初中英语语法大全
语法网络图
一.名词
I.
名词的种类:
专有名词普通名词
国名地名人名,团体
机构名称
可数名词不可数名词
个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词
II.名词的数:
1.规则名词的复数形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法
与读音规则列表如下:
规则例词
1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,a-as,girl-girls,day-days
2以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es
class-class,box-boxes,watch-watches,
dish-dishes
3
以-f或
-fe结尾
的词
变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,
wife-wives,half-halves
加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs
4
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为
i加-es
party-parties,family-families,story-stories,
city-cities
5
以元音字母加y结尾的名词,或专有
名词以y结尾的,加-s
toy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,
Henry-Henrys
6
以辅音
字母加
-o结尾
的名词
一般加-es
Negro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,
tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s
piano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,
kilo-kilos,solo-solos
两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos
7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos
8以-th结尾的名词加-s
truth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,
path-paths,
2.不规则名词复数:英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,现归纳如下:
规则例词
1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goo-gee,
mou-mice
2单复数相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,
3只有复数形式trours,clothes,thanks,goods,glass,
4一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police
5
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)
也可以作复数(成员)
class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,
population,team,public,party
6复数形式表示特别含义
customs(海关),times(时代),spirits(情绪),
drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),
looks(外表),brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜)
7
表示
“某国
人”
加-s
Americans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,
Swedes,Europeans
单复数同形Swiss,Portugue,Chine,Japane
以-man或-woman结尾的改
为-men,-women
Englishmen,Frenchwomen
8
合成名
词
将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law,lookers-on,pasrs-by,story-tellers,
boyfriends
无主体名词时将最后一部分
变为复数
grown-ups,houwives,stopwatches
将两部分变为复数womensingers,menrvants
III.名词的所有格:
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种:一是名词词尾加’s
构成,二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西,后者多表示无生命的东西。
1.’s所有格的构成:
单数名词在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,
复数名词
一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,
不规则复数名词后加’sthechildren’stoys,women’srights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’hou
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾
均须加’s
Japan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’s
bikes
表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词
末加’s
JapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather
表示"某人家""店铺",所有格
后名词省略
thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s
2.’s所有格的用法:
1表示时间today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday
2表示自然现象theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches
3
表示国家城市等地方的
名词
thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry
4表示工作群体theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory
5表示度量衡及价值amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples
6
与人类活动有特殊关系
的名词
thelife’stime,theplay’splot
7某些固定词组
abird’yeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’nd(不知所
措)
所有格的用法:
用于无生命的东西:thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook
用于有生命的东西,尤其是有较长定语时:theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents
用于名词化的词:thestruggleoftheoppresd
二.冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词。
I.
不定冠词的用法:
1指一类人或事,相当于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
2第一次提及某人某物,非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.
3表示“每一”相当于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.
4表示“相同”相当于thesameWearenearlyofanage.
5
用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与
某名人有类似性质的人或事
ametovisityouwhenyouwereout
ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.
6用于固定词组中
Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,have
awalk,manyatime
7
用于quite,rather,many,half,what,
such之后
Thisroomisratherabigone.
8用于so(as,too,how)+形容词之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.
II.定冠词的用法:
1表示某一类人或物Thehorisaufulanimal.
2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前theuniver,themoon,thePacificOcean
3
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过
的人或事
Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?
4用于乐器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar
5用于形容词和分词前表示一类人thereach,theliving,thewounded
6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”theGreens,theWangs
7
用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高
级前
Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.
8
用于国家党派等以及江河湖海,山川群
岛的名词前
theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyof
China,theFrench
9用于表示发明物的单数名词前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.
10
在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个
年代
inthe1990’s
11用于表示单位的名词前Ihiredthecarbythehour.
12
用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示
时间的词组前
Hepattedmeontheshoulder.
III.零冠词的用法:
1
专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名
地名等名词前
BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air
2
名词前有this,my,who,some,no,each,
every等限制
Iwantthisbook,notthatone./
Whopuristhis?
3
季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐
前
March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring
4表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.
5学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.
6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前bytrain,byair,byland
7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight
8表示泛指的复数名词前Horsareufulanimals.
三.代词:
I.
代词可以分为以下七大类:
1
人称
代词
主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they
宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them
2
物主
代词
形容词性my,your,his,her,its,our,their
名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs
3反身代词mylf,yourlf,himlf,herlf,itlf,ourlves,yourlves,themlves
4指示代词this,that,the,tho,such,some
5疑问代词who,whom,who,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever
6关系代词that,which,who,whom,who,as
7不定代词
one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/afew/a
little,
other/another,all/both,neither/either
II.不定代词用法注意点:
,some与any:
1)one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和
否定句。
Oneshouldlearntothinkofothers.
Haveyouanybookmarks?No,Idon’thaveanybookmarks.
Ihavesomequestionstoask.
2)some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
Wouldyoulikesomebananas?
Couldyougivemesomemoney?
3)some和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。
Ihavereadthisarticleinsomemagazine.
Pleacorrectthemistakes,ifany.
4)some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。
Therearesome3,000studentsinthisschool.
Doyoufeelanybettertoday?
和every:
each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个
或三个以上。
Eachstudenthasapocketdictionary./Each(ofus)hasadictionary./Weeachhaveadictionary.
Everystudenthasstrongandweakpoints./Everyoneofushasstrongandweakpoints.
和no:
no等于notany,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名
词,谓语单复数皆可以。
Thereisnowaterinthebottle.
Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?None.
Noneofthestudentsare(is)afraidofdifficulties.
和another:
1)other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:theotherday,everyotherweek,someother
reason,nootherway,
theother特指两者中的另外一个,复数为theothers。如:
Heheldabookinonehandandhisnotesintheother.
Twostudentsinourclassfailed,butalltheotherspasdtheexam.
2)another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:
Idon’tlikethisshirt,pleashowmeanother(one).
Thetroursaretoolong,pleagivemeanotherpair/someothers.
Somelikefootball,whileotherslikebasketball.
和both,neither和either
all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用
neither和none.
AllofthebooksarenotwritteninEnglish./NotallofthebooksarewritteninEnglish.
Bothofusarenotteachers./Notbothofusareteachers./Eitherofusisateacher.
四.形容词和副词
I.
形容词:
1.形容词的位置:
1)形容词作定语通常前置,但在下列情况后置:
1
修饰some,any,every,no和body,thing,one等构成
的复合不定代词时
nobodyabnt,everythingpossible
2
以-able,-ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only
修饰的名词之后
thebestbookavailable,theonly
solutionpossible
3alive,alike,awake,aware,asleep等可以后置theonlypersonawake
4和空间、时间、单位连用时abridge50meterslong
5成对的形容词可以后置ahugeroomsimpleandbeautiful
6形容词短语一般后置amandifficulttogetonwith
2)多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:
代词数词性状形容词
冠词
前的
形容
词
冠词
指示代词
不定代词
代词所有
格
序数
词
基数
词
性质
状态
大小
长短
形状
新旧
温度
颜色
国籍
产地
材料
质地
名
词
all
both
such
the
a
this
another
your
cond
next
one
four
beautiful
good
poor
large
short
square
new
cool
black
yellow
Chine
London
silk
stone
3)复合形容词的构成:
1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous
2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving
3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered
4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged
5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-year
II.副词
副词的分类:
1
时间副
词
soon,now,early,finally,once,
recently
5频度副词
always,often,frequently,ldom,
never
2
地点副
词
here,nearby,outside,
upwards,above
6疑问副词how,where,when,why
3
方式副
词
hard,well,fast,slowly,
excitedly,really
7连接副词
how,when,where,why,whether,
however,meanwhile
4
程度副
词
almost,nearly,very,fairly,
quite,rather
8关系副词when,where,why
III.形容词和副词比较等级:
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级,比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容
词和副词后加-er和-est,多音节和一些双音节词前加more和most。
1.同级比较时常常用as…as…以及notso(as)…as…如:Iamnotsogoodaplayerasyouare.
2.可以修饰比较级的词有:much,many,alot,even,far,abit,alittle,still,yet,byfar,any,a
greatdeal。
3.表示一方随另一方变化时用“themore…themore…”句型。如:Theharderyouwork,the
moreprogressyouwillmake.
4.用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如:Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.
5.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:
Ourschoolisthreetimeslargerthanyours./Ourschoolisfourtimesaslargeasyours./Ourschool
isfourtimesthesizeofyours.
6.表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如:favourite,excellent,extreme,perfect。
五.介词
I.
介词分类:
1简单介词
about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,
on
2合成介词inside,into,onto,outof,outside,throughout,upon,within,without
3短语介词accordingto,becauof,insteadof,upto,dueto,owingto,thanksto
4双重介词fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween
5
分词转化成的介
词
considering(就而论),including
6
形容词转化成的
介词
like,unlike,near,next,opposite
II.常用介词区别:
1表示时间的in,on,atat表示片刻的时间,in表示一段的时间,on总是与日子有关
2表示时间的since,from
since指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用,from指从
时间的某一点开始
3表示时间的in,after
in指在一段时间之后,after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过
去时的一段时间中
4
表示地理位置的in,on,
to
in表示在某范围内,on指与什么毗邻,to指在某环境范围之外
5表示“在…上”的on,inon只表示在某物的表面上,in表示占去某物一部分
6
表示“穿过”的
through,across
through表示从内部通过,与in有关,across表示在表面上通过,
与on有关
7
表示“关于”的about,
on
about指涉及到,on指专门论述
8
between与among的区
别
between表示在两者之间,among用于三者或三者以上的中间
9besides与except的区别
besides指“除了…还有再加上”,except指“除了,减去什
么”,不放在句首
10表示“用”的in,with
with表示具体的工具,in表示材料,方式,方法,度量,单位,
语言,声音
11as与like的区别
as意为“作为,以…地位或身份”,like为“象…一样”,指
情形相似
12in与into区别
in通常表示位置(静态),into表示动向,不表示目的地或位
置
六.动词
I.
动词的时态:
1.动词的时态一共有16种,以ask为例,将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下:
现在时过去时将来时过去将来时
一般ask/asksaskedshall/willaskshould/wouldask
进行am/is/areaskingwas/wereaskingshall/willbeaskingshould/wouldbeasking
完成have/hasaskedhadaskedshall/willhaveaskedshould/wouldhaveasked
完成进
行
have/hasbeen
asking
hadbeenasking
shall/willhavebeen
asking
should/wouldhavebeen
asking
2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
1)现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况,但和现在有联系,强调的是对现在造成
的影响或结果,它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用,汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之,
利用过去,说明现在。如:
Ihavealreadyreadthenovelwrittenbytheworld-famouswriter.(已经看过,且了解这本书的内
容)
2)一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态,和现在无关,它可和表示过去的时间状语连
用,汉译英时可加“过”,“了”等词。简言之,仅谈过去,不关现在。如:
Ireadthenovellastmonth.(只说明上个月看了,不涉及现在是否记住)
IlivedinBeijingfortenyears.(只说明在北京住过十年,与现在无关)
3.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别:
两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”,在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时,多用
现在完成时,如着重表示动作一直在进行,即动作的延续性时,则多用现在完成进行时。一
般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。
Ihavereadthatbook.我读过那本书了。
Ihavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorning.我早上一直在读那本书。
4.一般将来时的表达方式:
将来时用法例句
1
will/shall+动词原
形
表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态Mysisterwillbetennextyear.
2
begoingto+动词原
形
含有“打算,计划,即将”做某事,
或表示很有可能要发生某事
It’sgoingtoclearup.
We’regoingtohaveaparty
tonight.
3
be+doing进行时
表示将来
go,come,start,move,leave,arrive等
词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的
动作
Heismovingtothesouth.
AretheyleavingforEurope?
4
beaboutto+动词
原形
表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的
动作,后面一般不跟时间状语
Iwasabouttoleavewhenthe
bellrang.
Themeetingisabouttoclo.
5beto+动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见
We’retomeetattheschool
gateatnoon.
6
一般现在时表示将
来
时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事
情,可用一般现在时表示将来
Themeetingstartsatfive
o’clock.
Theplaneleavesattenthis
evening.
II.动词的被动语态:
常用被动语
态
构成
常用被动语
态
构成
1一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进行时was/werebeingasked
2一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时have/hasbeenasked
3一般将来时shall/willbeasked8过去完成时hadbeenasked
4过去将来时should/wouldbeasked9将来完成时will/wouldhavebeenasked
5现在进行时am/is/arebeingasked10
含有情态动
词的
can/must/maybeasked
注
意
事
项
被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not,短语动词的被动态不可漏掉
其中介副词。固定结构be
goingto,udto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动态时,只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如:
Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer./Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.
Newspapersudtobentherebythelittlegirl.
汉语有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如:
Itisbelievedthat…
Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…
Itissaidthat…
Itiswellknownthat…
Itmustbepointedoutthat…
Itissuppodthat…
Itisreportedthat…
Itmustbeadmittedthat…
Itishopedthat…
下面主动形式常表示被动意义:如:
Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.
Thebookisworthreadingtwice.
Thedoorwon’tshut./Theplaywon’tact.
Theclotheswasheswell./Thebookllswell.
Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.
下面词或短语没有被动态:
leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,
happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consist
of,haveon,loheart等等
七.情态动词
I.
情态动词基本用法:
情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答
can
能力(体力,智力,技能)
允许或许可(口语中常用)
可能性(表猜测,用于否定句
或疑问句中)
cannot/cannot/can’t
do
Can…do…?
Yes,…can.
No,…can’t.
couldcouldn’tdo
may
可以(问句中表示请求)
可能,或许(表推测)
祝愿(用于倒装句中)
maynotdo
May…do…?Yes,…may.
No,…mustn’t/can’t.
mightmightnotdo
Might…do…?Yes,…might
No,…mightnot.
must
必须,应该(表主观要求)
肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测)
mustnot/mustn’tdo
Must…do…?Yes,…must.
No,…needn’t/don’thaveto.
haveto
只好,不得不(客观的必须,
有时态人称变化)
don’thavetodo
Do…havetodo…?
Yes,…do.
No,…don’t.
oughtto
应当(表示义务责任,口语中
多用should
oughtnotto/oughtn’t
todo
Ought…todo…?
Yes,…ought.
No,…oughtn’t.
shall
将要,会
用于一三人称征求对方意见
用于二三人称表示许诺、命
令、警告、威胁等
shallnot/shan’tdo
Shall…do…?
Yes,…shall.
No,…shan’t.
should
应当,应该(表义务责任)
本该(含有责备意味)
shouldnot/shouldn’t
do
Should…do…?
will
意愿,决心
请求,建议,用在问句中would
比较委婉
willnot/won’tdo
Will…do…?
Yes,…will.
No,…won’t.
would
wouldnot/wouldn’t
do
dare
敢(常用于否定句和疑问句
中)
darenot/daren’tdo
Dare…do…?
Yes,…,…daren’t.
need
需要
必须(常用于否定句和疑问句
中)
neednot/needn’tdo
Need…do…?
Yes,…,…needn’t.
udto过去常常(现在已不再)
ud
not/udn’t/un’tto
do
didn’tutodo
Ud…todo…?
Yes,…ud.
No,…u(d)n’t.
Did…utodo…?
Yes,…did.
No,…didn’t.
II.情态动词must,may,might,could,can表示推测:
以must为例。must+do(be)是推测现在存在的一般状态进行;must+bedoing推测可能正在
进行的事情;must+havedone是推测可能已经发生过的事情。
“肯定,一定”语气强,只用于肯定句中。
HemustbeamanfromAmerica./Hemustbetalkingwithhisfriend./Hemusthavealready
arrivedthere.
和might“也许”,后者语气弱,更没有把握。可用于肯定句和否定句。
Hemaynotbeathome./Theymighthavefinishedtheirtask.
和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t语气强,用于肯定、否定、疑
问句中。
Theweatherinthatcitycouldbecoldnow.
Wecouldhavewalkedthere;itwassonear.(推测某事本来可能发生,但实际上没有发生)
Canhebeintheofficenow?No,hecan’tbethere,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.(语气很
强,常用于疑问句和否定句中)
III.情态动词注意点:
和beableto:都可以表示能力。但beableto可以表达“某事终于成功”,而can无法
表达此意。Beableto有更多的时态。另外,两者不能重叠使用。
和would:
udto表示过去常常做现在已经不再有的习惯,而would只表示过去的习惯或喜好,不涉
及现在。
和dare作情态动词和实义动词的区别:
两者作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句。其形式为:needn’t/daren’tdo;Need/dare…do…?
做实义动词时可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句。其形式为:need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared)
todo,don’t(doesn’t/didn’t)need/daretodo
八.非谓语动词
I.
非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成:
非谓语形
式
构成
特征和作用
时态和语态否定式复合结构
不定式
todo
tobedoing
tohave
done
tobedone
tohavebeen
done
在非谓
语前加
not
dosth.
具有名词,副词和形容词的作
用
在句中做主、宾、定、表和状
语
分词
现在分
词
doing
havingdone
beingdone
havingbeen
done
具有副词和形容词的作用
在句中做定、表、宾补和状语
过去
分词
done
动名词
doing
havingdone
beingdone
havingbeen
done
sb’sdoing
具有名词的作用
在句中做主、宾、定和表语
II.做宾语的非谓语动词比较:
情况常用动词
只接不定式做宾
语的动词
hope,want,offer,long,fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,pretend,manage,agree,
afford,determine,promi,happen
只接动名词做宾
语的动词或短语
mind,miss,enjoy,imagine,practi,suggest,finish,escape,excu,
appreciate,admit,prevent,keep,dislike,avoid,risk,resist,consider
can’thelp,feellike,succeedin,befondof,objectto,getdownto,beengaged
in,insiston,thinkof,beproudof,takepridein,tabout,beafraidof,be
tiredof,lookforwardto,devoteonelfto,beworth,bebusy,payattention
to,stickto
两
者
都
可
以
意义基本相
同
begin,start,like,love,hate,prefer,continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接
动名词多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require(接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用
被动形式)
意义相反
stoptodo停止手中事,去做另一件事
stopdoing停止正在做的事
意义不同
remember/forget/regrettodo(指动作尚未
发生)
remember/forget/regretdoing(指动作已经
发生)
goontodo(接着做另外一件
事)
goondoing(接着做同一件事)
trytodo(设法,努力去做,尽力)
trydoing(试试去做,看有何结果)
meantodo(打算做,企图做)
meandoing(意识是,意味着)
can’thelptodo(不能帮忙做)can’thelpdoing(忍不住要做)
III.非谓语动词做宾语补足语的区别:
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间
概念
例句
不定式
ask,beg,expect,get,order,
tell,want,wish,encourage
主谓关系。强调动作将发生
或已经完成
Iheardhimcallmeveral
times.
have,notice,e,watch,
hear,feel,let,make
现在分词
notice,e,watch,hear,
find,keep,have,feel
主谓关系。强调动作正在进
行,尚未完成
Ifoundherlisteningtothe
radio.
过去分词
动宾关系。动作已经完成,
多强调状态
Wefoundthevillage
greatlychanged.
IV.非谓语动词做定语的区别:
区别举例
不定式
与被修饰词往往有动宾关系,一般式表示将
来,进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生,完成式
表示在谓语动词之前发生
Ihavealotofpaperstotype.
Ihavealotofpaperstobetyped.
动名词通常指被修饰词的用途,无逻辑上的任何关系Shallwegototheswimmingpool?
现在分
词
与被修饰词之间是主谓关系,表示动作与谓语
动作同时发生
theboilingwater/theboiledwater
thedevelopingcountry/the
developedcountry
thefallingleaves/thefallenleaves
过去分
词
与被修饰词之间是被动关系,表示动作发生在
谓语动作之前,现已经完成
V.非谓语动词做主语和表语的区别:
区别举例
不定
式
多表示一个特定的具体的将来的动作,做主语时可以
借助于it把不定式移到句子后面。做表语有时可和主
语交换位置,而且意义不变,并且还能用what来提
问主语或表语。
Mydreamistobecomea
teacher.
Toobeythelawisimportant.
(dream,business,wish,idea,
plan,duty,task做主语时常用)
动名
词
与不定式的功能区别不大,然而它更接近于名词,表
示的动作比较抽象,或者泛指习惯性的动作,有时也
可以用it做形式主语,做表语时可以和主语互换位置。
Itisnousayingthatagainand
again.
Teachingismyjob.
分词
无名词的性质,不能做主语。但是有形容词的性质,
可以做表语,多表明主语的特征性质或者状态等,可
被very,quite,rather等副词修饰。
现在分词多含有“令人…”之意,说明主语的性质特
征,多表示主动,主语多为物。过去分词一般表示被
动或主语所处的状态,含有“感到…”之意,主语多
是人。
Thesituationincouraging.
Thebookiswellwritten.
(常见分词有astonishing,
moving,tiring,disappointing,
puzzling,shocking,boring,
amusing及其-ed形式)
九.定语从句
I.
定语从句起了形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定
语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句
中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词先行词从句成分例句备注
关系
代词
who人主语
Doyouknowthemanwhoistalking
withyourmother?
whom,which
和that在从句
中做宾语时,
常可以省略,
但介词提前时
后面关系代词
whom人宾语
sthepersonwithwhomIam
working
Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthe
war..
who人,物定语
Ilikethobookswhotopicsareabout
history.
Theboywhofatherworksabroadis
mydeskmate.
不能省略,也
不可以用that
that人,物
主语,宾
语
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoe
verymuch.
which物
主语,宾
语
Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth
$10.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccident
wasterrible.
as人,物
主语,宾
语
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyall
ofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
as做宾语一般
不省略
关系
副词
when时间时间状语
Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemet
there.
可用onwhich
where地点地点状语ThisisthehouwhereIwasborn.可用inwhich
why原因原因状语
Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturned
downmyoffer.
可用forwhich
与which,who,whom的用法区别:
情况用法说明例句
只用that的情
况
1.
先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,
little,much,等不定代词时。
2.
先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,
no,some,few等修饰时
3.
先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4.
先行词既指人又指物时
5.
先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
6.
句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重
复时
meeverythingthathe
knows.
booksthatyouoffered
hasbeengivenout.
thebestfilmthatIhave
everread.
edaboutthepersonsand
thingsthatweremembered.
eonlymanthatIwantto
e.
hemanthatismakinga
speech?
只用which,
who,whom的
情况
1.
在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指
代物,用who/whom指人
Hehasason,whohasgone
abroadforfurtherstudy.
Ilikethepersontowhomthe
2.
在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
中,只能用which指物,whom指人。
3.
先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先
行词为tho,one,he时多用who。
teacheristalking.
Thowhorespectothersare
usuallyrespectedbyothers.
与which的区别:
定语从
句
区别例句
限制性
定语从
句中
名词前有such和thesame修饰时,关系
代词用as,不能用which
Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’t
understand.
非限制
性定语
从句中
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如
果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主
句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而
which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无
“正如”的意思。
Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.
Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’t
expected.
Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstar
inthe1980s.
IV.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
类别语法意义及特征例句
限制性定语
从句
对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意
思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分
密切,写时不用逗号分开。
Theaccidenthappenedatthe
timewhenIleft.
非限制性定
语从句
对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分
密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,
相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代
词做宾语时也不能省略。
Hismother,whomheloved
deeply,diedtenyearsago.
十.名词性从句
种类作用常用关联词例句
主语从
句
在复合句中做主语,相当于名
词,一般置谓语之前,也可用
it作形式主语,主语从句放主
句之后
that,whether,if,
asif,asthough,
who,who,
which,how,
when,where,
why,what,
whatever,
whoever,
wherever
Whetherhewillcomeornot
doesn’tmattermuch.
Whoevercomesherewillbe
welcome.
表语从
句
在复合句中做表语,相当于名
词,位于系动词之后
Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.
宾语从
句
在复合句中做宾语,相当于名
词
Heaskedmewhichteamcould
winthegame.
同位语放在名词之后(news,problem,Youhavenoideahowworriedwe
从句idea,suggestion,advice,
thought,hope,fact等)表明其
具体内容
are.
Thefactthatheliedagaingreatly
surpridus.
十一。状语从句
种类连接词注意点
时间状
语
when,whenever,while,as,before,after,
until,till,bythetime,assoonas,
hardly…when,nosooner…than,the
moment,theminute,immediately,directly,
instantly
主句表示将来意义时,从句须用一般现
在时;while引导的从句中动词一般是
延续性的;until用在肯定句中主句动
词是延续性的,而否定句中主句动词为
短暂性的。
地点状
语
where,wherever
原因状
语
becau,as,since,nowthat
becau语气最强,since较弱,表示大
家都明了的原因,as又次之。
条件状
语
if,unless,once,inca,aslongas,on
conditionthat
从句中动词时态不可用将来时,常用一
般时代替
目的状
语
sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat
sothat和inorderthat后常接may,
should,could,would等情态动词
结果状
语
so…that,such…that
比较状
语
than,as…as,notso/as…as,themore…the
more
方式状
语
asif,asthough,as
asif和asthough引导的从句一般用虚
拟语气。
让步状
语
though,although,evenif,eventhough,as,
nomatterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,
whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,no
matterhow,however,nomatterwhen,
whenever
as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式;
although和though用正常语序,可和
yet连用,但不可和but连用
十二。倒装句
种类倒装条件例句
完全
倒装
here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副
词开头的句子表示强调
Thechildrenrushedout!
表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首
Underthetreestoodtwotablesandfour
chairs.
强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡Prentatthemeetingwere1,000students.
部分
倒装
never,hardly,scarcely,ldom,little,not
until,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首
HardlydidIknowwhathadhappened.
only和修饰的状语放于句首
Onlythendidherealizedtheimportance
ofEnglish.
notonly…butalso连接并列的句子,前倒后
不倒
NotonlydoesheknowFrench,butalsohe
ixpertatit.
neither…nor…连接并列的句子,前后都倒装NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.
so…that,such…that中的so或such及修饰的
成分放于句首时前倒后不倒
Sobusyishethathecannotgoona
holiday.
as引导的让步状语Childasheis,hehaslearnedalot.
so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另
外的人或事。
.
用于表示祝愿的祈使句中Mayyoubeingoodhealth!
省略if的虚拟条件WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoitinthisway.
十三。虚拟语气
类别用法例句
If引导的
条件从句
与现在事实
相反
从句动词:过去式(be用were)
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原
形
Ifhewerehere,he
wouldhelpus.
与过去事实
相反
从句动词:had+过去分词
主句动词:should/would/could/might+have+
过去分词
IfIhadbeenfree,I
wouldhavevisited
you.
与将来事实
相反
从句动词:过去式/should+动词原形/
were+不定式
主句动词:should/would/could/might+动词原
形
Ifitshouldrain
tomorrow,wewould
notgocamping.
其它状语
从句
asif引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式
Theyaretalkingasif
theyhadbeenfriends
foryears.
inorderthat/sothat引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/
may/might/would等+动词原形
Turnonthelightso
thatwecaneit
clearly.
宾语从句
demand,suggest,order,insist后接的从句中动词为should+
动词原形
Hesuggestedthatwe
notchangeourmind.
wish后的从句中分别用过去式,过去完成式和IwishIcouldbeapop
should/would+动词原形表示与现在,过去和将来情况相反singer.
主语从句
在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat…,Itissuggested/
demanded/ordered/requestedthat…等从句中,谓语动词
用should+动词原形
Itisstrangethatsucha
personshouldbeour
friends.
其它句型
中
Itistimethat…句型中动词用过去式或should+动词原形
It’shightimethatwe
left.
wouldrather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式
Iwouldratheryou
stayedathomenow.
Ifonly句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式,表示强烈
的愿望
Ifonlyourdreamhad
cometrue!
十四。重要句型
1.
Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathefinishedhistask.
2.
NotuntilhecamebackfromabroadwasIabletoehimagain.
3.
Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.
4.
Hewalkedaroundthehou,guninhand.
5.
Mayyoubeingoodhealth!
6.
Wishyouapleasantjourneybackhome!
7.
Theprofessorwasahumorousmanwithbignoanddeep-teyes.
8.
Whatsurpridmemostwashisimaginationandpatience.
9.
Helayonthegrass,withhiyeslookingattheskyandhishandsunderhishead.
10.
ndhisfirstteacher.
11.
Onthewallhangtwopicturesoffamousscientists.
12.
Lookingbackuponthopastyears,hecouldn’thelpfeelingveryproud.
13.
Nosooner(Hardly)hadhearrivedatthetheatrethan(when)theplaystarted.
14.
Youngasheis,hehaslearnedadvancedmathematics.
15.
HowIregretthehourswastedinthewoodsandfields!
16.
Therestandsabeautifulvainthecorneroftheroom.
17.
Tenmilesnorthofthetownliesapaperfactory.
18.
Theregoesthebell.
19.
Nowherehastheworldeverensuchabirdashere.
20.
Itisnoucryingforhelp.
21.
IfonlyIhadbeenyourstudentinthemiddleschool!
22.
Itisbelievedthatsuchathingwillnothappenagain.
23.
OnlywhenheexplaineddidIrealizethereasonforthis.
24.
“Heworksparticularlyhard.”
“Sohedoes,andsodoyou.”
25.
NotonlyAlicebutalsoJaneandMaryaretiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.
26.
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplepersonofgreatachievements.
十五。动词搭配
增加,增进
add…to把…加进…
addup相加
addupto总计,所有这一切说明
1)Idon'tthinkthefactswill________anything.
2)Fiftynewbookshavebeen________thelibrary.
3)Themusic_________ourenjoymentofthefilm.
4)Youmusthavemadeamistakewhenyou_______thebill________.
(addupto,addedto,addto,added…up)
wayfrom打破,脱离,挣脱,改掉
breakdown出毛病,身体(精神)衰弱,分解,拆开
breakoff暂停,中断
breakin强行进入,插话
breakinto闯入
breakintopieces成为碎片
breakout爆发
breakup捣碎,驱散,瓦解,学期结束,拆散
breakthrough突破
1)Thecriminalmanagedtobreak_______
______thepoliceandranintothewoods.
2)Whenheheardthenews,hebroke_______andcried.
3)Don'tbreak________whileothersarespeaking.
4)Whydon'tyoubreak________forafewminutesandhavesomecoffee?
5)Whendoesschoolbreak________?
6)Afterharvestwebreak_________thesoilwithatoolpulledbytwooxen.
(awayfrom,down,in,off,up,up)
p抚养,呕吐,提出
bringabout造成
bringout拿出,出版
bringin引入,引进,挣钱
bringback使回想起
bringdown使下降,使倒下
1)Theshopkeeperbroughthisprice_________toonlyfivedollars.
2)Theschoolhasbrought_________newforeignteacherstoteachoralEnglish.
3)Thesongbrought___________happymemoriesofourschooldays.
4)Doyouknowwhatbrought___________thismisunderstanding?
5)Thekindoldmanagreedtobring__________theyoungorphan.
6)Wedecidedtobringthematter___atthenextmeeting.
7)Thewindbrought_______alotoftreeslastnight.
8)Nextmonththeywill
bring________aneweditionof
thebook.
(down,in,back,about,up,up,down,out)
号召,拜访(某人)
callat拜访、参观(某地)
callfor去叫某人,要求,需要
callup使回忆起,征召入伍
callin召集,请某人来
callout大喊,高叫
calloff取消,不举行
1)Doctorsareoftencalled_____inthemiddleofthewar.
2)Pleawaitformeathome.I'llcall_______youatyourhouatventonight.
3)Thetrainscalls_______veralbigcitiesbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou.
4)Hecalledhername__________,butshedidn'tanswer.
5)Thesportsmeetwascalled____onaccountoftherain.
(in,for,at,out,off)
out发生,出现
comedown下跌,落,降,传下来
comein进来
comeinto(sight/being/existence/u/notice/effect)
comeon来临/快点
comeout出版,结果是
comealong一道来,赶快
cometo达到(anend/anagreement/astop)苏醒,合计,总共是
comeover走过来
comeup发芽,走近
comeacross偶然碰到
comeback回想起
comefrom来自,源自
1)Icome_________thebookIlentyoulastmonth.
2)Howdiditcome_________thatyoubothgotlost?Ithoughtyouhadamap.
3)Itsuddenlycame_________tomewhereIhadentheboybefore.
4)Come__________now,orelweshallbelate.
5)Hecame__________melikeatiger.
6)Thepriceofpetrolhascome_________sincethebeginningofthisyear.
7)Thewordcame__________umanyyearsago.
8)Whentheexaminationresultcame_________,hehadalreadygotajob.
9)Thebillcame__________overathousanddollars.
10)Isowedtheedsoveramonthago,buttheyhaven'tcome__________yet.
(for,about,back,on,at,down,into,out,to,up)
oss抄近路
cutdown砍倒,削减
cutoff切断,割掉,断绝关系
cutup连根拔除,切碎
through剪断,凿穿
cutout删(省)掉,戒掉
cutin插嘴
1)Don'tcut___beveryshadyinsummer.
2)Youmustcut________thenumberofcigarettesyousmoke,oritwillcauillness.
3)Wedecidedtocut_________themoor(旷野)tothevillage.
4)Cuttingthetree____meanscuttingthetreeintopieces.
5)Theelectricitywascut___________whentheladyrefudtopaythebill.
6)WewerehavingapleasantconversationwhenTomcut__________.
(down,down,across,up,off,in)
(dia/hunger/grief/oldage)死于(疾病,饥饿,寒冷,情感原因)
diefrom死于(意外事故、情形)
dieaway渐渐消逝
dieout绝种
diedown(炉火)渐熄
dieoff逐一死去
hind落后
falloverone'sfeet跌跤
falldown掉下,跌倒
fallback撤退,后退
1)Babiesoftenfall_____whentheyarelearningtowalk.
2)Ourteamemstohavefallen__________theothers.
3)Assoonastheenemiesfell__________,thepeoplereturnedtotheirvillage.
4)Shefell__________thebenchandhadherlegbroken.
(down,behind,back,over)
r从事,喜爱,参加
gothrough通过,经受
goover复习,检查
goup(价格)上涨,建造起来
goafter追捕,追赶
goagainst违反
goahead先行,开始吧,问吧,说吧
goaway离开
goby时间过去
godown下沉,降低,(日、月)西沉
goon(with)继续进行
gowith相配,陪同
gowithout没有,缺少
goout外出,熄灭
goallout全力以赴
gooff爆炸,进行,变坏,断电,停止供应
gobackon背约,食言
gobeyond超出
1)Manynewfactorieshavegone__inthepastfewyears.
2)Rentshavegone__________greatlyrecently.
3)Manyyearshavegone___________sincewefirstmet.
4)Let'scontinueourjourneyuntilthesungoes_______.
5)Hisactionswent___________thewillofthepeople,
6)Ican'tdoit,foritgoes___________myduty.
7)Over100studentswent____________thintranceexamination.
8)Thebombwent____________andkilledtenpeople.
9)Thebuyerwent___________thecarcarefullybeforereachingadecision.
10)Thistiedoesn'tgo___________myblueshirt.
11)Ifyouthinkyoucansolvetheproblem,go______.
12)Manystudentswent__________playingbasketball.
(up,up,by,down,against,beyond,through,off,over,with,ahead,infor)
n下来,记下,使沮丧
getdownto致力于,专心于
geton进展,进步,穿上,上车
getoff脱下,下车
getin收集,插(话)
getaway逃跑,逃脱,去休假
getover忘记,越过,克服,从疾病中恢复
getalongwith进展,相处
getup起床
getthrough打通电话,完成,通过
getround消息传开
getclotosth.接近,几乎
getinto(trouble)
getto(know)
getback取回,收回
getout
1)ShespokesofastthatIcouldn'tget____whathesaid.
2)Wewillfindwaystoget_________difficulties.
3)Thestoryhasgot__________,andeveryoneknowsaboutit.
4)WhenIget_________withthereport,I'llgotothecinema.
5)Afteradeliciousmealthetwomengot__________tobusiness.
6)Don'talwaysget__________awordwhenothersarespeaking.
7)Ittookmealongtimetoget___________suchanunpleasantexperience.
(down,over,round,through,down,in,over)
ay赠送,泄露,出卖
giveout发出,疲劳,分发,公布
giveoff发出(光、热、气体)
givein(tosb.)屈服
giveup放弃,让(座位)
1)Hisaccentatlastgavehim__________.
2)Theliquidgave________astrongsmell.
3)Theheadmastergave___________thenamesoftheprize-winners.
4)Thesoldiersgave_________thetowntotheenemies.
5)Whowillhelpmetogivethebooks___________?
6)Don'tbelieveinthowhogivehisfriends________.
7)Afteralongwalk,mystrengthgave____________.
(away,off,out,up,out,away,out)
交上,提交
handout分发
handdown流传,遗传
out闲逛
hangup挂电话
ck阻止,隐瞒
holdup举起,使停顿
holdon别挂电话,等,坚持
holdout持续,坚持,伸出
holddown控制,镇压
1)I'msureheisholdingsomething_________.
2)Shemanagedtohold______ecried.
3)Tellhimtohold________amoment.I'llcomesoon.
4)Ourfoodsupplywon'thold_________formorethanafewdays.
5)Thetrainwasheld________asaresultofthefloods.
6)Themeasureshelpedtohold___________thecity'spopulation.
7)Hold___________yourleftarm,plea.
(back,back,on,out,up,down,up)
(courage,English,spirits)保持,
keepupwith跟上
keepoff(grass)不接近,离开
keepawayfrom避开,不接近,离…远远的
keepoutof
keepto(rules,promi)坚持,遵守
keepon继续,坚持下来
keepback阻止,留下,隐瞒,扣下
keepfrom克制,阻止
1)Theangryladytoldthestrangerstokeep________fromher.
2)Icanhardlykeep________mytearsafterhearinghiswords.
3)Onlypridekepther__________burstingintotears.
4)Icanscarcelykeep__________askinghimwhathehasdone.
5)"Don'ttouchme,"screamedthewoman,"Keep__________!"
6)Keep_________untilyousucceed.
7)Keep_________yourcourage,andyou'llsucceedintheend.
8)Thethickcoatcankeepthecold___________.
9)Alwaystrytokeep___________theruleswhenyouplayagame.
10)Ican'tkeep________witheverythingyou'redoing.
(away,back,from,from,off,on,up,out,to,up)
t/on敲
knockinto撞到某人身上
knockdown撞倒
knockoutof把…敲出
knockover撞倒
knockoff停止工作,休息
1)Theboxersoonknockedhisopponent_________.
2)Theofficestuffknocks_________atsixeveryday.
3)Tryknocking__________thewindowandeifthereisanyoneindoors.
4)Hewassoabsorbedinhisbookthatheknocked__________thecarparkedthere.
(down,off,on,into)
or离开前往
leaveout删去,遗漏
leavebehind遗留,忘记拿走
leaveto留给,遗嘱赠于
leaveover遗留,剩下,延期
1)"Whonamehasbeenleft__________?"demandedtheteacher.
2)Whenhedied,heleftallhisproperty_____hisniece.
3)Hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthisumbrella___________.
4)Don'tleavethismatter_________untiltomorrow.
5)Leavesomemeat___________fortomorrow.
6)Thoarequestionsleft_________byhistory.
(out,to,behind,over,over,over)
查找,向上看
lookthrough翻阅,浏览
lookon旁观
lookon…as看作
lookinto调查
lookafter/at/for照顾/看/寻找
lookout(for)当心
lookabout/around/round四下查看
lookdownupon瞧不起
lookbackupon回忆,回顾
own仔细打量某人
lookabintheface/eyes直视某人
1)Ispenttwohourslooking______thestudents'papers.
2)Look_______!Thereisabigholeinfront.
3)Hetookpartinthegame,andtherestofusjustlooked______andcheeredforhim.
4)Theoldmanlooked_____uponthedaysofhisyouth.
5)Shewassosnobbish(势利)thatshelooked__________uponallhisneighbours.
6)Thepolicepromidtolook__________thecaassoonaspossible.
7)Helooked__________butsawnobody,andhelistenedbuthearnothing.
(through,out,on,back,down,into,about/around/round)
编造,配制,打扮,组成
makeupfor弥补
makeinto/of/from制成
makeout弄懂,发现,看出,填写,开列(清单)
makefor走向,驶往,促使
1)Canyoumakethislengthofcloth__________asuit?
2)Iaskedthedriverifhewasmaking___________London?
3)Myfathermade__________acheckformetobuythecamera.
4)Wemustmaketheloss_________nextweek./Hetriedhardtomake________for
thedamagehehaddone.
5)Hemade__________astory,whichIfoundhardtobelieve.
6)Someoneiscoming,butIcan'tmake___________whoitis.
(into,for,out,up/up,up,out)
ay去世
passby经过
passdown(on)…to传给
passthrough经历
passover漠视,忽视
1)Theoldclockhasbeenpasd________tomefrommygrandfather'sgrandfather.
2)Themanpasd___________lastweekinpeace.
3)Wearepassing____________difficulttimes.
4)Thecretarypasd___________thedetailsinthefirstpartofhisreport.
(down,away,through,over)
k还钱,报复
payfor付钱,为…受到惩罚,因…得到报应
payoff还清
1)Howmuchdidyoupay__________thedictionary?
2)Youshouldpay_________themoneyyouborrowedfromme.
3)I'llpayhim____________forallhiscrimes(罪行)againstme.
4)Someday,you'llpay__________whatyouhavedonetoday.
5)Hasshepay____________thedebtyet?
(for,back,back,for,off)
拾起,获得(information),接人,站起,收听,自然习得(language
/knowledge),恢复重获(pickuphealth)
pickout挑选,辨认,看出
1)Ipickedtheinformation__________whilewaitinginthequeue.
2)Myfriendhasarrangedtopickme_________at6:00.
3)Thepatienthaspicked_________healthduringthelasttwoweeks.
4)Shepicked_______themostexpensivepairofshoes.
5)Ican'tpickJohn___________inthecrowd.
6)CanIpick__________VOAwiththisshort-waveradio?
7)Hefelldownsuddenly,butpickedhimlf___________quickly.
(up,up,up,out,out,up,up)
pickcotton/flower/leaves/words选词
搭起,张贴,举起,安装,投宿,安排住下
putupwith忍受
putout伸出,扑灭
putoff推迟
putinto放进,翻译
putaway放好,存钱
putdown记下,平息
puton穿戴,上映,增加(putonweight/speed)
putforward提出,提前
putthrough接通电话
putaside放到一边
putback放回
1)Heput_________halfhiswageeveryweek.
2)Thegovernmentsoonput__________therevolt(暴乱).
3)Putyourwatch__________.It'sslow.
4)Heput__________hishandformetoshake.
5).Pleaputme__________toExtension(分机)2.
6)Weput___________fornightatthevillageinn.
7)Heisveryproud,andheoftenput_________airs.(摆架子)
8)Wehadatelephoneput_____________inouroffice.
9)Ican'tput__________withyourlaziness.
(away,down,forward,out,through,up,on,up,up)
wn拆掉,推翻
pullon匆匆穿上/off脱
pullin进站
pullout取出,(火车)离站
pulldown往下拉,拆毁
pullover驶到一边
pullthrough恢复健康,渡过难关,脱离险境
pullup(使)停住
1)Thetrainslowlypulled__________anddisappearedinthedistance.
2)Alltheoldhousherehavenowbeenpulled______,andnewonesaretobebuilt.
3)Thecarpulled_________whenIblewthehorn.
4)Thedoctorthinksthemanwillpull__________.
5)Thedriverpulled________atthetrafficlights.
(out,down,over,through,up)
er推倒,刮倒
pushahead(on,forward)继续前进,坚持下去
pushthrough排除困难办好谋事,努力设法通过,挤过
1)We'vedecidedtopush__________withourplantobuildanewroad
2)Manytreeswerepushed__________inthehurricane.
3)Theyweredeterminedtopushthenewrules________atanycost..
4)Takecarenottopushthebaby_________.
5)Theypushed___________thecrowdandatlastreachedus.
(on,over,through,over,through)
oss偶然碰到
runafter追逐,追捕
runaway逃跑
runfor竞选
runinto偶然碰到(困难)遇见(人),相撞
runoutof用完
1)Ifyoudrivesofast,you'llrun_________someonesomeday.
2)Iran__________afriendofmineintheexhibition.
3)Ourwaterhasrun__________.Canyoufillupsomemorebottles?
4)Whydoyoualwaysrun__________adventure?
5)Hedidn'twanttorun___________presidentthatyear.
6)Inthatwayyouwillonlyrun__________difficulties.
(into,across/into,out,after,for,into)
送行
ethrough看透,识破
eto照料,照管
r派人去请
ndoff送行
ndout发出(光亮)等
ndup发射
建立
toff出发,触发,引起
tout动身,着手(todo),陈述
tabout开始着手(doing)
ttowork(n.)开始做
tback拨回,使推迟
1)Ishalltmywatch___________byfiveminutes.
2)Wet__________readingthetextaloudimmediatelythebellrang.
3)Wet_________atdaybreakyesterdayandwe'vebeentravellingeversincethen.
4)It__________toadvihimnottodrink.
5)Whatwerethereasonshet___________inhisreport?
6)Thepresidentt__________aspecialgroupofsoldierstoguardhim.
7)Theunpopularlawt_________ariesofprotests.(抗议)
(back,about,off/out,out,out,up,off)
f脱掉,起飞
takeon呈现雇佣
takeaway拿走
takein吸收,领会
takeup从事,占用(时间空间)
takedown记录,取下
takeback收回
takefor误认为
takealong随身带
takeover接管
takeout
1)Itake_________allIsaidabouthisdishonesty.
2)Hewenttotheshelfandtook__________abookofpoems.
3)AtfirstItookhim_________adoctor.
4)Icanethatmostofyouhavetaken________everythingthattheteachertaught.
5)Billhasnowtaken__________hisfather'sbusiness.
6)Myjobtakes__________mostofmytime.
7)Thebosstook____________twentypeopleforhisnewcompany.
(back,down,for,in,over,up,on)
takechargeof负责,nted想当然,takeholdof抓住,takepridein以………为自
豪,taketheplaceof,代替taketurnstodo轮流做,takeoffice就职
f想起
thinkof…as把…看作
thinkout想出
thinkup想出
thinkabout考虑
thinkover仔细考虑
thinkwellofsb.对某人看法好
f/on打开
turnover翻身,反复考虑,翻(书页),翻转
turnout证明为,结果,制造成品
turnto转向,求助
turndown调低,拒绝
turnagainst变得敌视,反对
turnaway打发走,驱逐,转过脸去
turnback返回,转回去
turnround转过身来
turnup向上翻,露面,出现,音量调大
turnin上缴
turnupsidedown把倒置,弄得乱七八糟
1)Thechildturned__________itsmotherforcomfort.
2)Turn___________andletmeeyourface.
3)Howevermuchheturnedtheproblem________inmind,hecouldfindnosatisfactorysolution.
4)TheEnglisheveningpartyturned_________agreatsuccess.
5)Thesightoftheaccidentwastoomuchforhertobear,andsheturned_______.
6)Thefootballstadiumwasfull,andmanypeoplehadtobeturned__________.
7)Thearmyturnedhim___________onaccountof(因为)hispoorhealth.
8)Sheturnedthewholehou___________inherarchforhermissingpur.
9)Wheredidyourpurturn____________?Ifounditinthesnow.
10)Thevillagerssuddenlyturned__________theforeignerswholivednearby.
11)Thefactoryturns____________2000newcarslastyear.
(to,round,over,out,away,away,down,upsidedown,up,against,out)
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