一个,泛指,相当于onemore

有将来时态和一般过去时态。的含义。用法:begin

todo;begindoingNote:不能直接加复数名词,需要与一个数词

搭配,如:Note:当begin本身是进行时的时候,只能用begin

todoanother2weeks.的形式。如:Itwasbeginningtorain.

用法:及物动词,但在作名词时要与介词

e用法:believesb.表示相信某人说的话;believe搭

配。insb.表示信任;6123结构。Note:可以表示接电话、应

门等。如:answertheNote:回答问句时通常用Ibelieveso/not

的形式。phone/s用法:表示除……之外还有,

包含在一个整s用法:beanxiousfor/about/todo体之

中。Note:beanxiousabout表示担心;beanxiousfor表示盼

Note:还可以用作副词,表示此外,要用逗号隔开。望得到。

用法:表示越过、在另一边,如:beyondthe

wood/用法:不及物动词,没有宾语,没有被

动语态。Note:可以用于引申含义,表示超出……,如:beyond

2

control/power/用法:catchthethief;

catchfire;catchacold;用法:与alittle一

样可以修饰不可数名词,形容词或副词。Note:becaught表示

陷入困境,如::修饰名词时要

用abitof;notabit表示一点也不。用法:take/bear

theblame;用法:集合名词,动词要

用复数形式。如::表示应受到责怪

时不用被动语态,如::一头牛可以用a

headofcattle.注意十头牛用用法:blowdown/away

headofcattle。Note:表示风刮得很大时要用blowhard.

用法:bychance;takeachance;thereisachancethat…

用法:boiling表示沸腾的;boiled表示煮过的。Note:

boilingpoint可以表示沸点。Note:在chance后面可以用动词不

定式或者of的结构用法:borrow表示借入:lend表

示借出。作定语。Note:点动词,不能表示借的时间长短。

用法:changeAforB表示用A换成B;change

用法:holdone’sbreath;outofbreath;saveone’sAinto

B表示把A变成B。breathNote:表示变化时是可数名词,表

示零钱时不可数。Note:takeabreath表示深吸一口气;take

breath表示喘用法:集合名词,谓语动词单复数由其表

示的口气。意思决定。用法:burndown/up/one’s

handNote:inclass表示在上课,intheclass表示在班上。Note:

burning表示点着的;burnt表示烧坏的。用法:动词

表示关闭;形容词表示亲密的;副ss用法:on

business表示出差;in/outof词表示靠近。business表示开/关

张。Note:clo作副词时表示距离上的靠近,而另一个副词

Note:表示商业时不可数,表示具体的行业时可数。形式

cloly表示密切地。用法:bebusywith/doing.

s用法:复数名词,谓语动词用复数,不能加Note:不

能说Myworkisbusy.应说Iambusywithmy不定冠词。work.

Note:要用few或many来修饰。用法:5

dollars;用法:5dollars;buysth.

:点动词,不能表示买的时间长短。Note:点动词,

不能表示买的时间长短。用法:not…but..butfornext

butone,用法:not…but..butfornextbutone,

havenochoicebutodosth.,allbut几乎,差一点choicebutodo

sth.,allbut几乎,差一点Note:g前

有do,后面的toNote:g前有do,

后面的to要省略。Notonly…butalso…引导的并列句,前倒后不

要省略。Notonly…butalso…引导的并列句,前倒后不倒。

cannothelp/choobutdosth.不能不,只能倒。cannothelp/

choobutdosth.不能不,只能用法:byaccident,byair/

a/train,byandby,用法:byaccident,byair/a/train,

byandby,byfar,byforce,bymistake,bychance,bythewayfar,by

force,bymistake,bychance,bythewayNote:bywayof取道,经

由。byreasonof由于。by引Note:bywayof取道,经由。by

reasonof由于。by引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。导的

时间状语一般句子用完成时态。用法:takecareof;

withcare;carefor/用法:callfor/up/back/in/,

h.,pay/,oncall

Note:careabout表示在乎,常用于否定句;carefor表示关心,

喜爱,常用于肯定句。Note:callat后面跟地点;callon后面跟

人。用法:carry表示搬运;carryon表示进行;坚55.

care用法:takecareof;withcare;carefor/about持下去;carry

out表示执行。Note:careabout表示在乎,常用于否定句;

carefor表示Note:carry没有方向性,可以表示随身携带。关心,

喜爱,常用于肯定句。用法:inca;incaof;inany

ca;inthis/用法:carry表示搬运;carryon表示进

行;坚ca持下去;carryout表示执行。Note:inca后面的

状语从句可以用虚拟语气,即incaNote:carry没有方向性,

可以表示随身携带。do的形式。用法:in

ca;incaof;inanyca;inthis/that3

:inca后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气,即

incaNote:commonn表示常识;incommon表示共同点。

do的形式。e用法:compare…with…表示

把……与……用法:catchthethief;catchfire;catchacold;

作比较;compare…to…表示把……比作……。catchupwith,catch

:用作状语时,二者都可以表示比较,如:

Comparedwith/tootherwomen,:be

caught表示陷入困境,如:Hewascaughtintherain.71.

consider用法:considerdoingsth./whattodo/that...,59.

cattle用法:集合名词,动词要用复数形式。如:considersb.

sth.6123结构:该词直接跟宾语用

动名词但可以用不定式作宾Note:一头牛可以用aheadofcattle.

注意十头牛用ten补;considering引导短语作状语,表示“考虑

到”headofcattle。ion用法:表示生活、工作等的条

件或状况。用法:bychance;takeachance;thereisa

Note:onconditionthat表示只要,条件状语从句。chancethat…

t用法:becontentwith/todoNote:在chance后面可

以用动词不定式或者of的结构Note:表语性形容词,在句中只

能作表语,不能作定语。作定语。用法:.

somemoney,只能用物作主用法:changeAforB表

示用A换成B;change语。AintoB表示把A变成B。Note:修

饰cost要用副词high或:表示变化时是可数名词,表

示零钱时不可数。用法:becoveredwith表示状态;

用法:(doing)…,

表示动作。$Note:反义词

uncover表示揭开盖子;discover表示发现。Note:inchargeof

负责;inthechargeof由某人负责(表用法:crossoff

划掉,crossone’smind,crossout,bearone’scross忍受痛苦示的

是被动的)。用法:集合名词,谓语动词单复数由其表

示的Note:作形容词一般用于becrosswithsb.=beangrywith

sb.意思决定。Note:inclass表示在上课,intheclass表示在班

上。用法:用法:clearaway,

clearoff,makeclear,itisclearNote:集合名词,谓语动词单复数

由其表示的意思决定。that…用法:…Note:

clearup及物时表示“澄清,整理,收拾”;不及物Note:cure强

调治愈,表示结果;而treat知表示动作。表示“晴朗起来,开

朗起来”。用法:cutdown/up/用法:动词表

示关闭;形容词表示亲密的;副Note:作名词时ashortcut表示

捷径。词表示靠近。用法:dodamagetosb.=dosb.

harmNote:clo作副词时表示距离上的靠近,而另一个副词

Note:表示损害的时候不可数,复数形式可以表示赔偿形式

cloly表示密切地。费。s用法:复数名词,谓语动

词用复数,不能加用法:indanger表示处于危险的

境地。不定冠词。Note:表示一般概念时不可数,表示具体危

险时可数。Note:要用few或many来修饰。用法:作

为情态动词一般用于否定句,疑问句t用法:collect

stamps;collectone’schildfrom或者条件状语从句;作为实意动

词后跟不定式。Note:Idaresaythat….意为:我猜测,可能,或

许。schoolNote:acollectphone表示对方付费的电话。83.

dark用法:before/afterdark;用法:表示到

说话者所处的地方来。常见短语Note:可以表示深色的,如:

darkblue.有:cometo,comeabout,comeacross,comeout,come

用法:agreat/gooddealof修饰不可数名词。anend,

comedown,comeup,comeintobeing/exist/Note:作动词时构

成短语dealwith,常与副词how搭配。force/effect等。85.

defeat用法:及物动词,后面的宾语是国家,队,军Note:可用

作系动词,表示变成,如:Hisdreamscame队等名词。true.

Note:不能用人作宾语。用法:表示普遍性,如:

用法:demandtodo;demand

that…,demand4

:disagree虽然在形式上有否定前缀,但

并不是个否Note:后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即:demand

thatsb.定词。注意它的反义问句形式:Hedisagreedwithyou,

didn’the?(should)do的形式。用法:dependon

sb./sth./one’sdoingsth./ce用法:inthedistance;

:可用于引申含义,表示时间上或情

感上的距离。Note:depend不及物动词,常和on连用。意为

“依靠,用法:divide…into…表示把……分成几份。信

赖”强调分成等份。用法:名词表示沙漠;动词表示

抛弃。Note:可以表示除法,如:Ninedividedbythreeisthree.

Note:可以用过去分词作表语或定语,表示废弃的,如:

用法:doawaywith,;doup;dowith.,aderted

ers,=ine

用法:determinetodo;te:主要用作及物

动词;不及物时表示“行”:Ifyouhavenopen,pencilwilldo.

Note:过去分词表示有决心的,可以说bedeterminedtodosth.

决心做…(表示状态)用法:doubtsb./sth.,beyond

doubt,indoubt,nodoubt,用法:

devoteonelfto;bedevotedtoNote:与devote搭配的to是介

词,后面接名词或动名词。Note:主句是否定句时宾语用that

引导;主句是肯定句如:Hiswholelifewasdevotedtoteaching.

时宾语用whether/if引导。用法:dieof/from/for/out/

wn用法:副词,前面不加介词,如:go

:点动词,不与for引起的时间状语连用。92.

difficulty用法:havedifficultywith;havedifficultiesNote:可用作

定语,如:h.;havedifficultyindoing

sth.;用法:drawapicture/thecurtainNote:表示一般

概念时不可数,表示具体困难时可数。Note:引申含义表示得

出,如:drawaconclusion/ee用法:disagree

用法:dreamof/about/that…---------------------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------Idon'tagreewithyouonthispoint.

二、重点词组YourstoryagreeswithwhatIhadalreadyheard.

Theclimatedoesn'todo能够做After

payinggreatefforts,heisabletospeakEnglishThemuslsIhad

forlunchhaven'bagreesits

ttodo正要做

angrywith对……生气AsIwasabouttosay,youinterruptedme.

to…把……加……dd5to5,

eaistoostrong,addsomehot

ousabout对……担心Thisaddstoour

xiousaboutmyson'idof害

怕or申请

nst反对h.

inone'sarms把……抱在怀里Wedon'tagreewiththeproposal,

arms拿起武器Weshouldtakeupourarmsto

n达成一致Weagreedonan

earlystart/in/ataplace达到某地

herwillarriveinBeijingnext

eattheschooleverymorningataregulartime.

odo同意做Myfatherhasagreedtobuymeanew

(sb.)forsth.向(某人)要某物Youshouldn't

ith同意某人(或

其想法、观点、认识等);与……相符entionto对……

注意5

Whenyouwriteanessay,youhaveveralthingstopayHe

'sbreakoff

from远离……Whenyoufriendisintrouble,don'tbeawayfrom

him/her;ut(指战争、灾难、争吵等)突然爆发

instead,rokeoutduring

/runaway逃跑

It'sdangerous!Go/herules违反

规则…todeath将……打死Everyoneinthegroup

mustn'earlybeattodeathonceafterhe

p击碎、驱散终止结束分裂分开分手

stealing.放学

bed上床休息IwassotiredthatIwenttobedearlierthanbefore.

icebrokeupthecrowd.

ebed铺床Youareoldenoughtomakethebedsby

e'sbreath屏住呼吸Heheldhisbreathand

'spardon请某人再说一遍

SorryIdidn'own击落、打

倒…with以……开始Amomentago,webroughtdown

ld

ein信仰n赚得、赢得

(利润)Inwesterncountries,

farmsbring(him)in$grambringsinanew

to属于ThatTaiwanbelongstoChinashould

n导致……结果Hewasoutallday

'sbest尽最大的努

力Ifyouhavedoneyourbest,thenthere'.

ter最

好chisbringingonsome

ay吹走Thewind

p抚养Shehasbroughtupfive

oat乘船Itookaboattogototheislandin

drenarebadlybroughtuptheybehave

出生p建立;恢复(身体状况等)

uiltupagoodbusiness.

way

from从……脱离,断绝关系…totheground把……夷为平

地Wewon'tsay"Yes"toanyone'sbreakingawayfromour

aneinvadersburntthehoustotheground.

Can'tyoubreakawayfromoldhabits?wn烧光The

own(指计划、打算)破灭;

(机器)坏了;(身体状况)变差ntolaughter.突然爆

发大笑ngtheamusing

scene,ationsbetweenthetwo

ntotears突然大哭The

lth

doing/withsth.

忙于做某事Sugarandstarcharebrokendowninthestomach.

Wearebusypreparingfor/nto破门而入

(aplace)拜访某地Hishouwasbrokenintolastweek.

Icalledatthetailor'ff从中间打

断ck回电话6

/takecold;haveacold感冒He

r到某地取

东西;接人;要求;呼吁AmancallveryMondayforold

out产生……结果I'llcallforyouat6

o'sitcomeabouthalfoftheclassareabnt?The

ross碰巧遇到;突然

想起crossthis

ughtcameacrossmymind

thatwe…请(医生)Pleacallinadoctoratonce.

ck回想起来Theirnamesareallcomingbacktome

拜访某人Myunclecalledonmeyesterdayonhis

wn(指雨)下得很大;(指气温)下降

reof照顾;负责

peraturecame

,

from来自Thearethedevicesthattakecareofthewastefrom

theMuchofthebutterinEnglandcomesfromNewZealand.

f脱落Thebuttonhascomeoffmycoat.55.

carefor担心、关心、想MyparentscareformysafetywhenI

加油Theeldersshouldcareforthe

!Let'sracetothebottomofthehill.

Wouldyoucareforagameoftabletennis?t出现;

(指花)开放;ff夺走(生命);

取得(奖励等)Theterriblewarcarriedoffherfather'

riedoffalltheschoolprizes.

Whenwillhisnewbookcomeout?n进行

(指数字)达到Thediscussioncarriedonafterashortbreak.

Thetotalnumberofpeoplewhoattendedtheconferencecameto

ut实施Theplanhastobecarriedoutassoonas

ue(指梦想)实现Ihopethatmydream

ire起火This

Hecameup

pwith赶上Ihavetostudyevenharder

thanbeforeinordertocatchupThequestionhasn'tcomeupyet.

ewith与……比较…for把……

换成Comparedwitheducationinwesterncountries,Chinahas

special

…into把……变成eto把……比作

HechangedintohisworkingclotheswhenhebegantoTeachersare

tto与……联

系It'

one'smind改变主意Ipersuadedhimtochangehismind.82.

connectwith与……联接Wheredoescookerconnectwiththe

gas-pipe?ut核对,检查Wouldyouhelpmetocheck

ideredas被认为是He

onsideredasthebest

way收拾,整理er

doingsth.考虑做……Pleahelpmetoclearawaytheteathings.

I'p(指天)晴朗;清理

redwith被……覆盖Theweather/skyisclearingup.

pthedesk

n砍倒7

Don'ohungrythatheate

砍掉;截断

effecton对……有影响Don'tcutyourfingersoff!Herchildhood

myhadcutoffour

结束(一般是不太好的结果)Ifyou

切碎I'llcut

leep入睡Hewassotiredthathefell

om起始于Thetempledatesfrom

hind落后Healwaysfalls

behindwhenwe'th处理;对付;相处;

涉及Howdoyoudealwiththedifficulties?wn摔倒

oftenfalldownwhentheyare

ket

isfullofeggs-don'ddeed做好事

l生病Duringhislifetime,LeiFenghaddonemanygood

on取决于;信任

lovewith与……相爱Whetherwegotoparkthisweekend

off从……摔下YoucanalwaysdependonJim,forheisanhonest

lynumberofpasngersbythislineshowsaslightIt

to

把(时间、精力等)专注于……MaryCuriodevotedallherlifeto

s,er摔入He

死于Hedies

pieces摔成碎片Thewindowwas

绝种Manyoldcustomsare

liarwith与……熟悉Hewas

erent

from与……不同Thepictureontherightisdifferentfromtheone

up把……分开usfor

因……出名tesisfamous

llwedividethework

up?kedoing想做……Idon'tfeellikeeatingtoomuch.

into把……分成(几部分)Thehouwasdividedinto

填写Pleafillintheapplicationforms

给某人帮忙Wouldyoudo

meafavor?in在……方面表现好

out找出事实真相Hedidwellinmathswhenhewasinhigh

g犯错

误,犯罪or对……合适Hewasntencedthreeyears

heverypersonwhoisfitforthe

f梦想给某人提供住宿;安排

Iamalwaysdreamingoftravelingaroundtheworld.I'llfixyouup

'etaryhasfixedupa

顺路拜访Somefriendsdroppedin

e'sliving挣钱维持

生计of喜欢……Sheearnedherlivingbywriting.I

wasveryfondofteaching,soIdecidedtoworkinahighschoolas

吃光8

Awellknownexpertissuppodtogiveatalktomorrow125.

tfree解放OneofthegreatcontributionsLincolnhadmadewas

vice提建议We

iendswith与……交朋友

Shewasverypopular,

back还回uldgive

backwhatyou'of充满……rth

to生育herpanda

nof开……的

玩笑让步,退让Nevermakefunofthedisabled

uallyhasto

ngwith与……相处Sheis

f放

出(某种气体、光、射线等)Thespecialmattergivesoff

y逃走Twooftheprisonersgotaway.149.

giveout消耗尽;分发Ourfoodsuppliesbegantogiveout.131.

getback回来Youcanarrangeyoutimeyourlfafterschoolas

to接近

放弃Inordertobeafamousactor,hetriedtogetclototho

Don'd

向前,前进Don'n下车

变质Food

nto集中精力做……I

经过

(表示火车)进站;收割Th

walk去散步Farmers

'sgoforawalkafterdinner.136.

getintouchwith与……取得联系(指枪)走火;(食

物)变坏;(演员)下场I'velostmyphonebook,soIcan'tgetin

lk

othehabitof形成某

种习惯Aftercominghere,I'vegotintothehabitofgettingup156.

goon继续'

muchlongerwillthehotweathergoon?ried结婚

ingsth.继续做

某事Nevergiveup!ff

twon'tgoonrainingallday.

thone'swork继

续某人的工作Let''llgoonwithourwork

of摆脱,除掉Weshouldgetridofbad

(灯)熄灭;参加社交活动Therewasa

ugh接通;通过

(考试);Irangyouveraltimesyesterdaybutcouldn'tget

llgoesoutagreatdeal,

ugh浏览;翻找;经

历(苦难)Gothroughalltheexercisbeforeyoustartthe

ether聚会Wegottogethertocelebratethe

NewYear'icewentthroughthepocketsof

alk作演讲9

t

帮……出困境'tknowhowtotranslatethepassage.

上升Thetemperatureisgoing

别挂电话--IsthatMaryspeaking?

goodat擅长于Sheisanexcellentstudentwhoisgoodatnearly--

Holdon,plea.I't伸出Hold

长大

举起

Heissuchaproudmen.,

down流传Wecannotalwaysobrvethetraditionshanded

p快点Hurryuporwe'llbelate.165.

handin上交RemembertohandinthepaperbeforeNextTuesday.

on坚持

hand手拉手Weshouldacthandinhandininternationalaffairs.

t分发

加入Pleahelpmetohandoutthereadingmaterials.

Whydon'tyoujoinintheconversation?…on有……活动

连接起来Ihavenothingontomorrowevening.I'm

ldjoinupandtakeactionstodefendourlves.169.

have…todowith与……有关ecord做记录Ithas

nothingtodowithyou,udoan

experiment,you'iftfor有……

方面的天赋ck扣Shehashadagiftformusicsince

epback$200amonthfrommysalary

tto不得不It'stoolateandI

t保持身体健康Nowadays

keepingfitisahottopicofpeople'穿着……The

emperorhadnothingon,forhebelievedthathehadconversations

mostbeautiful

touchwith保持联络

Althoughheisabroadnow,

one'shead动脑子Uyourheadandyou'llworkitoutbyyourlf.

out听说f让……远离

I'deabigfiretokeep

om有……的消息doing

sth.重复地做某事Ihaven''t

workingforawholeday

听说I'veneverheardofthat

e'sbalance保持平衡It'sveryimportantfor

angymnastictokeephis//

heart把……牢记Ifyouhavelearned/knownagreatdealofpoems

byheart,

e'spromi

遵守诺言loto…向某人问好noonewillbelieve

thowhodon'sayhellotoyour

振作精神;保持(习俗);维持

Keepupyourspirits!Keepyouchinup!elfto随意

meswe

hdoesitcostyoutokeep

h.帮助某人做某事I

den?10

t敲门查找Listen,Iheardsomebody

knockingatthedoor.I'lllookupthenewwordinthedictionary.

ntosb.撞倒/takealook看一眼WhenIfell

fromthetree,,whataprettydress.

Letmehave/utof把……敲出来

heart.丧失信心Grandfatherwassittingatthetable,knockingthe

one'slife丧命Intheearthquake,sometwothousandresidents

t嘲笑Don'tlaughatthowhoemtobe

table摆桌子e'svoice失声

teacher,sheoften

导致

Carelessnessledtotheterribletrafficaccidentanddeathof221.

loweight减轻体重anttoenjoy

yourlvesinLunarNewYearholiday,it'simpossibletolo

'slesson做功课Youhavetodoyourlesson

vewith与……相爱Romeo

sson上课Wedon'thaveany

from由……制成(看不出原材

料)让……进入Windows

of由……制成(看得出原材料)

smadeofcotton,wool,silkand

youin?in在哪制造You

把……放出;泄露(秘密)

triedtobecalm,upof

由……组成以……为

生…toone'sownmeasureHelivesonasmallwage.

ter照顾给某人量体裁衣。Idecidetostayhome

havebeen

ckupon回顾

Sometimeswhenwelookbackuponthepast,

decision做决定verbefore

wnupon(on)瞧不起

agoodeffort做出努力Ilookdownuponthoindependent

akeagoodefforttostudy,youwilldefinitely

r寻找I'vebeenlookingformykeyfor

lanfor为……制定计划It'sagood

rwardto

盼望、期待Wintervacationiscoming.I'mlookingforwardto

romi做出承诺If

you'vemakeapromi,to.朝里看;

调查ecord

制唱片very

excited,becauitwasthefirsttimethatshehadbeeninvitedto

t当心Hey!Lookout,

dsmeet让收支平衡

SinceMikelosthisjob,

(a)round环视;仔细分析情况Don'tmakeahurrieddecision;

look(a)n有意义11

I'msorrytosaythatwhatyousaiddoesn'tmakeanyn.

reof对……有把握e'splace代替

某人Beforemakingadecision,IwanttomakesureofwhetherMr.

Samuelissick,eard

ace发生Thestorytookplaceina

smallvillagein1950'虚构;弥补Thewholestory

eplaceof代替……Westillneed$5to

cshavetakentheplaceof

one'smind下定决心

partin起到……作用It'shardtomakeupone'smindtoquit

ersareplayinganimportantpartinnowadays'

eof利用Weshouldmake

epiano弹钢琴

match举行比赛Itissaidthatwearegoingtohaveamatchwith

eroleof扮

演……的角色Inthisplay,sheplayedtheroleofafairy,andshe

memedicine服药Sinceyoudon'tfeelwell,why

/holdameeting开会

ut指出It'surgenttohave/holdameetingaboutthis

messagefor给某人带消息t/to指向Kateisnotin.

ShallItakemessageforher?Theneedleofacompasspointstothe

'istake犯错误It's

nothingrioustomakeamistake,lar

withsb.与某人有人缘riendlyto

everyonearoundherandsheemstobequitepopularwithher

继续前进t…from阻止……发生、

行动

oi发

出噪声Don'yisstillasleep.

rtin参加活动dof以……骄

傲、自豪Therearethreehundredpeopletakingpartinthe

ationalconference.264.

pushover推搡…avisit拜访Severalchildrenwere

nth,thepresidentwillpaya

y收拾好rtoys

!k还债n记录Iworked

nany

…inprison将……投

放到监狱.sth.为……付款He'llhavetopayforthis

ittedacaandwasputinprison.250.

payoff把债还清穿上Aftertenyears'hardworkI

hejacket,fortheweatheroutside

ws-Theplay"Hamlet"willbeputoninthe

t辨别出;挑选Ilookedabouttopickoutmy

chintendedtopickoutsome

把某物放下thetraining

拾起来;

不太费力地学得一种外语erformances举行演出

stmasDay

variousperformanceswillbeputonforIt'asyforachildtopick

upaforeignlanguagewhencelebration.12

Don'eight增加体

重Ifyoukeeponeatingthesweetthingsyouwillsurelyput

of消耗完,用完了'refastrunning

灭火ed坐下Thefiremen

hurriedhereandputoutthebigfireinhalfanPleabeatedand

eat就坐Wouldyou

haveaatandlet'shaveatalk?张贴Anoticewas

putup,eat就坐

intotheroom,putoffhiscoat,

labout为……争吵

Althoughtheyquarrelaboutsomechores,theystillsupport290.

为某人送行eachotherandareconsideredtobea

ngtoemyfriendsoffattheairport,soI'llbe

/beready(for)为……作好准

备Areyoureadyforthepractice?t卖光All

to所指Whatdoesthispronounrefertointhisline?

for派人叫/请来is

tedto有关系293.

ndup发送(卫星)

ermeto…记得代

我向……问好t放射;发送;发出Plea

ndsoutlightandwarmth.

I'ck回电话I'llring

esndoutnewleavesinspring.280.

ringoff挂电话ntenceswith用……造句Don'tring

oumakentenceswiththephra"put

up"?打电话tefrom把……与……分离

I'llringyou(up)tethegoodapplesfromthe

…onfire给……放火er翻滚The

vestthehousofslave

omfor给……腾出空地

example成为一个榜样Thebuswaxtremelybusyandwe

couldn'tmakeanyLeiFengtagoodexampleforveral

eto给……放火

p集合

off出发'vetoffonajourneyroundthe

y逃避-----------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

三、高级词汇1.occur替换thinkofSuddenlyIhadanidea

thatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhou.→Anideaoccurredto

rredtome

thatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhou.2.devote替换spend

Hespendsallhissparetimeinreading.→Hedevotesallhis

sparetimetoreading.13

3.ek替换want/lookforTheysought(wanted)tohide

themlvesbehindthetrees.4.average替换ordinaryI’man

average(ordinary)student.5.but替换veryThefilmwesaw

lastnightwasveryinteresting.→Thefilmwesawlastnightwas

mwesawlastnightwasanything

butboring.6.at替换sitOnhiswaytoschool,hefoundanold

ladyated(sitting)bytheroad,lookingworried.7.suppo替换

shouldHeissuppodto(should)havedrivenmoreslowly.

8.appreciate替换thankThankyouverymuchforyouhelp.→

Weappreciateyourhelpverymuch./Yourhelpismuch

appreciated.9.theca替换trueIdon’tthinkitistheca

(true).10.on替换assoonasAssoonashearrived,hebegan

hisrearch.→Onhisarrival,hebeganhisrearch..11.dueto

替换becauofHearrivedlatedueto(becauof)thestorm.

12.cover替换walk/readAftercovering(walking)10miles,we

allfelttired.13.contributeto替换behelpful/ufulPlentyof

memoryworkisundoubtedlyhelpfultoEnglishstudy.→Plenty

ofmemoryworkwillundoubtedlycontributetoEnglishstudy.

14.roundthecorner替换comingsoon/nearby①The

summervacationisroundthecorner(coming).Doyouhaveany

plans?②LiMingstudiesinaschoolroundthecorner(nearby).

15.cometolight替换discoverThefamilyweresopleadwhen

theydiscoveredthelostjewels.→Thefamilyweresoplead

whenthelostjewelscametolight.16.haveaball替换havea

goodtime/enjoyonelfAftervisitingtheworkshop,wewent

neofushadaball(hadagoodtime).

17.comeupwith替换n

comesupwith(thinksof)newideas.18.taside替换save

Somestudentsthinkthattheyshouldtasidesomeoftheirpocket

moneyforbooks.(2004天津卷)19.beof+n.替换

productsareofhighquality(verygood)andaresoldeverywherein

China.20.referto替换talkabout/of,mentionTheprofessor

youreferredto(talkedabout)isveryfamous.21.cannotbut/

cannothelpbut替换havetodoIcouldnotbut(hadto)gohome.

22.moreoftenthannot替换usually14

Moreoftenthannot(Usually),themeaningofmanywordscan

beeasilyguesd.23.lest替换sothat/inorderthatIwrote

downhistelephonenumbersothatIwouldnotforgetit.→I

wrotedownhistelephonenumberlestI(should)forgetit.24.be

longforsth./belongtodosth.替换wanttodosth./wishforI

wanttoeyouverymuch.→Iamlongtoeyou.25.be

caughtupin/becrazyabout/beabsorbedin/beaddictedto替换be

interestedinHeiscaughtupin(veryinterestedin)collecting

stamps.26.morethan替换very①I’mverygladtolearnthat

youarecominginSeptember.→I’mmorethangladtolearn

thatyouarecominginSeptember.(NMET2003)②Ifthereis

anythingIcandoforyou,Iwouldbemorethangladtohelp.(2004

全国卷)27.perfect(ly)替换good/verywellHespeaksperfect

(good)English./HespeaksEnglishperfectly(verywell).28.dosb

a/thefavor替换helpWouldyoupleadomethefavor(help

me)toturndowntheradio?29.theotherday替换afewdays

agoTheotherdaymybrotherandIwenttothecinemaby

bicycle.(NMET1997)30.inthecourof替换duringInthe

courof(During)themountain-climbing,pleahelpeachother

andpayspecialattentiontoyoursafety.31.themajorityof替换

mostThemajorityof(Mostof)theintervieweespreferwatching

TVathometogoingtothecinema.32.consistof替换bemade

upofOurclassconsistsof(ismadeupof)50students.33.be

wornout替换betired/broken①Afterfivehours’non-stop

work,wewereallwornout(tired).②Myshoesarewornout

(broken).Pleabuymeanewpair.34.becomeof替换happen

Whatdothinkhasbecomeof(happenedto)him?35.attendto

替换lookafter36.onconditionthat替换aslongas

37.nevertheless替换however38.expressone’ssatisfaction

with替换besatisfiedwith39.sparenoeffortstodo替换try

one’sbesttodo40.manya替换many41.berushedoffone’s

feet替换bebusyindoing42.ahandfulof替换alittle/some

43.meanwhile替换atthesametime44.gettoone’sfeet替换

standup45.beneath替换under46.occasionally替换

sometimes/onceinwhile47.forinstance替换forexample

48.ldom替换notoften49.wealthy替换rich50.amazing替

换surprising15

51.asamatteroffact替换infact四、词组固定搭配1.接

不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词affordtodo

sth.负担得起做某事helptodosth.帮助做某事agreetodosth.

同意做某事hopetodosth.希望做某事arrangetodosth.安排做

某事learntodosth.学习做某事asktodosth.要求做某事

managetodosth.设法做某事begtodosth.请求做某事offerto

dosth.主动提出做某事caretodosth.想要做某事plantodosth.

计划做某事chootodosth.决定做某事preparetodosth.准备

做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事pretendtodosth.假装做某

事demandtodosth.要求做某事promitodosth.答应做某事

determinetodosth.决心做某事refutodosth.拒绝做某事

expecttodosth.期待做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事fearto

dosth.害怕做某事wishtodosth.希望做某事注:有些不及物

动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:aimtodosth.打算做

某事happentodosth.碰巧做某事failtodosth.未能做某事

hesitatetodosth.犹豫做某事longtodosth.渴望做某事struggle

todosth.努力做某事2.接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词

h.建议某人做某事h.留下某人

做某事h.允许某人做某事h.喜欢

某人做某事h.请(叫)某人做某事

sth.打算要某人做某事h.忍受某人做某事need

h.需要某人做某事h.请求某人做某事

h.迫使某人做某事h.导致某人

做某事h.命令某人做某事

sth.命令某人做某事h.允许某人做某事drive

h.驱使某人做某事h.说服某人做

某事h.选举某人做某事h.宁愿

某人做某事h.鼓励某人做某事requestsb.

todosth.要求某人做某事h.期望某人做某事

h.提醒某人做某事h.禁止某

人做某事h.教某人做某事h.强

迫某人做某事h.告诉某人做某事h.

使(要)某人做某事h.训练某人做某事hatesb.

todosth.讨厌某人做某事h.麻烦某人做某事

h.帮助某人做某事h.想要某人做

某事h.打算要某人做某事h.

警告某人做某h.邀请某人做某事

dosth.希望某人做某事汉语的“原谅某人做某事”,英语可说成

excu[forgive]ngsth.。汉语的“希望某人做某事”,英

语可说成h.。16

汉语的“建议某人做某事”,英语可说成h.。

汉语的“安排某人做某事”,英语可说成h.。

汉语的“要求某人做某事”,英语可说成h.。

汉语的“感谢某人做某事”,英语可说成ngsth.。

汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”,英语可说成

doingsth.。汉语的“阻止某人做某事”,英语可说成preventsb.

fromdoingsth.。3.接动名词(不接不定式)作宾语的34个

常用动词admitdoingsth.承认做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做

某事advidoingsth.建议做某事imaginedoingsth.想象做某

事allowdoingsth.允许做某事keepdoingsth.保持做某事

appreciatedoingsth.感激做某事mentiondoingsth.提及做某事

avoiddoingsth.避免做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事

considerdoingsth.考虑做某事missdoingsth.错过做某事delay

doingsth.推迟做某事pardondoingsth.原谅做某事denydoing

sth.否认做某事permitdoingsth.允许做某事discussdoingsth.

讨论做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事dislikedoingsth.不

喜欢做某事preventdoingsth.阻止做某事enjoydoingsth.喜爱

做某事prohibitdoingsth.禁止做某事escapedoingsth.逃脱做

某事putoffdoingsth.推迟做某事excudoingsth.原谅做某事

reportdoingsth.报告做某事fancydoingsth.设想做某事risk

doingsth.冒险做某事finishdoingsth.完成做某事stopdoing

sth.停止做某事forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事suggestdoingsth.

建议做某事forgivedoingsth.原谅做某事understanddoingsth.

理解做某事4.接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词bringsb.

doingsth.引起某人做某事th.看着某人做某事

th.碰上(撞上)某人做某事th.

注意到某人做某事th.发现某人做某事

th.观察某人做某事th.感觉某

人做某事th.阻止某人做某事

sth.碰上(撞上)某人做某事th.看见某人做某事

th.使某人做某事th.使某人(突然)

做某事th.使某人做某事th.使

(引起)某人做某事th.听见某人做某事start

th.使某人开始做某事th.使某人不停

地做某事th.阻止某人做某事

sth.听某人做某事th.观5.接动词原形作宾补

的11个常用动词.感觉某人做某事

sth.注意某人做某事.使某人做某事obrvesb.

dosth.观察某人做某事.听见某人做某事esb.

dosth.看见某人做某事.让某人做某事

sth.观察某人做某事.听着某人做某事lookat

.看着某人做某事.使某人做某事17

6.接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词can’t

beartodosth/can’tbeardoingsth.不能忍受做某liketodosth/

likedoingsth.喜欢做某事lovetodosth/lovedoingsth.喜欢做

某事事hatetodosth/hatedoingsth.憎恨做某事bothertodo

sth/botherdoingsth.麻烦做某事prefertodosth/preferdoing

sth.宁可做某事intendtodosth/intenddoingsth.想要做某事

begintodosth/begindoingsth.开始做某事attempttodosth/

attemptdoingsth.试图做某事starttodosth/startdoingsth.开

始做某事ceatodosth/ceadoingsth.停止做某事continue

todosth/continuedoingsth.继续做某事7.接不定式或动名

词作宾语意思不同的7个动词(1)remembertodosth.记住要做

某事rememberdoingsth.记住曾做过某事(2)forgettodo

sth.忘记要做某事forgetdoingsth.忘记曾做过某事

(3)regrettodosth.后悔(遗憾)要做某事regretdoingsth.

后悔(遗憾)曾做过某事(4)trytodosth.设法要做某事

trydoingsth.做某事试试看有何效果(5)meantodosth.打算做

某事meandoingsth.意味着做某事(6)can’thelp

todosth.不能帮助做某事can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住做

某事(7)goontodosth.做完某事后接着做另一事goon

doingsth.继续做一直在做的事注:stoptodosth.与stopdoing

sth.也不同,前者指停下来去做某事,后者指停止正在做的事,

但stoptodosth.中的不定式不是宾语,是目的状语。8.可接

双宾语的38个常用动词(1)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常

用动词.=.颁奖给某人write

.=.给某人写信.=

sb.把某物带给某人(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动

词.=.把某物递给某人.=

.为某人预定某物.=.

把某物借给某人.=.为某人买某物mail

.=.把某物寄给某人.=choo

.为某人选某物.=.将某物

给某人.=.为某人煮某物.

=.欠某人某物.=.为某

人画某物.=.把某物递给某人fetchsb.

sth.=.为某人去取某物.=

sb.付给某人某物(钱).=.为某人找

到某物.=.把某物寄给某人.

=.为某人准备某物.=.把

某物读给某人听.=.为某人拿来某物

.=.把某物还给某人.=

.为某人做某物.=.把

某物送给某人.=.为某人订购某物

.=.把某物卖给某人.=pick

.为某人采摘某物.=.拿某

物招待某人.=.为某人准备某

物.=.拿某物给某人看.=

.为某人留某物.=.把某

物拿给某人.=.为某人唱某物(歌)

.=.教某人某物.=spare

.为某人让出某物.=.告诉某人

某情况.=.为某人偷某物throwsb.

sth.=.把某物扔给某人注:有的动词后接的

双宾语易位时,既可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for

引出间接宾语,含义相同,如bring,play等:Bringme

today’spaper.=Bringtoday’spaperto[for]me.把今天的报纸拿

给我。18

Heplayedustherecordhehadjustbought.=Heplayedthe

recordhehadjustboughtfor[to]us.他放了他刚买的唱片给我们

听。有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,即可用介词to引出间接

宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义不同,如leave等:

Theyleftmenofood.=Theyleftnofoodforme.他们没给我留一

点食物。Myuncleleftmealargefortune.=Myuncleleftalarge

fortunetome.我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。而有的动词后

接双宾语时,既不能用介词to引出间接宾语,也不能用介词

for引出间接宾语,如allow,ask,cau,charge,cost,forgive,

refu等:Heallowshissontoomuchmoney.他给他儿子的钱

太多。Heaskedmesomequestions.他问了我一些问题。This

caudmemuchtrouble.着给我带来了许多麻烦。Hecharged

mefivedollarsforacupoftea.他一杯茶向我要了5美元。His

mistakecosthimhisjob.他的错误让他丢了工作。Ienvyyou

yourgoodluck.我羡慕你的好运。Theyforgavehimhisrudeness.

他们原谅了他的鲁莽。Herefudhernothing.她要什么就给什

么。9.可用于“动词+sb+ofsth”的8个常见动词

sth.控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事.骗

取某人某物.治好某人的病,改掉某人的坏习惯

.通知某人某情况(事).使某

人想起某情况(事).使某人摆脱某物

sth.抢劫某人的某东西.警告某人有某情况10.

可用于“动词+sb+fordoingsth”的8个常见动词

doingsth.指责某人做某事ngsth.批评某人做

某事ngsth.原谅某人做某事

doingsth.原谅某人做某事ngsth.原谅某人做

某事ngsth.惩罚某人做某事ng

sth.指责(责备)某人做某事ngsth.感谢某人

做某事11.可用于“动词+sb+intodoingsth”的9个常见动词

ingsth.欺骗某人做某事ingsth.

欺骗某人做某事ingsth.欺骗某人做某事force

ingsth.迫使某人做某事ingsth.说服

某人做某事ingsth.说服某人做某事terrifysb.

intodoingsth.威胁某人做某事ingsth.吓唬某

人做某事ingsth.说服某人做某事12.容易

误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词19

误:dealaproblem正:dealwithaproblem处

理问题误:dependsb.正:dependonsb.依

靠(依赖)某人误:insistdoingsth.正:insiston

doingsth.坚持要做某事误:knockthedoor正:

knockon[at]thedoor敲门误:operatesb.正:

operateonsb.为某人做手术误:participatesth.正:

participateinsth.参加某事误:refersth.正:

refertosth.查阅(参考)某物误:relysb./sth.正:

relyonsb./sth.依靠(依赖)某人(某物误:replyaletter

正:replytoaletter回信注:在某些其他用法中,以上有的动

词也可能及物,如insist,reply等动词后可接宾语从句,operate

表示“操作”、“管理”等时则及物。13.容易误用作不及物动词

的8个及物动词误:rveforsb.正:rvesb.为某人

服务误:marrywithsb.正:marrysb.与某人结婚误:

discussaboutsth.正:discusssth.讨论某事误:mention

aboutsth.正:mentionsth.提到某事误:enterintoaroom

正:enteraroom进入房间误:contactwithsb.正:

contactsb.与某人联系误:equaltosth.正:equalsth.

等于某物误:ringtosb.正:ringsb.给某人打电话注:

有个别词在用于其他意义时,可以是不及物的,如enterinto

可以表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活动,或用于较抽象的概

念。如:Thecountryenteredintoastateofwar.这个国家进入

战争状态。Icanenterintoyourfeelingsatthelossofyourfather.

我理解你失去父亲后的心情。Thetwooldmenenteredintoa

longconversation.两位老人开始长谈起来。14.17个常用“be+

形容词+about”结构beangryabout为……生气be

anxiousabout为……担忧becarefulabout当心……

becertainabout确信……becuriousabout对……好奇

bedisappointedabout对……失望beexcitedabout对……感到兴

奋begladabout对……感到高兴behappyabout为……

感到高兴behopefulabout对……抱有希望bemad

about对……入迷benervousabout为……感到不安

beparticularabout对……讲究besadabout为……而难

过beriousabout对……认真besureabout对……有

把握beworriedabout为……担忧15.10个常用“be+形容词+at”

结构beangryat为……生气bebadat不善于……

becleverat擅长于……bedisappointedat对……失

望beexpertat在……方面是内行begoodat善于……

bemadat对……发怒bequickat在……方面敏捷

beskilfulat在……方面熟练beslowat在……方面迟

钝16.18个常用“be+形容词+for”结构beanxiousfor渴望

bebadfor对……有害,对……不利20

beboundfor前往becelebratedfor以……出名

beconvenientfor对……方便,在……附近beeagerfor渴望be

famousfor因……闻名befitfor合适,适合begood

for对……有益(方便)begratefulfor感谢behungryfor

渴望得到belatefor迟到benecessaryfor对……有必

要bereadyfor为……准备好besorryfor因……抱歉

besuitablefor对……合适(适宜)bethankfulfor因……而感激

bewell-knownfor以……出名17.6个常用“be+形容词+from”结

构beabntfrom缺席,不在bedifferentfrom与……

不同befarfrom离……远,远远不befreefrom没有,免

受besafefrom没有……的危险betiredfrom因……而疲

劳18.13个常用“be+形容词+in”结构beconcernedin与……有

关bedisappointedin对(某人)感到失望beengaged

in从事于,忙于beexperiencedin在……方面有经验be

expertin在……方面是行家befortunatein在……方面幸运

behonestin在……方面诚实beinterestedin对……感兴趣

belackin缺乏富于,在……方面富有berichin

beskilfulin擅长于在……方面成功besuccessfulin

beweakin在……方面不行19.18个常用“be+形容词+of”结构

beafraidof害怕beashamedof为……感到羞愧

beawareof意识到,知道becapableof能够,可以

becarefulof小心,留心becertainof确信,对……

有把握befondof喜欢befreeof没有,摆脱

befullof充满begladof为……而高兴be

nervousof害怕为……自豪beproudofbeshort

of缺乏beshyof不好意思besickof对……厌

倦besureof肯定,有把握betiredof对……厌烦

beworthyof只得,配得上20.20个常用“be+形容词+to”结构

beaccustomedto习惯于beblindto对……视而不见

becloto靠近,接近becruelto对……残酷,对……

无情bedevotedto献身,专心于beequalto等于,

能胜任befamiliarto为(某人)所熟悉beharmfulto

对……有危害beimportantto对……重要p;beopento

对……开放,易受到beoppodto反对,不赞成be

oppositeto在……对面,和……相反bepoliteto对……有礼貌

berelatedto与……有关(是亲戚)berespectfulto尊敬

berudeto对……无礼besimilarto与……相似betrue

to忠实于,信守beudto习惯于beuful

to对……有用21

21.16个常用“be+形容词+with”结构beangrywith对(某人)

生气beboredwith对……厌烦bebusywith忙于

becarefulwith小心beconcernedwith关于,与……有关

becontentwith以……为满足bedelightedwith对……感到高兴

bedisappointedwith对(某人)失望befamiliarwith熟悉,精

通behonestwith对(某人)真诚beillwith患……病

bepatientwith对(某人)有耐心bepleadwith对……满意

(高兴)bepopularwith受……欢迎besatisfiedwith

对……满意bestrictwith对(某人)严格22.24个常

用“in+其他词+of”结构inadvanceof在……前面in

aidof帮助inbehalfof为了,为了……的利益incaof如

果,万一,以防incelebrationof庆祝inchargeof

负责,管理incommemorationof纪念,庆祝indefence

of保卫inexplanationof解释infaceof面对in

favourof赞成,主张infrontof在……前面inhonor

of纪念,祝贺,欢迎inmemoryof纪念inneedof需要

inplaceof代替inposssionof拥有inpraiof称

赞inrespectof关于,就……而言inarchof寻找,搜

找insightof看得见,在看见……的地方inspiteof虽然,尽

管insupportof为了支持(拥护)……inviewof鉴于,考

虑到注:同时注意一下相似结构:inexchangefor作为对……

的交换inpreparationfor为……作准备inreturnfor作

为……的报答inrewardfor作为……的报酬inaddition

to加之,除……之外inanswerto回答,响应incontrast

to[with]与……形成对比inoppositionto与……相反,反对

inreplyto作为对……的回答(答复)inresponto回答,

响应in[with]referenceto关于in[with]regardto关于

23.27个带todoingsth.的常用结构(1)giveone’slifetodoing

sth.献身于做某事1).动词+介词to+动名词(2)giveone’s

mindtodoingsth.专心做某事(1)admittodoingsth.承认做了

某事(2)applytodoingsth.适用于做某事(3)haveadisliketo

doingsth.厌恶做某事(3)objecttodoingsth.反对做某事(4)

haveaneyetodoingsth.注意做某事(4)etodoingsth.负责做

某事(5)haveanobjectiontodoingsth.反对(反感)做某事(5)

sticktodoingsth.坚持做某事(6)payattentiontodoingsth.注意

做某事(7)tone’smindtodoingsth.决心做某事(6)taketo

doingsth.喜欢上做某事,逐渐习惯做某事2).动词+宾语+介词

to+动名词4).be+形容词+介词to+动名词(1)applyonelfto

doingsth.专心致力于做某事(1)beequaltodoingsth.等于做某

事,能胜任做某事(2)gsth.把……献给做某事

(2)beudtodoingsth.习惯于做某事(3)devoteonelfto

doingsth.献身于做某事(3)beoppodtodoingsth.反对做某事

(4)gsth.把……限制在做某事的范围内(4)be

reducedtodoingsth.使某人沦为做某事(5)g

sth.使某人沦为做某事(5)bedevotedtodoingsth.把时间(钱,

精力等)献给3).动词+名词+介词to+动名词做某事22

(6)belimitedtodoingsth.把…限制在做某事的范围内(2)look

forwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事5).其他结构+介词to+动名词

(3)Whatdoyousaytodoingsth?你认为做某事如何?(1)get

downtodoingsth.开始做某事,认真处理某事五、高级句型

结构◆It句型①Itwillbe+sometime+before…Itwon’t

belongbeforehumansvisittheMars.②Itis+adj./n.+forsbto

ryimportantforustolearncomputerwell,becau

sinceitwasanewmodelin

China,itwasimpossibletofixitwithouttherightspareparts.

(2008年湖北卷)③Itis+被强调部分+that…1)Itiswhat

YangLiweihasdonethatencouragesusalot.2)Thowholike

readingextensivelysayitisthroughreadingthatwegetour

knowledge.◆more…thananyother表示最高级Amongthe

optionalcours,spokenEnglishandcomputerstudyaremore

popularthananyoneel.◆名词从句①Itwouldmeanagreat

dealtometolistentothetapeandlearnwhatiscoveredinthetalk.

(2004全国卷Ⅲ)②Myhometownisnolongerwhatitudto

be.◆(非限制性)定语从句①Theflatisinabuildingon

tfarfromJianxinChineSchool.→The

flatisinabuildingonFangcaoStreet,whichisnotfarfromJianxin

ChineSchool.(NMET2003)②Itwasquiteanexperiencefor

usboth,whichI’llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.(2002北京卷)

◆分词结构①Idon’tknowaboutothers,butIudtohaveto

workevenatweekendsdoingendlesshomeworkandattending

classaswell.(NMET2001)②We’llmostlystayathomeinthe

eveningwatchingTV,playinggames,andmeetingpeople.(2004全

国卷Ⅱ)③Hearingthis,afewpeoplebegantorunafterhim.

(2004辽宁卷)④BorninAmerican,ThomasEdisonwasagreat

scientistandinventor.(2008年湖南卷)◆with结构①A

terribleaccidenthappenedyesterday,withninepeoplekilledand

almosteightyinjured.②Hewascarryingabedrollandalarge

bagonhisshoulder,withalargesuitcainhislefthand.◆倒装

句①Thelibraryistotheeastoftheteachingbuilding.→East

oftheteachingbuildingisthelibrary.②Althoughwearetired,we

arehappy.→Tiredasweare,wearehappy.③Onlyinthis

waycanhegrowtobeaufulman.(2002上海卷)④Mayallyour

dreamscometrue!Mayourfriendshiplasttilltheendofthe

univer.!(2007年湖南卷)◆被动语态①Opinionsare

dividedonthequestion.(NMET2002)②Allclassaretaughtby

teacherswithrichexperienceinteachingforeignstudents.(2004全

国卷Ⅳ)③Newfactories,housandroadshavebeen

built.(2004江苏卷)◆巧妙的改写(1).Only改成noonebut

23

OnlyTompasdtheexamlastweek.→NoonebutTompasd

theexam.(2).assoonas…改成No

sooner…than…/Hardly…when…/Immediately…/ThemomentNo

soonerhadwearrivedatthecinemathanthefilmstarted.

(3).havesb/sthdo/doneThegirlwasknockedoffher

bicycleandhadherlegbroken(herlegwasbroken.).(4).变换插

入语的位置①However,theysuggestfeesshouldbecharged

low.→Theysuggest,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.

(NMET2002)②Ithinkthisisagoodchanceforyoutoshow

yoursingingtalent,andhowwellyou’velearnedChine.→

Thisisagoodchanceforyou,Ithink,toshowyoursingingtalent,

andhowwellyou’velearnedChine.(2004全国卷Ⅰ)(5).用同

位语代替非限制性定语从句Meimei,whoisvenyearsold,

hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforveraldays.→Meimei,a

girlofthirteen,hasbeenlearningtorideabicycleforveraldays.

(2002上海卷)Shakespeare,asonfromapoorfamily,amanoflittle

education,wroteplaysandpoemsthatarereadallovertheworld.

(2008年湖南卷)◆其它(1)注重句子的开头

①用with复合结构开头Withthesunttinginthewest,

shelp,

we'velearnedhowtoanalyzeandttleproblems.(2006年湖南

卷)Withthefunctionsofinrting,deleting,movingand

copying,itenablesustoedittest,browwebpageanddownload

whatwewant.(2009年江苏卷)②用非谓语动词形式

开头ⅰ)InordertoimproveourEnglish,ourschoolheld

anEnglishcontest.ⅱ)Walkingtowardsthecinema,he

metaforeigner.(2)长短句交错使用(注意:应突出主题

句;长句子并非越长越好)◆◆相关过渡语1).表示时间顺序:

first,then,afterwards,meanwhile,later,firstofall,finally,atlast…

2).表示空间顺序:near,nextto,farfrom,infrontof,ontheleft,on

oneside…3).表示比较、对照:like,unlike,suchas,but,however,

ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,nevertheless,otherwi…4).

表示因果关系:becau,for,asaresult,therefore,thus…5).表示

递进关系:besides,what’smore,whatwaswor,moreover,

furthermore,inaddition,ontopof…6).表示并列关系:and,as

wellas,also…7).表示总结性:ingeneral,inaword,inshort,on

thewhole,tosumup,inbrief,toconclude…六、过去完成时概

念过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完

成了的动作,即所谓“过去的过去”。过去完成时的基本用法1、

表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过

去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,

也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表

示。例如:Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200pictures

fromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200张飞船

发来的图片。2、表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过

去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。

24

例如:Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabus

finallycame.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。He

saidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从1949年

以来他就在那家工厂工作。3、叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙

述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,

常使用过去完成时。例如:

beenagoodfriendofmine.史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是

我的好友。Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnot

studiedmylesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功

课。4、在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去

的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如:Ireturnedthe

bookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书。Shefound

thekeythatshehadlost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。5、过去完成

时常常用在宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发

生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如:Hesaidthathe

hadknownherwell.他说他很熟悉她。IthoughtIhadnt

theletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

6、在包含有when,until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词

和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发

生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。例如:WhenIwokeup,it

hadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时雨已停了。Shedidn’t

gotobeduntilshehadfinishedhework.她直到把工作做完之后

才睡觉。注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去

完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从

句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可

以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如:Afterhearrivedin

England,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到达英

格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。7、动词think,want,hope,

mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,

希望,打算或意图等。例如:Theyhadwantedtohelpbut

couldnotgetthereintime.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时

赶到那里。Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandeyou.我

们本来希望能来看看你。8、过去完成时还可用在

hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(cond,etc)

time(that)…等固定句型中。例如:Hardlyhadhebeganto

speakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲,听众

就打断了他。Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentaway

again.25

他刚到就又走了。Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeen

outofworkthatyear.这是他那一年第三次失业了。过去完成

时与一般过去时的比较1.当一个由before,after,assoonas等

连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作紧接着发生时,两

个动作均可用一般过去时来表示。Wehadbreakfastafterwe

didmorningexercis.做完早操后,我们吃早饭。Thetrain

startedtomovejustbeforehereachedtheplatform.他到月台

时火车刚开走。Theystartedploughingassoonastheygotto

thefields.他们一到地里就开始耕地。2.按时间顺序叙述两

个或两个以上接连发生的动作时,用一般过去时。Heentered

theroom,turnedonthelightandsatdownatthetable.他走进

屋子,打开灯,坐在桌子旁。3.在表示某人过去未曾完成的

“心愿”、“打算”、“计划”、“想法”、“许诺等时,hope,mean,

plan,think,intend等谓语动词常用过去完成时。Ihadhoped

tobebacklastnight,butIdidn’tcatchthetrain.我本来希望昨

晚回来的,但没搭上火车。Wehadthoughttoreturnearlybut

theywouldn’tletusgo.我们本想早回来的,但他们不让我们

走。4.在表示过去的句子中出现常与完成时态连用的词,如:

already,yet,since,for,ever,never及次数名词等时,常用

过去完成时来表示。Whenwegottherethebasketballmatch

hadalreadystarted.我们到那里时,篮球赛已经开始了。

Theoldmansaidthathewantedtogowherehehadneverbeen.

老人说他想到他从未去过的地方去。5.如果句中出现了表示

具体的过去时间的状语,句子的内容为过去的实际情况或句子

的内容为历史事实时,句中的动词时态常用一般过去时。如:

TheteachersaidthatitwasColumbuswhofirstdiscoveredthe

Americancontinent.老师说是哥伦布最早发现了美洲大陆。

6.表述说话人始料未及的事情时,句子的谓语动词常用一般过

去时。由于受汉语表述习惯的影响,常会用错时态。Jack,

youarealsohere!Ididn’teyou.杰克,你也在这啊!我没有

看见你。七、阅读理解解题指导一、解题方法1.先看选项有

意识有目的地在细节处和关键处圈画2.锁定最醒目的字眼

(timeagenumberplace…)3.搜寻信息词,如:(1)5W:Who

whatwhenwherewhy(how)(2)时间先后:Firstthenafter

thatnextfinally(3)因果:Becau/thus/leadto/iscaudby

/asaresultof/Likeness/alike/commonjustas/either…or26

(4)比较:Similarly,differently,likeness,unlike,

But/while/however/instead/onthecontrary二、解题步骤:1.略

读—快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表

结构)。2.细读—带着问题,找到文章对应点,确认题型,分

析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。3.复读—复读文章,反复

揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容,其拼写是否正确。解题时要

注意什么?①.字数的限制1.审文章提示②.是否可以用原文中

的单词。①.整个文章结构(大小标题)2.审结构表达短语类对

应②.内容表达句子类①.字母大小写②.名词的数和格3.审

语法运用③.动词的形式④.形容词副词的比较级最高级,⑤.

连词,介词,⑥.时态语态,主谓一致,第三人称等必须熟背

的常用归纳概括词汇:表原因:reasons(for),caus(of)表概括、

总结:summary,conclusion表目的:purpo,aim,goal表特点:

feature,characteristic,character表种类:kind,type,category,style,

forms表评论、评价:comment,remark,asssment表方式、方

法:means,way,method,solution,approach表问题:

problem,question,issue表建议:advice,suggestion,tip表要求、需

求:demand,need,requirement,qualification表态度、观点:

attitude,idea,opinion表情绪、感觉:feeling,emotion,motivation

表用途、功能:u,usage,function表步骤:

step,producedure,process表描述:

description,appearance,look,color,size,length,width,distance,height,

shape,names,age,x,time,cost,event表关系:relation,relationship

表来源、历史:history,source,orign表异同:difference,similarity

表影响、结果:effect,influence,result,conquence表反应:

respon,reaction表措施、行动:

measure,action,activity,behavior表定义:definition表利弊:

benefit,advantage,disadvantage,convenience表质量、数量:

quality,amount,quantity,number27

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