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英语语法---名词

（一）可数名词和不可数名词

1．什么是不可数名词？

1）物质名词glass,tea2）抽象名词beauty,youth3)科学名称physics,maths

练习：找出不可数名词

boottearknowledgemoneywoodchickenmusic

homeworkbreadblooddressnewsmilkdustman

2．不可数名词变成可数名词

1）词义发生改变

time—timeswork---workswood—woods

sand—sandscloth—clothesglass—glass

2)加量词aglassofwater,twopiecesofpaper

练习；填入恰当的量词

a________________ofgoodnews(条)a________________oftrours(条)

a________________ofadvice(条)a________________ofcoffee(杯)

a________________ofoil(滴)a________________oftime(段)

a________________ofmatches(盒)a________________ofglass(副)

a________________ofchocolate(条)a________________ofink(瓶)

a________________oftea(壶)two______________offish(盘)

three______________ofrice(袋)four______________offurniture(件)

five_______________ofsugar(磅)six________________ofclothes(套)

3．可数名词的复数构成

A.规则变化

构成法例词

一般情况在词尾加______desk------deskspicture-----pictures

以_______________结尾加

______

bus------busbox-----boxesbrush------brushes

watch------watches

以辅音+______结尾，变____

为_____加_________

baby------babiesfamily-----familiescountry---countries

以辅音+_____结尾加______tomoto-----tomatoespotato----potatoesNegro---Negroes

volcano----volcanoes黑人英雄爱在火山上吃土豆西红柿

以元音+_____结尾加______radio-----radiosphoto----photos

以____或____结尾，变

___/____为____,加_____

life----livesleaf-----leaveshalf---halves为了自己活命，小偷

和他的妻子拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半。

练习：写出下列名词的复数形式。

1）shoe2)orange3)eye4)month5)fox6)match7)city8)class

9)family10)country11)boy12)key13)leaf14)thief15)hero16)photo

B.不规则变化

1.单复同形deersheepfishChineJapanemeans

2.只有复数形式peoplepolicecattleclothestrours,glass

3.不规则变化

man----menwoman----womenfoot-----feettooth-----teeth

mou------micechild-----childrenGerman------Germans

4.复合名词的复数

1)将后一部分变成复数Englishman---Englishmengentleman---gentlemen

policewoman----policewomengrown-up----grown-ups

2)将主要成分变成复数looker-on----lookers-onson-in-law----sons-in-law

3)如果前一词是man,woman，将两部分都变成复数mendoctorswomensingers

练习：roof________womandriver________________step-mother_______________

sheep_____________Japane__________________sister-in-law__________________

（二）名词所有格（表示所属、类别、动作的执行者或承受者）

1.表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格在名词后加’s

theteacher’spraithecat’sfoodJames’dogthedogs’food

2.表示无生命的东西的名词，用of+名词的结构来表示

thelegofthedeskthecoverofthemagazine

3.在时间，距离，度量，价值等名词后，可用名词所有格。

twomonths’timetoday’snewspaperfiftypounds’weight

4.表示店铺或某人的家时，常在所有格后省去shop,home.

thedoctor’sthetailor’smyuncle’sthebarber’s

5.名词前有冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词时，用of词组+所有格表示

afriendofJohn’sthatbikeofTom’s

6.某样东西为两人或多人共有，在后一个名词尾+’s.

JaneandFred’smotherJane’sandFred’smother

TomandTim’scarTom’sandTim’scar

（三）名词的用法

名词在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等。

1、Thestoryisveryinteresting.()2、Iamdrawingapicture.()

3、Mybrotherisadoctor.()4、Yourpencilboxissonice.()

（四）主谓一致

1.主语是复数，谓语用复数，主语是单数，谓语用单数。

tudents.

连接两个名词，看有无the.

Theprofessorandwriterisgoingtogiveusalectureofwriting.

Theprofessorandthewriteraregoingtoourschool.

rof…和Thenumberof…后的谓语。

Thenumberofpeoplewasfifty,butanumberofthemwereabntfordifferentreasons.

4.主语+with/aswellas/but/except/besides/including…+主语，谓语动词的单复数与第一个主语一致。

Alibrarywithfivethousandbooksisofferedtothenationasagift.

Alltheteachersaswellasthestudents(be)invitedtotheparty.

5．以either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso，not…but…等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词

的单复数应按照就近原则。

Eitheryouorhe______(be)yhebutalsoI______(be)wrong.

Neitherthechildrennortheteacher_______(know)anythingaboutit.

e句型就近原则。

There________twopatientsandanurinthehospital.

7.有些名词复数形式作为一个整体，(如度量，距离，金额，时间，书名等）其谓语动词用单数。

Twoweeks___(be)notenoughtofinishthework.1000dollars___(be)alargeamountofmoney.

8.某些集体名词，如family,team等做主语时，若当一个整体看，谓语动词就用单数，若就其中一个一

个成员来看，谓语动词就用复数，class,club,audience,committee,crowd,government,party,public,

team等。其中population的用法也类似

Hisfamily_____(be)lefamily_____(be)havinglunch.

ThepopulationofChina____(be)world________(be)waitingforthegoodnews.

9.成双成对构成的东西，如glass,shoes,chopsticks,scissors等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，但与apair

一起构成作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

10．each,every+名词，谓语用单数。Eachboyandgirl________(want)torvethepeopleinthefuture.

11.…几分之几/…百分之几+of+名词单数/复数+谓语单数/复数

Three-fifthsofmoney_____(have)rdsofthestudents______(be)girlstudents.

12.…oneof+复数名词+谓语复数…theonly/theveryoneof+复数名词+谓语单数

Heisoneoftheboysthathavepasdthemathstest.

Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohasfinishedreadingintime.

基础练习

peech,hegaveus_____onhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.

ce

ouverymuchforgivingus_____onthismatter.

information

3.---Wheredidyouhaveyoursupper?---________.

ster’s

rom__________.Sheis______________.

y;;many;y;aGerman

hta________reexpensive.

nisabout_________httostartrightaway.

r’rs’-hours

7.A_______ofmoneyhasbeenspentonthebuilding.

umber

8.______beenmadeinsciencesincethen.

ogresshave

help________.

pleblind

atwriterandsolider_______.

oChine

ent,Zhang’sfamily__________ratherbig,withtwelvepeopleinall.

________.

’kofMary

retwenty______andfortynursinthehospital.

octor

14.________cametoourschoolyesterday.

liam’liam

miles________alongwaytowalk.

提高练习

leclass___greatlymovedathiswords.

ss______irofglass_____mybrother’s.

;;;;is

tudent______somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.

wn

thevisitors_____thefruit_____bad.

;;;;are

thefootballers___over150pounds.

ighing

gerandpianist_____askedtomakeaspeechatthemeetingyesterday.

softheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.

__alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep__up.

;;;;them

swellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.

eaned

ymybrotherbutalsoI_____us_____goodpainters.

............is

youorthepresident_______theprizestothegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.

ndout

an60percentofworld'sradioprograms_______inEnglish.

nded___goodcareofherenow.

n

thofourclassmates____thofhertime____devotedtowriting.

;;;;are

mpicGamesintheyear2008_____inBeijingofChina,which_____knowntousall.

ld;held;old;eheld;is

withtwochildren____,alongwithherparents,___movedtoParis.

;;;;has

gbutveralglass________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.

e

oplesay10,000_______alotofmoney.

are

berofthepeoplewho___cars___increasing.

….………are

eoftheboyswho_____eonlyoneoftheboyswho_____neverlate

forschool.

;;;;is

一、基础练习

1、Thereareonlytwelve______inthehospital.．

octor

2、MrSmithhastwo_______,bothofwhomareteachersinaschool.．

rs-inlaw

3、——Howmany______doesacowhave——Four.

hies

4、Some______visitedourschoollastWednesday.．

s

5、The_______ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof.

;;;;leafs

6、Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree_______missing.．

es

7、Thatwasafifty_______engine.．

powers

8、Myfatheroftengivesme______

vice

9、Marybrokea______whileshewaswashingup.

’s

10、Canyougiveussome______aboutthewriter?．

information

11、Ihadacupof_____andtwopiecesof_____thismorning.

;;;;bread

12、Asisknowntousall,______travelsmuchfasterthan______.

;;;;lights

13、Shetoldhimofallher___and____

;;;;fears

14、Therising_____have(has)alotof____tothecrops.

;;;;harms

15、Howfarawayisitfromheretoyourschool?”----About______.

hour”hourdrive

16、Theshirtisn””s_____.

”ths’th”s

17、MissJohnsonisafriendof_______.

’’smothers’ther’’smother’s

18、LastweekIcalledatmy_____LastweekIcalledatmy_____.

’’

19、Thebeachisa______throw.

’’s

20、Icanhardlyimagine____sailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.

’’s

二、提高练习

”tmakemuch________whetheryouagreeornot.

asyetsucceededinexplainingthe________ofhowlifebegan.

houldbeno___inndingthisinformationtohim.

”tgiveyouthecardwithoutSmith”s________.

ance

presdmemostwasthattheyneverlost________.

earts

Ispoketohimmanytimes,henevertookany________ofwhatIsaid.

obuya________ofChinaDaily.

hadpreparedcarefullyforherEnglishexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonher

first________.

reusuallyatleasttwo________oflookingateveryquestion.

workedouttheplanandnowwemustputitinto________.

oungforthejob,butontheother________,sheiswelltrained.

timportant________ofhisspeechwasthatweshouldallworkwhole-heartedlyforthepeople.

13.---I”dlike________informationaboutthemanagementofyourhotel,plea.

---Well,youcouldhave________tbehelpful.

;;;;a

mehehadbeenofferedaverywell-paid________.

on

ayermustobey________,whoistheleaderoftheteam.

ns

________thathehadtoaskforhelp.

igjob

pedthe________andbrokeit.

”cup

________!Wheredidyougetthem?

sh

_______hewouldkeep

_______.

;;hisword

;d;hiswords

lawwillcomeinto________onthedayitispasd.

nce

参考答案：

一、

1、B、A

3、Cstoma（胃）虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。

4、C、AAroof,chief,gu,belief等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。

6、C、AA名词作定语一般不用复数。8、B

9、A根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加““s”。

10、B、D、B、C、C、A

16、D根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。

17、D、C、DDasto”sthrow是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。

20、B此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用Peter”s，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用

宾格，因此B为正确答案。

二、1~20:CADCBDDCDCDAADCDDABA

21~40:BBCDABBBADACDCBDAB