成人高考(专升本)英语
成人高考(专升本)英语
语音部分的考试要求
1.要求考生从所给的四个单词的画线部分中选出一个与其他三个读音不同的选项。
2.语音部分主要考核的是:
元音字母在单词中的读音;
辅音字母在单词中的读音;
常见字母组合的读音;
以及r音节的读音。
复习考试大纲要求
掌握下列语音规则,读音基本正确
1、元音字母在重读开音节、闭音节和r音节中的读音;
2、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音;
3、辅音字母在单词中的读音;
4、常见字母组合的读音。
第一节概念
一、开音节
以发音的元音字母结尾、以"元音字母+不发音的e"结尾、以"一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(r除外)+不发音的e"
结尾的音节都叫开音节。
如:no,be,note。
★发音的元音字母:a,e,i,o,u
二、闭音节
以"一个元音字母+一个或几个辅音字母(r除外)"结尾的音节叫闭音节。
如:map,plan,west。
三、r音节
以"元音字母+r"构成的音节叫r音节。
如:car,doctor,teacher,dirty,
词汇与语法
40个小题,共40分。
从2002,2003年的考题看,语法占20――25分。
第一节名词(null)
大纲要求掌握:
一、可数名词与不可数名词
二、可数名词的复数形式
三、名词的所有格
四、名词在句子中的作用
一、可数名词与不可数名词
名词分可数与不可数两种。
可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table,country。
或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如family,people,committee,police。
不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air,tea,furniture,water。
或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work,information,advice,happiness。
有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。
如room房间(可数),空间(不可数)
time时间(不可数),次数(可数)
fish鱼(不可数),各种各样的鱼(可数)
比较下列例句:
Therearenineroomsinthehou.(房间,可数名词)
Thereisn'tenoughroomforusthreeinthecar.(空间,不可数名词)
不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。
如:一块肉apieceofmeat
两条长面包twoloavesofbread
三件家具threearticlesoffurniture
一大笔钱alargesumofmoney
二、可数名词的复数形式
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下:
1.一般情况下在名词后加-s。如:girls,books。
★浊辅音、元音结尾,s发[z]
2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如:glass,boxes,matches,bushes。
★以s,x,ch,sh结尾,es发[iz]
3."辅音字母+y"结尾的词,变y为i再加-es。如:city-cities,country-countries。
4.以o结尾的词多数加-es。如:heroes,tomatoes,potatoes。
radios,zoos,photos,pianos,kilos例外。
5.f,fe结尾的词,多数变f,fe为v再加-es。如:thief-thieves,leaf-leaves,half-halves,life-lives,wife-wives,knife-knives。
少数名词有不规则的复数形式。如:man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,mou-mice。
★可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。
个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chines,Japane,sheep,deer。
三、名词的所有格
名词的所有格表示所属关系,起形容词的作用。
当名词表示有生命的东西时,所有格一般是在词尾加's。
如:Jean'sroom,mydaughter-in-law'sfriends,mydaughters-in-law'sfriends,children'sbooks。
如果名词已经有了复数词尾s,则只需加'。如:theteachers'books,myparents'car。
时间名词的所有格在后面加's,复数加'。如:today'snewspaper,fiveminutes'walk。
当名词表示无生命的东西时,所有格常由"of"短语构成。
如:thetopoftheworld,thecoverofthebook,China'scapital。
加's或'的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。
如:thegrocer's,thetailor's,theSmith's。
★名词所有格考试常见部分是
名词表示没有生命的东西时,不能直接在其后加's。
时间名词所有格在其后加's,或复数名词后直接加'。
四、名词在句子中的作用
名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语,有时可以作状语。
名词、代词或其他结构作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。
1.主语是可数名词单数时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。
AllroadsleadtoRome.(条条大路通罗马。)
Hisbrotherisanindustrialengineer.
Thenumberofthestudentsattendingthepartyisincreasing.
★thenumberof表示数量,无论后面名词是复数还是单数,谓语动词是单数形式。
Two-thirdsoftheshopbelongstome.
★two-thirds三分之二
几分之几作主语,谓语是单数形式。
belongto属于某人
BothofusarestudyingEnglish.
★总结:在名词作主语时,thenumberof谓语动词单数形式;
几分之几,谓语单数形式;
both谓语使用复数形式。
2、主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Allthemoneyhereceivedwasgiventohismother.
Forgettingthepastmeansbetrayal.
Whatwearetalkingnowisuless.
3.主语部分若有aswellas,with,togetherwith,like,but,except等短语,谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。
Mary,aswellashertwosisters,isastudentofthisschool.
(aswellashertwosisters作主语Mary的主语补足语,主语Mary是单数,所以谓语动词用复数形式)
Nooneexceptmyfriendsknowsanythingaboutit.
4.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时,如果当作整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。"…+(×)…=…"
算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。
Threetimestwoissix.
Threekilometersis3,ooometres.(threekilometers作为整体来看)
5.Either,neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
NeitherofushasbeentoItaly.
HaitherofthembeentoShanghai?
none代表可数的人或东西时,谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,代表不可数的东西时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Noneofthestudentshave/hasenthefilm.
Noneofthemoneybelongstome.
6.主语由either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso连接时,谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。
NotonlyyoubutalsoIamwrong.
NeithermyauntnorIamgoingoutthisafternoon.
Eitheryouorsheistodothework.
7.主语中有and,如果表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数。
Thebreadandbutterisnice.
8.主语前有manya,morethanone修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Manyabookhasbeenreadbythestudents.
★manyabook=manybooks
MorethanonepersonhasbeentotheGreatWall.
9.集合名词作主语,当作整体看待时,谓语动词用单数形式,当作每个独立的个体看待时,谓语动词用复数。
Thecommitteemeetsonceayear.(作为整体)
Thecommitteearehavingameetingnow.(作为独立个体)
People,police作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Thepolicehavecometoarresthim.
名词部分考试重点
1、可数名词与不可数名词里,哪几个词是不可数名词。
2、可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式,单、复数相同的名词。
3、名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加's,复数加'。
4、名词在句中的作用,重点掌握刚才的9点。
考点测试
1.Tendays______n'tneedanymore.
n
tendays作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数形式。(注意时态)
答案A
,manypeopleuthewordMsinsteadofMissorMrs,forexample,beforethenamesof______inbusinessletters.
anagers
names是复数形式,其后的名词肯定是复数。
两个名词变为复数,两个都要变。
答案D
berofstudentswhofailedthechemistryexamination_____tofifteen.
reasing
thenumberof谓语动词用单数。
答案B
rJohnnorhisfather_______abletowakeupearlyenoughtocatchthemorningtrain.
en
neither...nor谓语动词跟相邻的主语一致。
答案A
miight_______long.
foot英尺,复数形式feet
答案C
tumncomes,the______oftreesbegintofall.
leaf的复数形式leaves
答案C
odhasdone_____tothisarea.
ng
ythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher______atthemeeting.
nprented
notonly...butalso谓语动词与相邻名词一致。
prent呈现,介绍
答案A
hethingsshewroteabout______lifeonasmallfarmatthebeginningofthecentury.
oneof谓语用单数。
答案B
outoneoutoftwelveoftheyoungmenandwomenofthiscountry_____collegeeducation.
enreceived
oneoutof谓语用单数形式。
答案B
efore______somanypeoplebeenengagedinproducinggoodsjustforthecomfortofman.
neverbefore开头,句子倒装。
主语somanypeople为复数。
engageindoingsth.忙于做某事。
答案B
usstop_______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytoNorthCarolina.
dwaits
主语asoldierandtwoyoungpeople为复数
答案A
______thelastpieceofcakeandthelastspoonfuloficecream.
e
主语thelastpieceofcakeandthelastspoonfuloficecream复数
答案B
,andnotI,________chontobethereprentativeoftheclass.
en
主语
答案A
cher,aswellasanumberofstudents,_______toattendtheparty.
ked
谓语动词与aswellas前面的名词一致。
答案C
tesstogetherwiththeguestsofhonor________comfortablyinthelivingroom.
ating
谓语与togetherwith前的名词一致
beated就坐
Pleabeatedladiesandgentlmen.
Seattheboynexttohisbrother.
答案A
her,ratherthanthebrothers,_______responsiblefortheaccident.
主语thefather,单数
beresponsiblefor对……负责
答案A
CarolorGrace______totheconcert,butoneofthemhastostayhome.
me
either...or谓语动词与临近主语一致。
答案A
alamountofmoney______100dollars.
money不可数名词,谓语动词单数。
答案A
uantitiesoffish_____onhighas.
hing
quantities复数形式
答案B
oftheyoungladies_____perfectlyqualifiedtoteachGreekandLatin.
either打头,谓语动词单数。
答案A
studiedyourreportcarefully,Iamconvincedthatneitherofyoursolutions_____correct.
neither两者都不,谓语动词单数。
答案B
countrieachofthecitizens______todecidegovernmentpolicies.
ed
each每一个,谓语动词单数。
答案A
added_____tothemedcinetomaketheeaforthechildtotake.
suger不可数名词
答案A
takemedcine吃药
25."Ilikeyourfurnitureverymuch."
"ht____inBeijing."
it
furniture不可数名词
答案D
uptlastnightbecauhehadtodotoo______.
mework
homework不可数名词
答案D
27.I'mgoingawayfora______.
'sholiday
表示时间的名词所有格可以在其后加's。
答案D
第二节冠词(1-4~2-2)
大纲要求:
1、不定冠词的基本用法
2、定冠词的基本用法
3、不加冠词的基本规则以及冠词的习惯用法
冠词是一种虚词,只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不冠词(a或an)两类,定冠词表示特指,不定冠词表示泛指。
a用于读音以辅音开头的词前面,an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。
如:auniversity,aufulbook,anumbrella,ahor,anhonestman。
一、不定冠词的基本用法
1.表示"一"的含义。
Givemeapenplea.
Wegoshoppingtwiceaweek.
2.泛指某个人或东西。
YesterdaywevisitedanEnglishcondaryschool.
Shepickedupamagazineandbegantoread.
3.表示一类人或东西。
Heworksasalanguageteacherinthatuniversity.
Asawriter,heissuccessful.
Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.
可数名词单数出现,泛指用不定冠词,特指用定冠词。一个可数名词的单数不能自己单独出现。
二、定冠词的基本用法
1.表示特定的人或东西。
Givemethemagazine.
Haveyoudecidedonthepricesyet?
ThebookonthetableisanEnglishdictionary.
BeijingisthecapitalofChina.
2.复述前文提到的人或东西。
Lastweek,misaboutalovestorybetweentwomiddle-agedpeople.
intothehouandfoundabeautifulgirlsittingthereandsinging.
3.用于形容词前面,代表一类人或东西。
thepoor穷人therich富人thewounded受伤的人
thesick生病的人thebeautiful美丽的事物theold老年人
theyoung年青人
4.用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。
themoon,thesun,theearth
Themoonmovesaroudtheearth.
Wehavefriendsallovertheworld.
Don'tbuildcastlesintheair.
5.用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面,副词最高级前面的the可以省略。
Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Thesunrisintheeast.
JapanliestotheeastofChina.
BeijingliesinthenorthofChina.
IrelandliesontheGreatBritain.
AttheChildren'sPalace,somechildrenlearntoplaythepiano,otherslearntoplaytheviolin.
Lastweekwewenttothetheatre.
AmongthethreegirlsshespeaksEnglishthebest.
"东、南、西、北"作副词时,前面不加冠词。
Wearewalkingsouth.
形容词最高级前若有物主代词,就不加定冠词。
Mondayismybusiestday.
6.用于姓氏的复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇俩。
TheLiushavemovedtoGuangzhou.
TheSimthscametoChinaforvisitin1996.
7.不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词,但若有限制性定语修饰,或表示特定部分、特定内容时,前面需加定冠词。
Drinksomewater.
Isthewaterinthewellfitfordrink?
Whatdoyouthinkofthemusic?
Hecan'ttaketheadvicehismothergiveshim.
三、不加冠词的基本规则
1.季节、月份、日期前一般不加冠词。
Ifwintercomescanspringbefarbehind?
WehavefewclassonSunday.
10.1isNationalDay.
2.表示球类、棋类、三顿饭的名词前通常不加冠词,但乐器前需加定冠词。
Whatdidyouhaveforlunch?
Dinnerisready.
Let'sgoandwatchthemplaychess.
Myelderbrotherlikestoplayfootball.
Theboysarelearnigtoplaytheguitar.
playthepiano
playtheviolin
3.有些固定词组中的名词前不加冠词。
atnoonatnightatdawnatmidnightinthemorning
intheafternoonintheeveninginthedaytimeintown
infrontof(atthebackof)atdistance(inthedistance)
asawholeonthewholetocatchcoldtohaveacold
冠词考试重点
冠词所占比例不大,一般是1分或2分。
1、什么时候加定冠词。
2、可数名词单数出现,必须用a或an或定冠词修饰,不能单独出现。
3、什么情况下,不用加冠词。
冠词易考:
1、冠词修饰名词。
Pleago_____upstairsafteryouhavefinishedthelunch.
upstairs是副词,前面不需要加冠词。
2、可数名词单数泛指,前面加不定冠词。an用于读音以元音开头的单词前。
ReadingEnglishstorybooksisagoodwayofimprovingyourEnglish.
Ihavebeenwaitingforhimforhalfanhour.
3、名词特指时,前面加定冠词。
HeinjoyinghisstayinDenmark,buthassomedifficultywiththelanguage.
Isthewaterfromthetapfitfordrink?
4、可数名词的复数和不可数名词泛指,前面不加冠词;大部分专有名词前也不加冠词。
Asweknow,themostdangerounemiesarethowhopretendtobefriends.
Theyleftforworkaftersupper.
ThefilmincludessomerecentlydiscoverednewsreelsofWorldWarII.(theSencondWorldWar)
5、冠词在固定词组中的特定用法。
WithoutanynewsfromTomforalongtime,hisfatherleftforShanghaitoehim.
Theywilltravelbyair.
Iwillhelpyouforthesakeofyoursister.(forthesakeof因为)
Iwillgotoschoolonfoot.
Mymotherisinhospital.
Hehasbeeninprisonfortwoyears.
典型例题
1.______filmincludessomerecentlydiscoverednewsreelsof_______WorldWarII.
;theB.A;;/D.A;/
WorldWarII是专有名词
答案:C
play_____?
no
答案:D
3."You'vebeenverybusylately."
"SobusyIhaven's_____whereveryoulook."
dust是不可数名词
答案:A
tion?Takethecondturning_______.
eft,thengostraighton
,eft,thengorightforward
ontheleft在左边
答案:B
erusuallyhas_____bed.
astin
astinthe
inbed躺在床上
答案:B
inthebed在床里面
ethemoneyandtheyputhim_________.
rison
inprison进监狱
答案:C
Sundays,fewerpeoplegoto______churchthanbefore.
./
gotochurch去教堂gotoschool去学校gotobed上床睡觉gotocollege去大学
答案:C
8._________lookmuchalike.
'thsisters
表示一家人,前面加the
答案D
第三节代词(2-2~3-3)
包括
人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。
一、人称代词
人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分,在句子中可以作主语和宾
语。英语中有下列人称代词:
在并列的主语或宾语中,I或me通常放在后面。如:
LipingandIareinchargeofthework.
Myfartherasksmysisterandmetohavedinnerwithhimtomorrow.
二、物主代词
物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语,名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、
表语、定语(接在of后面)。英语中有下列物主代词:
名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如:
Mybagisyellow,his(hisbag)isblackandtheirs(theirbags)arebrown.
三、反身代词
英语中有下列反身代词:
反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如:
Pleahelpyourlftosometea.(宾语)
Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimlf.(宾语)
I'llbemylfagaininnotime.(表语)
Thedeskitlfisnotsoheavy.(同位语)
Ifixedthedoormylf.(同位语)
四、指示代词
指示代词包括this,that,the,tho和such,在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等(such不作宾语)。
that和tho有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数,以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用theone或
thatone来代替。用theone的时候更多一些。如:
Themachinesarebetterthanthoweturnedoutlastyear.生产
Theoiloutputofthisyearismuchhigherthanthatoflastyear.产量
ThebestwineisthatfromFrance.
Myroomislighterthantheonenextdoor.
I'lltaketheatnexttotheonebythewindow.
Thefilmismorefunnythanthatone.
that可以指上面提到的事情,this指下面要谈的事情。如:
'stheirtrouble.
'swhyshewasabnt.
Iwanttoknowthis:Howmuchmoneywehaveleft?
WhatIwanttosayisthis:PronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.
this和that有时还可以用来表示程度。如:
Idon'twantthatmuch.
Heisnotthatwi.
Thebookisaboutthisthick.
五.疑问代词
疑问代词包括what,which,who,whom,who,可以用来构成特殊疑问句,也可以引导名词从句。What,which,who
在句子中作主语或宾语,whom作宾语,who作定语。如:
Whoisspeaking?(主语)
Whichdoyouprefer,theyellowoneorthewhiteone?(宾语)
What'syoursister?(表语)
Themanwhoistalkingwithmymotherisanengineer.(引导定从句)
Theoldmanwhosonisstudyingabroadisourformaldeanofthedepartment.(引导定从句)
ThisistheplanewhichwillflytoWuhanthisafternoon.(引导定从句)
Idon'trememberwhomIhavelentmydictionaryto.(引导宾语从句)
疑问代词what,which,who,whom后面可以加ever来加重语气。如:
Whoevercanbecallingatthistimeofthenight?谁这么深更半夜来找人?
I'llsaywhatevercomesintomyhead.
Takewhicheverbookyoulike.
六.不定代词
不定代词包括both,either,neither,all,none,no,one,each,every,few,afew,little,alittle,many,much,some,any,other,
another,以及some,any,no,every构成的合成代词。
(一)both,either,neither
both表示"两者(都)",either表示"(两者之中)任何一个",neither表示"(两者之中)没有一个"。三个词在句
子中都可以作主语、宾语、定语,both还可以作同位语。
Mysisterisgoodatplanninghertimesothatshealwayshanoughtimeforbothworkandplay.(begoodat擅长做某事)
Neitheroftheanswersisright.
Eitherofthebooksbelongstoyou.
YouandIarebothtoblame.
Youbothagreedtostay.
Both放在实意动词前,系动词be的后面。
(二)all,none,no,one
all和none用于三者以上的场合,分别表示"全部都"和"一个都没有",none往往与of连用。
Allofusarefondofsports.(befondof爱好)
Weareallforhim.(beforsb支持某人)
Graspall,loall.什么都抓,什么都抓不住。(谚)
Noneofthemknowhowtoreadandwrite.
Afriendtoallisafriendtonone.滥交者无友。(谚)
Noneofusareperfect.
Noneofthemhashadthatkindofexperience.
no表示"没有",在句子中只能作定语,相当于nota或notany,not否定动词,no否定名词。
Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不等人。(谚)
Nomanisbornwi.没有人是生来聪明的。(谚)
I'mnodancer.(I'mnotadancer.)
one指代上文提到的人或物,前面可以加定冠词,可以有自己的定语,还可以有复数形式。
Youranswerisagoodone.
Idon'hiteones.
Ihaven'tgotaraincoat.I'llhavetobuyone.
(三)each,every
each和every表示"每一个",every在句子中只能作定语,each可以作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。
Theheadmastershookhandswitheachoftheteacher.(shakehandswith握手)
Thestudentstrytotasidealittlemoneyeachmonth.(taside节约)
Fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohisneeds(work).各尽所能,按需分配。
Ihaveeveryreasontobelievethatshecanfinishthejobwell.
Thereiverypossibilityofourwinningthegame.
every还常用在everylittlewhile(每隔一会),everyotherday,everythreedays(每隔两天),everytenmiles(每隔十英
里),everynowandthen(不时),everyfouryears,everyotherline,oneoutofeverythreestudents.
(四)few,afew,little,alittle,many,much
few,afew,many修饰或指代可数名词,little,alittle,much修饰或指代不可数名词。few,little表示否定,afew,a
little表示肯定,much常用于否定句中。
Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多好办事。(谚)
Fewwordsarebest.话少最好。(谚)
Theydon’ttakemuchinterestinit.
Iknowlittleaboutit.
There’salittlewaterleftinthejar.
FewofthemhavebeentoIndia.
I’vereadafewbookswrittenbyDickens.
(五)other,theother,others,theothers,another
泛指特指充当名词单数充当名词复数充当形容词
other√√
theother√√(表示两者当中的另外一个)√
others√√
theothers√√
another√√√
hemwerefromJapan,theothersfromAmerica.
refromJapan,otherswerefromAmerica.
TheUnitedStates,unlikemanyothercountries,receivesalargenumberofimmigrantveryyearfromallovertheworld.
Thetwinsistersaresoalikethatwefinditdifficulttotellonefromtheother.(so……that如此以至于区分)
Somestudentsarewateringtheflowers,othersareweedingthefields.
Thetaskwillbefinishedinanotherthreedays.
outtheothers?
Pleagivemeanotherexampletoillustrateyourpoint.
ormymother,anotherisformyfatherandthethirdisforme.
七、it的用法
1.指代一个人或事物。
It'sonlyafifteen-minuteridetomyschool.
ItoftenrainsinthesouthofChina.
"Who'sthat?""It'sLiming."
It'arlyspring.
2.作句子的形式主语,代替不定式、动名词或从句。
Ittookmefiveminutestofinishreadingtheexerci.
Itcostmefiveyuantobuythepen.
ThecolorTVtcostsmemorethan2,000yuan.
Ispenttenhoursinfinishingthework.
Ispenttwentyyuanontheshirt.
'dbetterstudyhardnow.(itisnoudoingsth.)
Tohissurpri,itturnedoutthatTomfailedtheentranceexamination.(toone'ssurpri使某人感到惊奇)
It'sapitythatyoudidn'twatchthematch.
Itisnecessaryforustohavesomeexercieveryday.
3.作句子的形式宾语,代替不定式、动名词或从句。
Theyallregardittheirdutytohelpthepoorpeople.
Idon'tthinkitworthwhiletakingsomuchtrouble.(It'sworthwhiledoing.做……事是值得的)
WefinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwithoutpracticing.
Ithinkitnoutellingthem.
Idon'tthinkitveryimportantthatweshouldtakepartinthediscussion.(takepartin参加)
Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.
4.构成强调句型。当强调的部分是主语,并且主语是人时,句型中的that也可以换作who。
强调句基本构成itisthat…
Itisintheroomthatwemeteachotherforthefirsttime.
Itwasnotuntil1936thatbasketballbecameapartoftheOlympicGames.(notuntil直到……才)
Itwastheywhoattendedthemeetinglastweek.
ItisbecauthebookissoufulformyworkthatIboughtit.
考试重点
that和tho有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数,以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用theone或
thatone来代替。that可以指上面提到的事情,this指下面要谈的事情。
不定代词中,both放在实意动词前,系动词be的后面。every只能跟名词,each可以跟名词也可以不跟名词。every
在代词部分要出现当每隔……讲。
few,afew,many修饰或指代可数名词,little,alittle,much修饰或指代不可数名词。few,little表示否定。
onetheother,someothers,theothers
it用法重点就是强调句。it作为形式宾语时不接is。
代词部分的难点之一是名词型物主代词与形容词型物主代词的区别。顾名思义,形容词型物主代词起的是形容词的作用,
在句子中只能作定语,名词型物主代词起的是名词的作用,代替上文出现的名词,在句子中一般作主语、宾语、表语等。
Let'scleantheirroomfirstand______later.
(答案为D,ours相当于ourroom。)
代词部分的主要考核点是不定代词。如some,any,few,afew,little,alittle,many,much,one,none,all,both,either,neither,
each,every,other,another,以及some,any,no,every与body,one,thing构成的合成代词。
(1)泛指与特指。如:another,other,others是泛指,theother,theothers是特指。
(2)肯定与否定。如:afew,alittle,either,some及其合成代词表示肯定,few,little,none,neither,any及其合成代
词表示否定。
(3)可数与不可数。如:few,afew,many,one修饰或指代可数名词,little,alittle,much修饰或指代不可数名词。
代词部分的另一个考核点是it。
it可以代替上文出现的单数事物。
Thepicturewaschangedwhiledrawnfrommemoryasitpasdthroughtheclass.(it指代thepicture。)
metodosth.花费某人多长时间做某事
Ittakeshalfanhourorsotowalktothebusstop.
Hemadeitplainthathewasannoyedwithme.
it还可以构成强调句型,即"Itis/was+被强调的部分+that…"。当强调的部分是人,并且是主语时,that可以换成who。
强调句去掉itis/was与that即成为普通的句子。
ItwaslastnightthatIsawyouintherestaurant.
Itwasshewho/thatsuggestedthathegotoNewYorkinordertogetadirectflight.
典型例题
1."Howoftendoyoutakethemedicine?"
"______fourhours."
答案C
2."Isthisbikeyours?"
"No,it's______."
''
答案C
3."Isthere______goodonTVthivening?"
"Sorry,nothinggood."
hing
肯定句中用something,否定句和疑问句中用anything。
答案C
eagoodsuggestion,butit'snotaspracticalas_______.
答案C
stprepareshixperimentscarefullybeforetryingtocarry_____inhislab.
m
carryout实施宾格放在词组中间,名词放在词组后面。如,carryouthixperiments
答案C
ys_____whymanycompanieshavedevelopedspecialfoodstohelp
peopletoslim(苗条).
enjoydoingsth.
anybody在疑问句和否定句中指没有人,在肯定句中指任何人。
答案D
etohurryupifyouwanttobuyeggsbecauthere'shardly_____left.
hing
hardly否定词,几乎不的意思。
答案A
badbecauhehaddrunktoo_____thenightbefore.
本题主要考查可数名词和不可数名词。
drinktoomuch喝多了
toomuchwine太多的酒
答案B
midherparentstowrite_______whileshewasaway.
erday
everyother每隔……
答案C
ngerwaskilled,and_____wasbadlyhurt.
er
heothers后面谓语动词接复数。
答案D
oplehopetobemoresuccessfulwhile_____simplywanttofeelmorecomfortable.
r
someothers
comfortable舒适的
答案B
nehappenstocallwhileIamoutoftheoffice,pleahave________leaveamessageforme.
.让某人做某事
答案B
stthingthatmybrotherand_______didintheearlymorningwastogoouttoethepony.
pony小马
主语firstthing,谓语动词wastogoouttoe,宾语thepony。
答案A
14."I'dlikesomemorebananas."
"I'msorry,thereis_______left."
答案D
retwowindowsinthisbedroom._______ofthemfacesouth,overlookingabeautifulpark.
either开头谓语动词要接单数,both谓语动词用复数。
答案A
ketdoesn'tfitTerry,ashehas_______hugebodyandthejacketis_____small.
;;so
;;sucha
such修饰名词,so修饰形容词。
sohugethebody
答案B
17."Whyareyousmiling?"
"Oh,I'vejustthoughtof_________."
ingfunny
nything
形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词的后面。
不定代词:something,anything,somebody,anybody,nothing,nobody。
答案B
abiescanu_________handequallywell.
强调两者之中任何一个
答案A
19._______roadoutoftownisgood,butthisoneisbetterthantheother.
r
答案D
20."Ifeltabithungry."
"Whydon'tyouhave______bread?"
习语Whydon'tyouhavesome……
答案B
tthemusichall_______wemeteachotherforthefirsttime.
强调句
答案D
technologyhasmade______possibleforthewholeworldtobeclorthaneverbefore.
's
itispossible……是可能的
答案C
ringhissparetime_______JohnhasbeenstudyingacourinFrench.
itis……强调句
答案B
24."HaveyouheardthenewsaboutTom?"
"No,what_______?"
news当消息讲是不可数名词
答案D
rwhy________possibleforyoutodotheworkbyyourlf.
'e
Iwonderwhy宾语从句
答案C
26."DidAmy'sparentsleaveheranymoney?"
"No,shehastosupport______now."
wn
supportonelf养活自己
答案A
_____ownway,mathematicscanbeascreativeandexcitingaspoetry.
mathematics数学(单数)
答案B
orsoughttorespect_______.
other
答案B
rnitureisdifferentfrom_______.
furniture是不可数名词,
答案D
______interestedinnature,thecluboffershikesandovernightcampingeachweekduringthesummer.
hike徒步旅行,overnightcampinng在野外露营
答案D
31."MayIhelpyouwithsomeshoes,sir?"
"Yes,I'dliketotryonthobrown_______."
shoes是复数,对应ones
tryon试穿
答案B
32."DoyoulikethebookSidneygaveyou?"
"'xactly_______Iwanted."
t
下文提到上文提到的单数可数名词,用theone
答案B
33."ShallImailtheletterforyou?"
"Yes,I'dappreciate________."
指代前面提到的事,用it。
答案D
ientchieflylivedonmilkandfruitbecauhehad______toeat.
gother
修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词的后面。
liveon以……为生
答案A
35.________doesn'tmatterwhatyoudoatthispoint.
itdoesn'tmatter没关系
答案D
haveproved_________tobetruethattheheatwegetfromcoalandoilcomesfromthesun.
./
it是形式宾语,that从句是真正的宾语。
答案B
'tthink________possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.
答案A
38."Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?"
"No,______onlythetwopasngerswhogothurt."
as
强调句
答案A
39.__________herealizeditwastoolatetoreturnhome.
itgrewdarkwhen
lyitgrewdarkwhen
nosonnerthan=assoonas一……就……
scarcelywhen=assoonas
hardlywhen=assoonas
答案C
otuntilshearrivedinclass________realizedshehadforgottenherbook.
e
notuntil直到……才
答案D
______whoarrivedtherefirst,despiteourdetour(绕路).
答案B
_______thenextmorningthatKuntabegantothinkaboutwherehewasgoing.
il
after在……之后
before在……之前
when当……时候
notuntil直到……才
答案D
_______hegotamapthathestartedonhisaway.
l
until直到
till直到
notuntil直到……才
答案C
第四节数词(3-3~4-1)
大纲要求
基数词及其用法;序数词的构成及其用法;分数词的构成;小数的用法。
一、基数词及其主要用法
表示数目的词称基数词。15fifteen,几百几千不加s,242twohundredandforty-two,5058fivethousandandfifty-eight,
9,600,000ninemillionsixhundredthousand
1.基数词可以用于数字的计算。
6+8=14Sixpluightisfourteen.
9-7=2Nineminusvenistwo.
7X5=35Seventimesfiveisthirty-five.
8÷4=2Eightdividedbyfouristwo.
2.基数词可以表示人的大致年龄和年代。
Hediedinhisfifties.
Thistookplacein1990s/1990's.
Theprofessorbecamesuccessfulinhisthirties.
3.基数词可以用来表达年份、时间、电话号码。
1700venteenhundred
1814eighteenfourteen
9:20ninetwenty
11:30eleventhirty/halfpasteleven
5:45fiveforty-five/aquartertosix
88760231eighteightven,sixzerotwo,threeone
4.基数词可以用于编号。
Numbersix,line4,page19,Bus(No.)332,Platform(No.)5,Room101
5.基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词,在句子中作定语。
Aone-month-oldbabycanrecognizeitsmotherbysmell.
Thileven-month-oldbabycanspeakafewwords.
(Thebabyilevenmonthsold.)
Theteacheraskedustowriteafour-thousand-wordessayasourhomework.
(Therearefourthousandwordsintheessay.)
Thisfour-paragraphessayistoodifficultformetounderstand.
(Therearefourparagraphsinthissay.)
二、序数词及其主要用法
表示顺序的词称为序数词。如first,cond,third,fourth,ninth,twenty-first,forty-fifth等。
序数词可以用来表示日期和世纪。Maythefirst/thefirstofMay(5.1),Augusttheeighth/theeighthofAugust(8.8),the
twentiethcentury,thetwenty-firstcentury
序数词在句子中前面一般加the
ThefirstofOctoberisourNationalDay.
Shewasthethirdtoarrive.
序数词在句子中前面加不定冠词,表示"再一""又一"。
They'llhavetodoitacondtime.
ShallIaskhimathirdtime?
Whenhesatdown,afourthmanrotoask.
三、分数词的构成
分数的分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,若分子大于1,分母需用复数。
two-thirds(2/3),one-third(1/3),nine-tenths(9/10),five-twelfths(5/12)。
特殊表达法有:onehalf(1/2),aquarter(1/4),threequarters(3/4)。
考试重点
基数词可以和其他词一起构成合成形容词,在句子中作定语,名词不能加s。
数词部分需特别注意dozen,hundred,million,billion等词。表示具体数字时,这些词用单数形式,表示不具体的数
字时,须用dozensof,hundredsof这类的结构。
Iwantthreedozenofthe.
Hehasbeentheredozensoftimes.
Itisreportedthat_____peopleinthisareaweresavedinthestorm.
ndreds
(答案C)
当数词与名词及其他词构成合成形容词时,合成形容词中间若用连字符,则其中的名词须用单数形式。
Thehomeworkforthenextperiodistowriteatwo-hundred-wordcompositionaboutyourhometown.
Maryisaeleven-year-oldgirl.
(Maryilevenyearsold.)
典型例题
______centurycomputerswillbeudmorewidely.
nty-first
序数词前加the。
答案D
tingwillbeheldin_______.
m112
答案B
atWallofChinaisabout6,700_______.
terslong
terslonger
答案B
4."HowmanypresidentsweretherebeforeAbrahamLincoln?"
"Fifteen,sohewas______."
teenthpresident
entthesixteenth
thesixteenthpresident第十六任总统
答案B
5.“Whatdidtheprofessortellyoutodo?”
“Ihadtowritea______report.”
-thousands-word
-thousandwords
答案C
6.“Didyoubuyanythingattheclothingsale?”
“Yes,Iboughtthree_____tiesforjusttwelvedollars.”
ollar
答案C
inusthree_______five.
t
一般现在时
答案B
teisit?It’s________.
etwenty-first
ndC
7月21日:Julythetwenty-first
thetwenty-firstofJuly
答案:D
wasinhis________,hegotthechancetogoabroadtostudy.
’s
’s
答案:D
10.“Rextoldmeyouhavemoved.”
“Yes,intoa_______.”
ftwostory
-storieshou
答案:A
11.“Iwouldliketoregisterthisletter.”
“Pleagoto_______onyourleft.”
third
rdwindow
register挂号,邮寄
答案:D
第五节形容词与副词(4-1~5-2)
大纲要求:
形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。
一、形容词在句子中的作用
1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
Agoodboymustbehavehimlf.好孩子应当行为规矩。(定语)
Ilikethisreddressverymuch.(定语)
Sheisbeautiful.(表语)
Thepatientisasleep.(表语)
Whohasgotthewindowopen?(宾语补足语)
I'vegoteverythingreadyfortheclass.(宾语补足语)
Isaiditwouldhappen,andsureenoughitdidhappen.(独立成分)
2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语,但有少数形容词只能作表语。
ssisred.
alike,afraid,alone,asleep,awake,aware,alive,ashamed,unable,content.
二、副词在句子中的作用
副词在句子中主要作状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词,有时修饰整个句子。
Unfortunately,hewasn'tathomewhenIcame.(修饰整个句子)
Luckily,shewasn'tinjuredintheaccident.(修饰整个句子)
Herpronunciationisverygood.(修饰形容词)
Ihavebeenextremelybusythedays.(修饰形容词)
Icanhardlyagreewithyou.(修饰动词)
Heworksterribly(quite)hard.(修饰副词)
三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er,-est.
如:small,smaller,smallest;great,greater,greatest;clever,cleverer,cleverest;quiet,quieter,quietest;common,commoner,
commonest;narrow,narrower,narrowest。
2、以e结尾的词加-r,-st。
如:larger,larger,largest;simple,simpler,simplest;polite,politer,politest;brave,braver,bravest;fine,finer,finest。
3、以"辅音字母+y"结尾的词,变y为i再加-er,-est。
如:busy,busier,busiest;heavy,heavier,heaviest;happy,happier,happiest.
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词,双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-est。(一个辅音字母结尾;重读闭音节)
如:big,bigger,biggest;thin,thinner,thinnest;hot,hotter,hottest。
双音节词,多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more,most。
如:difficult,moredifficult,mostdifficult,interesting,moreinteresting,mostinteresting;uful,moreuful,mostuful。
特殊的比较级和最高级
四、形容词和副词比较级的用法
1、比较级常与than引导的状语从句连用,表示与什么相比。
Thisroomisbiggerthananyotheroneinthehotel.
为了避免重复,从句常用一些代词。
比较必须是两个相同的成分。
Everydayhearrivearlierthananyoneelinthecompany.
Smallorangesareusuallysweeterthanbigones.
Itisbettertobepreparedthanunprepared.
Thisiasiersaidthandone.
SheistallerthanI(me).
Imeetwithmoredifficultiesthanshedoes.
Thegirlsinmyclassaremoreactivethanthoinhisclass.
1、有than就要考虑比较级。
2、比较的成分要完全一致。
2、"比较级+and+比较级",表示"越来越…"。
MyfatherwalkedfasterandfasteruntilIcouldnolongerkeepupwithhim.
keepupwith跟上,赶上
nolonger=notanylonger
MyfatherwalkedfasterandfasteruntilIcouldn'tkeepupwithhimanylonger.(not用来否定动词)
Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.
Thingsaregettingbetterandbettereveryday.
I'mgettingmoreandmoreinterestedinarts.
getinterestedin对……感兴趣
3."the+比较级…,the+比较级",表示"越是…就越…"。
Themorehaste,thelessspeed.欲速则不达。
Thehardersheworks,themoreprogressshemakes.
makeprogress取得进步
ThemoreIstudyit,themoreIlikeit.
Actually,thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.
Themorepreparationyoudonow,thelessnervousyou'llbebeforetheexam.
Thesooneryoustart,thefasteryou'llbefinished.
五、形容词和副词最高级的用法
最高级的前面通常要加定冠词,副词最高级前面的定冠词可以省略。最高级在使用时通常有一个短语或从句表示比较的
范围。
OfalltheplacesI'vevisited,IlikeHangzhoubest.
ThisistheworstmovieI'veeveren.
Beijingisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld.
Forme,Tuesdayisoneofthebusiestdayintheweek.
Amongallthestudents,heruns(the)fastest.
比较级前面有时也加the,表示两者之间"较…的一个"。
Bothofthetwogirlsarebeautiful,butIthinkthetalloneismorebeautifulofthetwo.
Thefive-year-oldboychothemoreexpensiveofthetwotoys.
六、"as+原级+as","notas/so+原级+as"
"as+原级+as",表示"和…一样…","notas/so+原级+as"表示"不及…"。
Heisasgoodaswimmerasanyofus.
注意good的位置
He'sastallasI.
ItisnotashotinBeijingasinWuhan.
Hedoesnotsmokesoheavilyashisfather.
FrenchisjustasdifficultalanguageasEnglish.
Sheisasgoodacookashermother.
IhaveneverensobeautifulaplaceasHangzhou.
never否定含义
类似的还有:hardly,little,few
"as+原级+asonecan"和"as+原级+aspossible"表示"尽可能地…"。
Comeassoonaspossible.
Thereisnothingwecandobutwaitascalmlyaswecan.
thereisnothing…but…,but后一定跟动词原形
"as+原级+as"可以用来表示倍数。
Mynewcoatcostmefourtimesasmuchastheoldone.
先说倍数,然后在as+原级+as
cost花费,主语是物。spend,主语是人。
metodosth.
spendindoingsth.
spendonsth.
Thisroomistwiceaslargeasthatone.
Thisroomistwicelargerthanthatone.
七、比较级、最高级和"as+原级+as"前面都可以有表示程度的状语。
Thesunismuchbiggerthantheearth.
错误:Thesunismorebiggerthantheearth.
Sheisbyfarthecleverestgirlinourclass.
byfar到目前为止
It'sbecomingthethirdlargestcityinthecountry.
Theyhavemanymorechemistrybooksthanwe.
Thereismuchmorewaterinthisjarthanthatone.
Theywillcomebackalittleearlier.
Thistimesheranagooddealfaster.
TomissixcentimeterstallerthanJohn.
Ofalltheworkersinthefactory,Aliceisbyfarthemostskilled.
重点掌握:
1、只能作表语的形容词。
2、特殊形容词、副词的比较级和最高级。
3、比较级多用than,个别情况下用ofthetwo。比较时,前后成分一定一致。
4、the+比较级…,the+比较级
5、as+原级+as,notas/so+原级+as
6、"as+原级+as"可以用来表示倍数。
Heisalmostastallashisbrother.
Myfatherisn'tasoldashelooks.
ThiswordisudlessfrequentlyinBritishEnglishthaninAmericanEnglish.
SpanishpeopleusuallyspeakmorequicklythanEnglishpeople.
'sgettingcolderandcolder.
Themoreyoupractiwriting,thebetteryouwilldoit.
Themoreworkwegiveourbrains,themoreworkitisabletodo.
典型例题:
ot_______toaffordacaryet.
nough
rich
1、enough作为形容词放在可数复数名词和不可数名词前。
Haveyougotenoughsandwichesforlunch?
Surely15minutesinoughtimeforyoutohavecoffee.
2、enough作为代词。
Sixbottlesofwinewillbeenough.
Ihopeenoughofyouarepreparedtohelpwiththeshow.
3、enough作为副词,放在动词、形容词和其他副词的后面。
Youdon'tpracticeenoughatthepiano.
Istheriverdeepenoughforswimming(toswimin)?
Sheisn'tgoodenoughfortheexam.
答案C
2."It'ssixo'clockandyourfatherisstillattheoffice."
"Iknow,whoelwould_______hedoes?"
ingharderthan
hardas
as+原级+as
答案D
3."Ralphemstolikethiscountry."
"Yes,heis_______hereashewasathome."
yalmost
happyas
as+原级+as
almost(already)放在系动词be的后面,其他动词的前面。
答案A
yMexicoCityismorepopulousthan_______intheworld.
ercity
tcity
populous人口众多的
单数一定要跟单数比。
答案B
thestudentshavemade_______progressintheirstudyofEnglishthanwefirstexpected.
eater
egreater
答案C
lGeorgeBrownwasolderthan_________inhisregiment(军团).
erofficer
icerel
答案B
nchemfarmoreinterestedinreadingaboutAfrica_______abouttheirnearestneighbors.
more为比较级,只能than
答案B
llytakesmuch_______timetoflyfromonecountrytoanotherthantotravelbytrain.
有than,肯定是比较级。
答案B
lays_________Alex.
rebetterthan
rewellthan
答案C
ufinishedyourhomework?Thislessonis________thanthelastone.
sy
sier
答案D
eopleregardBobDylanas_________othermusicians.
periorthan
rfectto
superior没有比较级。
superiorto优于
答案C
12."Won'tyouhavemoremeat?"
"No,thanks.I'vehad________enoughalready."
an
of
morethanhappy(glad)todosth.高兴做某事
Iammorethanhappytotakeyouthereinmycar.
答案B
13.I''sthe______,plea?
rking
rpark
答案A
dertheyworked,____________.
stheyemedtodo
dless
the+比较级…,the+比较级
答案B
15."Doyouenjoythenewcamera?"
"Yes,_______,themoreskilledIbecome."
epicturesItake
turesItakemore
the+比较级…,the+比较级
答案B
ewelookedattheabstractpainting,_______.
itless
edbetter
the+比较级…,the+比较级
答案A
largepasngerjetshavemadethetrafficproblemsatairports_______.
thanbefore
dthantheywere
make+名词+形容词使……成为,变为
Thenewsmakesherhappy.
Hisactionsmakehimuniversallyrespected.
答案C
wolectures,thefirstwasbyfarthe_______.
byfar跟形容词或副词的比较级或最高级连用时,放在这类词的后面。
如果这类词带有冠词,放前,放后都可以。
Itisquickerbyfartogobytrain.
Sheisthebestbyfar.(Sheisbyfarthebest.)
答案B
is_________statesinAmerica'smid-west.
ttest
stofthe
答案A
ayhewastogivehisspeech,Paulwassufferingfromoneof_______coldshehadeverhad.
ll
答案C
sufferfrom遭受……罪
eloutputofthisyearwillbebiggerthan_____lastyear.
f
output产量
指上文提到的用that或tho。
答案C
astakenamoreindependentstand________.
dbefore
didafewyearsago
stand立场
答案D
speakEnglishbetterthan_____inhergrade.
tudent
other的用法:
1、other常跟名词复数或单数不可数名词连用。
Moralbeautyoughttoberankedaboveallotherbeauty.
2、前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,none,one以及形容词性物主代词时,other可跟单数名词连用。
Everymembermustbringoneotherperson.
Theremustbesomeotherreasonforhimrefusingtohelp.
another的用法:another表示单数概念,后面接单数名词或代词one。
Don'tsayanotherword.
another也可跟前面有数词的复数名词连用。
Hewentbacktoworktoosoon,andwaslaidupforanotherthreemonths.
one…theother…一个…另一个…
one…another…(同组内的两个个体)
答案C
modelcoststwice________lastyear's.
"as+原级+as"可以用来表示倍数。
Thenewmodelcoststwicemorethanlastyear's.
答案B
eisn'eis_______wor.
quite后面只能跟原级。Thisoneisquitebad.
very的用法:
1、用于形容词、副词前,加强语气。(非常,十分)
veryquickly,verysoon
2、用于形容词最高级或own之前。(十足,完全)
theverybestquality,sixo'clockattheverylatest
3、very表示正是……Sittingintheverysameat.
答案D
第六节介词(05-2~06-3)
考试大纲要求:
1、常用介词及其词义;
2、介词与某些动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配;
3、介词短语及其用法。
介词在句子中不能独立充当一个成分,往往和后面的宾语共同构成句子的成分。介词与名词、形容词、动词有着固
定的搭配。
常用介词用法:
(穿过)
Mymotherlivesacrossthestreet.
Icameacrosshimyesterday.(comeacross偶然遇到)
Thepostofficeisjustacrossthestreet.
(在……之后)
Thechildrenwenttobedaftersayinggoodnighttotheirparents.
Whowilllookafteryourbabywhileyou'reaway?
(lookafter照看,照料,takecareof)
Thegirlisnamedafterhermother.
(nameafter以……命名)
Rewritethentencesafterthemodel.(模仿,仿照)
t(反对)
Whatyouaredoingisagainsttherule.
Weareagainsttheproposal.(beagainst反对)
Nobodyhasgotanythingagainstyou.
(沿着)
TheywalkedalongNanjingRoad.
Thereisacinemaalongthestreet.
I'mgettingalong/onwellwithmyclassmates.
(围绕)
Wealldrewupclolyaroundhim.
Theguideshowedusaroundthecity.
(领某人参观)
(在……)
Let'smeetatthestation.
Shewasataconference.
Thecommitteeistomeetattheweekend.
Hejoinedupateighteen.(joinup参军)
Whatareyoulaughingat?(laughat嘲笑)
Let'shavealookatthepicture.(havealookat看一看)
Mymotherwassurpridatthenews.(besurpridat吃惊)
Heisgoodatmathematics.(begoodat擅长)
Heisgoodatdrawing.
(在……之前)
Don'tputthecartbeforethehor.不要本末倒置。
Pridecomesbeforeafall.骄傲就会摔跤。
Beforestartingthework,wehadadiscussion.
Beforelong,thewarbrokeout.(breakout爆发)
Iboughtthebookthedaybeforeyesterday.
s(除…之外还)
Therearesixstudentsintheclassroombesidesme.
Besidesfunandgoodexerci,swimmingisaveryufulskill.
n(在……之间)
Comebetweentenandeleveno'clock.
Theydon'tknowthedifferencebetweenwheatandoats.
(among用于三者或三者以上)
What'sthedifferencebetweenthem?
(在……之外)
Thelakeisbeyondthatmountain.
Don'tgobeyondthecityboundary.(gobeyond超过)
It'xpensiveandbeyondourreach.
Thecityisbeyondrecognition.(beyondrecognition面目全非)
'sbeyondme.
Thisisinevitableandbeyondalldoubts.这是必然的,毫无疑义的。
((除…之外)
Whobutafoolwoulddosuchathing?
Ihavenothingbutabookinmyhand.
I'mthelastbutonetogethere.
12.by(经过)
Shepasdbymewithoutsayinggoodbyetome.
Thewomanisstandingbythedoor.
Bythetimewegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
Bytheendoftheyear,wehavetrained400people.
Icameherebytaxi.(bybus,byplane,byship,onfoot)
Thegirlisn'tanactressbyprofession.(actor男演员)
What'sthetimebyyourwatch?
ThisnoveliswrittenbyCharlesDickens.
Consumergoodsproductionwillgoupby6%thisyear.
Imethimbychanceyesterday.(bychance偶尔碰到)
Weallhavetoabidebytherules.(abideby遵守)
Bytheway,whereistheteacher?(bytheway顺便说一下)
Inordertopasstheexam,wehavetolearnthetextsbyheart.
Attheageoftenshebegantolivebyherlf.(byonelf独自)
(除去)
Noneofushaveenthefilmexceptmysister.
HecomestoschooleverydayexceptSaturday.
Sheisaloneintheworldexceptforhermother.
(为了)
AftersupperIalwaysgooutforawalk.
(gooutforawalk散步)
Thankyouforspendingsomuchtimelisteningtomeexplain.
Thankyouforspendingsomuchtimelisteningtomyexplanation.
Forgivemeforbeinglate.(表原因)
I'msorryforwhathashappened.
Thecoatisforsale.(forsale出售)
Thisisabookforyou.
Wheneversheisintrouble,she'llturntoherparentsforhelp.
(beintrouble处在困难之中turnto向某人求助)
WeleftBeijingforShanghailastweek.(leave…for…动身去)
IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.
Isoldtheflatfor100,000yuan.
(flat,apartment公寓,hou别墅,room房间)
Howmuchdoyoupayforthecoat?(payfor付款)
It'shardformetogetridofalltherats.(getridof消灭,消除)
I'mlookingformybook.
find(找到):I'mlookingformybook,butIcan'tfindit.
Idothisallforyourgood.(forone'sgood为了某人好)
Whoareyouwaitingfor?(waitfor等待)
Theydothisforthesakeoftheirmother.
(forthesakeof因为)
(来自……)
We'velearntalotfromourteacher.
Theyarebusyfrommorningtonight.(from...to...从……到……)
Theletterisfromyourparents.
Ihavebeenawayfromhomeforalongtime.
(beawayfromhome离开家)
(befrom来自)I'mfromChina.
Thefilmwesawyesterdaywasdifferentfromthenovel.
(bedifferentfrom与……不同,differfrom)
Thewineismadefromthebestgrapes.
makefrom化学变化
makeof物理变化Thedeskismadeofwood.
由……组成
Animalbodiesaremadeupofcells.
Societyismadeupofpeopleofwidelydifferingabilities.
makewithsth.迅速拿出或提供某物
Makewiththebeers,buster.伙计,拿啤酒来。
makefor为……做……
Shemadecoffeeforallofus.
Millionsofpeoplearesufferingfromthewar.(sufferfrom遭受)
Heisweakfromlackofsleep.(lackof缺乏)
Idisagreewiththemfromthebeginning.
(disagreewith不同意agreewith同意)
Itrytopreventthemfromdoingthework,butinvain.
(ingsth.阻止某人做某事)
(invain毫无作用,徒劳)
Thesituationisgettingfrombadtowor.
Theguestistalkingfrombeginningtotheend.
(在……里)
Shewasbornin1980.
We'llbebackinthreedays.
(Hecamebackthreedaysago.)
Doyouworkinthedaytimeoratnight?
We'llbebackinnotime.(innotime立刻,马上)
Heisinhiarlythirties.(inone'sthirties三十多岁)
Heisalwaysinagoodmood.
(inagoodmood情绪很好inabadmood情绪很糟)
Ihavenodifficulty/troubleinsolvingtheproblem.
(nodifficultyindoingsth.没有困难)
Didyouhaveanydifficultyinfindingthehotel?
CanyouwriteinEnglish?
Theyhavedoneitinawrongway.(inawrongway错误的方式)
Theyacceptedtheplaninprinciple.(inprinciple原则上)
(进入)
Let'sgointotheroom.
Iworkedfarintothenight.
Thehouhasbeenturnedintoamuum.(turninto变成)
Wemustputthetheoriesintopractice.
Theyallburstintolaughter.(burstinto爆发)
Atthenews,mysisterburstintotears.
(burstintotears放声大哭)
n'teneachotherforalongtime.
(runinto偶然碰到,偶然遇到)
(像……)
Helikesitsmother.他喜欢他的母亲。
Thebabylookslikeitsmother.
Itlookslikesnow.
What'stheweatherliketoday?
Idon'tfeellikeeatinganything.
Whatdoesitlook(taste)like?
(……的)
Heisafriendofmine.
HaveyougottheCompleteWorksofLuHsun?
We'reofthesameopinion.(beof赞同)
Electricityisofgreatuinindustryandeverydaylife.
(beofu=beuful)
Yourhelpisofgreatvaluetous.
(beofvalue=bevaluable)
Ioftenthinkofthedayswespenttogether.(thinkof想起)
Ireaditquitebychanceinamagazine.(bychance偶然)
It'sverykindofyoutoremindmeofit.
(It'sverykindofsb.
.提醒某人某事)
ThepictureremindsmeofthetimewespenttogetherinDalian.
We'reproudofourson.(beproudof以……为骄傲)
Thelittleboyisafraidofdogs.(beafraidof害怕)
It'sjustwasteoftime.
Heisashamedofhispast.(beashamedof羞耻,惭愧)
Thevillageisshortofwater.(beshortof缺少)
Idoalltheofmyownwill.(ofone'sown出于某人的意愿)
(在……上)
Youhitthenailonthehead.你这话击中了要害。
Putthebookontheshelf,plea.
MymotherwasbornonApril14,1947.
(哪一年用in,具体到某一天用on)
HeleftBeijingforhomeonthemorningofJuly2.
(inthemorning,具体到某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on)
Ontheeveoftheirdeparture,theygaveafarewellbanquet.
(ontheeveof在……前夕)
WeusuallygetuplateonSundaymorning.
Onhisreturnhetoldusaboutthemeeting.
TheywillgoonavisittoAsia.(goonavisit=visit)
Heishereonbusiness.(beonbusiness做生意)
Sheisawayonatrip.(onatrip旅行)
Theworkersattheairportisonstrike.(beonstrike罢工)
Whenwecameback,wefoundourhouonfire.
(onfire着火)
Theprofessorismakingaspeechonthecurrentsituation.(关于)
Thishouisonsale.(onsale出售)
Who'sondutytoday?
Thegirlinsistsonleavinghomeanddependsonherlfforaliving.
(insiston坚持dependon依靠,依赖)
(出于)
Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawagirlturnroundthecorner.
Theycameoutoftheroomtowelcomeus.
Mybrotherhasbeenoutofthehospitalforaweek.
(beoutofthehospital出院beinhospital住院)
Hediditoutofgratitudeforus.
Wehelpedthepoorboyoutofsympathy.
Pleagetoutoftheway.别挡道。
Allofuswereoutofbreathwhenwegottothetopofthemountain.
(beoutofbreath气喘吁吁)
Thecoatisoutofdate.(beoutofdate过时)
Mymotherisoutofworknow.(beoutofwork失业)
(自从)
Theyhavebeenclofriendssincechildhood.(从儿童时期他们就是好朋友)
We'vealwaysbeenonguardsincethen.(beonguard警惕)
Igottoknowhimlastyear,andhavebeenwritingtoeach
othersincethen.
h(通过、穿过)
Thereisapaththroughthegarden.
I'vegonethroughthebook.(gothrough看过浏览过)
Shemusthavebeenthroughalot.(bethrough受罪)
Wequicklysawthroughhistrick.(ethrough看穿)
Howsoonwillyoubethrough?(bethrough打电话)
You'rethroughnow.你的电话接通了。
Hebegantolookthroughthealbum.(lookthrough翻阅)
Thecouplewentthroughmanyhardships.(gothrough经历)
She'sillallthroughSeptember.
AllroadsleadtoRome.
Didyougototheexhibitionlastweek?
We'llchangethedatetoJuly10.(to到什么时间)
Let'sdrinktoyourhealth.(drinkto为什么干杯)
Don'tleavethingstothelastmoment.(tothelastmoment到最后一刻)
Imustapologizetoyou.
HappyChristmas!Thesametoyou.
You'reawfullynicetome.
HainanliestothesouthofGuangdong.(lieon,liein)
Tooursurpri,shegaveuptheopportunity.(toone's
suupri使某人感到惊奇giveup放弃)
Thefinalscoreis3:5inourfavor.
Tooursurpri,everythingintheroomisingoodorder.(beingoodorder秩序井然)
(在……的下面)
Somegirlsaresingingunderthetrees.
Theroadisunderrepair.(beunderrepair正在修理)
Fromhere,wecanethebridgeunderconstruction.
Scientistsbelievethattheywillgetweatherundercontrol
someday.(undercontrol在控制之中)
Theproposalisnowunderdiscussion.(proposal提案)
Theunpopularmayorisunderconstantattackinthenewspapers.
(和……)
Whowasthatwithyou?你刚才和谁在一起?
Ourteacherisstrictwithus.(bestrictwithsb.对某人严格要求)
Myfatherisalwayspatientwithme.(bepatientwith对某人有耐心)
We'resatisfiedwithourwork.(besatisfiedwith对……满意)
Sheisdiscussingtheideawithhertutor.
We'refamiliarwitheachother.(befamililarwith熟悉similiarto相似)
Hereyeswerefilledwithtears.(befilledwith充满)
He'sinbedwithflu.
Thegroundwascoveredwithsnow.
Thestreetiscrowdedwithpeople.(becrowedwith拥挤)
Hewantedtokilltwobirdswithonestone.(一举两得)
Thegirlgreetedmewithasmile.
Theyoungmanwithglassoverthereismybrother.
What'sthematterwithyou?
Ifoundtheplacewithgreatdifficulty.(withgreatdifficulty费很大劲)
It'orkingtherewithonlyaT-shirton.
Thegirlwassittinginachairwithherhandsfolded.
介词考试重点:
除了要掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配外,还需牢记一个基本点即,介词后面接的是宾语,因此跟在其
后面的主要是代词、名词或动名词及其词组,间或是宾语从句。
①I'mlookingforward____youtomorrow.
lookforwardtodoing
答案B
②Ialwaysarriveattheofficeintime,but_______theheavyrain,I'monehourlatethismorning.
becau、as、since接句子
答案B
③Thisweeklyschedulewillmakeyoumoreawareofhowyouspendyourtime.
awareof意识到
④I'llspeaktohimaboutit.
speaktosb.对某人谈话
典型例题:
etaxicameIputoutmyhead,butitjustwent______mewithoutstopping.
putoutmyhead(伸出头)
goout(下车)
goover(复习)
gothrough(碾过去)
past(经过)
答案D
sarehighlynsitive________anyunusualsoundinthemachine.
nsitiveto(对……敏感)
答案C
thavebeenkilled_______thearrivalofthepolice.
exceptfor(除了)
butfor(要不是)
with(和……在一起)
for(因为)
exceptfor:除了……之外Theroadwamptyexceptforafewcars.
butfor:倘无,要不是,表虚拟语气。Butforthedoctor'sskill,hewouldhavedied.
Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadaverypleasantjourney.
答案B
s__________theeastofChina.
答案D
'llsayit'scond______none.
condtonone=asgoodasthebest(不亚于任何人或事物)
Asadancer,sheiscondtonone.
答案C
hiscar_________$2,000.
答案A
7."Wasn'tJohnsuppodtobeherebynow?"
"Don''llbehere_______twentyminutes."
t
答案D
8."CouldyoufindananswertoyourprobleminthebookIgaveyou?"
"Ilookedatit,butitwasn'treally_______."
u
to……的答案keytomyroom(我屋子的钥匙)
beofu=beuful
答案D
9."AreyoudonewiththebookIgaveyou?"
"Notquite.I'vereadall______thelastchapter."
but除了
until直到
just刚好
yet还没有
but=except
but:主要与noone,none,nothing,nobody等否定词用;who,where,what等疑问词;all,everyone,everything,anyone,
anything,及everywhere等连用。
WhobutGeorgewoulddosuchathing?
Isn'tthereanythingbutmountains?
except+句子;exceptfor+n.
except+n.时主要与noone,none,nothing,nobody等否定词用;all,everyone,everything,anyone,anything,及everywhere
等连用。不与who,where,what等疑问词连用
答案A
withhim________,butnotentirely.
point
certainextent
tosomeextent(在某种程度上)
答案C
e_______thetimes.
t
答案B
12.I'mratheranxious_______her,forIhaven'theardfromherforalongtime.
beanxiousabout
hearfromsb.(收到某人来信)
答案B
esponsible_______thearrangements?
ing
beresponsiblefor
答案D
14."EdwardwasterriblyimpolitetoMissSmith."
"Yes,heshouldbe________himlf."
bout
dof
beimpolitetosb(对某人没有礼貌)
ashameof(感到羞愧)
besorryfor/aboutsth.自责Aren'tyousorryfor/aboutwhatyou'vedone?
be/feelsorryforsb.
(1)同情Ifeelsorryforanyonewhohastodriveinthisbadweather?
(2)对某人有些不赞成,怜悯某人Ifhedoesn'trealizetheconquencesofhisactions,I'msorryforhim.
答案D
appointedwiththenewofficerlectedinourclub,butthereisnopoint______aboutit.
tocomplain
nopointindoingsth.
point:价值There'snotmuchpointincomplaining,theynevertakeanynotice.
答案B
hatsomeone'sworkisnotgoodistofindfault______it.
findfaultwith(对……找缺点)
答案B
portisfivemiles________.
mhere
reaway
awayfrom(离……远)
答案A
been_______thetelephonefortwohours.
beonthetelephone接电话
答案A
19._______funandexerci,swimmingisaveryufulskill.
beside(在……旁边)
besides(除了)
exceptfor(除了)
butfor(要不是)
Threeotherswenttherebesidesme.
Everyonewentthereexceptme.
答案B
20._______theheavysnowlastnight,noneoftheclasshavebeencancelledattheuniversity.
ewith
inspiteof=despite(尽管)
答案B
iewesawlastnightwasverydifferent_______thenovel.
bedifferentfrom
答案C
rwritingatermpaper_______takinganexamination.
than
preferto
prefer++n.
Iprefercoffeetotea.
prefer+doingto+doing
答案B
tureremindsme_______thetimewespenttogetherinNewYork.
.
答案A
rewecanethebridge_______construction.
underconstruction:在建设中
Thenewrailwayisstillunderconstruction.
答案C
第七节连词(6-3~7-1)
大纲要求
并列连词及其用法;从属连词及其用法。连词在句子中起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子的作用。连词分
为并列连词和从属连词,从属连词用于复合句中。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或分句。
常见连词用法
1.but(但是)
"Iwon'tgo.""Butyou'vetoldmeyouwould."
"CanIhelpyou?""I'mafraidtheboxistooheavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame."
(然而)
Theygottoknoweachotheramonthago,yettheyhavebeenindeeplovenow.(beinlove相爱)
Shehasherweakness,yetthatdoesn'tmeansheisnotqualifiedforthejob.(bequalifiedfor胜任)
Sheisnotanativespeaker,yetherFrenchisadequateforthejob.(beadequatefor胜任)
r(然而)
,however,notbeyondthereachofthestudents.
,however,shechangedhermind.
(因为)
You'dbetterputonyourcoat,forit'srathercoldoutside.
Itmustbesnowing,foritissobrightoutside.
Theoldmansatinfrontofthefiremostoftheday,foritwasverycold.
(所以)
IhavelivedinWuhanforfiveyears,soI'mudtothelifehere.(beudto+n或doing习惯于……I'mudtogettingup
dosth.过去常常做某事ogetuplateinthemorning.)
Itwasalreadyratherlate,sowedecidedtogohome.
Mymotherixpectingme,soImustbeoffnow.
Maryearnsagoodsalary,soshecan'tbedeepindebt.
(beindebt陷于债务之中)
(并且)
Tryyourbestandyou'llsucceedthistime.(succeed是动词,successful是形容词,success是名词)
Heshookhisheadandwentaway.(shook的原型是shake)
(然后)
Firsttheyonlyquarreled,andthentheybegantofight.
Uyourbrain,andthenyou'llfindaway.
(或者)
Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.
Youmaydoityourlf,orasksomeoneeltodoit.
Hehardlyevergoestothecinemaorthetheatre.
i(否则)
ishewouldhavestoppedtotalkwithyou.
You'dbettertakemoreexerci,otherwiyou'llgetfat.
…or(或者……或者)
Youcancomeeithertodayortomorrow.
Youmayeitherstayhereorgowithme.
r,nor,neither…nor
Idon'tknowtheanswer,neither/nordoesshe.
(否定句+neither/nor+倒装句)
Shecouldn'tspeakGerman,neither/norcouldanyoneelintheclass.
Idon'twanttodoit,nordoIwantyoutodoit.
ShecouldneitherspeakEnglishnorwriteit.
Weworkneitherforfamenorforpersonalgains.
Weneitherknownorcarewhathashappened.
…and(两者都)
She'slookingforopportunitiesbothhereandabroad.
(opportunity机会)
Theprospectsbothexcitedandworriedme.
y…butalso(不但……而且)
notonly…butalso连接的句子成分一定要一致
Theboynotonlylostthemoneybutalsocameclotolosinghislife.
Heislikehismothernotonlyinappearancebutalsoincharacter.(notonly+介词+名词,butalso+介词+名词)
as(也怎么样)
Wehavereadoneofhisnovelsaswellasafewofhisplays.
Thekindmangavemesomeadviceaswellassomemoney.
heless(然而)
Shehasfailedmanytimes,neverthelesssheisconfidentshewillsucceedintheend.
ore(因此)
You'reintheright,thereforeweshouldsupportyou.
(因此)
Thewordisanuncountablenounandisudinageneraln,hence(therefore)ittakesnoarticle.
典型例题:
1."IthoughthehatedtheTV."
"Youareright,_______hestillwatchestheprogram."
yet然而
besides除了
also不是连词,不能连接句子
Heisateacher.I'malsoateacher.
then然后
答案A
2."Youshouldputthemoneyinthebank."
"It'smymoney,_______IcandowhateverIwantwithit."
but除了
so所以
yet然而
or或者
答案B
leavethepartyatexactly9:00,________we'llbelateforwork.
i
forel(没有这种搭配)
other+n
el(不单独使用)
otherwi(否则)
答案D
ryandEllen,________Jane,arestudyingnursingattheUniversityofToledo.
las
aswellas(也,并且)
well(好)
aswell(无此用法)
andwellas(无此用法)
答案A
flytoLondonthivening_______youdon'tmindchangingplanesinParis.
minddoingsth.
unless(除非)
except(除了)
insofaras(到什么什么程度)sofar(迄今为止)
if(如果)
答案D
ientswillhavetowaitallday_______thedoctorworksfaster.
if(如果)
whether(是否)
unless(除非)
答案C
ainedsilent,_______herheartwasheavyandherspiritlow.
ore
so(所以)
though(尽管)
for(因为)
therefore(因此)
答案C
orldnocountryhaxactlythesamefolkmusic________thatofanyothercountries.
thesameas和……一样
as:连词。谈到人或事物彼此都有相同点时表示比较Thisisthesameoneasthatyouhadbefore.
Like:介词。Likeme,oysallkindsofmusic,asIdo.
在口语中like可以做连词=asNobodyunderstandshimlike/asIdo.
答案B
herlikescountrymusic,_______Ilikepopmusic.
e
when(当……时候)
where(在哪儿)
while(当……时候;相反)
becau(因为)
答案C
10.________itisverylatenow,thestudentsarestillworkinginthelab.
gh
as因为
when当……时候
if如果
although尽管
答案D
考试重点
连词分为从属连词和并列连词,从属连词用来连接各类从句,并列连词用来表示并列句之间转折、因果、并列、
选择、递进等关系。考生应了解常见连词的意思,根据句子上下文的需要进行恰当的选择。
wantedtoplayfootball._____,itwasrainingandhestayedathome.
and(并且);but(但是);so(所以);for(因为)
答案B
plehavelivedinChinaforfiveyears,sotheyhavegotudtothelifehere.
rifyouhavemetmysister.(if是否)
earchresultsshowthattheearthgoesalittlefaster_______itisclortothesun.
asif(仿佛);sothat(以便,为了);so……that(如此……以至于);
than(连接比较级);when(当……时候)
答案D
5.________Ihaven'tenthefilm,Iknowverylittleaboutit.
after(在什么之后);although(尽管);as(因为);before(在……之前)
becau和so不能同时用as和so不能连用
答案C
第八节动词(7-1~13-1)
考试大纲要求
动词包括时态、被动语态、动名词、分词以及虚拟语气。
(1)动词的分类:及物动词与不及物动词;连系动词;助动词;情态动词。
(2)动词的基本形式:动词原形、过去分词、现在分词;不规则动词的形式
(3)动词主要时态的构成及其用法。包括一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时,现在完成进行时,一般过去时,
过去进行时,过去完成时,完成进行时,一般将来时,将来完成时,过去将来时。
(4)情态动词及其基本用法。
(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的形式及主要用法。
(6)被动语态的构成及其基本用法。
(7)虚拟语气的常见形式及其基本用法。
一、动词的分类
动词类型在句子中的用法
及物动词后面接宾语
不及物动词后面不接宾语,或接"介词/副词+宾语"
连系动词后面接表语
助动词后面接动词原形
情态动词后面接动词原形,或接动词的完成式
二、动词的基本形式
动词除原形外,还有过去式、过去分词和现在分词三种形式。
(一)过去式和过去分词的构成
1.一般情况下在原形后加-ed。如:work-worked,help-helped。
2.以e结尾的单词,在原形后加-d。如:like-liked,joke-joked,hope-hoped.
3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的单词,变y为i再加-ed。如:study-studied,carry-carried,copy-copied。
4.以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的单词,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ed。如:stop-stopped,prefer-preferred,
admit-admitted,plan-planned.
有些动词的过去式和过去分词有特殊的形式。
cost-cost-cost
meet-met-met
catch-caught-caught
ri-ro-rin
drive-drove-driven
get-got-got/gotten
leave-left-left
smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled
tell-told-told
take-took-taken
(二)现在分词的构成
1.一般情况下在原形后加-ing。如:go-going,carry-carrying,play-playing,answer-answering,ask-asking。
2.以不发音的e结尾的单词,去e加-ing。如:live-living,come-coming,dance-dancing,write-writing。
3.以重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing。如:sit-sitting,begin-beginning,
permit-permitting,run-running,forget-forgetting.
有些动词的现在分词有其特殊形式。如:die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying,picnic-picnicking.
三、动词的主要时态
(一)一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作、现在的特征和状态、普遍真理等。
Galileosaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.
一般现在时的谓语形式:
1.当动词为实义动词,如read,go,look时,谓语用动词原形,否定句在动词前面加donot,疑问句加助动词do。
常和always,often,usually,sometimes,everyday等表示时间的状语连用。
Igotoschooleveryday.
Ireadthenewspapersafterlunch.
Doyouagreewithme?(agreewithsb.同意某人观点)
Idon'tquiteagreewithyou.
主语为第三人称单数时,动词后面一般加s(具体变化规则与名词变复数相同)。否定句加doesnot,疑问句加does.
Myfathergetsupatsixeveryday.
Helovessports.
Doesithurt?
DoesMissWuteachusEnglish?
Themachinedoesn'trunsmoothly.
2.当动词为be时,谓语随人称和数的不同用am,is,are三种形式。
Oneisnotguiltyuntilheisproved.在被证明有罪之前,人都是无罪的。
Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。
Sheisn'tafraidtogotoschoolalonenow.
AreyoufromYunnan?(befrom来自……地方)
Whatshesaysistrue.
3.当动词为have,表示"有"时,谓语用have,主语为第三人称单数时,用has.否定句相应用haven't,hasn't,或don't
have,doesn'thave,疑问句将have,has提至主语前面或加助动词do,does.
Mysisterhasalotoftoys.
Shealwayshavealotofhomeworktodo.
Hasshe/Doesshehaveanymoneyonher?
Theydon'thave/haven'tmuchexperience.
当have作实义动词,如havealook,havebreakfast,havelunch,havesupper时,句子的谓语形式与其他实义动词相同。
Let'shavealookatthepicture.
Ialwayshavebreakfastathome.
Sheoftenhaslunchinthedinninghall.
always、often通常放在系动词之后,实意动词之前。
acceptedcustominourcountryformentoremovetheirhatswhenawoman______theroom.
d
wheh状语从句中的主语是第三人称单数,
答案B
2."I'mleavingnow."
"Makesure_______thedoor."
'g
makesure+动词原型或句子。
答案A
uldbeaveryattractivegirlbutshe________toherclothes.
noattention
dattention
答案A
4."HowdoesAlmalikehernewwork?"
"She_______withthehours."
''tsatisfied
''tsatisfied
besatisfiedwith对……满意
答案B
(二)一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况,包括过去的习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:a
minuteago,yesterday,lastweek,in1990,duringthenight,inthodays.用过去时时,说"过多少时间之后",一般用after,
不用in。
一般过去时的谓语形式:
1.动词为实义动词时,谓语用动词的过去式,否定句在原形前加didnot,疑问句加助动词did.如:
Johnsuddenlyfellillyesterday.(fall-fell-fallen)
Mymotherdidn'tlookwellwhenIsawherlasttime.
Ithappenedafterfourdays.
DidtheygotoCanadalastweek?
Nothinghappenedsincethen.
Hewentoutjustnow.(justnow刚才)
Abookthatcostafewjiaoveralyearsagoisworth30yuannow.
2.动词为be,主语是I或第三人称单数时,谓语用was,其他情况用were.如
Theywereclassmateswhentheyweretenyearsold.
Shewasonceadoctorbutnowshehasretired.
Whywereyouabntfromschoolyesterday?
3.动词为have时,肯定句谓语用had.表示"有"时,否定句可用hadnot,疑问句将had提至主语前面,也可与have
作实义动词时相同,即否定句用didn'thave,疑问句加助动词did。如:
Theydidn'thaveanymoneyleftandtheycouldn'taffordthehou.
Shedidn'thaveanyrestatnoonandcontinuedtowork.
thatfamousrestaurantthedaybeforeyesterday?
Wehadabigfactoryfortyyearsago.
sfinishinghisassignmentswhenhisfather_______homefromwork.
ng
主句为过去时,状语从句也为过去时。
答案A
stzoologicalgardenintheUnitedStates_________inPhiladelphiain1874.(zoo)
ablished
ished
考试时应先考虑句子是主动还是被动,然后再考虑时态。
动物园应该是被建
A、D都是主动语态。
答案C
(三)现在进行时
现在进行时主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。可与now,atprent,atthismoment,thedays等时间状语连用。
现在进行时的谓语形式:am/is/are+现在分词。
Whatareyoudoing,Jack?
We'retryingtoplanourfuture.
Thetrainisnowrapidlyapproachingthecity.(approach接近)
Lifeischangingallthetime.
Thewomanwhoisstandinghereismymother.
动词go,come,leave,stay,arrive,die等用于进行时态中,可以表示将要进行的动作。
Thebusisleaving,pleahurryup.
It''tforgettotaketheumbrella.
Myuncleiscomingtoeusthisweekend.
TheboyisleavingforBeijingtomorrow.(leavefor动身)
expertsinmanycountriesstill________theirideasabouttherelationshipsbetweenourfoodandourhealth.
still(仍旧)一般用于进行时。
still一般放在系动词后面,实义动词前面。
答案C
thisnoi?Tellmewhat_______here.
on
答案C
(四)过去进行时
过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。
过去进行时的谓语形式:was/were+现在分词。
Mysonwaspracticingthepianothistimeyesterdayevening.
WhenIcalledhim,hewashavinghisbreakfast.
Whilewewerehavingameeting,Marycameinandtoldustheterriblenews.
Iwasleavingtheroomwhenthetelephonerang.
asjustarrived,butIdidn'tknowhe_____untilyesterday.
现在完成时表明的是过去的动作对现在的影响或持续到现在。
hadbeen过去完成时,表示过去的过去。
wascoming用过去进行时表示将要的动作。
答案B
2."WhatwereyoudoingwhenAnnaphonedyou?"
"Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_______totakeabath.'
rting
whatwereyoudoing提问的是过去进行时。
答案D
(五)一般将来时
一般将来时主要表示准备做的事、将要发生的动作情况、按计划安排要发生的事。
一般将来时的谓语形式:
1.am/is/aregoingto+动词原形
2.will/shall+动词原形(shall用于第一人称)
3.am/is/are+不定式
We'llhaveeggsandtoastforbreakfastthismorning.
Howareyougoingtospendyoursummervacation?
Ithinkit'sgoingtorain.
Wearegoingtothezootomorrow.
Thefactoryistogointoproduction.
ThelineistobeopenedtotrafficonMayDay.
Themachinewon'twork.
Themeetingwon'tlastlong.
beaboutto可表示即将做某事。
Heisabouttoleave.
Mymotherisabouttoretire.
一般将来时有时还可以用来表示一种倾向。
Cropswilldiewithoutwater.
WheneverIhavetime,I'llgoandeyou.
Whoeverfailstoethiswillmakeabigmistake.
Oilwillfloatonwater.
用ShallI…?Shallwe…?开头可以表示征求对方的意见。肯定回答用"Yes,plea"或"Pleado";否定回答用"No,
pleadon't"等来回答。
--ShallIclothewindow,it'stoocoldhere.
--Yes,plea.(No,Pleadon't.)
--Shallwecallataxi?
--Yes,let's.(No,Idon'tthinkweshall.)
时间和条件状语主句是将来时,从句中一般不能用将来时态,而用现在时态代替。
Lipingwillletyouhavethebookwhenheisthrough.(主动语态里let后面再出现动词省略to)
Weshallhelpyouifyouaskus.
I'llaskmymotherassoonasshecomes.
Itwillbesixyearsbeforewemeetagain.
Shewillmissthetrainunlessshehurriesup.
erhowmuch_______,itwellbeworthit.
chwillcost
chcosts
状语从句主句将来时从句用一般现在时。
howmuch+主语+谓语
单问表的价钱:Howmuchdoesthewatchcost?
答案D
ghhepromidtochange,I'mstillwonderingwhenhe______abletoputhisheartintohisstudies.
beabletodo
选项C中when是时间状语从句,谓语不直接跟系动词be。
答案B
3."WillSusangetherPh.D.?"
"Itislikelythatshe_______."
用将来时提问直接用将来时回答即可。
答案A
4."DidyouvisitGracelastsummer?"
"No,butI______herovertheChristmasvacation."
eneing
答案A
regoingtoBrazilnextweekandthey_______toMexicolaterinthemonth.
ne
答案A
6."Aretheregoingtobemanypeopleatyourpartytoday?"
"Wehopethat_________."
regoingto
答案A
7."Whenwilltheplanearrive?"
"I'lltellyouwhenI_______."
t
enfindingout
时间状语从句和条件状语从句中主句为将来时则从句用一般现在时。
findout查出原因
find发现lookfor寻找
答案B
(六)过去将来时
过去将来时主要表示在过去某个时间打算要做的事,或从过去某个时间看来将要发生的事。过去将来时常用于间接
引语中。
过去将来时的谓语形式:
1.was/weregoingto+动词原形
2.would/should+动词原形
3.was/wereto+动词原形
Weneverimaginedthatmysisterwouldbecomeadoctor.
Hesaidhewouldcomebackthenextday.
Ithoughtyouwouldn'thaveanyobjectiontoit.(objectiontosth.反对某事)
Weweresurewewouldwinfinalvictory.
Heinformedusthetrainwastoleaveatsix.
Ididn'tknowwhentheyweregoingtocomeagain.
Hewasabouttogettherewhenitbegantorain.
YouknewIwouldcome.
oughtit________funtotakethecar.
n
答案C
2."HasJohnfinishedthereport?"
"No,heknewthathe_________timetofinishitbytomorrow."
've
'othave
答案C
(七)现在完成时
现在完成时表示过去发生的但对现在有影响的动作,或从过去某个时间开始一直持续到现在,可能还会持续下去的
动作或状态。
现在完成时的谓语形式:have/has+过去分词。
现在完成时常常与for,since等表示一段时间的状语连用,副词just,already,yet,never,ever,lately,recently,sofar等
也常用于现在完成时中。
Thecarhasarrived.
Myparentshavehadagoodeducation.
Ihaveboughtadictionary.
Thedelegationhasalreadyleft.
Sofarwehaveonlydiscusdthefirsttwochapters.
Wehaven'thadmuchrainthiswinter.
Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommyparents.
(justalreadyneverever放在have、has后面,过去分词前面)
Wehaven'treachedanagreementyet.
Havetheygottheplanyet?
Mymotherhasbeenateacherforthirtyyearsandnowshehasretired.(她退休已经十年了不能用Shehasbeenretired
fortenyears表达,retire不能表一段延续的时间,有for或since时谓语动词一定是可以表延续的动词)
Mymotherhasbeenateachersinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.
Mymotherhasbeenateachersincetenyearsago.
for接一段延续的时间,since后接过去时的句子或时间状语。
IhavebeenheresincelastOctober.
Mysisterhascaughtabadcold.
Shehasbeenillforaweek.
完成时态的运用还应注意以下两点
1.come,go,leave,arrive,begin,start,become,join,getup等表示短暂性动作的动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连
用,这些动作需用表示状态的词替代。
Ihavehadthiscoatforoneyear.(替代havebought)
Myunclehasbeenbackfortwodays.(替代hascomeback)
Thetrainhasbeenawayforanhour.(替代hasleft)
Thetwinbrothershavebeeninthearmyforthreeyears.(替代havejoinedthearmy)
Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.(替代hasbegun)
We'vebeenupfortwohours.(替代havegotup)
2.havebeento与havegoneto的区别
havebeento表示"去过某地"或"去干过某事",人现在已经回来了;havegoneto表示"去某地了"或"去干某事了",
人还没有回来。
WehavebeentotheGreatWall.
I'vebeentoeadoctor.
Ihavebeentothelibrary.
Hehasgonetothelibrary.
WhereisXiaoWang?-HehasgonetoShanghai.
1."Who'sthatgood-lookinggirlFrankisdancingwith?"
"Idon'tknow.I______herbefore."
ereing
een
答案C
2."Sorry,I'malittlebitlate."
"Oh,I______herejustafewminutes."
答案A
3."Whataboringspeaker!"
"Yes,bythetimehefinishes,everyone________."
asleep只能放在系动词后面。
答案C
togoskatinginMichiganeverywinter,butI______forthepastfiveasons.
'''tgo
答案B
udtodo过去常常做某事
_______asamaterialforsculpturesincethetimeoftheearlyGreeks.
nud
答案D
6."Whendidyoudecidetobeadoctor?"
"Letmee.I'mtwenty,andIhavewantedtobeadoctorsince______."
ndC
since接过去时的句子或过去时的状语
答案D
(八)现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时表示在现在以前这段时间里一直在进行的动作,该动作可能仍在进行,也可能已经停止了一会儿。
现在完成进行时的谓语形式:have/hasbeen+现在分词。
We'vejustbeentalkingaboutyou.
I'vebeensittinghereallafternoon.
Howlonghasitbeensnowing?
Ihavebeenwantingtomeetyouforalongtime.
Recentlyhehasbeendoinghisworkquiteregularly.
所有的动词都可以有现在完成进行时,但是有些动词用于现在完成进行时和现在完成时意义差别不大,有些则只能
用于现在完成进行时中。
He'sbeenshavingsincelastyear.(不能用hasshaved)
You'vebeensayingthatfortwoyears.(不能用havesaid)
Myfatherhasbeenwritinglettersallthismorning.(不能用haswritten)
I'vebeengoingtothesamegrocer'ssincewelivedhere.(不能用havegone)
Howlonghaveyoubeenwaitingforme?(可以用havewaited)
Myfamilyhasbeenlivingherefortenyears.(可以用haslived)
有些动词不表延续不可以用在现在完成时,但所有动词都可以用在现在完成进行时。
1."Whohasbeenplanningthedance?"
"Everyoneintheclub________."
答案D
they_______sidebysidefortwentyyears,thetwoneighborsarenotveryfriendly.
nliving
beenliving
答案C
3."Youhaven'tgotthetextbookformychemistrycouryet."
"Iknow,andwe_______togetitforthelastfiveweeks."
ed
vebeentrying
forthelastfiveweeks表示延续的时间状语
答案A
(九)过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或情况,简单地说就是表示"过去的过去"。
过去完成时的谓语形式:had+过去分词。
Whenwegottothetheatre,theplayhadalreadystarted.
Hesuddenlyrememberedthathehadn'tlockedthedoorwhenheleft.
Bytheendofthatyearwehadtrainedmorethan1,000employees.
Theyhadbeenmarriedmanyyearsbeforeachildwasborntothem.
Nosoonerhadwelefttheschoolthanitbegantorain.(nosooner…than=assoonas一……就……,nosooner开头的句子
要倒装)
(十)过去完成进行时
表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始,一直延续到这一过去时间。这个时态必须以一过去的时间为前提。
过去完成进行时的谓语形式:hadbeen+现在分词
IhadbeenlookingforitfourdaysbeforeIfoundit.
Thetelephonehadbeenringingforthreeminutesbeforeitwasanswered.
ldswereallunderwater.
Atlastwegottheletterwehadbeenexpecting.
1."finallyarrived?"
"Well,hecameatthreeo'clock,andI_______thedaybefore."
nwaitingsince
nwaitingfor
等某人waitforsb.
for接一段延续的时间,since接过去时间状语或过去时句子。
答案B
(十一)将来完成时
表示在将来某一时间之前完成的动作,并往往对将来某一时间产生影响。
将来完成时的谓语形式:will(shall)have+过去分词
Ishallhavefinishedreadingthebookbytheendofthisweek.
Beforelong,hewillhaveforgottenallaboutthematter.(beforelong不久)
Howmanywordswillyouhavelearntbytheendoftheterm?
Whenwegettherethey'llprobablyhaveleft.
Hewillhavefinishedhistermpaperbytheendofthismonth.
ehasbeentoSumatra(苏门达腊)andIran(伊朗)imeshe'stwenty,she______
almosteverywhere.
avebeen
答案C
imeyougettoGreenwichyou________themosthistoricpartsofLondon.
e
veen
答案D
主要复习了动词的十一个时态。重点记忆主句将来时,时间状语从句、条件状语从句用一般现在时。现在完成时
中for和since的区别,for接一段连续的时间状语,since接过去时句子或过去的时间状语。有for或since的现在完成时
句子中,动词只可以是表延续的动词。现在完成进行时可以接所有的动词。
进行时态的运用往往根据上下文来决定。
Bequiet,dentsofClassOnearehavingalisteningtest.
WhenIwascookingthepotatoes,Iforgottoputanysaltinit.
在运用完成时态时,应特别注意表示瞬息间动作的动词不能与for引导的一段时间状语连用。
瞬息间动词往往须换成"be+副词/介词结构"的形式,或选用句式"Itis/hasbeen+时间状语+since……"来表态。
1."Havethevisitorsarrived?"
"Yes,theyhavebeenhereforanhour."
imewegottothecinema,thefilm_______forhalfanhour.
non
(begun不表延续,答案D)
eenlessthanthreemonthssinceshejoinedthearmy./shehasbeeninthearmyforlessthanthreemonths.(不能说
Shehasjoinedthearmyforlessthanthreemonths.)
过去完成时也是一个相对的时态,是在过去的某个时间或动作之前发生的事。
oreheleft,he_________allthemistakesinhistranslation.
rrect
(答案A)
edmethepictureshehadtakenoftheanimalsthedaybefore.
过去将来时也是一个相对的时态,是在过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
Ihadadiscussionwithmytutorandhopedhewouldgiveusanearlyreply.
Hesaidtheyweregoingtospendtheweekendinthecountryside.
四、被动语态
(一)被动语态的构成:be+过去分词
一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时was/were+过去分词
一般将来时shall/will+be+过去分词
过去将来时should/would+be+过去分词
现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词
过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词
现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词
过去完成时hadbeen+过去分词
情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词
(二)被动语态的基本用法
当句子的主语和谓语呈被动关系,即主语是动作的承受者时(相对于执行者),谓语要用被动语态。具体说来,被
动语态主要用于以下两种情况:
1.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者。
PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.
Suchbooksarewrittenforchildren.
Everythinghasbeentakenaway.
Whenwillthemuumbeopenedforthepublic?
Iwasbornin1980.
2.动作的承受者是谈话的中心。
Thecompositionwaswrittenwithgreatcare.
Thequestionsarettledthroughnegotiation.(negotiation谈判)
Theflowerswillbeplantednextweek.
Heissaidtobeagoodteacher.
Forthishewasoftenmadefunof.(makefunof开玩笑)
若要同时将动作的执行者表达出来,往往可以在执行者前面加上by。
I'mpuzzledbywhattheteacherhassaid.
ThedoorwaslockedbymewhenIlefttheroomlastnight.
Theconstructionoftheroadhasbeenheldupbyaflood.(holdup阻碍、阻挡)
Hewasnttoschoolbyhisparentswhenhewasonlyfiveyearsold.
(三)被动句与主动句的关系
被动句的主语实际上是主动句的宾语,主动句变为被动句时,主语往往被省略。
Weaskedtheteachertoexplainthedifficultntencesagain.-Theteacherwasaskedtoexplainthedifficultntences
again.
Ifoundapoorgirllyingontheground.-Thepoorgirlwasfoundlyingontheground.
Mymotherboughtmeapairofnewshoes.-Iwasboughtapairofnewshoes;-Apairofnewshoeswasboughtforme.
Whenwecametothetheatre,wefoundalltheatsoccupied.-Whenwecametothetheatre,alltheatswerefound
occupied.
Theypainttheirhouswhiteinspring.-Theirhousarepaintedwhiteinspring.
Thepeopleinthetownrecognizehimasagenius.-Heisrecognizedasageniusbythepeopleinthetown.
有些动词,如let,make,hear,e,watch,notice,have(让,使),feel等,在主动语态中,其后面的不定式作宾语补
足语时to被省略,但在被动语态中需将to表达出来。在被动语态中,如果一个简单句中有两个动词,后一动词一定要
加to.
Isawhimturnroundthecorner.-Hewasentoturnroundthecorner.
Theteachermadethestudentscopythentencesmanytimesuntiltheycouldmakentencesthemlves.-Thestudents
weremadetocopythentencesmanytimesuntiltheycouldmakentencesthemlves.
含有被动意义的主动语态:
(1)某些连系动词,如smell,taste,sound,prove,feel.
Theflowerssmellsweet.
Thefoodtastesnice.
(2)某些与can't,won't等连用的不及物动词,如move,lock,shut,open.
Itcan'tmove.(不能说Itcan'tbemoved.)
Thedoorwon'tshut.
(3)某些可和well,easily等副词连用的不及物动词,如read,write,wash,clean,draw,burn,cook.
Theclothwasheswell.
Thepoemreadssmoothly.
Themeatiscooking.
动词的语态部分主要应掌握被动语态的基本用法及其在不同的时态中的表现形式。
insaquestionwhenthenewclassroombuilding_________.
ncompleted
ncompleted
(答案A)
erknowsJane;they_____toeachotherataparty.
roduced
nintroduced
(主动语态:.)
(答案C)
被动语态部分还须特别注意动词make,hear,e等词,其后面用动词不定式作补足语时,to应该保留。
Thowhowon'tworkshouldbemadetowork.
Theteacherwasmadetogiveuphisteachingbecauofpoorhealth.(giveup放弃;health名词;healthy形容词;breath
名词;breathe动词)
rntimes,greatfemalechefshavebecomeknown,andsomeofthebestcookbooks_______bywomen.
enwritten
答案D
2.________anewshoppingcenterwillbebuiltherenextyear.
Itissaidthat据说
答案C
assometimeshavetowaitforyearsbeforethey_______fully.
eived
they指代newideas
receive:1.收到别人给予的东西,不含收件人是否愿意接受之义。
Ireceivedaletterfromagoodfriendofmineyesterday.
2.也可表示"得到","领受","遭受"之意。
Thebookwasfavorablyreceivedbythepublic.
Accept:"收到",强调主观意愿决定"接受","收授"。而receive只表示收到,不一定接受。
Shereceivedagiftfromhim,butdidnotacceptit.
receive与accept在表示赞成某一看法,意见时可以换用。
Themoralcodeisnowreceived/acceptedbyall.
答案C
parksvisitors_________tokeepoffthegrass.
ested
keepoff远离
答案C
mbered________tothezoobyhisfatherwhenhewaslittle.
entaken
remeberdoing记得过去做的事情
答案B
h________inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.
ngtaught
ntaught
inthepastfewyears近几年。现在完成时
答案C
machines_______nextmonth.
pair
verepair
被动语态必不可少的时系动词be
答案A
mswerethenemptyandmostofthem_______.
tup
nshutup
答案D
eyhadfinishedplaying,thechildrenweremade_______allthetoystheyhadtakenout.
way
way
putaway将某物收起来,放入箱子或抽屉
答案B
分析句子首先要判断主语能不能发出谓语的动作,如果不能发出动作,就选择被动语态,然后再考虑不同的时态。
五、情态动词
情态动词有can,could,may,might,must,should,oughtto,need,dare,hadbetter,wouldrather等。情态动词相当于助
动词,不能单独使用,必须再接动词原型。oughtto整个相当于情态动词,否定是在情态动词后加not,但是oughtto
的否定是oughtnotto。
1.can,could
表示能力、允许、客观可能性。
Sheisonlyfour,butshecanread.
IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?
Thissortofthingcan'tgoon.
Icouldn'tfollowherspeech.
Couldyoulendmeyourbike?
Firecan'tdestroygold.真金不怕火练
2.may,might
表示允许、猜测。
Thedialectofoneprovincemaybequitedifferentfromthatofthenextone.
Studentsmaynotstayoutaftermidnightwithoutwrittenpermission.(stayout在外边待的很晚)
Heaskedhismotherifhemightgoouttoplay.
"MayIopenthewindow?""Yes,plea./Pleadon't./No,youmustn't."(may如果要否定用mustn't,could和might
用在现在时表委婉的说法)
3.must
表示"肯定"、"准是",还可以表示"必须",与haveto意思接近,但must侧重说明主观看法,haveto强调客观需要。
must时主观表达方式,haveto是客观表达方式。mustn't表示"千万不要"、"一定不要"。
Ifyoumustgo,atleastyouwaittilltherainisover.
Teachersalwaystelluswemustdoeverythingstepbystep.
--MustIgotomorrow?
--No,youneedn't.(Yes,I'一般疑问句的否定用needn't来回答)
Hehastotidyuptheroomeveryday.(tidyup打扫干净)
(Hemusttidyuptheroomeveryday.)
Wehavetostudyaforeignlanguage.
Youmustn'ttalklikethattoyourparents.
4.oughtto,should
表示应该做的事和非常可能的事。
Yououghttogotoeadoctorforyoudon'tlookwell.
Youshouldn'ttalklikethat.
Theoldmansaidyououghttotellthepolice.
Yououghtn'ttosmokesomucheveryday.
TheworkoughttobefinishedbynextFriday.
Thebookshouldbeavailableinthebookstore.(available可得到的)
5.need
表示"需要"。need可以当情态动词,也可以做实义动词。
NeedIcome?-Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't)
Allyouneeddoistosayyestohisquestions.
Hesaidheneedn'thurry.
need还可以作实义动词,后面接动名词时相当于被动结构。
Youdon'tneedtostay.(=Youneedn'tsay.)
Doesheneedtoknowit?(=Needheknowit?)
needs/wants/requires+doing相当于被动语态。
Thequestionneeds/wants/requiresdiscussing.(=needstobediscusd.)
Myshoesneedrepairing.(Myshoesneedtoberepaired.)
物作主语时need接doing表被动。
6.dare
表示“敢”,也可以作实义动词,主要用于否定句、疑问句。
Thebossissohot-temperedthatnoonedaretellhimthebadnews.(so……that如此……以至于)
Whodarestopyou?
Hedoesn’tdaretolookoutofthewindow.
情态动词没有人称性数的变化,有人称性数变化的一定是实义动词。
Shedarenotsaywhatshethinks.(=Shedoesn’tdaretosaywhatshethinks.)
7.hadbetter
表示“最好”。否定为hadbetternot
Ihadbetternotdisturbhim.
Wehadbettergoandethedoctornow.
8.wouldrather
表示“宁愿”,后面接从句时,从句的谓语用一般过去时。否定用wouldrathernot。
I’drathernotsayanything.
Johnwouldratherworkinacompanythaninafactory.
Shewouldratherhavethesmallorangesthanthelargeones.
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
(wouldsooner迟早,后的宾语从句用虚拟语气,一般过去时。)
Iwouldsoonershelefttheheavyendoftheworktosomeoneel.
有些情态动词,如can,could,may,might,must,oughtto,should后面可以接动词的完成形式,表示对已经发生的事
的猜测或对应该发生的事的看法。
Theyshouldn’thaveleftsosoon.
Theymusthavebeenthroughalot.
Ineedn’thavetoldthemthat.
Hecan’thaveleftforShanghaiforIsawhimamomentago.
Howcouldyouhaveforgottensuchanimportantthing?
Theymusthavearrivedbynow.
Yououghtn’ttohavedonethat.
htn’ttohavehurtherfeelings.
“Iwaslateyesterdaybecaumycarbrokedown.”(broke的原型是break,这里表抛锚的意思)“Youshouldhave
’tusingit.”
情态动词部分除了应了解每个词的具体含义之外,情态动词的否定是在后面加not。特别要注意hadbette和would
rather的否定。oughtto的否定是oughtnotto。wouldrather后面接句子只能用一般过去时。can、could、may、might、
must、oughtto、should后接动词完成式表示对过去事情的猜测。
“may/might+现在完成时”表示“也许已经……了”;
“must+现在完成时”表示“肯定……了”;
“can/could+现在完成时”表示“本来是能够……的(实际上未)”;
“should/oughtto+现在完成时”表示“本应该……(实际上未)”。
/mighthavereadaboutitinthenewspapers.
isdark;theBrowns_______tobed.
vegone
(答案D)
bandcouldhavehelpedher,buthechonotto.(choo)
_______yesterdayifyouwerereallyriousaboutthejob.
avecome
(答案Crious严肃的)
此外,考生还应注意need和dare这两个词,它除了是情态动词外,还可以是实义动词,在不同的情况下用法有差
别
elfromEnglandtoScotlandyou_______apassport.
’’’’t
(情态动词后要接动词原型答案C)
needs________,buttheyplantowaituntilnextspringtodoit.
ted
(答案C)
1.“Doyouhavetoleave?”
“Sorry,butIreally_____.”
答案D
ogotothedentist,butyou________withme.
’’tgo
’
neen't为情态动词,后接动词原型
don'tneed为实义动词,后面接to
答案B
3.“______youpassmethesalt?”
“uare.”
答案C
4.“Ihaven’tfeltwellforaweek.”
“You______eadoctor.”
ter
ather
答案B
5.“Doesn’tElainewanttoethatmovie?”
“Yes,butshesays_______gotonight.”
’’drathernot
’’trather
wouldrather的否定词放在rather的后面,动词的前面。
答案B
6.“Listen,Maryissinginginthenextroom.”
“That______’sinhospital.”
n’’t
答案D
______movingfromcountrytocountry.
vegone
答案C
’he____tothelibrary.
havegone
shouldhavegone应该……而实际上没……
答案C
9.“What’sthematterwiththatpictureonthewall?”
“Itneeds_________.”
hten
答案A
10.“Tomgraduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.”
“He_________anoutstandingstudent.”
havebeen
对过去推测,情态动词后接现在完成时。
答案C
ladeneeds________afterhershock.
ndC
答案D
六、非谓语动词
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词。否定形式在前面加not。
(一)不定式:to+动词原形
简单句中如果已经有一个动词做谓语,那么再有一个动词就要在这个动词前加to做不定式。不定式在句子中可以
作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等。
Toeistobelieve.(眼见为实)
有时用it做形式主语,真正的主语放在句子最后。
Itonlytookusayeartofinishthework.
Onceyougetintothehabitofsmoking,you’llfinditextremelydifficulttogetoutofit.(getintothehabit养成……习惯)
Shelikestoplaybasketballthisafternoon.
Theimportantthingistosavepeople.
Nottograspfirmlyisnottograspatall.(不定式的否定放在to的前面)
Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.(thinkof想起)
Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandlasttoleavetheoffice.
Ihavenothingtosayontheproblem.
Theywarnedhimnottoletoutthecret.(letout泄露)
Weareallhappytohearofthegoodnews.
Let’shurrysoasnottobelateforthemeeting.(soastodosth.以便为了做某事)
如果not不是放在to的前面,那么它不是否定不定式而是否定整个句子。
Theydidn’twarnhimtoletoutthecret.
Theywarnhimnottoletoutthecret.
(一)不定式:to+动词原形
不定式在let,have,make(让,使),e,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel等后面作宾语补足语时to应省略,在被动
语态中to应保留。
Thecoachhastheteampracticehardeverynightinthepasttwoyears.
Isawamancomeintotheclassroomandtalkwiththeteacher.
Don’tforgettohavehimcometonight.
Wefeltthehoushake.
Thehouwasfelttoshake.
Someonewasheardtocomeupthestairs.
在help后,不定式可以带to也可以不带to.
Helpme(to)gethimtobed.
Hehelpherliftthebox.
Hehelpedhertomountthebike.
Shewashelpedtoliftthebox.
当不定式和其修饰的词有动宾关系时,动词如果是不及物动词,后面就要有必要加介词。
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
Isthissomethingtobeashamedof?
Ineedapentowritewith.
Givemesomepapertowriteon.
Let’sfindaroomtoputthethingsin.
2.不定式的逻辑主语
不定式前面可以加for或of引导的短语作逻辑主语,说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,或不定式指的是谁的情
况。
Itisagreathonorforustobeprentatthisparty.
Itwillbeamistakeforusnottohelpthem.
Itishardforonetodoabitofgood.
在某些形容词如kind,good,nice,wi,unwi,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,
naughty,impolite等作表语时,用of引导短语。
It’skindofyoutoletmeuyourdictionary.
It’sunwiofthemtoturndowntheproposal.(turndown拒绝)
It’sveryniceofyoutoattendourpartytonight.
3.不定式的完成式、进行式、被动式
当不定式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生时,不定式要用完成式:tohave+过去分词;当不定式的动作与
谓语所表示的动作同时发生时,不定式要用进行时:tobe+现在分词;当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承
受者时,不定式要用被动式:tobe+过去分词。完成式意味着不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前,如果是进行时意味着
不定式的动作和谓语动作同时发生,当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动式。
I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.
Imeanttohavetoldyouaboutit,butIforgottodoso.
Theyemedtobesatisfiedwiththeresult.
Thisisthedaynottobeforgotten.
Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.
Theyemtobegettingalongquitewell.
Hepretendedtobesleepingwhenhismothercamein.
在有些结构中,不定式的逻辑主语虽然是不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式仍用主动形式
Wehavealotofworktodo.
Givemesomethingtoeat.
Theyfoundthebookhardtounderstand.
Hehasnoonetotakecareof.(takecare照顾、照料)
没有什么人需要他照顾。
Hehasnoonetotakecareofhim.没有谁照顾他。
一个简单句同时出现两个动词时,在后面的动词前加to。使意动词和感观动词主动语态前不加to。不定式的完成
式、进行式、被动式的概念。
不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(主要是目的状语)、宾语补足语。
1.“Wheredoyousuggestgoing?”
“Wepromid_______thechildrentotheWestLake.”
(suggestdoingsth.或suggestthat+(should)动词原型)
(Wheredoyousuggestthatweshouldgo?)
(答案B)
ygovernmentmusttakeaction________theincreasingpopulation.
lled
(答案A)
istswarnusnot_________forprettycolors,sincethecarwillcomeingray.
ked
(答案C)
考生应特别注意在主动语态中,不定式在let,make,have(使,让),e,hear等词后面作宾语补足语时,to应省略,
但在被动语态中to应保留。
kersaskedthefactoryownertolethimgo.
ldrenweremadetorepeattheirparents’wordsforveraltimes.
1.“I’uspeakingtome?”
“Yes,ouplea_________inthisroom?”
ke
e
wouldyouplea+动词原型
答案B
asnothingtheycoulddo______calmly.
wait
theywaited
nothingtheycandobutdosth.
答案A
oesn’twant_______whattobuy.
wifetotellhim
swifetellshim
答案C
rentsallowtheirchildren_______owndecisions.
the
the
答案C
5.“HowcanMarygethermoneyback?”
“Iadvid______tothemanager.”
peak
hbyher
答案B
advithat+虚拟语气
Iadvithatsheshouldspeaktothemanager.
6.“Mybrothersayshewon’thelpus.”
“Oh,perhapsIcanpersuadehim_______.”
helps
答案A
’tmakehim_______itifhedoesn’twantto.
do
答案A
8.“Whereareyougoing?”
“Tohelptheneighbors_______thedinnerparty.”
dyfor
ingready
getreadyfor为……准备
答案B
9.“Canyourideahor?”
“hadthechance______.”
rninghow
nhow
答案D
’tgotachair_______.
ting
答案B
ygovernmentmusttakeaction_______theincreasingpopulation.
lled
答案A
12.“IfJohndoesn’tcometoworkontime,hemaybefired.”
“Surelyheisn’tsofoolish______nottorealizethat.”
notso/as…as
答案A
dtogoonaholidaylastDecember,butthereweresomanythings______.
odothem
ddoing
答案A
mittedthatitwasalwaysdifficult________.
beingontime
ntimeforhim
不定式有逻辑主语的话要放在不定式的前面
答案A
es_______somethingfromthesale.
ldbegetting
对某人来说是forsb.
答案A
16._______nonmywaytotheshops.
enedmethatImet
nedtomeet
happentodosth.碰巧做某事
答案D
17.I’mnotsurewhichrestaurant________.
ing
答案A
18.“Ineedonlythreemoreplatesforthebarbecue.”野餐
“IwishIhadmore_____.”
dingyou
you
lend某人东西借给别人
borrow从别人那里借东西
.从别人那里借
.=.
答案D
nearthefire_______warm.(sit)
ting
答案A
20.“HasFredtoldanyoneelabouthisdismissal?”
“Yes,hedecided________.”
eepitacret
eepitcretly
dismissal撤职
cret做名词秘密
cretly做副词偷偷摸摸地
答案B
redthework______.
tatonce
start
答案C
22.“ixpectedbackatnoon.”
“Wouldyouhavehim_____methen,plea?”
答案A
(二)动名词:动词原形+ing(构成方法与现在分词相同)
1.动名词的用法
动名词在句子中可以作主语、表语、定语、宾语等。
Travelingabroadcanbeveryexciting.(主语)
(主语是物用exciting,主语是人用excited。(I'mexcited.))
Seeingisbelieving.
Whathelikesisplayingchessaftersupper.
Hehasn'tmuchhopeofrealizinghiswish.
Sheisafraidofgoingoutaloneatnight.(beafraidof害怕做某事)
Asthethree-dayconferenceiscomingtoanend,thechairmanisbusypreparingtheclosingspeech.(bebusydoing忙于做
某事)
Theydon'tapproveofhiswayoflookingatthings.
(approveof赞成)
在句型Itisnou/uless/uful/nless,Itisnogood,Itisworthwhile,Itisawasteoftime等中,作主语的必须是
动名词。
'strytothinkoutawaytosolvetheproblem.(thinkout想出……)
It''swalkhome.
It'swasteoftimearguingaboutit.
Thoughitmaytakesometime,itisworthwhiletrying.
同样的结构在句子中作形式宾语和宾语补足语时,真正的宾语也必须用动名词
Idon''sdoourhomework.
Weagreeitworthwhiletryingitagain.
Shefounditulessarguingwithherparentsabouthermarriage.
Hethoughtitabsolutelyulessattemptingtheimpossible.
Doyouconsideritgoodtryingagain?
2.动名词作宾语
1)动名词作介词的宾语。
They'realloppod(objected)toputtingthemeetingoff.(oppoto反对……to是介词putoff推迟)
I'vebeenlookingforwardtoattendingthepartyforalongtime.
(lookforwardto盼望做某事)
Sheisafraidoffallingbehindtheothers.
beafraidof:害怕做某事,害怕发生某种后果;beafraidtodosth.:不敢做某事。I'mafraidtogobackhome,forIcan't
passtheexam.
Idon'tfeellikeeatinganything.
Theypreferdrivingtowalking.(preferdoingtodoing)
Shehurriedbacktoschoolforfearofmissingtoomanylessons.
(fearof害怕)
stomedto习惯
注意udto和beudto,getudto的区别。udto后面接动词原形,表示"过去经常干某事",beudto和get
udto后面接名词、代词、动名词,表示"习惯于某事"。
Iudtobeateacherinthisschool.
Shedidn'tutorecitesomanynewwordsaday.
Mysisterisudtowalkingtoschoolalone.
Mymotherwasn'tudtolivinginthecitywhenshewasalive.
2)动名词作动词的宾语
有些动词,finish,stand(容忍),avoid,suggest,can'thelp,mind,admit,enjoy,delay,practice,consider,deny,keep(on),
insiston,giveup,havedifficulty/trouble(in)等,后面必须接动名词(不能接不定式)作宾语。
Wouldyoumindfillingouttheform?
Ihaven'tfinishdoingmyhomework.
Ienjoywalkingalongtheriverbankaftersupper.
Asthepriceofthecomputerkeeps(on)goingdown,moreandmorefamiliescanaffordit.
Thegirlinsistsonlivingalone.
有些动词,如remember,forget,need,want,try,mean,regret,stop,goon等,后面既可以接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,
但两种结构意义上有差别。
Iremembereingyouoncesomewhere.(rememberdoing记得过去的事情)
Plearemembertobringthebooknexttimewhenyoucometomyhome.(remembertodosth.记得要做的事情)
Iregretnotlisteningtoyouradvice.(regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事)
Iregrettoinformyouthatyou'redismisdfromthecompany.(regrettodosth.对未发生的事情感到遗憾)
I'llneverforgeteingtheGreatWallforthefirsttime.(forgetdoing忘记过去的事情)
Don'tforgettocomeearliernexttime.(forgettodo忘记要做的事情)
Shedoesn'twant(need)tocome.(want想)
Thehouwants(needs)cleaning.(want后接doing主语一定是物)
Tryknockingatthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.(trydoing试一试)
Wemusttrytofinishtheassignmentbeforethebosscomesback.(trytodo设法做某事)
Failingintheexammeanswaitingforanotheryear.(meandoing意味着)
Imeanttohelpyou.(meantodo打算做某事)
Hestoppedsmokinglastweek.(stopdoing停止某事)
Hestoppedtosmokeafterhefinishedthisarticle.(stoptodo停下来开始做另外一件事)
MygoodfriendtoldmethatIshouldn'tgoonlivinglikethat.(goondoing继续做某事)
HavingvisitedtheTiananmenSquare,thetouristguidewentontoshowusaroundthecity.(goontodo接下来干另一件
事)
3.动名词的逻辑主语
动名词的逻辑主语说明动名词所表示的动作是谁做的。物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词、名词所有格都可以作动名
词的逻辑主语。
Doyoumindmyreadingyourbook?(比较:Doyoumindreadingthebook?)
Doyouthinktherewillbeanychanceofmyeinghimagain?
Iremembermotheroncementioningaboutit.
Shehatespeoplelosingtheirtempers.(loone'stemper发脾气)
Sheinsistedontheirbothattendingthemeeting.
Thebaby'scryingannoyeditsmother.
4.动名词的被动式、完成式
构成:being+过去分词。当动名词的逻辑主语或句子的主语是动名词所表示的动作的承受者时,动名词要用被动
形式。
Theproblemisfarfrombeingttled.
Myfive-year-oldsondidn'tmindbeingleftathomethewholemorning.
Icouldn'tbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.(bear容忍;makefunof取笑)
Thechildavoidedbeingnttoschoolbyrunningawayquickly.(avoiddoingsth.)
当动名词表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前时,动名词要用完成式。构成:having+过去分词。
Shedeniedhavingshotthebird.
Hewaspraidforhavingmadesuchagreatcontributiontothefactory.(makeacontributionto对……做贡献)
Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromi.
Wehavenoideaofhishavingbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.
Idon'trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod.(remeberdoing记得过去发生的事情;动名词完成
时被动式,构成为:havingbeen+过去分词。)
在want,need,derve,require,beworth,等动词后,尽管表示的是被动的意思,却用动名词的主动形式。
Mypenneedsfilling.
Thequestionrequiresstudyingwithgreatcare.
Whoneedslookingafter?
Theplaceisworthvisiting.
to______thefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.
udto+动词原型
答案B
______eatsomanysweetthings.
d
''tu
答案C
ftenwearsaheavycoatbecauheisnotud_____insuchacoldclimate.
答案B
eanbutIdon'tlike_______.
ging
动名词的逻辑主语可以由物主代词和名词代替。
答案B
5."WhyisFredsoupt?"
"Heisn'tud______criticized."
been
答案C
emember_______toProfessorSmithduringyourlastvisit?
ntroduced
introduced
答案B
主动语态中介绍某人.
7."IsGeorgereallyleavingtheuniversity?"
"ldyoumind_______toanyone?"
entionit
entioningit
答案A
'snou_______togetabargainthedays.
pecting
itisnoudoing
答案C
ookingforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimlfto_______her.
答案C
'snou________yourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.
ting
蛋未孵勿先数;不要过早乐观
答案A
htitwasworthwhile_______ahundredmilestoethebasketballgame.
riven
答案B
elittlegirlgotbackheranswersheet,shecouldnothelp_____.
can'thelpdoing
答案D
ber______mybooksomewherebutjustcan'tfindit.
tting
答案C
'tforget________thelightwhenyouleavetheoffice.
f
forgettodo忘记要做的事情
forgetdoing忘记做过的事情
答案A
aveany_______thentence?
ultyinunderstanding
ultiestounderstand
haveanydifficultyindoingsth.
答案B
16."Ifyou'dbeenheretenminutearlier,youcouldhaveenthedoctor."
"ButIcouldn'thelp______.Trafficwasheavy."
ss
答案B
17."Howdoyoulikeyourapartment?"
"onsidering________ourlea."
enew
ngnot
considerdoingsth.
lea租约、租契
答案C
18."Janehatestodoherhomework."
"That'snatural!Noone________it."
injoyingtodo
enjoystodo
enjoydoingsth.
really放在实义动词前系动词后
答案A
gretted_________theearlierflight.
nottaken
dnottake
(Ericregrettednottakingtheearlierflight.)
答案C
20."I'mverytired."
"Wereallyshouldstop_______andgotobed."
udying
答案B
ckythatthecarsstopped_______thedog.
ding
答案B
llbeastallasyousoon,ifthey______.
growlikeit
epgrowinglikethat
答案C
(二)动名词
在句子中可以作主语、表语、定语、宾语。考生应特别注意有些动词。如mind,enjoy,avoid后面作宾语的只能是动
名词,而有些只能是不定式,有些如remember,forget,stop既可接动名词又可接不定式,但意义有差别。
oumind________alittlelessnoi?
made
(答案C)
ber________heratapartylastweekend.
met(答案B)
tremember_________backtheumbrellatomorrow.
brought(答案A)
(三)分词
1.现在分词与过去分词的区别
现在分词表示主动或表示动作正在进行。
Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
Hiswordsmademethinkingalot.
过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成。
TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.
Therewassomuchnoithatthespeakercouldn'tmakehimlfheard.
2.分词的用法
分词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。
Whoisthewomanstandingbythedoor?(定语)
Thegirldresdinwhiteismysister.(定语)
Aletterpostedtodaywillprobablyreachinthedayaftertowmorrow.(定语)
Thetheorysoundsquiteconvincing.(表语物作主语表语是ing的形式,人作表语分词用ed的形式。)
Sheemedquitedelightedattheidea.(表语)
Workinginthisway,theygreatlyreducedthecost.(状语)
Notevenpausingtoputonthecoat,Iranoutofthedoor.(状语)
BuiltinMingDynasty,thebridgeisover800yearsold.(状语)
Doyoueaboyrunningtowardsus?(宾语补足语)
(感官动词如:e,hear,feel,watch后可跟动名词,也可跟不定式,但意思有区别。Doyoueaboyruntowardsus?)
You'dbetterhaveyourshoesmended.(宾语补足语,让别人作某事)
Ifstudentsarecaughtcheatinginexams,theywillbekickedoutofschool.(宾语补足语,(th.:驱赶某人。
Theyknockedhimout(oftheclub)forfighting.)
实义动词have后面可以接三种形式作宾语补足语:现在分词,过去分词,省略to的不定式。
have接现在分词(表示持续的动作)
Thehuntershadthefireburningallthenightinthewoods.
have接过去分词(表示被动)
Mymotherhadherhaircutassoonasshefinishedherwork.
Lipinghadtwoofhisteethknockedoutinthefightatschool.
have接省略to的不定式(表示"让某人干某事")。
Theteacheralwayshasusrecitetexts.
3.分词作状语
与谓语动词相比,作状语的分词表示的都是比较次要的动作。它可以表示时间、条件和原因,也可以说明谓语动作
发生的背景,描述谓语动作的状况或伴随谓语动作发生的情况。
Theysatfacingeachother.(伴随)
Sheleftthehallstillweeping.(伴随)
Insistingthatwewerenottired,weurgedhimtogoon.(urge要求,让)
分词变否定,在分词前加not。
Notknowinghisaddress,wecouldn'tgetintouchwithhim.(getintouchwithsb.和某人保持联系,原因)
Seeingthopictures,Icouldn'thelpthinkingofthedayswespenttogether.(时间)
Absorbedinthework,heneglectedfoodandsleep.(背景)
Hesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.(原因)
Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksmagnificent.(条件)
分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般就是句子的主语,逻辑主语无需表达出来。当两者不一致时,分词的逻辑主语应
明确表达出来。
Sherushedintotheroom,herfacecoveredwithsweat.
Weatherpermitting,we'llhaveapicnictomorrow.
Hereyesdimmedwithtears,shedidnotehermotherenter.(dim模糊)
Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.
(beofvalue=bevaluable)
4.现在分词的完成式与被动式
当分词表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前时,分词应用完成式。构成:having+过去分词。
Havingfinishedhishomework,theboybegantowatchTV.
Nothavingmadeadequatepreparations,theythoughtitbettertopostponetheworktillnextweek.
Theguesthavingleft,theycontinuedtheirdiscussion.
在表示被动的含义时,如果该动作此刻正在进行,或与谓语表示的动作同时发生,就要用现在分词的被动形式。构
成:being+过去分词。
Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.
You'llfindthetopicbeingtalkedabouteverywhere.
过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以表示被动,试比较下面两例,看一看两者之间的区别。
DoyouknowanythingaboutthemeetingbeingheldinBeijing?(会议正在进行)
DoyouknowanythingaboutthemeetingheldinBeiing?(会议已经结束)
现在分词被动式表示正在干什么,过去分词被动式表示已经发生的事。
(三)分词
eturnedhome,Ifoundthewindowopenandanumberofthings_____.
东西用miss要用现在分词。
答案C
manyyearsago,itwasan______experiencetotravel25or50milesfromhome.
ngly
答案B
theguests_______tothepartywerefromothercities.
ninvited
invitesb.邀请别人
答案B
ephonewasinventedin1876byaman_______AlexanderGrahamBell.
ed
D的正确答案为:whowasnamed)
答案A
5.________theroom,theteacherlaidtheinstrumentonthedevice.
beenentered
答案C
6._______thestreet,hewasknockeddownbyacar.
rosd
rosd
答案A
torsoonmadethe_______patientfeelatea.
s
答案A
eclearlyinorderto_______.
munderstand
mlfunderstand
答案C
______tohearthatamanofyourageandwithsuchgoodnshouldtalkinthisway.
nish
答案C
ema,_______lastmonth,isverypopular,especiallyamongtheyoungpeopleinthetown.
opened
D的正确答案为havingbeenopened
答案A
alettertomyparents,________themthatIwouldspendtheNewYear'sDaywiththem.
答案A
ician,________forhissplendidspeech,waswarmlyreceivedbythestudents.
known
答案A
stswere_______inthefrontrows________tothepresidentattentively.
g;g;listening
;;listening
at:v.用于被动语态。beated:使某人就坐。
答案D
14."Whatexactlydidyoue,MissGarner?"
"Well,Isaw________."
menwhorobabank
D的正确答案为:twomenwhorobbedabank
答案C
oube_______bytheideaofgoingtoGreece?
dly
excitable:易兴奋的,易激动的。anexcitablechild一个易兴奋的孩子;anexcitableraceofpeople一个易冲动的民族。
答案A
16."Whydidyouleavethemeetingearly?"
"Ifoundthediscussion________."
m
B的正确答案:I'mbored.
boredomn.厌烦
答案A
eanythingyouwantfromtown?Iamgoingtoget_______.
letters
ettersmail
get=have
让别人做某事
答案A
ingtomyapartment_______.
mywatchdisappeared
chwasmisd
答案C
ingmerrytune,___________.
ewasfixedbyJack
sfixedwiththetire
答案C
lthfailing,_______in1782.
yLeewentonleavefromthearmy
ygaveHenryLeeleave
earmygaveHenryLeeleave
eewentonleavefromthearmy
goonleave休假
答案D
r_______,thepicnicwillbeheldasscheduled.
permit
答案B
22.______leftbeforethedeadline,itdoesn'temlikelythatJohnwillfinishthejob.
chashort
chashorttime
C的正确答案为:withsoshortthetime
答案D
(三)分词
考试重点:考生应特别注意现在分词与过去分词的区别,区别这两类分词的标准主要有两点:
(1)看动词所表示的动作是主动的还是被动的,主动的用现在分词,反之用过去分词。
(2)看动作是正在进行还是已经完成,动作正在进行用现在分词,动作已经完成用过去分词。如:
ndherhusbandsurroundedbylettersandpapersand________veryworried.
g
(答案D)
________intovaporbythesunfallsasrain.
ed(答案B)
sa________________country.
ped;ping;developed
ping;ped;developing
(答案B)
七、虚拟语气
虚拟语气主要表示假想虚拟的情况以及主观愿望、建议、命令等。
(一)虚拟语气的基本用法
1.在含if引导的条件句的复合句中
如果假设的情况不可能发生或发生的可能性不大,则主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟语气在不同语态中的
表现形式如下:
1)一般现在时
从句:过去式(be动词多用were)
主句:would/could/might+动词原形
如:IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.
Ifitweren'training,wewouldn'tstayathome.
2)一般过去时
从句:had+过去分词
主句:would/could/might+have过去分词
如:Shewouldhavecomeifshehadn'tbeensobusy.
Youwouldn'thavecaughtcoldifyouhadputonmoreclothes.
3)一般将来时
从句:过去时,或wereto/should+动词原形
主句:would/should+动词原形
如:IfIwereto(should)doit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.
Wewouldn'tlocourageifweshould(wereto)failagain.
有时从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间不一致,谓语形式要根据具体的时间来调整。
Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'sadvice,youwouldn'tbeinhospitalnow.
IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.
有时候假设的情况通过介词短语、上下文等来表示,这时句子仍然要用虚拟语气。
Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.
iIwouldhaveattendedthemeeting.
Iwouldhavewrittenbefore,butIhavebeenill.
Shewouldhavecried,butthathewouldlaugh.(Butthat:要不是)
条件从句中如果含有助动词be,have,should,可以将if省略,把这些词放到主语的前面。
Hadwemadepreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.
Shouldtherebeastorm,whatshouldwedo?
Hadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpher.
2.在asif,asthough引导的从句中
asif,asthough引导的从句,如果表示的情况与现实不符,从句需用虚拟语气。表示现在的情况,谓语常用过去式,
表示过去的情况,谓语常用"had+过去分词"。如:
Irememberthewholethingasif(asthough)ithappened(were)yesterday.
HespoketomeasifIweredeaf.
Itemsasifitwassummertoday.
Itemedasifwinterhadcome
3.在wish后面的宾语从句中
从句如果表示的是现在的情况,谓语一般用过去式,如果表示的是过去的情况,谓语用"had+过去分词"。如:
IwishIwereasstrongasyou.
ManychildrenwishtheycouldetheMonkeyKing.
Hewisheshehadstudiedeconomyinsteadofmathematicswhenhewasatcollege.
4.在Itistime(that)后面的从句中
从句的谓语常用过去式。如:
Itistimewemadeadecision.我们该做决定了。
Itisabouttimeyouwenttoschool.你早该睡觉了。
Itishighttimethathepreparedforthecomingexamination.他早该为考试做准备了。
5.在suggest,propo,advi,recommend,order,demand,request,desire,insist(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句,
suggestion,proposal,advice,order等后面的表语和同位语从句,以及Itissuggested/requested/desired/propod/ordered
等后面的主语从句中,从句的谓语要用"should+动词原形"(should可以省略)。如:
Isuggestwetoffatonce.(toff出发)
Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)tellher.
Ouronlyrequestisthatthis(should)bettledassoonaspossible.
Thedoctorinsiststhathegiveupsmoking.
Shedesiresthatherhusbanddoit.
Itisdesiredthatheshouldgeteverythingreadybytomorrow.
Whatdoyouthinkofhisproposalthatacommitteebetuptolookintothematter?
Itwasorderedthattheyleavethecitywithinthreedays.
6.在Itisnecessary,Itisimportant,Itisntial,Itisstrange等后面的主语从句中,谓语用"should+动词原形"(should
可以省略)。如:
Itisnecessarythateverystudentrecitethenewwords.
Itisimportantthatascientist(should)keepupwiththelatestdevelopmentinhisfield.(keepupwith跟上、赶上)
Itisstrangethatshe(should)havefailedintheexam.
7.以lest(以免),forfearthat(以免)和inca(以免)引起的从句(谓语多用should加动词原形构成)
Hetookhisumbrellalestitshouldrain.
Heputhiscoatoverhissonforfearthat(lest)heshouldcatchcold.
Bringsomemoneyincayoushouldneedit.
(一)虚拟语气的基本用法
1.要掌握虚拟语气if条件从句和主句分别的结构。
2.特殊情况。
onfoot,buthe_______bybus.
gone
avegone
答案C
uldn'thaverunacrosstheroadwithoutlookinground,you______byacar.
avebeenknockeddown
eknockingdown
答案B
herubbishstillhere?Itoughtto_______yesterday.
rownaway
way
答案C
adtakenmyadvice,noneofthis________.
pened
pened
答案C
hing_______ifAlberthadn'tcalledthefiredepartmentimmediatelyafterthefirebrokeout.
edestroyed
avebeendestroyed
brokeout(breakout)爆发
答案D
'shightime________aboutthetrafficproblem.
hingisdone
gtobedone
答案A
cessarythatwe________haveagoodcommandofEnglishatcollege.
o
答案C
8.I_______worrytoomuchifIwereyou.
''''t
答案D
_______sooner,wemighthavegotthere.
答案B
10."Thetaxionlytooktenminutestogettothehotel."
"______youwerecomingtoday,I'dhavemetyouattheairport."
own
答案C
_______,wewouldberich.
esucceed
esucceed
答案A
________thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'tbesleepy.
''twatched
''thavewatched
答案B
13."Johnwantstoeyoutoday."
"Iwouldratherhe______tomorrowthantoday."
e
答案B
14.I'dratheryou_______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.
'''t
答案B
'sabouttimehe_______himlfawifeandttleddown.
nd
答案B
16."IletJoeborrowourradiofortheafternoon."
"That'sallright,butIwishhe_______buyoneofhisown."
答案C
_______tostudymathematicsyearsago.
d
答案C
siredthathe_______hisplan.
rryout
dout
答案C
erbloodpressureismuchhigherthanitshouldbe,herdoctorinsiststhatshe_______.
notsmoke
ndC
答案D
icechieforderedthatparking_______onMainStreetduringtherushhour.
ibiting
hibited
prohibit禁止
答案A
herrejectedmysuggestionthatshe_______herdaughterthenextweek.
答案C
masterrequestedthatwe______televisiononweeknights.
n''ndB
答案D
ursemasifthey_____.
everend
erended
答案B
24."Youfinallymadeit,didn'tyou?"
"Yes,_______yourhelp,Iwouldhavenotsucceeded."
to
butfor接名词跟虚拟语气
答案B
'shightimethechild_______howtobehaveproperly.
d
答案D
hattheweather________notsowarm.
答案C
虚拟语气的表现形式主要有两种。一种是改变时态,主要用于带if条件句的句子、asif从句、wish后面的从句、
Itistime后面的从句。如:
eyou,Iwouldtakethejob.
comeyesterday,Iwouldhavegoneforthepicnicwithyou.
eofthenoi,hewentonworkingasifnothingwerehappening.
shesthatshe________lawinsteadofhistorywhenshewasincollege.
died(答案D)
ghtime_________aboutthetrafficproblem
hingisdone
gtobedone
(答案A)
虚拟语气的另一种表现形式是谓语用"should+动词原形(should可以省略)"。常见于suggest,propo,order,insist
等词后面的宾语从句,Itissuggestedthat…等主语从句,以及suggestion,order,proposal等词后面的表语从句、同位语
从句。如:
stthatshe(should)benttohospitalassoonaspossible.
ggestedthat________awhilebeforewemakeadecision.
lwait
(答案B)
theproposalthatthedisputebettledbypeacefulmeans.
第九节基本句型13-1
英语的基本句型有五种:
1.主语+谓语动词(不及物动词)。如:
Mygrandmacanneitherreadnorwrite.
2.主语+谓语动词+宾语。如:
Morningexerciswilldoyoualotofgood.
3.主语+谓语动词+表语。如:
InBeijing,thebestasonoftheyearisprobablyautumn.
4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。如;
Theprofessorgaveusaspeechyesterday.
5.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。如:
Maryhadherhaircutyesterday.
第十节句子的分类
一、按用途分类
句子按用途分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
(一)陈述句
陈述句说明一个事实或是表达说话人的看法。如:
Shearrivedquiteearly.
Idon'teanypointinmakinganotherspeechonthisproblem.
(二)疑问句
疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1.一般疑问句
一般疑问句通常以助动词开始,要求以yes或no回答。如:
"Willyoupassonamessagetohim?""Yes,what'sit?"
"Doyoulikesports?""No,Ipreferreadinginmysparetime."
2.特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句以疑问代词开头,后面通常接一般疑问句,如果疑问词或其修饰的词作句子的主语,后面应用陈述句
句序。如:
Howmuchdidshecharge?
Whoisresponsiblefortheaccident?(beresponsiblefor为……负责)
"______doyourecordthetemperatureinthelab?"
"Everytwohours."
h(答案Chowoften表示频率,howsoon最
快……,howlong一段延续的时间,howmuch问价钱)
3.选择疑问句
选择疑问句在结构上类似于一般疑问句,选择的两部分由or连接起来。如:
Doyouprefercoffeeortea?-Eitherwilldo.
AreyoufromShanghaiorSuzhou?-I'mfromSuzhou.
4.反意疑问句
反意疑问句由两部分组成,前一部分用陈述句的形式,后一部分是一个简短的问句。如果前一部分用肯定形式,
后一部分通常用否定形式,前一部分用否定形式,后一部分就用肯定形式,两部分主语的人称、时态应保持一致。如:
Youaregoingouttoday,aren'tyou?
Wecan'ttakethebooksout,canwe?
当反意疑问句的前一部分是否定句,或含有no,nothing,never,hardly,ldom等词时,回答时应特别注意。
事实上肯定的用yes,事实上否定的用no。
Youwon'tbeawayforlong,willyou?-No,I'llbebackintenminutes.
Heishardlyten,ishe?-Yes,heisten.
Youhaven'tanyobjectiontotheidea,haveyou?-No,Ihaven't.(objectionto反对,to是介词)
Theyhavenoclasstomorrow,havethey?-No,theyhaven't.
日常用语中有些反意疑问句构成与上述不同,有其独特的方式。如:
Haveacupoftea,willyou?
Let'smeetatthestation,shallwe?
Whatalovelyday,isn'tit?
4.反意疑问句
ertoldushisphonenumber,_______?
''
答案D
'tthinkyou'veheardofhimbefore,________?
''tyou
答案C
inscanbeverydangerous,________?
''''tthey
答案A
4."Jillhasatoothache."
"It'sbeenhurtingherforquiteawhile,_______?"
''''tit
答案D
ershavetolearnfromtheirmistakes,_______they?
''''t
learnfrom从……学到
答案C
6."It'sawfullycoldthismorning."
"Yes,butit'snotcolderthanitwasyesterday,_______it?"
''
答案C
'stryabitharder,_______?
答案B
(三)祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等,主语一般是you,在句子中省略,谓语动词用原形,否定一般在谓语前加
don't。如:
Let'snotwastetimearguingaboutit.(wastetimedoing)
Besuretocomeherebeforenine.
Don'tdothatagain.
Don'thesitatietoturntomeifyouareintrouble.(turntosb.向某人求助)
(四)感叹句
感叹句表示说话人的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪,一般由what或how引导,what修饰名词,how修饰形容词或副词。
What+n.;How+adj.如:
Whatgoodnewsitis!
Howgoodthenewsis!
Whatsillyquestionsyouasked!
Howsillythequestionsyouasked!
WhatabadmemoryI'vegot!Ievenforgottobringthebookwithme.
HowbadthememoryI'vegot!
Look!_______lovelydayitis!
(答案C)
句法部分的一个重要考核点是反意疑问句。其提问部分的助动词和主语(往往是代词)应该与前半句一致,回答部分前
后应保持一致。如:
meisMary,_______?
''
(答案C)
udiesinastateuniversity,_________he?
'
(答案C)
3."Shewasn'tinwhenherhusbandcame,wasshe?"
"______,butshereturnedafewminuteslater."
,,shewasn't
,,shewasn't
(答案B)
此外,考生应注意句型let's…,其后面往往用shallwe提问。如:
Let'sdothecleaningrightafterclass,_____?
(答案B)
另一类需引起注意的句子是感叹句。感叹句的引导词是what(修饰名词)或how(修饰形容词、副词),考生应特
别注意what修饰的名词,看它是可数还是不可数,是单数还是复数,若是单数,前面往往需加不定冠词。
1._______wonderfulbirthdayIamhaving!
h
答案B
2.________lovelyweatherwehavebeenhavingthedays!
答案B
elytheyare!
二、按结构分类
考试大纲要求:
句子按结构分类可分为简单句、并列句和复合句
(一)简单句
只包含一个主谓结构,而句子各个成分都由单词或短语构成的句子叫做简单句。如:
I'mgoingtotheGreatWalltomorrow.
(二)并列句
包含两个或两个以上互不依从的简单句的句子叫并列句。并列句中的分句通常用逗号、分号或并列连词连接起来。
如:
I'dliketotravelintheholidays,butmywifeinsistsongoingtoherparents'home.
Therewasnonews;nevertheless,hewentonhoping.(goondoingsth.继续做某事)
(三)复合句
大纲要求:
(1)主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的构成及其常用关联词;
(2)定语从句的种类、构成及常用关联词;
(3)状语从句的种类及其常用关联词。
它指的是包含两个和两个以上的主谓结构的句子,其中至少有一个主谓结构充当句子的某个成份。比如当主语、宾语、
表语、定语、状语、同位语等,这个主谓结构就称为从句,所有从句都要用陈述句句序。
1.主语从句
主语不是一个词而是一个句子,它因为有这个主句了,所以主语这个句子叫从句。主语从句可以位于句首,也可以位于
句子的尾部,而在句首一般用it做它的形式主语,引导主语从句的关连有that和whether
这两个都是不能省略的。
Whatshedidisnotyetknow.
Itiscertainthatweshellbelate.
Itiscurttohimthathehadforgottobuythebook.
Howtheprisoneriscapeisacompletecret.
1.______atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportancetothedevelopmentofourbusiness.
discusd
dwediscuss
答案B
(beofimportance=beimportant)
2._______yousaynowcan'tmakeupforwhatyou'vedone.
makeupfor为……补偿
答案B
3._______wasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.
答案D
4._______youdo,doitwell.
er
which不能引导主语从句。
whatever=nomatterwhat
答案D
5.__________theprisonerescapedisamystery.
引导主语从句的关联词是that,whether和疑问词。
答案B
2.宾语从句
引导宾语从句的关联词与主语从句基本相同。关联词that一般可以省略,whether一般可与if("是否")互换。宾
语从句有时也可以放在句子的后部,而在前面用it作形式宾语。宾语从句还可以接在介词后面。
Theytoldusagainthatthesituationwasrious.
Idoubtwhetherhewillcome.
Idon'tknowifyoucouldhelpmetomorrow.
Weallthoughtitapitythatyouhadfailedtheexam.
toswillshowyou_______.
ehoulookslike
houlookslike
答案B
______myletter.
eshouldanswer
wering
hopetodosth.
hope+that从句。将来时用will。
Shehopestoworkinthiscompany.
答案C
now_______?
ydotheycost
htheycost
答案D
ryofJonarimplies_________lovecannotbeparatedfromresponsibility.
r
答案C
paratefrom和……分开
ered________.
llbehiswife'uldhiswife'swife's
ldbehiswife'sreaction
答案C
ladyaskedAlex_______hewantedsomethingtoeat.
答案B
cheraskedme________.
rkfinishedor
tIhavefinishedmywork
答案A
whetherornot
ghIexpectedsomethingdifferent,Iwasstillsurpridby_______hesaid.
答案A
修饰不定代词的形容词放在不定代词后面。
人做主语surpri用过去分词做表语。
'tknowhisaddresxcept________itwasLeadenhallStreet.
答案A
dnotknow_______heshouldrenewthelea(租约)ornot.
答案B
3.表语从句
表语从句与宾语从句基本相同。如:
Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.
That'swhywehadtoputoffthemeeting.(putoff:延期)
sonwhyIdidn'tgotoFrancewas_______anewjob.
eofgetting
ot
duetosth./sb.:becauofsth./sb.由于某事物/某人
Theteam'ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.该队的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。
Hewaslateduetotheveryheavytraffic.他迟到是因为交通拥挤。
答案D
_______iswrongwithhim.
ngwhat
答案C
sonwhywomenlivelongerthanmenafterretirementis______womencancontinuetodosomething
theyareudtodoing.
beudtodoing
答案D
4.同位语从句
同位语从句常位于idea,fact,news,fear,belief,doubt,proof,evidence等名词后面,对这些名词作进一
步解释。同位语从句大多由关联词that引导(that不可以省略)。如:
Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.
Haveyouheardthenewsthatwewillhaveapicnicnextweek?
Therecanbenodoubtthatmybrotherisqualifiedforthejob.
Wheredidyougettheideathattheclasswouldbecancelled?
Sofarthereisnoproof_______spaceshipsfromotherplanetsdoexist.
答案B
5.定语从句
定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
限定性定语从句是句子不可缺少的一部分,没有它,句子不能成立,或意思不清楚,不说明问题。
非限定性定语从句只对其修饰的部分作进一步的说明,没有它句子其他部分仍然可以成立。非限定性定语从句常
用逗号与前面的部分隔开。
5.定语从句
1)修饰人的定语从句
who主语/宾语(口语中,可省略)
that主语/宾语(可省略,前面不能有介词)
whom宾语(前面没有介词时可省略)
who定语
Doyouknowthepersontowhomheistalking?
Doyouknowtheperson(whom/that)heistalkingto?
Heistheman(who/whom/that)youcanrelyon.
Heisthemanonwhomyoucanrely.
Doyouknowthewomanwho(that)iswatchingTV?
You'retheonlyonewhoadvicehemightlistento.
Thegirlswhonameswerecalledstoodup.
Hereistheman(whom/that)you'vebeenlookingfor.
Heisamanonwhomyoucansafelydepend.
2)修饰物的定语从句
如果修饰的词是物,而它在定语从句中做主语,则可以用that和which。
如果修饰的词是物,而它在定语从句中做宾语,则可以用that(可省略,前面不能有介词)和which(前面没
有介词时可省略)。
who后接名词做定语。
Shewasn'tonthetrainwhich/thatarrivedjustnow.
Thedogwhich/thatwaslosthasbeenfound.
Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwe'vehadsomuchdiscussion.
Thisisthequestion(that/which)we'vehadsomuchdiscussionabout.
Thenovel(that/which)herecommendedisworthreading.(beworthdoing;值得做某事)
当定语从句修饰的词是不定代词,如anybody,nobody,nothing等,或是有only,very,形容词最高级等修饰的名词时,
从句的关联词往往用that,that作从句的主语或宾语,作宾语时常被省略。
Isthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?
All(that)youhavetodoistoclothedoorandwaitforhim.
Thisisoneoftheeasiestquestionsthatdonotneedanswering.
Thereisnooneintheworldwho/thatdoesnotmakeamistake.
定语从句修饰的词是不定代词、only、very、形容词最高级关联词用that,如果that在从句中做宾语,则可以
省略。
3)修饰时间、地点、原因的定语从句
修饰时间的用when,相当于相当于"介词+which",在句中做状语。
修饰地点的用where,相当于相当于"介词+which",在句中做状语。
修饰原因的一般情况下跟的都是reason,用why关联词引导定语从句。
HecamelastnightwhenIwasgoingtobed.
Iknowofaplacewherewecanhavelunch.
She'sgoinghomewhereshecanrest.
DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?
There'snoreasonwhyheshoulddoso.
4)非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句中不能用关联词that。修饰人时用who,who,whom;修饰物时用
which,who;修饰地点和时间的名词,且作状语时分别用where,when。如:
Water,whichisaclearliquid,hasmanyus.
Ourguide,whoisaChine,isanexcellentcook.
TheywillflytoBoston,wheretheycanplantostayforfourdays,andthengotoNewYork.
Hepickedupthebook,thecoverofwhichhadbeentorn.(tear-tore-torn撕裂、撕碎)
HeisourEnglishteacher,whowifeisamanagerinabigfirm.
非限定性定语从句还可以修饰整个句子,关联词只能用which。
Theactivitywaspostponed,whichwaxactlywhatwewanted.
Theyhaveinvitedmetoattendtheparty,whichisverykindofthem.
限定型定语从句,如果修饰物并做宾语,前面又有介词,只能用which。但是如果定语从句修饰的是不定代词,
或是only,very以及形容词最高级,只能用that。在非限定性定语从句中修饰物只能用which,修饰人只能用who。如果
非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子,关联词只能用which。
as也可以引导定语从句,多和such连用。如:
Boyashewas,hewaschonking.
HewasinsuchafuryasIhaveneveren.
Let'sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.
15,1999wasoneofthegreatestdaysinhislife______hewasacceptedbyauniversity.
答案D
certturnedouttobeagreatsuccess,_______theyhadneverexpected.
答案D
coldwinternight,andtherewasn'tanyone_______theboycouldturntoforhelpinthestreet.
答案A
turntosb.向某人求助
_____isacontinuoussupplyoffuel.
ngneeded
irneeds
答案C
ong,________fatherisataxidriver,studiescomputerscienceintheU.S.
'
答案C
ingtovisittheuniversity________hestudied25yearsago.
e
答案D正确答案inwhich
答案A
threesons,all________becamedoctors.
答案C
ything_________reallymatterstothechildrenishowsoontheycanreturnhome.
./
答案A
9."DoyouknowTom?"
"'the_______smokesincessantly(不停地)?"
sonwhich
答案C
enteenthcenturywasone________manysignificantadvancesweremadeinbothscienceand
philosophy.
答案B
hwordsarenotalwaysspelled________.
theytosound
they'aresounding
答案A
asthefirstgirl________whenyougothere.
kedto
kedyou
A的正确答案为whomyoutalkedto/towhomyoutalkedto
答案B
vedlate,________wasannoying.
答案C
extremelyunderstanding,_______helpedtocalmJamesdown.
答案A
15.I'veneverdinedwithyou,sir;andIenoreason________.
ouldnow
ouldnow
答案D
ter_______ImailedtomysisteramonthbeforeChristmashasnotyetreachedher.
./heabove
答案D
17.________isknowntotheworld,MarkTwainwasagreatAmericanwriter.
答案C
6.状语从句
状语从句可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、行为方式、比较、让步等。
1)时间状语从句
常用的关联词有when,whenever,before,after,while,as,once(一旦),until,(ever)since,assoonas
等。时间和条件状语从句中表示将来的情况通常用一般现在时。如:
Whenyoucrossaroad,youmustbecareful.
Itwillnotbelongbeforewemeetagain.
Shecomeshereeverymonthsinceshewasachildtoehergrandmother.
AssoonasIknowit,I'lltellyou.
2)地点状语从句
关联词有where和wherever。如:
Sitdownwhereveryoulike.
Putitwhereyoufoundit.
3)条件状语从句
关联词有if,unless,as/solongas(只要),inca(万一)等。如:
As/Solongaswedon'tgiveup,weareboundtosucceed.(beboundtodosth.注定要做某事;giveup
放弃)
IncaIgorget,plearemindmeofthat.(.提醒某人做某事)
Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillstayathome.
Iwilldoanythingaslongasitisinteresting.
4)原因状语从句
关联词有becau,as(由于,因为),since(由于,既然),nowthat(既然),that等。
AsIdidn'tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman.
Sincenooneisagainst,we'lladopttheproposal.
Seeingthatshe'sill,she'sunlikelytocome.
NotthatIdislikethework,butthatIhavenotime.
4)原因状语从句
becau,assince,for皆为"因为"时的区别:
e语气最强,用以回答why引导的问句。它可和强调词only,just以及否定词not连用,其所引导的从句
常位于主句之后,只有强调时才置于主句之前。Becau从句还可以用于强调结构,如ItwasbecauIwantedtoe
mymotherthatIwenttoBeijinglastmonth.(Itwas…that/Itis…that)
语气较弱,较口语化,所表的原因比较明显,或是已知的事实,所以不用强调。As从句之前不可用强调句和
not,也不可用于强调结构。As从句多置于主句之前。
的语气也比较弱,常表示对方已知的事实,往往相当于汉语的"既然"。它和as一样,其前也不可用强调
词和not,也不可用强调结构。
和上述三个从属连词不同,它是一个等立连词,比较文气。它有时可用来作附加说明,Wemustgetridof
carelessness,foritoftenleadstoerrors.我们一定要克服粗枝大叶的毛病,因为这常导致错误。
5)目的状语从句
关联词有sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat(以免),inca(以免)等。
Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.
Hespokeslowlyinorderthateveryoneshouldunderstand.
I'vegotthekeyincawewanttogoinside.
6)结果状语从句
关联词有sothat,so…that,such…that等。such+名词,so+形容词,副词。
It'ssuchagoodchancethatwecan'tmissit.
Hewassoangrythathecouldnotspeak.
Everybodylentahandsothattheworkwasfinishedaheadoftime.
7)方式状语从句
关联词主要有as(正如)和asif,asthough。
Helooksasifhe'stired.
Ididjustasyoutoldme.
8)让步状语从句
关联词有though,although,as(虽然),evenif,eventhough,nomatter,whatever,however等。
ThoughIamfondofmusic,Ican'tplayanyinstrument.(befondof喜爱)
Althoughitisdifficult,we'lldoit.
Whateveryousay,Idon'tbelieveyou.
as引导让步状语从句时,句子需要倒装。
Tryasyoumay,youwillneversucceed.
Youngassheis,sheisalreadyfamiliarwithmostofthestories.
(befamiliarwith对……熟悉;besimilarto和……相似)
OldasIam,Icanstillclimbthemountain.
9)比较状语从句
关联词主要有than和as(像…一样)。
Icanwalkfasterthanyoucanrun.
Hespenttwiceasmuchtimeonthispictureasonthatone.
Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.
ody______mewhileI'mout,tellhimI'llcallhimbacklateron.
答案A
begintestingtheinstrument,nomatter_______difficultitis.
答案B
3.I'llleavehimanote________he'llknowwhereweare.
答案A
4.________heworkedallday,hecouldn'tfinishthejob.
eof
inca万一
inspiteof尽管,引导短语
答案C
5.________toNewYork,herfatherhasnotheardfromher.
hewent
hewent
答案D
6."DidyoureturnFred'scall?"
"Idon'tneedto_______I'llehimtomorrow."
答案B
7."MyunclecomesinfromIrantonight."
"Howlonghasitbeen_______youlastsawhim?"
答案A
eoftheaudience,_________wehadexpected,waswelloveronethousand.
wellover超过
答案B
复合句部分除了应注意根据句子意思的需要选择恰当的关联词外,还应注意以下几点:
(1)所有的从句都要用陈述句的句序。如:
nttoknow________dotohelpus.
eycan
they(答案B)
me,tellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
(2)时间及条件状语从句,evenif、eventhough引导的让步状语从句,往往用一般现在时表示将来的情况,
主句用一般将来时。
ithatwewillmeetagainafterwe_______ourcollegeeducationinthreeyears'time.
vefinished(答案A)
________,tellherI'llcallherbackassoonasIreturn.
gtocall
(答案B)
it__________tomorrow,thesportsmeetwilltakeplace.
ned
(takeplace举行;答案B)
(3)what和that的区别
what可以引导主语、宾语、表语从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,有其具体的含义。
that可以引导主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语从句,在前四种从句中that没有任何具体的含义,也不充当从
句的任何成分,所以当从句意义和结构完整时,关联词往往选择that。
1._______wewilldonextisstillunderdiscussion.
(答案D)
datlast_______hehadbeenlookingfor.
(答案B)
vercomebythefear_________hehadlungcancer.
(答案C)
torinsiststhatmybrothergiveupsmoking.
that在定语从句中可以指代先行词,表示人或物,作从句的主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略,但不能置于介
词之后。当先行词为不定代词,或有only,very,first或形容词最高级修饰时,定语从句的主语或宾语一般需用that。
that不可以引导非限定性定语从句。
coatthat/whichisbothwarmandlightinweight.
theboy(whom/that)youwerelookingfor?
ttheoldmanemedunwillingtoacceptanything
_______wasofferedhimbymyfriendandme.
(答案A)
theveryfactory_______wevisitedforthefirst
timein1996.
(答案C)
dmoreyoungpeoplelikeplayingfootball,_______is
anexcitinggame.(答案B)
e
(4)when和where在定语从句中可以分别指代先行词所表示的时间和地点,但在从句只能作状语,往往可以与"介
词+which"结构互换。
remembertheplace______ourclassoncedidsomefieldwork.(答案C)
tedthehouwhere/inwhichLuXunlivedinShanghai.
remembertheyear________Ifirstcametothisbeautifulcity.(答案D)
ndC
第十一节强调句、倒装句、省略句15-1
一、强调句(参见it的用法)
强调句型由"Itis(was)+被强调的成份(主语、宾语、状语)+that"构成,当被强调的主语表示人时,that可
以用who替代,谓语在人称和数上应与主语保持一致。
ItishewhospeaksEnglishfluently.
Itwasnotuntilmidnightthathewenttosleeplastnight.
二、倒装句
句子在以下场合往往用倒装的句序:
1.以here,there开头的句子。
Herecomesthebus.
2.以so,nor,neither引导的省略句。
如果前一个句子是肯定句,后边用so来引导倒装,这种句子是部分倒转:助动词+主语+正常语序。如果前一个句
子是否定句,后边用nor或neither引导,结构同so。倒装句在时态上应与前面的句子保持一致,助动词的单复数应与主
语保持一致。
Ifyoucandoit,socanI.
Ilikewatchfootballmatches,sodoesmybrother.
Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillhe.
Mysisterdoesn'tlikepotatoes,nordoI.
3."only+状语(从句)",否定或具有否定意义的词位于句首作状语或引导状语从句的句子。
OnlyinthiswaycanyouhopetoimproveyourEnglish.
Notonlydidheshowhimlfasagoodstudent,buthealsoprovedhimlfagoodathlete.
ScarcelyhadIsatdownwhenIheardthetelephonerang.(scarcely…when=asaoonas)
Hardlyhadhearrivedinthecitywhenheheardthebadnews.
(hardly…when=assoonas)
Nosoonerhadhecomehomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.(nosooner…than=assoonas)
LittledidIknowaboutthematter.
Innowaycantheorybeparatedfrompractice.
nmylife______sobeautifulaplacelikethat.
e
答案C
2._______theimportanceofwearingatbeltswhiledriving.
ttledorealize
dotheyrealize
答案D
3."Someoneatemycookies."
"Well,Ididn'tand_______Alice."
答案B
4._______thewordstothesongs,buthealsocompos(作曲)themusic.
ghhewrites
hewrites
答案C
er______thanthejeepstartedoff.
luggagebeenloaded
gagewasbeingloaded
答案B
lyhadhegoneout________.
startedtosnow
tartedtosnow
nosooner……than;scarcely……when;
答案C
7."Ilikethefilm."
"________."
答案D
er_______gottothestationthanitbegantorainheavily.
答案A
9.________,ouldn'tkeeptheshopproperly.
rkedhardly
asheworked
答案C
_______whenthebussuddenlypulledaway.
ttothebusstop
ygottothebusstop
pullaway开走,离开
答案D
11."Ericdidn'twanttomisstheclass."
"_______didBill."
答案C
12."Janehascertainlybeenworkinghard."
"_______."
rothershave
beenherbrothers
答案A
倒装句主要用于两种场合:
(1)so,neither,nor引导的省略句。
考生应注意省略句中助动词的选择,其时态往往由前面的句子决定,单、复数由其后面的主语决定。
stcanbecontagious(传染的).Butsocantrust.
learningSpanish._______hissister.
notlivebybreadalone,nor/neithercanhelivewithoutbread.
everbeentoLondon,nor/neitherhavewe.
(2)"only+状语或状语从句"、否定或具有否定意义的词作状语或引导状语从句位于句首。
youhaveareceipt________changethegoods.
onlyif:只要,只有<用于句首,后接从句,主谓倒装>答案B
efore_________ensuchbeautifulclothesdesignedbysuchayounglady.(答案B)
hadhearrivedhomewhenitbegantorain.
ilthegamehadbegun_________atthesportsground.
'earrive(答案B)
三、省略句
1.对话中内容省略
"Willyoujoinus?""I'dloveto"
"I'mhungry.""Areyou?"
"Whatdidyoubuy?""Adictionary."
2.不定式省略
I'llbuytheticketsifyouwantmeto.
Imeanttowritetoyou,butforgotto.
3.并列句中成份省略
HemajorsinFrenchandIinRussian.
Theytriedtohelpher,butinvain.
4.复合句中成份省略
Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.(lookout当心)
Tocriticizelikehimonemustbeaswi.
有时用于省略句中,替代上文出现的动词及其宾语。如:
Computersaresuppodtosavetime,butI'mnotsosuretheydo.(savetime)
besuppodtodosth.:
1.被期望或被要求做某事
Theyweresuppodtobehereanhourago.
2.用于否定句中,获准做某事。
You'renotsuppodtoplayfootballintheclassroom.
"TheoldhoubelongstotheGreens."
"Oh,no,________."(答案C)
n''n''t
(belongto属于)
省略句常运用于是常对话的上下文中。如Ithinkso,I'dloveto,I'mafraidnot等。句型"Whynot…?"以
及动词do也常在考核点之列,考生应注意Whynot后面接动词原形,而动词do或其过去式常可以用来代替上文中的动词
及其宾语、表语。
________asshelikes?
ghertodo
rdo
(答案C)
2."I'llringherupwhenIgoouttolunch."
"Whynotdoitnow?"(it代替的是ringherup)
ysthepianobetternowthanshedidlastyear.
(did代替的是playedthepiano)
4."Whobrokethewindow?"
"Idid."(did代替的是brokethewindow)
词汇部分
掌握约3000个基础英语单词和相应的常用词组。词汇考试主要是考单词和词组搭配。
构词法
英语的构词方法有三:合成(composition),派生(derivation)和转换(conversion).
一、合成
合成:合两个或两个以上的词而成为一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成。
1.复合名词的主要构成方式
1)名词+名词
classroom教室,newspaper报纸
2)形容词+名词
blackboard黑板,highway公路,
3)动词+名词
break-water防波堤
4)副词+名词
outbreak爆发,overcoat大衣
5)代词+名词
he-goat公山羊,she-wolf母狼
6)动词+副词
break-down崩溃
7)名词+介词短语
editor-in-chief总编辑,father-in-law岳父
2.复合形容词的主要构成方式
1)名词+形容词
snow-white雪白的,world-wide全世界的
2)形容词+形容词
bitter-sweet又苦又甜的,blue-green绿里发蓝的
3)副词+形容词
ever-green常绿的
4)名词+分词
snow-covered白雪盖着的,hand-made手工制作的
5)形容词+分词
good-looking好看的
6)副词+分词
well-meaning好意的,well-informed消息灵通的
7)形容词+名词
cond-hand旧的,用过的,第二手的
8)形容词+名词+-ed
open-minded胸襟开阔的,white-haired白发的
9)数词+名词+(-ed)
two-faced两面派的,
3.复合动词的主要构成方式
1)副词+动词
overcome克服,uphold支持,主张
2)名词+动词
sun-bathe行日光浴
二、派生
在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀,变成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做派生,词缀有前缀和后缀两种,加在单词
前的词缀,叫前缀,加在单词后的词缀,叫后缀。
1.前缀现将最常用的一些前缀(按字母顺序)举例如下:
anti-反对
anti-Japanewar抗日战争
arch-主要的
arch-enemy主要敌人
auto-自动的
automobile小汽车,autobiography自传
bi-双
bicycle自行车,bilingual用两种语言的
by-在旁
bystander旁观者,by-product副产品
co-共同
co-operation合作,co-existence共处
counter-反
counter-attack反攻,
de-除去,否定
decentralization分散,不集中
dis-否定
discover发现,disorder混乱,杂乱
en-,em-使成为
enable使能够,enslave奴役,encourage鼓励
ex-前
ex-president前任主席、总统或大学校长
extra-外
extraordinary非常的,格外的
for-,fore-先,前,预
forward向前,foree预见,forearm前臂
for-禁,弃
forbid禁止,forget忘记
in-,il-,im-,ir-不,非
informal非正式的,incomplete不完全的,irregular不规则的
inter-间,相互
interview会见
mal-恶
maltreat虐待
micro-微
microscope显微镜
mid-中
mid-night半夜,mid-autumn中秋的
mis-误
misunderstand误会,misu误用
multi-多
multi-national多民族的
non-非,不
nonexistent不存在的
post-后于
post-war战后的,
pre-先于
pre-war战前的
pro-赞成,亲善
pro-American亲美的
re-重,再,复
review复习
sub-下,次
subdivide细分,再分
super-上,超
super-structure上层建筑
tele-远
telephone电话,telescope望远镜,television电视
trans-横过,转移
transformation改造,translate翻译
un-不
unable不能的,unimportant不重要的,untrue不真实的
uni-一、单
uniform划一的
2.名词后缀
-age状态,集合
marriage婚姻,shortage缺少,village村庄
-an人
American美国人,Italian意大利人,意大利语,African非洲人
-ance,-ancy性质,状态
importance重要性,significance意义
-ant,-ent人
assistant助手,助教,student学生
-ation,-ition动作,状态
determination决心,industrialization工业化,preparation准备
-craft技巧,工艺
handicraft手工艺
-dom(状态,领界)
freedom自由,kingdom王国
-ee(被动)
employee雇员
-eer人
engineer工程师,volunteer志愿者
-ence,-ency(抽象名词)
dependence依靠,不独立,excellence卓越
-er人,动作者
fighter战士,worker工人,writer作家,harvester收割机
-e人,语言
Chine中国人,中文,Japane日本人,日文
-ess女性
actress女演员,princess公主,hostess女主人,女乘务员(飞机上)
-ful充满
handful一把,armful一抱(这些词亦可作为复合词看)
-hood身份,境遇,状态
childhood童年,likelihood可能性
-ian人
musician音乐家,technician技术员
-ity(抽象名词)
possibility可能性,capability能力
-man人
Englishman英国人,postman邮递员(这些词亦可作为复合词看)
-ment运动,结果
movement运动,development发展
-ness状态,性质
kindness和善,carefulness小心
-or人,动作者
actor男演员,editor编辑,tractor拖拉机
-ry,-ery行为,工作,性质,工作地点,货物种类,境遇等
bravery勇敢,nurry托儿所,cookery烹调
-ship状态,身分
friendship友谊,hardship苦难
-tion动作,状态
attention注意,action行动,revolution革命
-ty(抽象名词)
cruelty残酷,loyalty忠实
-ure结果,动作
pleasure快乐,pressure压力
3.形容词后缀
-able,-ible能够
unforgettable难忘的,responsible负责的
-al的
cultural文化的,national国家的
-an(地,人)的
Russian俄罗斯的,俄罗斯人的,American美国的,美国人的
-ed有,象
talented有才华的
-en的
golden金色的,wooden木制的
-ern(表示方向的)
northern北方的,eastern东方的,southern南方的,western西方的
-e(地,人)的
Chine中国的,中国人的,Japane日本的,日本人的
-ful充满
careful小心的,beautiful美丽的,powerful强有力的
-ic,-ical的
economic经济的,political政治的,grammatical语法的
-ish属于,稍微
bookish书本气的,yellowish稍黄的,lfish自私的,childish幼稚的
-ive性,倾向
active积极的,collective集体的
-less无
fearless无所畏惧的,careless不小心的,uless无用的,meaningless无意义的
-like如
childlike儿童般的(亦可作为复合词看)
-ly品质,的
friendly友好的,weekly每星期的,manly丈夫气的,daily每天的
-ous多
nervous神经紧张的,dangerous危险的
-some引起,适于,易于
troublesome烦人的,tiresome(令人感到厌倦的)
-ward向
backward落后的
-y充满,性质
rainy雨的,snowy雪的,handy手巧的,便于使用的
4.动词后缀
-ate
isolate使孤立,
-en
deepen加深,strengthen加强
-fy
simplify简化,classify分类
-ize,-i
industrialize工业化
5.副词后缀
-ly
carefully小心地,beautifully美丽地,quickly迅速地
-ward,-wards向
forward向前,backward向后,upwards向上,downwards向下
-wi方式
likewi同样地,otherwi否则,用另一种方式
三、转换
转换将一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类,这就叫做转换。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有密
切的联系。
1.名词转化为动词
elbow由"肘"转义为"用肘推挤"
back由"背,后面"转义为"支持,后退"
2.形容词转化为动词
slow由"慢"转义为"放慢"
3.动词转化为名词
totakeawalk散步
tohavealook看一看
tohaveatry试一试
4.形容词转化为名词
thewounded受伤的人们,thebeautiful美丽的东西,theblind盲人们
5.其他词类转化为名词
amust必须做的事情,upsanddowns高低起伏,insandouts问题的底细
典型例题
考试的重点是词汇之间的搭配,和近义词之间的区别。
gacarisnotasdifficultasyouimagine,ifyou________therules.
o
dependon依靠、依赖
turnto转向某人,turntosb.向某人求助
putupwith容忍、忍受
stickto遵守
答案D
inion,thechangingjobmarketwill______peoplemanydifficulties.
find找到
bring带来
take拿走
get得到
答案B
hetworestaurants________almostthesamefoodandrvice,itdoesn'tmatterwhereyoustop
toeat.
offer提供
cook烹饪
prepare准备
afford付钱
答案A
appliedfora_______intheofficeofthelocalnewspaper,hewastoldtoethemanager.
on
profession职业
position职位
career职业
location方位
Shechoanacademiccareer.答案B
etwasso________fornewsofherlostchildthatshewasalmostdrivenmad.
e
careful仔细的
responsible负责的
thirsty极度渴望的
hostile敌意的
答案C
tpoliteto________whensomeoneismakingaspeechatameetinglikethis.
y
turnup来到,露面
cutin打断
speakout大声说
standby站到……旁边
答案B
s_______angrywhenIspoketohimonthephone.
sounded听起来
looked看起来
grew变得
talked谈话
答案A
erlivingcost________2,000yuaneachmonth.
t
getto到达某地
equal的用法:
equal:ltosth./doingsth.对某事有力量,勇气,能力等,能胜任
lqualtothetask.她认为能胜任该项工作。
He'qualtotheoccasion.他能应付这一局面。
Hedoesn'temqualtomeetingoutdemance
equal:b./sth.(insth.)与某人(某事物)相同或相等
ualedbynooneinkindness.没有人比他更善良。)
arrivedat+地点状语到达某处
comesat达到
答案D
eis_________tome,butIcan'trememberwhereIsawher.
ar
similar相似的
friendly友好的
alike相像的
familiar熟悉的
答案D
'nough________foryou.
place地方
at座位
room空间
space宇宙空间
place指具体地点
答案C
'ton________.
ion
reason原因
determination决心
onpurpo故意
intention目的
答案C
'llhavetopayfortheholidayin_______,I'mafraid.
d
front具体位置空间的前方
inadvance提前
ahead在……之前,不和in连用
forward向前
答案B
kstorehasn'tordered________textbooksforallthestudentsinthecour.
dealof
enough修饰名词,在名词之前
plenty+of
asmuchas不能修饰名词
agreatdealof修饰不可数名词。
答案A
n'thaveanyexperience,Iwas________problems.
lyhaving
having
belikelytodo很可能有……
probably不接doing接todo
it'
答案A
ay________,butwemustgoatonce.
ayedverylate
staylate
staylatelylately近来
答案A
'tthinkthatyourwatchis_______.
heprice
tobuy
worthy:hyofsth.
ievementsareworthyofthehighestprai.她的成就值得给予最高奖赏。
hytodosth.
dshewasnotworthytoacceptthehonourtheyhadofferedher.
worth:h+n.
isworthabout$60,000.
hdoing
kisworthreading.=It'sworthreadingthebook.
n.值某金额的量Thethievesstole$1millionworthofjewellery.
D选项正确答案:worthytobebought
答案B
17._________,it'sverytidy.
sherroomis
sherroom
as引导让步状语从句,句子需要倒状。Youngasheis,Jackisalreadyfamiliarwithmostofthebooks
答案B
_______aspossibleheopenedthedoorandwentoutintothecoldDecembernight.
y
quietadj.安静的
答案B
quiteadv.十分,很;quitebig
horoughly________inthecrowdedManhattan.
ted
wondered怀疑
lost迷路
misd丢失
parated分开
答案B
yhasdecidedto_______alltheoldbuildings.
of
own
breakawayfrom1.挣脱Theprisonerbrokeawayfromhisguards.2.脱离某政党、政府等Aprovincehasbroken
awaytoformanewstate.
getridof:摆脱Theshopordered20copiesofthebookandnowitcan'tgetridofthem.
comeupwithsth.:找到或提出(答案、办法等)Shecameupwithanewideaforincreasingsales.
knockdown:拆除Theoldhousaregoingtobeknockeddown.
答案D
eschoolmasterisaway,nwillbe______thewholeschool.
rdto
inchargeof:处于控制或支配的地位,负责
Who'sinchargehere?这儿谁负责?
Hewasleftinchargeoftheshopwhilethemanagerwasaway.
infavorofsb./sth.:支持某人/某事
Washeinfavorofthedeathpenalty?
inhonorof:出于对某人的敬意
aceremonyinhonorofthokilledinbattle为纪念阵亡将士举行的仪式
in/withregardtosb./sth.关于某人/某事Ihavenothingtosaywith/inregardtoyourcomplaints.
答案A
peechhe_______hixperienceasateachingassistant.
to
returnsth.(tosb./sth.):归还,放回
Shereturnedthebirdtoitscages.她把鸟放回笼子里
Pleareturnmemy5yuan/returnmyfiveyuantome.
Refertosb./sth.:提到,说到或涉及到某人(某事物)
WhenIsaidsomepeoplearestupid,Iwasn'treferringtoyou.
Don'trefertothismatteragain,plea.请不要再提这件事。
sticktosth.:坚持或维持某事物
"Wouldyoulikesomewine?"
"No,I'llsticktobeer,thanks."不,我还是喝啤酒吧。
turntosb.(sth.):向某人(某事物)寻求帮助
Shehasnobodyshecanturnto.她求助无门。
Themoredepresdhegot,themoreheturnedtodrink.
答案B
dhisbestinthefirstgame,butwas________bythelittleboy.
A:win-won-won;赢得
B:hit打
C:beat打,
D:hold-held-held举行
答案C
dtogohomebutmywife_______ongoingtotheconcert.
ed
persisted:persist:persistindoingsth.坚持做某事
Hewillpersistinridingthatdreadfulbicycle.
resist+n抵抗
intend:intendtodosth.想要做……
答案C
ernmentgaveveralgood______forincreasingthetaxoncigarettes.
ms
purpo目的
reason原因
question问题
problem问题
答案B
oplewereriously_______intheaccident.
injure受伤
damage:表示使被损坏的对象失去或降低其自身价值,但不完全毁掉。
Hedamagedmycarwithastone.
ruin:常强调完全毁掉。Thestormhasruinedthegarden.
spoil:语气比ruin弱,不强调完全毁掉,表示使被害方失去其完美性。
Hespoiledhispaintingbyputtingtoomuchredpaintonit.
spoil:有时也包含最终会导致完全毁掉之义。
Hehasspoiledhisconstitutionwithbadliving.
答案A
esoquicklythatIdidn't________whathesaid.
e
listen听listento
catch抓住,听到
miss丢失
receive收到
oorbutproud,and_______everyofferofhelp.
on
out
turndown拒绝
turnon打开。turnonthelight开灯
turnoff关上。turnoffthelight
turnout证明为……
答案A
ain,thebestasonoftheyearisprobably_______spring.
later以后。
latter后者
last最后
late晚的
答案D
________isitfromheretothecitycenter?
howlong一段延续的时间
--HowlonghaveyoustudiedEnglish?
--IhavestudiedEnglishfor3years(since3yearsago).
答案B
dtogotherebyplanebutIhadn'tenoughmoneytopayforthe_____.
journey旅行
distance距离
road道路
way方式方法
答案A
entswouldn't_______hertostayoutlaterthan10:30atnight.
stayout不回家
require要求
ask要求
encourage鼓励
permit允许
答案D
nday,________mygreatsurpri,ImetBullenintown.
(toone'ssurpri使某人感到惊奇)
答案B
eprefercoffee________tea.
t
prefer……to……
答案A
35.I'minno________thiveningtolistentohissillyjokes.
feeling感情
attitude态度
opinion观点
mood情绪
答案D
isa_________inventedbyanEnglishmanahundredyearsago.
play:n.比赛,竞赛Thetennisplayersneedtotalconcentrationduringplay.
match比赛
game运动
event事件
答案C
'sthebiggest______hehavertoldinhislife.
talk:give/haveatalk谈话
speech:make/deliveraspeech做演讲
lesson:teachalesson:教训
learnone'slesson:汲取教训
lie:tellalie
答案D
38._______thatthejewelshadbeenstolenbyoneoftheguards.
edover
turnup:露面,来到Wearrangedtomeetatthecinemaat7:30,buthefailedtoturnup.
turnout:turnouttobesb./sth.;turnoutthat…证明是某人(某物),原来是┄┄
Sheturnedouttobeafriendofmysister./Itturnedoutthatshewasafriendofmysister.
turnon开灯
turn(sb./sth.)over:翻身或翻转
Sheturnedoverandwenttosleep.她转过身就睡着了。
答案B
39."I'mtired,butlet'sgo."
"Why_______restawhile?"
'''snot
答案C
40."Wewon'tbefinisheduntiltonight."
"Andthey_______."
,'t,,'t,either
答案D
41."________?"
"Acupoftea,plea."
ikeacupoftea
uldyouliketodrink
答案D
42."DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?"
"________."
,ht
'll
答案D
词汇考试重点
考生除在学习中扩大词汇量外,还应注意词语的搭配、近义词的区别以及由同一个词构成的不同词组之间意义的区别。
sis_______goodtobetrue.
…(答案C)
'thesitateto_______meifyouareintrouble.
turnout:a.证明为Howdidthepartyturnout?Itturnedoutverywell,thanks.
:赶走某人Mylandlordisturningmeoutattheendofthemonth.
turnin:a.面朝内'I'llturnin.
将某人交给警方拘押。Shethreatenedtoturnhimin.
turnto:turntosb.向某人寻求帮助Thechildturnedtohismotherforcomfort.
turnup:露面Wearranagedtomeetatthecinemaat7,butshefailedtoturnup.
近义词之间的区别在于词的内涵不同。。如,汉语中的"错误"对应着英语中的mistake和fault,但两个词的内涵不一样,
mistake单纯指所犯的错误,而fault则侧重于追究责任。
Theremustbesomemistakesinthisbill;pleaaddupthefiguresagain.(addup加起来)
Whofaultisitthatwe'relate?我们迟到是谁的错?(责任在谁)
有的近义词之间的区别在于词性不同或在句子中的用法不同。
s_______questionsinEnglishclass.
e
ri不及物动词;ari不及物动词呈现出现Anewdifficultyhasarin.出现了新困难。答案C
2.I_________havecoffeethantea.
ather
prefer:.更喜欢某事物。Ipreferwalkingtocycling.
答案D
okexactly_________.
es
A的正确答案应该在后面加名词。答案C
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