完成时态

现在完成时态

1.用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果

例：YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.

②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续

例：Ihavelivedheresince1990.

2.现在完成时的构成havehas+过去分词

3.现在完成时的四个基本句型

肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?

否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.两回答Yes,,he

hasn’t.

特殊疑问句Whathashedone?

4.在下列情形下用现在完成时

1九词语

①already已经肯定句中或句尾例:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypen

already.

②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾例：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.

Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?

③ever曾经句中例：Haveyoueverenpandas?

④never从不句中例：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.

⑤just刚刚句中例：Ihavejustdonemywork.

⑥before以前句尾例：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.

⑦sofar到目前为止例：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.

⑧howlong多久例：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?

⑨howmanytimes多少次例：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?

2两词组

havegoneto去了某地例：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京)

havebeento去过某地例：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京)

3两结构

fortwomonthsfor+一段时间

Jimhaslivedherefor2months.

sincelastyearsince+过去点时间

LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3years

ago.

since3yearsago

since1990

sincehecame

here

since+过去时态句

子

HehasbeeninChinasincehecame

here.

4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。

例：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？

5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型

Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。

ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

5.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用

例：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（错）

因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有五种：

①Hehasboughtthebook..(去掉一段时间for3years)

②Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)

③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspasdsinceheboughtthebook.

（改为固定句型Itis---since---）（自从买了这本书以

后已经过了3年了）

④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.（改为否定句）

⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.（用延续性动词have代替buy）

6.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，

第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：

①come/arrive/getto/reach→behere（和时间段一起用）

例：Ihavecomeherefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavebeenherefor3years.

②leave/go→beaway

例：Hehasleftfor3hours.（错）改为：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.

③begin/start→beon

例：Thefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（错）改为：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3

minutes.

④open→beopenclo→beclod

例：Theshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.

⑤die→bedead

例：Hisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)改为：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.

⑥finish/end→beover

例：Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)改为：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days

⑦join例：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（错）

改为：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.

⑧buy/catch→have

例：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.（错）改为：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.

例：Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（错）改为：Hehashadacoldfor3days.

⑨borrow→keep

例：Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（错）改为：Ihavekeptthebookfor3

years.

还有其它的归纳如下：

break→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarried

become→belo→belost

7.延续性动词和终止性动词

①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：

learnworkstandlieknowwalkkeephavewaitwatchsingreadsleeplive

②终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发

生后立即结束，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leavestartt

outarrivereachgettobeginstopshutturnoffmarryputputongetupwakefalljoinmeet

receivefinishendcompletebecomecomegodieopenclobreakgivejumpbuyborrow

8.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。

Hehasdiedforthreedays.（错，终止性动词die不能和一段时间forthreedays连用）

用所给动词的适当形式填空

’_______________(rain)foralongtime.

2.____________________________(live)heresince8yearsold?

here,he_______________(teach)inthisschool.

’sthethirdtimethatI_______________(e)himthismonth.

motherathome?------No,she_______________(go)towork.

her_______________(become)_______________(work)inthe

hospitalsince26yearsold.

_______________(teach)Englishheresincewe_______________(e)him5yearsago.

ytimes_______________you_______________(be)toBeijing?

------Onlyonce.I_______________(go)theretwoyearsago.

9.I’velostmycat._______________youever_______________(e)itanywhere?

_______________(leave)forShanghai.

re,in_______________(notarrive)yet.

smydictionary?------LiPing_______________(take)itaway.

13.I_______________(lo)mypen,andI_______________(look)foritnow.

14.I_______________(note)suchastrangethingbefore.

_______________(be)apartymemberfor10years.

g______________UncleWang______________(work)inthisfactory?------Since

1995.

hechildren_______________(learn)1,000Englishwords.

18._______________you_______________(mend)yourbike?------ditamoment

ago.

19.I’lltellhimthenewsthatourclass_______________(win)already.

_______________(stay)hereforover5years.

_______________(eat)allthecakes?

_______________he_______________(find)it?

ter_______________(go)_______________(leave)thismorning.

ndWangHaioften_______________(swim)intheriver.

cher_______________(reach)Beijingtwodaysago.

每处划线中有错误，在题后改正

boughtthebookforjust3days.

anghasdiedfor3years.

onetoBeijingthreetimes.

’therethismorning.

livedtheresince8years.

eenateacherfor1990?

heresince3monthsago.

ufinishedtheworkyet?------Yes,Idid.

’sbrothershasmademanykindsofkites.

akedthebooksaway.

按要求句型转换

Katehasalreadyfinishedthehomework.

否定句：______________________一般疑问句：__________________

两回答：______________________特殊疑问句：__________________