虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可
能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
一、与现在事实相反
连接词条件从句结果从句
If
1。动词过去式(或were)
2。助动词(过去式)+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
could
might
Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoetheGreatWall。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately。
二。与将来事实相反
连接词条件从句结果从句
If
1。should+动词原形
2。动词过去式
3、wereto+动词原形
Should
Would+动词原形
Could
might
Ifyoushouldlo,whatwouldyoudo?
IfIweretoehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.
Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldewhatImean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词条件从句结果从句
Ifhad+过去分词
Should
Would+have+过去分词
could
might
IfI’ddnownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2。有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he..。)
(=Iftherewerenowater,…)(=Ifyouhadn'thelpedme,…)
3。有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome。
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest,advi等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
suggest,advi,recommend,demand,
require,insist,urge,request,order,+that…(should)+动词原形
devide,ask,move,propo等
注意:在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。
Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时,that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking。
如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
Heinsiststhatheisright.
2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
imperative,advisable,动词完成式
Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,+that…(should)+
esntial,strange,等动词原形
Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor'sorders。
Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework。
3、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去试+动词原形-与将来事实相反
IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger。。)
IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching。(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)
Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep。
注意:wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。
wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较:
(1)Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)
(2)Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming。)
4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气,如:
Heactsasifnothinghadhappened。Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim。
5、It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,如:
It’stime(that)’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction。
虚拟语气专项练习一
()1。IfIyou,ismuchfaster.
A。。am
()2。were,theyspeakwishFrenchaccents.
’'’t
(),wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?
A。toleave
()tomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?
tcomeC。wouldnotcomeD。hadnotcome
()5.“Shedidn’taskme,soIdidn'thelpher?”“Youmeantosay,youwould’vehelped
her?”
A。ifsheaskedyouB。ifsheweretoaskyou
C。hadsheaskedyouC。wereshetoaskyou
()oktheinjuredstraighttothehospital。Otherwisomeofthem。
avediedB。mightdieC。woulddieD。coulddie
()7。Iftheyhadknownhim,tohim?
heyhavetalkedB。wouldtheytalkC。uldtalk
()8。IfIlivedinthecity,Itravealincrowededbus,butItoelotsoffilms。
aveto/shallbeableB。shallhaveto/amable
aveto/aveto/wouldbeable
()havegonetotheconcert,ifItime.
B。havehadC。hadD。wouldhavehad
()10。Iknowit,。IfC。
()lp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.
A。。Butfor
()12。“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?”
“Onlythatifheamillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries."
A。becomeC。doesnotbecomeD。hasnotbecome
()13.“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?”“IwouldhaveIdidn'thavethemoney."
。
()14。“WhoshouldgotoeLiYing?Heisilltoday.”“IsuggestWangHong.”
。
()15。estedthatwetelevisiononweeknights。
atchingD。havenotwatch
()'tspeakJapane,butIdowishI。
A。。hadD。speak
()17.“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?’“Yes,havetoleavesosoon.”
’'tC。mustn’tD。didn’t
()18。“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?”
“Idon’tknow,butit’sabouttimeonsomething.”
A。I'mdecidingB.I’lldecideC。IdecidedD.I'ddecided
()19。I'dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.
。didn’'
()20。“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix?”“Theteacherdemandsthateveryoneinhisatat
six。”
eB。canbeC。
()sanoteoftheassignmentlestheit。
A。forgetsB。rgetD。willnotforget
()22。“howdoesthelibrarianact?”“Heactsasifheawalkingdictionary."
。beC。isD。hasbeen
()salawthatdrunkendriversverelypunished。
()24。IwishyouinterruptwhenI’mtalkingonthephone.
。didnot
()25。Henrytalkstohisdogasifithim。
tandsB。understoodC。nderstand
()26。Jefflookedasifheaghost.
A。sawB。ee
()rmybestregards,。A。shouldyouehertodayB。ifyousawhertoday
ouldehertodayD。shouldyouhaveenhertoday
()28。Therewasasuggestionbytheteachersthatthemeetingpostponedforaweek.
A。eC。wasD。shouldbe
()29。ItishighlydesirablethateveryefforttoreducepollutioninBeijing。
eB。bemadeC。emade
()30。Themanagerwouldratherthathiswifeworkinthesameofficeashedo.
t
()cherinsistedthatweallbackbytwoo'clock.
。tobeC。wouldbeD。shallbe
()32。Ididn’tgotothefootballmatch,butIdowishIthere。
。hadbeen
()ghtimewedrugtrafficking。(贩毒)
A。didawaywithB。yD。shoulddoawaywith
虚拟语气专项练习题参考答案
(1)C(2)D(3)D(4)A(5)C(6)A(7)A(8)D(9)A(10)C
(11)D(12)B(13)B(14)C(15)A(16)B(17)D(18)C(19)B
(20)C(21)B(22)A(23)C(24)B(25)B(26)C(27)A(28)D
(29)B(30)B(31)A(32)D(33)A
关于假使条件虚拟语气需注意的几点
1.如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致,这种假设条
件句叫错综时间条件虚拟语气.其主句和从句谓语动词的构成要根据所假设的时间而定.
1)IfIhadtakenthemedicine,Iwouldbebetternow。
如果我服用了那种药的话,现在就会好些了.
2)Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.
如果(前些日子)天气更好些,庄稼一定会长得更好.
renotfor/hadnotbeenfor…
也是一种条件虚拟语气从句,译为“要不是因为……”。
1)Ifithadn’tbeenforthedoctor,hewouldn’thaverecoveredsosoon。
2)Ifitwerenotforthelackofspace,wewouldholdthesportsmeettoday.
3.有些条件是由一些短语引出的(butfor,with,without;otherwi,or,but,etc,)
1)Wecouldn’thaveachievedsomuchwithoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp)。
2)Withoutsolarradiation,animalsandplantswoulddie。
3)Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter。
4)Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodernindustry.
5)Ishouldhavereturnedthebooklastweek,butIwassobusythatIforgottodoso.
6)Hewashavingameeting;otherwihewouldhavecomeovertohelpus.
7)Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.
4.在某些隐含的虚拟条件简单句中,虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来.谓语动词用虚拟形式。
1)Anymeninhispositionwouldhavedonelikethat.
2)Youshould(oughtto)havecomeearlier.
虚拟语气祈使语气的混合使用
在有些情况下,条件从句中的谓语由”should+原形动词"构成,这时主句的谓语动词既可以是虚拟语
气或陈述语气,也可以是祈使语气。
1。Ifitshouldrain,theplanwill/wouldbecalledoff。
2。Shouldanyonephone,pleatellthemI'mbusy.
3。Evenif(If)itshouldgetstormy,Iwillgo。
表示要求,建议,命令的虚拟语气
表示要求,建议,命令的从句中,谓语动词要用should+原形动词,其中可以should省略.下列例句
可以表示这种虚拟语气。
a.主宾语从句表示法:suggest,order,request,advi,require,insist,ask,demand,command,propo
等动词后面的宾语从句要用原形动词should+原形动词,可以省略。
toradvidthatI(should)takearest。
2。TheLondondockersdemandedthattheirwages(should)beraid。
3。Heinsistedthatthemeeting(should)notbeputoff。
当suggest,insist等动词表示”暗示,坚持说”时,其宾语从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气,要用
陈述语气。
1。AreyousuggestingthatIamnotsuitedforthejob?
stedthathewasinnocent。
b。主语从句表示法:当以上动词用在下列句型中时,主语从句也应该用should+原形动词
1。Itissuggestedthatthebuilding(should)bepulleddown。
deredthatthework(should)bestartedatonce。
在Itis(was)strange(necessary,wonderful,important,etc.)that…句型中,strange,necessary
等后面的主语从句中用should+原形动词,should可以省略.
3。Itisstrangethathe(should)refutocometotheparty。
4。Itisnecessarythatadoctor(should)bentforatonce。
portantthatweshouldlearnfromtoehrs。
e.表语从句表示法。
suggestion,proposal,order,advice,demand等名词作主语时,其后面的表语从句中也用虚拟语气,即
should+原形动词,should也可以省略。
1)Myadviceisthatyou(should)giveupsmoking。
后面所跟宾语从句要求谓语动词用虚拟语气。
e。hatshewereherewithmeandthatweweren’tsick。IwishIhadnttheoldmanto
hospitalintime。
d。在asif引起的从句中,动词一般用虚拟语气,通常用were
e。g。PeopletreatmeasifIwereadangerousperson.
Irememberthewholethingasifithappenedyesterday.
f。同位语从句表示法.
Thateveningcametheorderthatwe(should)crosstheriveratonce.
虚拟语气中常见的句型有
(high/about)timethat…这一从句的谓语动词用过去式或should+原形动词,其中should不可
以省略。此句型译为”该是……时候了”。
2。wouldrathersb。didsth./haddonesth。
此句型表示”宁愿让某人……”,如果是没有发生的动作,从句用过去时;如果是已经发生的事,从句
用过去完成时。1)I’dratheryoulefttomorrow.2)I'drathertheyhadn’tgonetoschoolyesterday。
…此句型表示”要是……就好了”.其后面句子的时态与wish引导的宾语从句相同,既:如果
虚拟现在,要用一般过去时;如果是虚拟过去,要用过去完成时;如果是虚拟将来,则应该用would
或could加原形动词.
1)IfonlyIwereabird!2)IfonlyIhadworkedhardasastudent!3)IfonlyIcouldlandonthemoon!
4.连接词inca可用来引起的虚拟语气。形式通常为:inca+主语+should+动词原形.inca句中
should的可以省去,也可以不用虚拟语气,而用陈述语气.
1)Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaitshouldrain.
2)Hedoesn’tdaretoleavethehouincaheis(shouldbe)recognized。
虚拟语气专项练习二
20。Thesunrisintheeastandtsinthewest,soitemsasifthesun________roundtheearth。
A。ling
hatI_____withyoulastnight。A。wentB。havegoneC。ave
gone
___________withher。A。wouldbeB。
23。IwishthatI_____________theconcertlastnight.
ed
_______________toit。
A。tgoneC。didnotgoD。cannothavegone
25。"Iwishyou___________metoputthethingsaway,”hesaid。
lpB。elp
atergateIncident_____________Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency。
A。didnotoccurB。ling
27。Ihadn’texpected________JamestoapologizebutIhadhoped.
lingmeB。thathewouldcallmeC。himtocallmeD。thathecallme
wouldcertainlyhaveattendedthemeeting,____________________.
dn'lattirehadn'thappened
C。tirenotflatteneditlf
chersuggestedthatherstudents_____________experienceswithESP.
A。writeacompositionontheirB。towritecompositionaboutthe
C。ttenanycompositionsforhis
30。HespeaksChineasfluentlyasifhe______________aChine。
。hasbeen
31。Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistrip____agreatsuccess.
A。hadbeenB。hasbeenC。
groundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______________awayforages。
A。。n
sostronglybuiltthathelooksasifhe______alephant.
ingC。ift
34。Hedescribedthetownasifhe_____________nB。hasenC。sawD。
es
35。Atthatthoughtheshookhimlf,asthoughhe_____________fromanevildream。
。wouldwakeD。hadwoke
suranceagentswouldratheryou___________anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntilthey
investigatethesituation.A。’'tD。didn'tdo
37。Althoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwho______________theirnaturalparentsare,
somewhohavefoundthemwishthattheytheexperienceofmeeting。
A。hadn’tB。didn''thadD。hadn’thave
38。ItisimportantthattheTOEFLoffice________yourregistration.
A。willconfirmB。confirmC。confirmsD。mustconfirm
telectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’s___________advancedtechnology.
thavebeenachievedB。havenotbeenachieved
beenachieved
40。HespeaksChineasfluentlyasifhe____________aChine。
nC。isD。hasbeen
methatthegovernment______________measurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.
enD。taking
oplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicant___alldiplomasfrom
elementaryschooltouniversity。A。ve
43。Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwihe_____tothemeeting.
A。avecomeD。hadcome
ayhereadsverywell,andIshouldn'tbesurpridifhe___________actingforalivingone
day。
pC。avetakenup
enthemovie,I______________youallaboutitnow。
ellB。willtellC。havetoldD。wouldhavetold
’texpected______HenrytoapologizebutIhadhoped.
lingmeupC。willcall
me
pedthatJohn____________ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.
。wouldspendD。willspend
pedthatJennifer___________adoctor,butshewasn'tgoodenoughatscience。
A。willbecomeB。ecomeD。becomes
49。I’dratheryou___________anythingaboutitforthetimebeing。
。didn'tdoC。don'tD。didn’t
50.I'djustassoon_______rudelytoher.
A。thatyouwon’tspeakB。speakD。youdidn’tspeak
51。It’shightimethey____________。mendedC。musthavemendedD。
willmend
'sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar。
A。。ke
'stimewe___________theclass。
A。tartC。hadstartedD。start
54。___________theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.
A。
55。Mary___myletter;otherwishewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.
A。hasreceivedB。'thavereceivedD。shouldn’thave
received
56。Johndidnotfeelwellyesterday;otherwihe_______toehisclassmatesoff.
。wouldcomeC。becoming
'sworkinghardforfearthathe_____________。
A。shouldfallbehindB。fellbehindC。mayfallbehindD。wouldfallbehind
58。Withoutthedreamsoftheyouth,thisinventionmight____________foracentury.
npostponed
neD。bepostponed
astmengenerallypreferredthattheirwives_______________inthehome。
A。orkC。workD。wereworking
60。Forachildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,itrequiresthatthechild
_____psychologicallyreadyforthenewidea。。wereC。e
61。Tom'sfather,aswellashismother,_______________inNewYorkforafewdaysmore.
A。stay
vicethat_____________tillnextweekisreasonable.
ted
sntialthatweleabeforetheendofthemonth.
。gning
65。Itisappropriatethatsometime______thoroughstudyoftheresultsoftheApollomission.
A。devotestoB。devotedtoC。isdevotedtoD。bedevotedto
参考答案
20.(A)asif引导的从句要求用虚拟语气,表示同时或将来的情况,动词要用过去式(be动词用were)
或would(could等)+动词原形,本句话中指的是当时的情况,所以要用过去式,故(A)是正确答案。
21.D.22.D.23.C.24.A.25.D.
26.(B)hadnotoccurred表示对过去的虚拟,条件句中要用过去完成式,主句中要用should(would,
could,might)+动词原形的过去分词。
27.(B)hadhoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。
28.(C)表示对过去情况的假设,主句动词形式为would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词,
条件句为过去完成式,if可以省略,但要把had提前主语前面。(B),(D)的表达不符合英语表达习
惯,所以(C)是正确答案。
29.(A)suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式,其形式为should(可以省略)+动词原形。
30.A.表示与现在相反的虚拟。
31.A.asthough引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
32.D.felt是过去式,所以该句是由asthough引导的与过去相反的虚拟.
33.D.asif引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。
34.A.asif引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
35.C.
36.(D)wouldrather后接从句要求用虚拟语气,形式为过去式,表示对现在或将来的假设,或为过
去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。
37.(C)who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生,所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已
经发生了的行为,所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。
38.(B)
39.(C)这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句,通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设,而主句中的情况也
早已经发生,所以是对过去情况的一种假设,因此用wouldnothavebeenachieved这一形式。
40.(D)连sothat引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气,表示一种假设,形式为might+动词原形。
41.(B)Itistimethat是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。
42.(C)
43.(C)otherwi用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设,因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设,所以
应该用wouldhavecome形式.
44.(B)所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形,或是wereto
do,因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句,用一般现在时表示一般将来时,故(B)是
正确答案。
45.(A)这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子,if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设,而主句是对现在(now)
的情况的假设,故用wouldtell形式。
46.C.47.C.48.C.49.B.wouldrather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。
50.D.wouldassoon引导的虚拟语气,其谓语动词也用过去式。51.B.52.B.53.B.54.B.
55.C.注意单词otherwi引导虚拟语气。56.C.同上。57.A.注意词组forfearthat
58.A.注意without59.C.60.C.61.D.62.B.64.A.65.D.
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