language exchange

英语语言学试题B卷及答案（

whichoneofthefourchoices

bestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA，B，CorDinthebrackets.

（1%×20=20%）

1)Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_______study.

onicB.

historic

onic

ptive

2）dtowhich“fall”and“autumn”belong

iscalled_____synonyms.

ational

3)Thentence“Johnlikesice-cream”contains________arguments.

4)Semanticscanbedefinedasthestudyof________.

g

ication

t

5)Oncethenotionof________wastakenintoconsideration，manticsspilledinto

pragmatics.

g

t

t

6)Ofthethreespeechacts，linguistsaremostinterestedinthe_______.

onaryactB.

perlocutionaryact

tionaryactD.

noneoftheabove

7)MostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCooperativePrinciplegiverito_____.

ncemeaningB.

speechacttheory

theabove

8)ThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakerto

convey______isliterallysaid.

an

an

easD.

noneoftheabove

9)Thegoalof______istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuamonga

varietyofspeechcommunitiesanddifferentsocialsituations.

linguisticsB.

sociolinguistics

llinguistics

10)BlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological，morphologicaland

syntacticsystemswhichare_______.

-governedB.

systematic

ary

ndB

11）Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyu，and

nottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior，itissaidtobe___.

iptiveB.

sociolinguistic

ptiveD.

psycholinguistic

12)Languageisasystemofarbitrary_________symbolsudforhumancommunication.

al

tional

d

13)Awordwithveralmeaningsiscalled_________.

rmalwordB.a

polymousword

theabove

14)ix“ed”intheword“learned”

isknownasa（n）__________.

morpheme

rm

15)Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare________innumber.

te

16)“Iboughtsomeros”__________“Iboughtsomeflowers”.

s

pos

nymouswith

17）Thephra“boysandgirls”belongstothe____________construction.

inate

tric

18)CanIborrowyourbike？"___"Youhaveabike."

nsistentwith

s

pos19）Ofallthespeechorgans，the___is/arethemostflexible.

ords

20）Chomskyustheterm_______torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageur’s

knowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.

ence

mance

whethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfal：（1%×15=15%）

1)Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsudforhumancommunication.

2)Thewritingsystemofalanguageisalwaysalaterinventionudtorecordspeech；thusthere

arestillmanylanguagesintoday’sworldthatcanonlybespoken，butnotwritten.

3)Theopen-classwordsincludeprepositions.

4)InclassifyingtheEnglishconsonantsandvowels，thesamecriteriacanbeapplied.

5)Accordingtomantictriangle，thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent，i.e.

betweenawordandathingitrefersto.

6)Syntacticcategoriesrefertontences（S）andclaus（C）only.

7)Bysynchronywemeantostudylanguagechangeanddevelopment.

8)TheICanalysisisnotabletoanalyzesplitverbslike“”.

9)Therelationshipof“flower”，“violet”，“ro”and“tulip”ishyponymy.

10)Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclodsyllable.

11)Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeech

community.

12)Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiedthentencespatternsofalanguage.

13)Humancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis，llbornwiththeabilityto

acquirelanguageandthedetailsofalanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted.

14)Onlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.

15)Sentencesarestringsofwordsputtogetherinarandomorder.

theblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword，thefirstletterof

atyouaretofillinONEwordonly，andyouarenot

allowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%×10=10%）

1)Themodernlinguisticsisd____________，notprescriptive，anditsinvestigationsare

badonauthenticandmainlyspokenlanguagedata.

2)M___________isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.

3)Languereferstothelanguagesystemsharedbyacommunityofspeakerwhilep________

contrastdwithlangueistheconcreteactofspeakinginactualsituationsbyanindividual

speaker..

4)Thetransformationalcomponenthastransformationalrules，whichchangethedeep

structuresgeneratedbythephrastructurecomponentintos________structure.

5)Inmantictriangle，therelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect，

anditismediatedbyc___________..

6)adeadistinctionbetweennarrowandb____________transcription.

7)Inthecooperativeprinciple，emaxim

ofquality，maximofquatity，maximofr__________andmaximofmanner.

8)ThestrongversionofSapir-Whorfhopothesisisthatlanguaged___________sour

thinkingpattern.

9)Therearetwomajorapproachestoerroranalysis：c____________andnon-contrastive

analysis.

10)P_________isthestudyoflanguageinu.

urunderstandingofthe

differentmeaningsofeachexpression.（2.5%×2=5%）

1)Smokingcigarisveryharmful.

2)Theboysawthemanwiththetelescope.

thefollowingquestionsinEnglish.（4%×5=20%）

1)Whatarethefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple？

2)Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage？

3)Whatarethedifferencesbetweenmodernlinguisticsandtraditionalgrammar？

4)Whydowesaythatameaningofantenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallits

components？

5)Whatdoyouknowaboutlinguistics.

参考答案

whichoneofthefourchoices

bestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA，B，CorDinthebrackets.（1%×20=20%）

1-5ABBBB6-10CCABD11-15CDBCC

16-20ABDCD

whethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfal：（1%×15=15%）

1）-5）：TTFFT6）-10）：FFTTF11）

-15）：FFFFF

theblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword，thefirstletterof

whichisalreadygivenasaclue.（1%×10=10%）

1）descriptive2）Morpheme3）parole

4）surface5）concept

6）broad7）relation8）determines

9）contrastive10）Pragmatics

urunderstanding

ofthedifferentmeaningsofeachntence.（2.5%×2=5%）

1）Thecigarthatissmokingisveryharmful.

Theactofsmokingthecigarisveryharmful.

2）Theboysawthemanwhohadatelescope.

Usingthetelescope，theboysawtheman.

thefollowingquestionsinEnglish.（4%×5=20%）

1）imofquantity

urcontributionasinformativeasrequired（forthecurrentpurpoofthe

exchange）.

akeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.

imofquality

aywhatyoubelievetobefal.

aythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.

imofrelationBerelevant.

imofmanner

mbiguity.

f（avoidunnecessaryprolixity）.rly.

2）Arbitrariness；Productivity；Duality；Displacement；Culturaltransmission；

3）sticsisdescriptive，notprescriptive

sticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary，notthewritten.

sticsdiffersfromtraditionalgrammarinthatitdoesnotforcelanguagesintoa

Latin-badframework.

4）Themeaningofantenceisnotthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents

becaui

example；

（A）Thedogbittheman.

（B）Themanbitthedog.

Ifthemeaningofantencewerethesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents，

theyaredifferentin

meanings.

Asweknow，therearetwoaspectstontencemeaning：grammaticalmean-ingand

mmaticalmeaningsof“thedog”and“theman”in（A）are

differentfromthegrammaticalmeaningsof“thedog”and“theman”in（B）.Themeaning

eproductofthe

meaningoftheconstituentwordsandofthegrammaticalconstructionsthatrelateoneword

syntagmaticallytoanother.

英语语言学试题A卷及答案（

thefollowinglinguisticterms：（2%×10=20%）

1）duality2）displacement

3）phonology

4）morphology5）concord6）endocentric

construction

7）hyponymy8）pragmatics9）illocutionary

force

10)erroranalysis

ation（0.5%×20=10%）

TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChine：（0.5%×10=5%）

1）affricate2）distinctivefeature3）

parole4）generativegrammar

5）bilingualism6）felicitycondition7）designfeature

8）denotation9）labiodental10）linguisticrelativity

TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish：（0.5%×10=5%）

11）人际功能12）真值条件13）女性

语域14）音节划分15）结构主义

16）社会语言学17）论元18）单元音

19）衔接20）对比分析

whichoneofthefourchoices

bestcompletesthestatementandputthecorrespondingletterA，B，CorDontheanswer

sheet.（1%×20=20%）

1）.languageisasystemofarbitrary_________symbolsudforhumancommunication.

al

tional

d

2）.Awordwithveralmeaningsiscalled_________.

emous

word

theabove

3）.ix“ed”intheword

“learned”isknownasa（n）__________.

rpheme

rm

4）.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguageare________innumber.

te

5）.“Ipickedsometulips.”__________“Ipickedsomeflowers.”.

sB.

presuppos

nymouswith

6）.Y'sutteranceinthefollowingconversationexchangeviolatesthemaximof__________.

X：Whowasthatyouwerewithlastnight？

Y：Didyouknowthatyouwerewearingoddsocks？

on

7）“CanIborrowyourbike？”_____“Youhaveabike.”

nsistentwith

s

pos8）Thestudyoflanguageatonepointoftimeisa_______study.

onicB.

historic

onicD.

descriptive

9）Whichofthefollowingisatypicaltonelanguage？

h

e

heabove

10）Twoallophonesofthesamephonemearesaidtobein___________.

mentary

distribution

the

above

11）Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation，thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethe

featureof_________.

12）TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby_______in1957.

y

ay

13）Whichofthefollowingisacorrectdescriptionofreference？

ionshipbetweenanexpressionandotherexpressionswhichhavethesame

meaning

ofallobjectswhichcanpotentiallybereferredtobyanexpression

ionshipbetweenaparticularobjectintheworldandanexpressionudinan

utterancetopickoutthatobject

a-linguisticrelationshipbetweenlexicalitems

14）Whatisfunctionofthentence“Howdoyoudo’？

ative

ive

15）Inthefollowingsounds，________isacentralvowel.

A./?/B./u/C./?/D.

/з/

16）Whichofthefollowinglanguageshasthesyllabicwritingsystem？

h

17）Whichdescriptionofthemeaningcomponentsoftheword“father”isright？

A.[+human，+adult，-male]B.[+human，-adult，

+male]

C.[–human，+adult，-male]D.[+human，+adult，+male]

18）Oncethenotionof________wastakenintoconsideration，manticsspilledinto

pragmatics.

g

t

t

19）BlackEnglishhasanumberofdistinctivefeaturesinitsphonological，morphological

andsyntacticsystemswhichare_______.

atic

ary

ndB

20）“Hotdog”withthefirstsyllablestresdmeans_________.

ffood

og

whethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfal：（15pts，1pointfor

each）

Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfal：（1%×15=15%）

1)Animalcallsystemsarenotgeneticallytransmitted.

2)y，“competence”istheactualrealizationofhisknowledgein

utterance.

3)Asyllablewithoutacodaisaclodsyllable.

4)Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeech

community.

5)Phonologyisabranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthentencespatternsofalanguage.

6)Languagesdifferintheirlectionofcontrastivesounds.

7)TheEnglishspellingexactlyreprentsitspronunciation.

8)Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithlossofgrammaticalitybelongto

thesamesyntacticcategory.

9)Accordingtomantictriangle，thereisnodirectlinkbetweenasymbolandreferent，i.e.

betweenawordandathingitrefersto.

10)Areferringexpressioncanbeudtorefertononexistentthings.

11)Allthegrammaticallywell-formedntencesaremanticallywell-formed.

12)Pragmaticsstudiestheaspectofmeaningthatisnotaccountedforbymantics.

13)Anillocutionaryactistheconquenceoforthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.

14)Socialdialects，orsociolects，arevarietiesoflanguageudbypeoplebelongingto

particularsocialclass.

15)Thestructuraltestsfocusonthecommunicativeandlinguisticcompetence.

theblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword，thefirstletterof

atyouaretofillinONEwordonly，andyouarenot

allowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%×10=10%）

1)Thethreebranchesofphoneticsarelabeledasa____________phonetics，auditory

phoneticsandacousticphoneticsrespectively.

2)Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyofspeechoverw_________.

3)S_________studiesthentencestructureoflanguage.

4)C____________analyisisbaduponthebeliefthatthemesningofawordcanbedivided

intomeaningcomponents.

5)Thenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”areh_____________.

6)adeadistinctionbetweennarrowandb_________transcription.

7)Lingisticsfoundthatitwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthe

c_________oflangaugeuwasleftunconsidered.

8)Interchangeabilitymeansthatanyhumanbeingcanbebothaproduceranda_______of

messages.

9)Languagemaydetermineourthinkingpatternandsimilaritybetweenlanguagesisrelative，

thegreatertheirstructurealdifferentiationis，themoredivertheirconceptualizationofthe

softenbeencalledtheSapir-Whorfh___________.

10)S______acttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthepragmaticstudyoflanguage.

urunderstanding

ofthedifferentmeaningsofeachntence.（2.5%×2=5%）

1)Flyingairplanescanbeverydangerous.

2)Theboysawthemanwiththetelescope.

thefollowingquestionsinEnglish.（4%×5=20%）

1)Whatfunctionsdoeslanguagehave？Givesomeexamples.（5points）

2)Statethedifferencesbetweenthentencemeaningandutterancemeaning.（5points）

3)WhyisSaussurehailedasthefatherofmodernlinguistics？（2.5points）

4)nhisSemantics？（3.5points）

5)Inwhatwaycanlinguisticscontributetotherearchinlanguagelearning？（4points）

参考答案

thefollowinglinguisticterms：（2%×10=20%）

1）duality：Thepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures，suchthattheunitsofthe

primarylevel

arecompodofelementsofthecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsown

principlesoforganization.

2）displacement：Itmeansthathumanlanguagenabletheirurstosymbolizeobjects，

eventsandconceptswhicharenotprentattheprentofcommunication.

3）phonology：Asubbranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesystemandpatternsofthe

speechsoundsandhowtheyworkandconveymeaninginthesystemoflanguage.

4）morphology：Asubbranchoflinguisticsthatisconcernedwiththeinternalorganization

ofwords.

5）concord：Therequirementthattheformsoftwoormorewordsinasyntactic

relationshipshouldagreewitheachotherintermsofsomecategories.

6）endocentricconstruction：Aconstructionwhodistributionisfunctionallyequivalentor

approachingequivalencetooneofitsconstituents.

7）hyponymy：Itreferstomeaninginclusiveness，thatis，thenrelationbetweena

moregeneral，moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.

8）pragmatics：Itreferstothestudyoflanguageinu.

9）illocutionaryforce：Itreferstothespeaker’smeaning，contextualmeaning，orextra

meaning.

11)erroranalysis：Itisthestudyandanalysisoferrorandisconfinedtothelanguage

learner.

atethefollowingterms：（0.5%×20=10%）

TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChine：（0.5%×10=5%）

1）塞擦音2）区别性特征3）言语4）生

成语法5）双语现象

6）适切条件7）结构特征8）外延9）唇齿音

10）语言相对论

TranslatethefollowingtermsintoEnglish：（0.5%×10=5%）

11）interpersonalfunction12）truthcondition13）womenregister14）

syllabification15）structuralism16）sociolinguistics17）

argument18）monophthong19）cohesion

20）contrastiveanalysis

whichoneofthefourchoices

bestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA，B，CorDinthebrackets.（1%×20=20%）

1-5DBCCA6-10CDABB11-15BBCBA

16-20BDBDB

whethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfal.（1%×15=15%）

1-5FFFFF6-10FFFTT11-15FTFTF

theblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword，thefirstletterof

whichisalreadygivenasaclue.（1%×10=10%）

1）articulatory2）writing3）syntax

4）contituent5）homograph

6）broad7）context8）receiver

9）hypothesis10）Speech

urunderstanding

ofthedifferentmeaningsofeachntence.（2.5%×2=5%）

1)Theairplanethatisflyingcanbeverydangerous.

Theactofflyingtheairplanecanbeverydangerous.

2)Theboysawthemanwhohadatelescope.

Usingthetelescope，theboysawtheman.

thefollowingquestionsinEnglish.（4%×5=20%）

6)（5points）Languagefunctionsincludeinformativefunction，interpersonalfunction，

performativefunction，emotivefunction，phaticcommunion，recreationalfunctionand

metalingualfunction.

Examples：omitted.

7)（5points）Themeaningofantenceisabstractandde-contextualized，whilethemeaning

ncemeaningisbadonntence

meaning；itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofantenceinarealsituationof

communication，orsimplyinacontext.

8)（2.5points）Saussurewasthefatherofmodernlinguisticsandhewasthefirsttonoticethe

unicateideas，

signsmustbepartofasystemofsigns，thatthesignistheunionof

ideasonthearbitrarynatureofsign，ontherelationalnatureoflinguisticunits，onthe

distinctionoflangueandparoleandofsynchronicanddiachroniclinguistics，

linguisticsintoabrandnewstage.

9)（3.5points）Conceptualmeaning；connotativemeaning；socialmeaning；affective

meaning；reflectedmeaning；collocativemeaning；thematicmeaning；

10)（4points）Linguisticscancontributetotherearchinlanguagelearningbyproviding

gelearning

rearc

questionsof“whattoteach”and“whattolearn”stics

s，applyinglinguistic

analysistothedescriptionofthelanguageproducedbylanguagelearnerscanalsofacilitateout

understandingofhowlearnersactuallylearnlanguage.