chancery

1、TWOMAINLEGALFAMILIES

Common/English/English-AmericanLaw(Legal)System/Family普通法系

-calawsystem-Anglo-Saxonca-lawsystem-Anglo-Americanlegal

system

Continental/Roman/CivilLaw(Legal)System/Family大陆法系

-civilianlegalsystem-civil-lawsystem

2、civillaw民法、国内法、罗马法、大陆法

3、substantiveLaw（实体法）VSproceduralLaw（程序法）

4、calaw（案例法）orylaw（成文法）

statutory/written/codified/enactedlaw制定法、成文法

5、adversarytrialsystem（对抗制）itorialsystem（纠问制）

6、jurytrialsystem陪审团制度

7、ThereportsoftheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt联邦最高法院判例汇

编

ThereportsofsomeStates州法院判例汇编

8、legalcas法律案例

9、privatelawand/law

10、thestatutorylawcontinuestobesubjecttobinding

interpretationthroughcalaw

（其成文法继续适用通过判例法(注：即先例)进行的有约束力的解释）

11、Commonlaw(innarrown):

-commongenerallaw

-locallaw

-itinerantjudgesoftheEnglishroyalcourt

-enforcementofaclaim

-specialformofaction:writ

-classicalRomanlaw

-ProvisionsofOxford(1258)牛津条例

-“writupontheca”本案令状

12、enforcement强制执行；claim请求；action诉讼行为；writ

法院令状；recour追索权；追索，追偿

13、Equitylaw衡平法

-“equity”——doingequity

-chancellor

-relief救济

-judiciary

-CourtofChancery（衡平法院）and/rycommonlawcourts

-maxim

-fixed,inflexible

-equitabledoctrines(alvageata)

-Inaconflictbetweenlaw&equity,equityshouldprevail.

14、award

compensatory,compensate

damages

specificperformance特定履行|实际履行

injunction强制令

real/immoveableproperty（不动产）and/al/moveable

property（动产）

15、commonlawremedy/relief:普通法救济

-(compensatory)damages金钱赔偿

16、equity/equitableremedies/relief:衡平法救济

-injunction(atemporaryorfinalordertodoornottodoaspecificact)

强制令

-specificperformance(apartytoanagreementisorderedbythecourtto

performhisobligationsaccordingtothetermsoftheagreement)

-restitution

17、judicial

express（明示）d（默示）

provision,provide

jurisdiction管辖区域,法域;(司法）管辖权

civilsuit民事诉讼

title

thelawofproperty财产法

beforethejudge在法庭上

17、apply/applicable/available适用于

besubjectto受。。。。的约束

ThiscaissubjecttoChinelaw.

受……约束，引申为适用

Chinelawapplies/isapplicableto/isavailabletothisca.

适用于

18、precedent先例

judge-madelaw法官制定的法律

makethelaw制定法律

usage

term

connote/mean

incontrastto,ascontrastedwith

subjectmatter标的

19、Twoparallelcourtsystems(DoubleTracksystem)双轨制

FederalCourtSystem联邦法院系统

-U.S./FederalDistrictCourt联邦地区法院

-U.S./FederalCourtofAppeals联邦上诉法院

-U.S./FederalSupremeCourt联邦最高法院

StateCourtSystem州法院系统

-Trial/circuitCourt审判法院|巡回法院

-StateAppellateCourt(CourtofAppeals)上诉法院

-StateSupremeCourt最高法院

20、Separationofpowers

-Legislativebranch:Congress

-Executivebranch:President

-Judicialbranch:Courts

ChecksandBalances

JudicialReview

-theabilityofacourttodecideontheconstitutionalityoflegislation

21、美国的法官

联邦和州最高法院的法官

——大法官，justiceChiefJusticeAssociateJustice

上诉法院和审判法院的法官

——法官，judgeChiefJusticeAssociateJustice

基层法院的审判人员

——治安法官，justiceofthepeace

——司法官，magistrate

22、eCourt,compoofninejustices,sitsasthefinaland

controllingvoiceoverallthesystems.美国联邦最高法院由9个大法官(1

ChiefJusticeand8AssociateJustice)组成，对全部这些法律体系有最终的

控制性的发言权。

23、issue问题，争论点

litigant诉讼当事人

plead(theca)（向法庭）陈述案情;plead（在法庭）申辩，认罪，

辩护;申诉;答辩;为…辩护,抗辩

beforeacourt

judgment/decision/holding

appeal,appealable

hear,hearing

inwhichthecourtislocated

territory

tribunal

court/judicialdecisions

review/rehear重审，再审，复

审

proceedthrough

tionary

discretion

abolish

24、Two-tieredsystem两级审判制

25、Since1988,reviewbytheSupremeCourtincivilcasisdiscretionary;

virtuallyallcivilappealsasofrighttothehighestcourthavebeenabolished.

从1988年开始，最高法院对民事案件的复审有决定权；实际上，所

有民事案件都可以作为(法定）权利而上诉到最高法院的作法已经被废

除了。

26、(compromi)approach-(internationalconventions)

impo(on/uponsb.)

capitalpunishment

writofcertiorari

providedforbystatute

specific

27、adhoc

Versus(.):

29、允许上诉（grantleavetoappeal),

30、审查下级法院判决的诉讼文件移送命令（writofcertiorari)

31、US:ArticleIII,ction2(UK:Section3,paragraph2;CN:Article3,

paragraph2)

ant

applicant/dent

ee

courtoffirst/cond/lastinstance

courtoflastresort/finalhearing/finaljudgment

higher//inferiorcourt

31、constitutional1.宪法规定的,合乎宪法的2.宪法的

justice1.正义;公正,合理2.法律制裁;司法;审判3.法官

judicial司法的,法庭的,审判的,法官的（alacceptance,

judicialsystem，judicialdecisions,judicialinterpretation…)

judiciary司法，司法系统法庭或法庭制度；(总称)法官,审判官;司

法系统，司法部;法院的;审判员的;司法的

careerjudiciary职业法官

learnedjudges(nning)

justice(supremecourt),judge

bench(court)trialand/ial

therulesandregulations规章制度

provisions,treaties

laws,executiveactsandregulations法律，行政法令和条例

32、becalled/admittedtotheBar具有开业律师资格

barexamination

thepracticingbar执业律师

berequiredtobeadmittedtopractice(law)butdonotpracticewhileon

thebench

AmericanBarAssociation(ABA)

beadmitted(topractice)beforethefederalcourt

lawfirm

attorney/attorneyatlaw/counlor（civil）

advocate辩护律师

consultant,advisor,planner,negotiator

hou/corporatecounl专职法律顾问，公司法律顾问

TheUnitedStatesDepartmentofJustice

(UK)solicitor/barrister

32、律师

美国

Lawyer、Attorney、Attorney–at-law、Counlor、Counlor–at-law

英国

Barrister诉讼律师，大律师，出庭律师

Solicitor非诉律师，诉状律师，事务律师

32、大学后教育（postgraduate）

美国法学院设立的学位

JD，JurisDoctor——法律博士

LLM，MasterofLaws——法学硕士

SJD，DoctorofJuridicalScience——法学博士

33、unjustenrichment

connote/referto/mean

beavailable

elements,requirements,conditions,requisites,prerequisites

Legaleffect

performance

create/make/form/conclude/enterintocontracts

breach

34、Itcreatesobligationsforwhichsomesortoflegalenforcementwill

beavailableifperformanceisnotforthcomingaspromid.它设立了

当不按约履行时，便可由某种法律强制手段保证实施的义务。

35、Threeelementsinatransaction——contract

eement-in-fact事实协议

eement-in-written书面协议

ofrightsandduties……一系列权利与义务

36、ownership:tangible（有形的）,intangible（无形的）

detailed/specificrules

govern/regulate

realproperty/immovableproperty/realestate（不动产）al

property/movableproperty/chattel（动产）

bodiesoflaw

37、Copyrights版权

Patents专利权

Sharesofcorporatestock公司股权

Negotiableinstruments票据权

-s,promissory，note,billsofexchange

38、violate(therights,thelaw),violation

propertyrights

individualrights

personalrights

inflictionofphysicalinjury

commission,commitacrime,

robbery,etc.

criminalacts

tortiousacts

39、

transfer/convey(conveyance)

lawofcontracts/torts

legalmechanism

expectations

40、Legalmechanismforprotectingtheexpectationsthatarifromthe

makingofagreementsforthefutureexchangeofvarioustypesof

performance.合同法是保护预期利益的法律机制，该预期利益产生于就

未来交易各类履行而制定的契约。

41、

proceed

raiissues

breachofcontractandtort:

concurrence

leaagreement

loophole

42、fraud”conduct欺诈行为

43、ExampleofContracts

Employmentcontracts雇佣合同

ServiceContracts服务合同

BuildingConstruction建造合同

InsuranceContracts

Contractinvolvingrealproperty

SaleofIntangibles(stocks,bonds,patents,copyrights,etc)

44、Expectationdamages预期赔偿金

Agreeduponremedies补救协议

Equitablerelief衡平救济

45、Formationofcontract合同的成立

contractformation

bothpartiestothecontract

competentparties有法定资格的主体，适格的主体/当事人

legalcapacity/ability法律能力，法定资格，法定身份

mutualasnt合意

meetingoftheminds/mutualityofagreement意思表示一致

invitationtotreat/ofoffer要约邀请

counteroffer反要约

firmoffer实盘

revocation(revoke)撤销

rejection拒绝

lap届满

46、Performanceofcontract

groundsfornon-performanceofcontracts

mistake

changedcircumstances:

impossibilityandfrustrationofpurpo合同目的落空

forcemajeure不可抗力

lackof(legal)capacity:minors未成年人,mentaldeficiency

duress胁迫andundueinfluence不当影响

misreprentation误述,虚伪陈述

unconscionability显失公平

contractsagainstpublicpolicy，illegalcontracts(legality)

47、Breachofcontractandremedies

compensatorydamages补偿性赔偿vedamages惩罚性

赔偿

expectationloss预期利益损失celoss依赖利益损失

liquidateddamages议定赔偿idateddamages未议定赔

偿

specificperformance

restitutionremedies

repudiate,repudiation拒绝履行

anticipatoryrepudiation预期违约

repudiatorybreach毁约性违约

suspend中止

cancel（cancellation)/terminate(termination)/rescind(rescission)

thecontract解除合同

mitigationofdamages

foreeability

48、categories

unilateralcontract单务合同ralcontract双务合同

expresscontract明示合同dcontract默示合同

formalcontact要式合同alcontract不要式合同

valid,void,voidablecontract有效，无效，可撤销合同

quasicontract准契约

49、债权，债务

债权人，债务人

-physicalloss有形损失，无形损失

-ordamagetothegoods,economicalloss

50、source/authority法律渊源

leadingca,leadingauthority

applytherulesoflawto

decidedisputes,cas

prior/pastjudicial/courtdecisions,cas

ordinances条例，主要用于美国英语中

51、Primarysource（首要法源）VSSecondarysource（次要法源）

52、

thecasubjudice/under

adjudication

feelobligedto

obligation

regimeoflaw

bejustifiedontwogrounds

justification

predictability

ascertainablerulesoflaw

bindingon/upon

thecaprentedfordecision

anappellatecourtofhigherrank

(level)inthesamejurisdiction

materialfacts,circumstances

overruletheearlierdecision,

overruling

retroactively有溯及力的

thepartiestotheearlierca

thecaunderdecision/

adjudication

generalapplication

enact

StatuteofFrauds

evidencedbyasignedwriting

enforceable

revision

UniformCommercialCode

govern,regulate

reasoning

beboundtofollowthe

provisionsofavalidstatute

legislature

modifyoreliminate

ascertain/find

construction,interpretation

legislativedebates,committee

reports

promulgation

indraftform

ction

forceoflaw

-astatuteoracourtdecisionhas

the～

justify

cite,quote

judicialdiscretion

54、Underthecommonlawsystem:

alviews/opinions:judicialdecisions(primaryauthority,thelaw

itlf)

ommentary:commentarybylegalscholars(condaryauthority,

NOTthelaw)

reporteddecisionsofAmericancourts

proposolutionsforunresolvedissues/disputes

56、Intentionaltort

Negligenceornegligenttort

Strictliabilitytort

57、Personaltort

Propertytort

58、maritimetort

thelawoftorts,contracts(tort

law,contractlaw)

damageclaims

ant

beentitledtodosth.

attorney

compensationanddamages

ibledamage

intangibledamage:

damage

recovery,recover

verdict

action,proceeding

awardn.,v.(～averdict,money,damages,compensation)

theinjuredparty,theaggrievedparty,theoffendedparty,thevictim,the

sufferer

thetortfeasor,thewrongdoer,theoffender,theoffendingparty

personalinjuryordeath(lossoflife)

recoveryofdamages,torecoverdamages

tort,contractclaims

59、Conversion非法占有财产

Personalinjury人身伤害

Impliedcontract默示合同

Breachofwarranty违背保证诺言

60、

beliable/responsiblefor

tortiousact

actasone’sagent

expressstatutoryprovisions

abolish

stateimmunity

61、inlimitedformalsochildren（however,parentsonlythenwhenthey

actedasthechild’sagentordidnotcomplywiththeirdutytosupervi）,

在有限的情况下儿童亦然（但是，父母仅当其作为该儿童的代理人或

未能按照其监护义务行事时才负此责）

62

beprotectedagainst

provide,provisions

thirdparties

aclaimagainstsb.

contributeto

63、由……引起，产生于，来自于

arisingoutof/from

originatingfrom

growingoutof

resultingfrom

caudby

derive/stem/comefrom

64、Everyoneisprotectedagainsttortiousact,includingtheembryo.每个

人包括胎儿都受保护，免遭侵权行为的伤害。

65、Theheirsornextofkinmayhaveadamageclaimfortheintentional

ornegligentdeathoftheirrelativeortestator(wrongfuldeathaction)继

承人或近亲属可以对他们亲属或立遗嘱人因故意或疏忽侵权造成

的死亡（非正常死亡之诉）提出损害赔偿要求。

66、Apartyinjuredasaresultoftheintoxicationofthetortfeasorhasa

claimagainsthimwhocontributedtothetortfeasor’sintoxication.作

为侵权行为人醉酒之结果而受到伤害的当事人有权向造成该侵权

行为人醉酒的人提出索赔请求。

67、大体上inthemain、byandlarge、ingeneral、inprinciple、inthe

gross、onthewhole、asarule、forthemostpart

68、IntentionalTorts

Battery殴打

Assault侵犯他人身体

Conversionofproperty非法侵占财产

Falimprisonment非法拘禁

Trespasstopersonalandrealproperty侵占动产、不动产

Defamation诽谤

Invasionofprivacy侵犯隐私权

Productsliability产品质量责任

69、IntentionalTorts

conversion:unauthorizeduof

property

trespasstopersonalandreal

property

nuisance

intentionaltortsagainstperson

intentionaltortsagainstproperty

Inflictionofmentaldistress/

damage

70、tortliabilityfornegligence

causality,causation

factors/elements/requirements/conditions/prerequisites/

requisites

complywith/obrve/follow

dutyofcare

objective(ly)tive(ly)

prudent

restrictiveinterpretation

owethedutytoward

gratuitously

contributorynegligence

defen

assume（assumptionof)therisk

comparativenegligence

lastclearchance

71、Gueststatutes宾客法规

72、Contributorynegligence共同过失

73、Comparativenegligence比较过失

74、StrictLiability严格责任

Nofault无过错责任

75、

rebuttablepresumption

deducefaultornegligencefrom

show/prove/establish/

demonstrate

withoutregardto

inviewof

76、Thedoctrineofresipsaloquitur不言自明原则

77、

fault(-bad)principle

adopt

insurancepremiums

insuranceproceeds

ty

insurance

covertherisk投保风险

litigation

vicariousliability替代责任

vicariouslyliable

jointandveralliability连带责任

jointlyandverallyliable

jointtorts共同侵权

nominaldamages名义上的轻

微赔偿

compensatorydamages补偿性

赔偿

-economiclossvs.

non-economicloss

punitivedamages惩罚性赔偿

standardofcare注意标准

reasonablecare合理注意

cau

78

partisanadvocacy(偏向式辩护）

thetwoopposing

sides/parties(对立双方）

79、question-and-answermethod

theopposingside,theopposingcounl

Object,yourhonor,irrelevant.

(Theobjectionis)overruled/sustained.反对被驳回/支持

Youmayproceed.继续

prenttheca

throughouttheproceedings

judgment

litigation,litigator,litigant

judiciallydevelopeddoctrines

regulate/govern

paramount

existing现行的

vindicate(thelegalrightsand

interests)

rule/ruling(on)裁决，裁定

issue

fileasuit

80、preponderanceoftheevidence*优势证据原则

(undercivilprocedurallaw)-“balanceofprobability”

proofbeyondareasonabledoubt排除一切合理怀疑原则

(undercriminalprocedurallaw)

81、find/ascertain/determine/discoverthetruth

attrial

ntiveprinciplesoflaw

preponderantevidence

82、CivilTrialProcess

Pleadings(initialformalprocess):

-filingofthecomplaint提交起诉状

-rvice(tonotifytheDbyrvingacopyofthecomplaint)送达

-summons传票

-D’sanswer答辩状

-defaultjudgment缺席判决

-counterclaim/crossclaim

Pretrialprocess/motion:

-discoveryprocess

-summaryjudgment

Selectionofjury

Submissionofevidence

Judge’scharges(tothejury)

Jurydeliberationandverdict

Judge’sjudgment

83、Submissionofevidence

Orderofprentation

-openingstatements:P,D

-(direct)examinationandcrosxamination*:P,D(redirect/

recross～)

-rebuttalevidence:P&D

-closingarguments:P,D

-P’srightofrebuttal

84、trialdocket

motion动议

continuanceorpostponement

attorney/counl/lawyer

appear,enteranappearance出庭到案

closingarguments，statements，remarks

mistrial

enterajudgmenton

85、提起诉讼

claimagainstsb.

proceedagainstsb.

bringactionsagainstsb.

instituteactionsagainstsb.

institute/bringproceedings

againstsb.

fileasuit

86、affirm/sustain/upheld维持

vary/modify变更

rever/overrule推翻

revoke/vacate撤销

remand/remitforreconsideration发回重审

dismiss/taside驳回

remove移送

dismiss/allowtheappeal驳回/支持上诉

mootcourt/mockcourt模拟法庭

87、ndants共同原/被告

theopposingside(s)/party(parties)对立的双方/当事人

amatter/issue/questionoflaw,amatter/issue/questionoffact事

实/法律问题

out-of-courtttlement庭外和解

ADR(alternativedisputeresolution)

-aprocedureforttlingadisputebymeansotherthanlitigation,such

asarbitrationormediation

judicialopinion/opinionofthecourt司法判决意见书

majorityopinion多数意见书;disntingopinion反对意见书;

concurringopinion附和意见书（同意判决结论，但反对判决理由）

holdings/decisions判决

judgment:

ratio/radiodecidendi判决理由

dictum/obiterdictum法官的附带意见(即无关案件判决的陈述)

reports/reporters案例报告

transcript庭审记录

writofexecution(toenforceajudgment)执行令

litigation/arbitrationproceedings诉讼/仲裁程序

noticeofappeal上诉通知

original/appellatejurisdiction初审/上诉管辖权

88、

evidentiaryrules

proceeding

testimony

thecaathand

thematter/factin/atissue

out-of-courtstatement

striketheevidence

adhereto/follow/obrve/complywith

mistrial

takeeffect

enactment

pending

injustice

generalprovisions

construction,construe

rule,rulingon

uralright

exceptas/unlessotherwiprovided/stipulatedbythelaw

provide/stipulate/prescribe/state/read/specify/tforth/laydown

provision,stipulation,prescription规定

testifythereto

paroleevidence（口头证据）ntaryevidence（书面证据）

burden/onusofproof举证责任

cauofaction诉因

allege，allegation主张，指控

onthemeritsoftheca按案件实质

rationale基本原理

promissoryestoppel&waiver禁止反言及弃权

approve,adopt，ratify批准，通过

enact制定(法律);通过(法案)

promulgate公布，颁布(法令、新法律等）

law,statute,act,code,regulation条例,ordinance命令，决议

courtrules法院规则

right,obligation/duty,responsibility/liability

grantanewtrial下令重申

89、proceed进行,继续下去；接着做,继而做；前进,行进

issue问题;争论点;签发

jurisdiction管辖权;司法权;管辖区域;法域

90、在这一方面，在这一点上

inthisregard

inthisrespect

in/atthispoint

inthisconnection

91、前述的

above-mentioned

preceding

aforesaid

92、关于

withregardto/regarding/

asregards

withrespectto/inrespectof

concerning/concernedwith

relatedto/inrelationto/

relativeof

pertainingto

associatedwith/in

associationwith

93、总之

allinallIntheaggregateTosumupinshortinconclusioninaword

94、大体上

ingeneral

byandlarge

inprinciple

inthegross

inthemain

onthewhole

asarule

forthemostpart

95、根据

intermsof

byvirtueof

accordingto/inaccordance

with

inthelightof

onthebasisof

pursuantto

onthegroundthat

96、符合,与……一致

correspondto

accordwith

Inlinewith

beconsistentwith

conformto(with)/in

conformitywith

tallywith

satisfy/meet/fulfill

97、因此

so

therefore

hence

thus

asaresult

conquently/in

conquence

thereby/hereby

accordingly

98、而且,另外

besides

inaddition(to)

further/furthermore

apartfrom(that)

moreover

99、但是

however

but/though

nevertheless

100、

exclusiveeconomiczone

territoriala

internalwaters

thearchipelagicwatersofan

archipelagicstate

coastal

land-locked

flytheflag

theveslflyingitsflag

veslunderitsflag

veslofitsregistry

Veslshavingthenationality

shippingprotectionism

entitlement

fundamental/underlying/basicprinciples,generalprinciples

public/privateinternationallaw

UNCLOS1982

withreasonableregardto

framework

jurisdictionoveravesl

inthisrespect/regard/connection

exerci（n.,v.)/enforce(enforcement)/execute(execution)/dispen

title

register登记;登记簿;主管登记的人，登记员

registry登记处

registrar登记员，登记官；过户登记处

priorityinregistration

prevail(over)

ingoodfaith

presumption

void,valid

conferon/grant/accord

elements/requirements/conditions/prerequisites

flagstate

assume,undertake

citizens,subjects,nationals

treaty(ies),treati(s)

beobligedto

contractingparties,stateparties

article,paragraph,subparagraph,ntence

statement/provision/stipulation/prescription

state/provide/stipulate/prescribe，fixconditions

forthepurpoofthetreaty,CMC,HR…

doublenationality

fallunder/within属于，该当

exclusivecompetence专属法院管辖权

reside/lie/restwith/within归于，取决于，是……的责任，由……

负责

contend

beboundby

leadingca/authority(precedent)

whereas鉴于（法律用语,用于正式文件中句子的开头）;但是,然而,

尽管（用以比较或对比两个事实）

imposth.(on/uponsb.)

shipyards

co-owners:jointowners,part

owners

genuineconnection/link

openregistry

portofregistry

certificateofregistry

removalfromtheregister/

deregistration

thelawofthestateof

registration

opentopublicinspection

101、flagofconvenience（～ships/countries)

-toavoidheavytaxation(taximmunity)

-toavoidinconvenientgovernmentalregulations(highstandardsin

safetyregulations)

-toavoidhighoperatingcosts(costsofcrewing,etc)

102、prioritybetweendifferenttypesofliens,prioritybetweenmaritimeliens

high,highestpriority/ranking

have/takepriorityover,rank(inpriority)before/aheadof

rankafter,besubjectto

rankparipass/equallywitheachother/asbetweenthemlves

•Aregisteredmortgageehaspriorityoverallmortgagesregisteredafter

andallunregisteredmortgagescreatedbefore.

•Theregisteredmortgageranksafterpreviouslyregisteredmortgages,

posssoryliensandmaritimelienswhenevercreated.

103、viceversa

paripassu

prorata(ratably/inproportion)

104、inremprocedure,proceedings/actionsinrem

beenforcedagainstprivilegedclaims

compulsorilyrequisitionedforpublicpurpos

calledintoeffect,takeeffect

discharge履行;卸船;排放,溢出

instituteone’saction

towage,…

obtainjudgment,indemnity,

curity

springfrom,derivefrom

incurliability

providedthat

perilsofthea

noticerules

specify=clearlystate/provide

spareparts,shaft,propeller

appurtenances/accessories/apparels附属物，属具

appropriatedtothevesl

dent

mortgagee(lender)gor(s/o,borrower)

inpersonam

onaboard//onshore/land

commercial/voluntary/al/forced/auction/

publicsale,sale/auctionbycourt

extinction,extinguish消灭

(bepaidoutof)theauctionproceeds/proceedsofauctionsale

assignment（转让）ofliens

lienholders

shipbuilders/repairers’rightsofretention(posssoryliens)

extinctionofmaritimeliensbylapoftime

rankintheorderlisted

besubjecttosuspensionorinterruption

satisfy(satisfactionof)theclaims

competentauthorities

PleaalsoetheInternationalConventiononMaritimeLiensand

Mortgages,1993(MLMConvention1993)afterclass.

105、

navigator

workoutthebestcour航线

cleantheholds

duringballastpassage(inballast)

appliances装置，用具

goodamanship

windlass

keepwatch

fficers,ratings

toallowleave

qualified,qualification

overtime

accommodation

106、proceed进行,继续下去；接着做,继而做；前进,行进

issue问题;争论点;签发

jurisdiction管辖权;司法权;管辖区域;法域

besubjectto受……约束，受制于；适用；受偿顺序在后

discharge履行;卸船;排放,溢出

term术语,专门用语;条款;条件

cour方向；航向，航线；

available

107、gerships

cargoships

Liner(班轮）（不定期货船）

lcargocarriers

rriers

RO//LO

OBC,OBO-OreBulkoil(Carrier)矿石，散货和石油多用途船

harbour,port,wharf,dock,quay(side)

pier,jetty凸码头，防波堤

barge驳船(运河、河流上运载客货的大型平底船）,lighter驳船

ocean-going/agoingvesl

stable,stability

anchor(ing)(ing)

hull外壳，船身(hullinsurance船险)

maindeck,sides,bottom

plating,frame,keel,beam

cargospace,’tweendeck，engineroom,bridge,doublebottomtank

bookingspace

waterballast/ballastwater

ad

eak

tanks

rgo

kcargo

containerizedvs.

non-containerizedcargo

rging

port

onaboard//

onshore/land

/discharge

stowage

lf-trimming

maintainthestability

crane,derrick

TEU(Twenty-feetEquivalent

Unit)

FEU(Forty-feetEquivalent

Unit)

aboveandbelowdeck,ondeck

ventilation

vesl’s/ship’stackle船吊adcrane岸吊

stem/bow船首船尾

portside左舷ardside右舷