女人humanandanimal

Unit6ManandAnimals

UfulInformation

Man'nehand,

animalshavebeenworshippedandattributedwithallkindsofmysteriousandsuperior

therhand,theyhavebeenhunted,domesticated,exterminated,andeven

countries,manhasalsocreated

nedragonis

perhapsoneofthemostfamouxamples.

Co

somecultures,thesinisterandaggressiveaspectofmanisregardedastheanimalsideof

rearchonhumanbehavior,forexample,drawsparallelsbetween

scientistsbelievethatunnaturalconditions,suchasovercrowdingandalienatingroutine

jobs,cientistsfeelthataggressionisa

naturalinstinctthatcouldbedirectedtowardspositiveandcreativeactivities.

TheideaofananimalisticsideofhumannatureisforeigntotheNorthAmerican

enotonlyequaltoman,butthey

en,theeagle,the

bearandotheranimalsalwaysappearinstylizedformsontheirtotempoles.

Eversincethedawnofcivilization,animalshavebeenudtohelpandtorveman

ndgoatswerebredtoprovidewool,meat,nimals

likeoxen,waterbuffaloandhorswereudtopullploughsandcarryheavyloads.

Capableofnsingwaterfromagreatdistanceandgoingdayswithoutwater,camels

,knownin

English-speakingcountriesas"man'sbestfriend,"isoneofthemostversatileanimals.

Dogshavebeenbredtohunt,toguard,toherdsheepandcattle,tofindpeopleinthe

snoworintherubbleofearthquakes,toleadtheblind,andtosniffforillegaldrugs.

FormanycenturiesintheWest,itwasthoughtthatanimalsdidnotfeelpainandthat

nEnglandintheeighteenthcentury

ldbesaid,however,thatrespectful

treatmentofanimalshadexistedintheEastforthousandsofyearsasaresultofthe

stnationalanimalwelfareorganizationwas

createdinEnglandin1824underthenameoftheSocietyforthePreventionofCrueltyto

A,asitiscommonlyknown,nowexiststhroughouttheworld.

ultof

protestsbyanimalrightsgroups,huntingofendangeredspecieshasbeenbannedinmost

fortshavebeenmade,forexample,tostopthekillingofelephantsby

imalrightsgroupshavefocudtheir

attentiononthetreatmentofanimalsinscientificrearchandontheuofanimalsin

thetestingofbeautyproductssuchasperfumes,dpetstores

opleregard

zoosascruelenvironmentsandfavorsafariparkswhereanimalsarefreetoroamina

morenaturaltting.

Thedestructionofforestsandothernaturalhabitatshasresultedinthe

feprotection

organizationshaveconductededucationalcampaignsdrawingpublicattentiontothe

riousdeclineinthebiologicaldiversityoftheplanetasmoreandmorespecies

disappearbecauofpollutionandindustrialdevelopment.

PartOnePreparation

sociation

ant,antelope（羚羊）,bat,bear,beaver,bee,bird,bull,butterfly,camel,cat,chicken,

cod,cow,crab,crocodile,cuttlefish(乌贼),deer,dog,dolphin,donkey,dragonfly,duck,

eagle,eel,elephant,fish,fly,fox,frog,goat,goo,giraffe,hippo(河马),hor,koala,

leopard,lion,lizard,mandarinduck（鸳鸯）,monkey,mosquito,mou,mule,ostrich,owl,

ox,panda,parrot,peacock,penguin,pig,pigeon,pony,rabbit,rat,rhino(犀牛),salmon,

scorpion(蝎),alion,shark,sheep,shrimp,skunk,snail,snake,spider,squirrel,swallow,

tiger,tortoi,turkey,turtle,weal(黄鼠狼),whale,worm,zebra,etc.

urAnimalKnowledge

Directions:Finishthequizindividually,thencompareyouranswerswithyour

neighbors’.

PartI:Whatisit?

1)Asquirrel2)Anowl3)Adolphin4)Atiger5)Amonkey6)A

dog7)Abeaver8)Alion9)Apenguin10)Anostrich

PartII:Whichisthebestchoice?

1)B2)C3)D4)C5)B

6)A7)D8)C9)C10)C

stingFactsaboutAnimals(Moreforteachers’reference)

rnkangarooisabout1inchinlength.

ar,inctat1/3oftheEarth'sfoodcrop.

nlastlongerwithoutwaterthanacamelcan.

vesnearly200,000glassofmilkinherlifetime.

ydomesticanimalnotmentionedintheBibleisthecat.

equiresmorefoodinproportiontoitssizethanababyoracat.

malresponsibleforthemosthumandeathsworld-wideisthemosquito.

ans

spendmorethan5.4billiondollarsontheirpetachyear.

Show

May:dog,speak,third

Beth:bird,jump,first

Kim:snake,rolloverandplaydead,cond

Sincethesnakerollsover(clue#3)andthebirddoesnotspeak(clue#2),thebird

thatjumpstookfirstplace(clue#4),andthebirdisownedbyBeth

(clue#5),ethownsthefirst-placepetandMay

ownsthethird-placepet(clue#1),he

snaketookcond(clue#6),ownsthebird,andKimowns

thesnake,hebirdjumpsandthesnakerollsover,the

ayownsthedog,andMay’spettookthird,thedogmustbethe

third-placepet.

PartTwoReading-CenteredActivities

-Reading

–Yes,extremelyfrightened.I’mterrifiedofthembecauIfeeltheycaneasily

socarrydias.

–No,’mathome,

mple,Ihave

themeatandshe’’reverygoodfriends.

Whentheyarethreatened;

Whentheyareattackedorhurt;

Whentheywanttoprotecttheiryoung;

Whentheyarecornered.

Whentheyareputincertainsituations:

inwar;

inlf-defen;

whentheyareextremelyangry;

whentheylackspaceandfreedom.

4)Fighting,beating,slapping,invasion,war,etc.

-ClassReading

Words,PhrasandGrammaticalPoints

Somezoologistsandpsychologistscomparemodernmantoacagedlion.

―compare…to…‖除了有―把……比作……‖的意思外，还有―把……与…比较‖的意思（可用

―compare…with…‖来替代）。

I)HecomparedLondonto/withPairs.

II)Itwasaverysmallplacethencomparedwith/towhatitisnow.

III)Thisroadisquitebusycomparedto/withours.

IV)Childrenemtolearnmoreinterestingthingscomparedto/withwhenwewere

atschool.

Infact,itisalmostimpossibleforthemtobehaveotherwi.

Theword―otherwi‖meansinawaythatisdifferentfromwhathasbeenmentioned.

I)Thegovernmentclaimsthattheeconomyisimproving,butthissurveysuggests

otherwi.

II)Takeapproximately60mguptofourtimesaday,unlessadvidotherwibya

doctor.

III)Allphotographsarebytheauthorunlessotherwistated.

IV)Thereisnowayanythingwouldeverhappenbetweenus,andbelievemeI’vetried

toconvincemylfotherwi.

lf,byitlf,toitlf,ofitlf

initlfconsideredwithoutotherrelatedideasorsituation本身

I)Theplanwasn’tillegalinitlfbutitwouldleadtosomedoubtfulpractices.

II)Theproblemisunimportantinitlf,butitslong-termeffectscouldbevery

rious.

byitlf1)alone单独地

I)Theanimalhadbeenleftinthehoubyitlf.

II)Thefarmhoustandsbyitlfinthefields.

2)withouthelp自动地

I)Thedogmanagedtodragtheboxintotheroombyitlf.

II)Thedooropenedbyitlf.

toitlfnotsharedwithothers

e.g.I)Thisideadervesachaptertoitlf.

II)Thecommitteekepttheresultsofthesurveytoitlf,fearingabadpublic

reaction.

ofitlf自行地，自然地

Thelightwentoutofitlf.

d“constructive”derivesfrom“construction”,“aggressive”

from“aggression”and“destructive”from“destruction”.Similarword

formationcanbefoundin:

appreciation—appreciativeextension—extensive

creation—creativeinvestigation—investigative

production—productiveimpression—impressive

competition—competitivegeneration—generative

deception—deceptiveperception—perceptive

exclusion—exclusiveinclusion—inclusive

conclusion—conclusiveevaluation—evaluative

protection—protective

intheconditionstochanneltheiraggressionintocreative

work,peoplewillprobablyexpressitthroughrentmentandanger.

Theword―channel‖means―todirectsomethingintoaparticularplaceorsituation‖

(把……引导向……，转到……).

Ifshecouldonlychannelallthatnervounergyintosomethinguful.

Alotofmoneyhasbeenchanneledintorearchinthatparticularfield.

Hechanneledhisthoughttowardonephaoftheproblem.

-Reading

ReadingComprehension

tandingtheMainIdeaofthePassageAComparisonofAnimalandHuman

Aggression

AnimalsHumanbeings

Causofaggression1)Abnormalconditions8)Livingconditionsincrowded

cities.

Conquences

2)Itwillshowabnormal

aggressiveness.

9)Peoplemaybehave

aggressivelytowardeachother.

Examples

3)Atigeroncecameoutofthe

jungleintoavillageandattackeda

man.

4)Thecagedlionoftenbecomes

moreaggressivethanitwouldbe

inthewild.

10)Aoncelf-employed

crafts-manandpeoplewho

onceworkedinasmallfirmwill

expressaggression

throughrentmentandanger.

11)Amanmaykillthousandsof

peoplebydroppingabomb

fromaplane.

Behaviorindesirable

situations

5)Thetigerwouldhavestayedin

thejungleandhuntedforfoodin

thecustomaryway.

6)Thecagedlionwouldbe

continuallyactive,rangingover

longdistances,huntinginfamily

groups.

12)Peoplemighthavebeenno

moreaggressivethantheir

fellowcreatures.

13)Themanwouldhesitate

tohitanotherpersoninfrontof

hiyes.

Possiblesolutions

7)Thelionshouldbefreeto

wanderonthegrassyplainsof

Africa.

14)Hostilityandaggression

shouldbeexpresd

inconstructiveactivityand

non-violentcompetition.

tandingSpecificInformation

1)D2)C3)A4)C5)D6)B

onsforGroupDiscussion

1)–ere2worldwarsbefore,duringwhichlargenumbersofpeoplewere

eingsorthewholeworld

canbedestroyedifnuclearorbiologicalweaponsshouldbeudbyviolentinsanepeople.

shumanshave

killedlargenumbersofanimalsforfood,clothes,medicalrearch,pleasure,orforno

nkhumansaremuchmoreaggressivethananimals.

–No,animalsare,ingeneral,aregoodby

nature,’smore,animalshavemore

tweapons,manis

weakerandlessaggressivethananimals.

2)–Yes,sportsaregenerallyagoodwaytochannelenergyandaggression,especially

boxing,wrestling,ballgames,ationalsportnableathletesfrommany

areforinternationalsports

competitions,theyhavetoimprovetheirskills,strengthentheirmuscles,develop

effectivestrategies,,non-athletes,willfeelconcernedwiththem,excitedwith

them,andproudofthem,andcheerforthem.

–No,n’tchangethe

neverheardofanysportsgamesthathavestopped

disputes,conflicts,wars,etc.,butontheotherhandtherewereathleteswhowere

prevre

havebeenactsofterrorism,andexamplesofunfairjudgmentsandaggressivebehaviorat

theOlympicGames.

Vocabulary

VerbNounAdjectiveAdverb

aggressaggressionaggressiveaggressively

/violenceviolentviolently

behavebehavior//

/territoryterritorial/

/hostilityhostile/

disabledisabilitydisabled/

comparecomparisoncomparative/comparablecomparatively/comparablely

destroydestructiondestructivedestructively

rentrentmentrentfulrentfully

constructconstructionconstructiveconstructively

competecompetitioncompetitivecompetitively

/evidenceevidentevidently

t—non-violentdoubtfully—undoubtedly

satisfied—dissatisfiednormal—abnormal

constructive—destructivepersonal—impersonal

diminish—increaencourage—discourage

3.

1)survive

2)conflicts3)available4)likely

5)injuring6)absorbed7)competition8)instinct

9)hesitated10)similar

4.

Aggressionisthefightinginstinctinbeastandman,whichisdirectedagainst

eorizedthatinnaturalconditionsaggressionhelps

toensuresurvivalofindividuals(andthusthespecies),bypreventingtooden

ngisgenerally

considr,

manybutnotallfemalemammalxhibitaggressionduringthepostpartum(产后的)

periodindefenoftheiryoung.

ThegreatanimalbehavioristKonradLorenzobrvedthatineveryindividualthe

readinesstofightisgreatestinthemostfamiliarplace:

thedistancefromterritoryincreas,

wasnotthecawithmypetrat;hewasreadyandwillingtobeatuphisneighbors

ussomeratstobe

moreaggressivethanothers?Thereiscertainlyevidencethataggressionhasagenetic

basis,atleastinsomeanimals.

Translation

aysbehavesbadlywhenherauntcomestovisit.

2)Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,wewouldn’thavebeenabletofinishthetaskin

time.

3)Iwarnedhimoffgoingtotheeastcoastbecauitwasfulloftourists.

4)Thefactthatsomethingischeapdoesn’tnecessarilymeanit’soflowquality.

5)Withoutanyonetoturntoforhelp,makinganappropriatechoicecanbedifficult.

6)Hissadnessatthedeathofhiswifefoundexpressioninhismusic.

7)OnlyifPetergoestotheeveningpartywillshego.

8)Icanonlycomparetheexperiencetoanightmare.

ReadingforFun

ReadingforFun

Directions:onejoketoreadandthenshareitwithyour

partner.

BearAlert

TheColoradoStateDepartmentofFishandWildlifeisadvisinghikers,hunters,

fishermen,andgolferstotakeextraprecautionsandbeonthealertforbears.

Theyadvipeopletowearnoi-producingdevicessuchaslittlebellsontheir

clothingtoalertbutnotstartlethebearsunexpectedly.

The

alsoagoodideatowatchforsignsofbearactivity.

Peopleshouldbeabletorecognizethedifferencebetweenblackbearandgrizzly（灰色

的）beardroppings.

Blackbeardroppingsaresmallerandcontainberriesandpossiblysquirrelfur.

Grizzlybeardroppingshavebellsinthemandsmelllikepepperspray.

CatchingARabbit

TheLAPD,theFBI,andtheCIAarealltryingtoprovethattheyarethebestat

apprehending（拘捕）asa

rabbitintoaforestandhaachofthemtrytocatchit.

aceanimalinformants（提供信息的人）throughouttheforest.

hreemonthsofextensive

investigationstheyconcludethatrabbitsdonotexist.

woweekswithnocluetheyburntheforest,killingeverything

init,includingtherabbit,bithaditcoming.

meouttwohourslaterwithabadlybeatenraccoon（浣

熊）.Theraccoonisyelling:"Okay!Okay!I'marabbit!I'marabbit!"

Notes:

LAPD洛杉矶警察局

FBI美国联邦调查局

CIA美国中央情报局

Morereadingsforfun

elephonedthePsychic（精神的）Hotlineandwastold,"Youaregoingtomeet

abeautifulyoungwomanwhowillwanttoknoweverythingaboutyou."

Thefrogsaid,"That'sgreat!WillImeetherataparty,orwhat?"

"No,"saidthepsychic,"Nextterm--inherbiologyclass."

aystoherhusbandoneweekendmorning,"We'vegotsuchacleverdog.

Hebringsinthedailynewspaperverymorning."

Herhusbandreplied,"Well,lotsofdogscandothat."

Thewiferesponded,"Butwe'veneversubscribedtoanypapers!"

PartThreeFurtherDevelopment

EnrichingYourWordPower

1)A2)B3)C4)A5)C6)B7)A8)B9)B10)C

nowWhatTheyMean?

1)Itisriskytosacrificeonethingoraccomplishmentwhichhasbeenattained,forthe

uncertainhopeofgainingmore.

2)Whenoneisclotoone'slimits(ofstrength,tolerance,endurance,patience,etc.),

anotherwiinsignificantthingcansurpassthelimitsandcaudisaster.

3)Onecannotrelyonexpectationsorassumptions;itisbettertorelyonlyonwhatis

certain.

4)Toomuchcuriositycancauonetoabandoncautionandencounterunen

danger.

5)Don'tstiruptroublewhenalliscalm.

6)Don'tbediscouragedifyoudon'tgettheoneyouwant--othersareavailable.

7)Peopleshouldbetreatedequally,regardlessoftheirgender.

8)Changingone'smindinthemiddleofataskoreventwillcaumoreproblems

thanifthetask/eventhadbeenthoughtthroughbeforehand.

9)It'stoolatetoprotectyourlfaftersomethingbadhashappened;takeappropriate

precautions.

10)Onemaysuggestsomethingtoanother,butcannotforcetheothertodowhathe

doesnotwishtodo.

alsLoveEachOther?

studentswiththesame

opinionintothesamegroup.

OpinionA:Ithinkit’slove,becauloveisthemostcommonfeelinginhumanbeings

hercalfisthemother’eandswansare

symbolsofmaritalfidelityorlovebecautheystaytogetheralltheirlivesandform

lastingpairs.

OpinionB:Animalsdon’e―bondbetween‖ratherthan

the―lovebetween‖herisnotdisplaying―true

love‖,sdon’texperiencejoy,love

andheartbreaklikeourown.

OpinionC:malsprotecttheir

spartofthelovebetweena

istheca,thentheelephantandher

calfarealsolinkedbyaformoflove.

stingStoriesaboutAnimals

Sample1

ordingtoscientific

obrvations,

couplestaytogetherinthespringbutwhenthematingasonisover,themalegoesaway

anddoesnotwaitfortheducklingstohatchorhelptolookafterthem.

However,swanspairforlifeandremainloyaltoeachotherintheirrelationship.I

thinkth

eofthemdies,theother

becomessosadthatitdoesn’teatandmaydasharounduntilitkillsitlf.

Sample2

somuchtimewith

adtopointacertainwayandtheywouldall

,someofmyclassmateswerewalkingbymy

ajokeonthem,Ipointedtothegirlsandallthe

lswereterrified!

UsAnimals

STEPONE

1)forsportsandentertainment:bullfighting,hor-racing,fishing,roosterfighting,

cricketfighting,greyhoundracing,dogsledracing,monkeyshow,equestrian,etc.

2)forfood:meat,milk,eggs,blood,bones,honey,ediblebird’snest,bear’spaw,etc.

3)forpets:dogs,snakes,turtles,cats,goldfish,fish,rabbits,parrots,guineapigs,etc.

4)forvariousproducts:ivory,fur,leather,wool,silk,oil,bones,feathers,horns,etc.

5)forwork:hors,dogs,camels,oxen,elephants,monkeys,pigeons,donkeys,

buffalo,etc.

STEPTWO

Possibleanswers:

--Ifwewereforbiddentouorabuanimalsinallofthewaysmentioned,lifefor

manwouldbequitedifferentanddifficult,too.

--Ifwewerenotallowedtouanimalsforsportsandentertainment,wewouldhave

feweractivities.

--Ifwewerenotallowedtouanimalsforfood,people’shealthwouldbemuch

speople

speoplewouldbe

healthierbynoteatingmeat,andalsostayslim.

--Ifwewerenotallowedtouanimalsaspets,someoldpeopleandchildrenwould

bemuchmorelonely,rayanimalswould

malswouldenjoymorefreedombylivingintheir

naturalenvironment.

--Ifwewerenotallowedtouanimalsforclothes,peopleespeciallywomenwould

animalswouldbewellprotected,peoplewouldn’t

huntanimalsformoney,imalswould

renotallowedtouanimalsforassortedproducts,someanimals

suchalephantsandwhales,wouldfacelessdangerofextinction.

--Ifwewerenotallowedtouanimalsforwork,peoplethemlveswouldhaveto

,theywouldhavetothinkofotherswaystomaketheworkeasier.

Possibleanswers:

Animalsshouldbetrainedtohelphumansbecau:

--inthiswaywecanmakebetteruoftheresourcesontheearth;

--wecandevelopaclorrelationshipbetweenhumansandanimals;

--wecanprotectthembetterbygivingthemfoodandshelter.

--animalsaresavageandwildandthusshouldnothavethesamerightsashumans;

--thebasicrightofanimalsistolive;

--thowhosaynotothisquestionarekillinganimalsforsuchthingsasfoodand

leather;

--otherwiwehavetotrainourlvesforaliving.

Animalsshouldnotbetrainedbecau:

--animalsshouldhavetherighttolivefreely;

--animalsshouldn’tbeenslavedastheblacksudtobe;

--someanimalshavetobetrained,forexample,dogs;

--animalsarenotpersonalbelongingsofhumanbeings;

--animalsshouldlivepeacefullyinnature;

--humansarelfishindoingso.

PartFourWritingandTranslation

ationPractice

主语从句：

这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为，即使有什么联系的

话，也是不足道的。

遗憾的是，我们的呼吁没有得到响应。

众所周知，肺癌至少部分是由于吸烟过多引起的。

现在把话题转到一个月以前在那里发生的惨案上，这是很自然的事。

那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。

宾语从句：

他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不止他一个人，还有其他许多人。

他们想要说明，为什么我们有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为。

在这场争论中，赞成"天性"的那些人认为：我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因

素所决定的。

伽利略最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星

是围绕太阳旋转而不是围绕地球。

g

AnimalsShouldbeTrained

yofthemarehighly

trainsomeanimalstoworkforhumanbeings,wecansavealotof

moneyandmanpower.

First,somekindsofanimalscanbetrainedbadontheircapacitytodocertaintypes

mple,sincedogshaveasuperiorabilitytotrackdown

odors,wecantrainthemtofindillegalthings,earthquakevictims,orevenancienttombs.

Second,keyisagoodexample.

Monkeyscanbetrainedtolearntoopendoors,fetchtools,bringbooks,can

s

makethelivesofthepeoplehappierandmorecomfortable.

Finally,insomecas,

dolphinsasunderwaterguardscanbebetterandcheaperthananyman-madetracking

devices.

Inaword,ainanimalsinthe

properway,bothhumansandanimalscangetalongverywell.(194words)

GiveAnimalsTheirFreedom

Humansandanimalsarebothcreaturesofnature,noright

r,manyanimalsarenowbeingtrainedtoworkforus.

Monkeysaretrainedasrvants,dogsashuntersandsniffers,anddolphinsassoldiers.

Beastsshouldbeallowedtorunfreelyovergreatdistancesandbirds,flyfreelyinthe

eyareinnature,n

theyarekeptincaptivity,theyareboredandfrustrated.

Ifwehavetherighttochooourfate,weforcethemtorve

us,’smore,alotofanimalslotheirlives

tofthemdon’ow,

lifebelongstousonlyonceandthereforeispriceless,

old-blooded

creaturesandweshouldcriticizeourlves.

Inbrief,imals

theirfreedom.(205words)