2010考研英语一真题

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试（英语一）试题及答案

】

SectionIUofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],

[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

In1924American’NationalRearchCouncilnttoengineerstosuperviariesof

industrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnear

dtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlignting__1__workersproductivity.

Instead,thestudiended__2___givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”,the

extremelyinfluentialideathatthevery___3____tobeingexperimenteduponchanged

subjects’behavior.

Theideaarobecauofthe__4____behaviorofthewomenintheHawthorneplant.

Accordingto__5____oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrowhenlightingwas

incread,ot__6____whatwasdoneinthe

experiment;___7_sometingwaschanged,productivityro.A(n)___8___thattheywere

beingexperimenteduponemedtobe____9___toalterworkers’behavior

____10____itlf.

Afterveraldecades,thesamedatawere_11__rne

experimentshasanothersurpristore_12__thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic

_13__wasfoundthatlevelsofproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto__14__

interpretationofwhathapped.__15___,

workstartedagainonMonday,output__16___rocomparedwiththepreviousSaturday

and__17__toriforthenextcoupleofdays.__18__,acomparisonwithdataforweeks

whentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,

workers__19__tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanyca,before__20

__ggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect“is

hardtopindown.

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]asssments

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incathat[D]solongas

8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]ntiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconquence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

17.[A]failed[B]cead[C]started[D]continued

20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hiting

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],

[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepast

quarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthe

scopeandriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortyto

imagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.

Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe

suchbookstodayisto

marvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationin

general-circulationdailies.

Weareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocudnewspaperreviewspublishedin

Englandbetweentheturnofthe20thcenturyandtheeveofWorldWarⅡ,atatimewhen

newsprintwasdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornamenttothe

efar-offdays,itwastakenforgrantedthatthe

criticsofmajorpaperswouldwriteindetailandatlengthabouttheeventstheycovered.

Theirswasariousbusiness,andeventhoreviewerswhoworetheirlearninglightly,

likeGeorgeBernardShawandErnestNewman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhatthey

enbelievedinjournalismasacalling,andwereproudtobe

publishedinthedailypress.“Sofewauthorshavebrainnoughorliterarygiftenoughto

keeptheirownendupinjournalism,”Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedto

define‘journalism’as‘atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadtowriters

whoare’.”

Unfortunately,eCardus,whowroteforthe

ManchesterGuardianfrom1917untilshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknown

hislifetime,though,hewas

alsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-musiccritics,andastylistsowidelyadmiredthat

hisAutobiography（1947）nightedin1967,thefirstmusic

yoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,andhisvastbodyof

writingsonmusicisunknownsavetospecialists.

IsthereanychancethatCardus’scriticismwillenjoyarevival?Theprospectems

listictasteshadchangedlongbeforehisdeath,andpostmodernreader

shavelittleufortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproinwhichhespecialized.

Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticismhasbeeninheadlongretreat.

dicatedinParagraphs1and2that

[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-citynewspapers.

[B]English-languagenewspapersudtocarrymoreartsreviews.

[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofreaders.

[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismondailies.

perreviewsinEnglandbeforeworldwarⅡwerecharacterizedby

[A]freethemes.

[B]casualstyle.

[C]elaboratelayout.

[D]radicalviewpoints.

fthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablyagreeon？

[A]Itiswriters’dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

[D]Notallwritersarecapableofjournalisticwriting.

nbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

[A]Hismusiccriticismmaynotappealtoreaderstoday.

[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenindispute.

[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.

[D]Hiswritingsfailtofollowtheamateurtradition.

uldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays.

[B]ThelostHorizoninNewspapers.

[C]MournfulDeclineofJournalism.

[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory.

Text2

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengrantedforwhatarecalled

eivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepaymentsystem.

entorpatenteda

techniqueforliftingabox.

Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalebackon

business-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversialeversincetheywerefirst

ethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.

courtofAppealsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwoulduaparticularcatoconducta

lski,asthecaisknown,is“avery

bigdeal”,saysDennis’“hasthe

potentialtoeliminateanentireclassofpatents.”

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-face,becauitwasthe

federalcircuititlfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-called

stateStreetBankca,

rulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerging

internetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonline

,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,if

2005,IBM

notedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatents

rly,someWall

Streetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemlveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenas

theytookpositionsincourtcasopposingthepractice.

TheBilskicainvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergy

eralcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecawouldbeheard

byall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueit

wantstoevaluateiswhetheritshould”reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling.

TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofariesofrecentdecisionsbythe

sril,

forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”

gesontheFederalcircuitare“reactingtotheanti_patenttrend

atthesupremecourt”,,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorge

WashingtonUniversityLawSchool.

ss-methodpatentshaverecentlyaroudconcernbecauof

[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

[B]theirconnectionwithastallocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization

fthefollowingistrueoftheBilskica?

[A]Itsrulingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions

[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

[C]IthasbeendismisdbytheFederalCircuit

[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.

d“about-face”(Line1,Paro3)mostprobablymeans

[A]lossofgoodwill

[B]increaofhostility

[C]changeofattitude

[D]enhancementofdignity

nfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-methodpatents

[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges

[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders

[D]increatheincidenceofrisks

fthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

[A]Aloomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

[C]Alegalcaregardingbusiness-methodpatents

[D]Aprevailingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents

Text3

InhisbookTheTippingPoint,MalcolmAladuellarguesthatsocialepidemicsaredrivenin

largepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials,

whoareunusuallyinformed,persuasive,aisintuitively

compelling,butitdoesn’texplainhowideasactuallyspread.

Thesuppodimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfromaplausiblesoundingbutlargely

untestedtheorycalledthe“twostepflowofcommunication”:Informationflowsfromthe

ershaveembracedthe

two-stepflowbecauitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials,

oryalsoemstoexplain

thesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,brands,

manysuchcas,acursoryarchforcausfindsthatsomesmallgroupofpeoplewas

wearing,promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelpaidattention.

Anecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecialpeoplecan

drivetrends

Intheirrecentwork,however,somerearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthat

influe,

theydon’temtoberequiredofall.

Therearchers’argumentstemsfromasimpleobrvingaboutsocialinfluence,withthe

exceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whooutsizeprenceisprimarilya

functionofmedia,notinterpersonal,influence-eventhemostinfluentialmembersofa

populationsimplydon’sprecilythe

non-celebrityinfluentialswho,accordingtothetwo-step-flowtheory,aresuppodto

dricial

epidemictooccur,however,eachpersonsoaffected,musttheninfluencehisorherown

acquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirs,andsoon;andjusthowmanyothers

payattlein

thenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,for

examplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecascadeofchange

won’tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople.

Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluence,therearchersstudiedthe

dynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulations,

manipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheir

kshowsthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatwecall

“globalcascades”-thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks-isthe

prencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople,

eachofwhomadopts,say,alookorabrandafterbeingexpodtoasingleadopting

lessofhowinfluentialanindividualislocally,heorshecanexertglobal

influenceonlyifthiscriticalmassisavailabletopropagateachainreaction.

ngthebookTheTippingPoint,theauthorintendsto

[A]analyzetheconquencesofsocialepidemics

[B]discussinfluentials’functioninspreadingideas

[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiverespontosocialepidemics

[D]describetheesntialcharacteristicsofinfluentials.

horsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”

[A]rvesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials

[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

erearchershaveobrvedrecentlyshowsthat

[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions

[B]interpersonallinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

[D]mostcelebritienjoywidemediaattention

erlinedphra“thepeople”inparagraph4referstotheoneswho

[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfluence

[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

[D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential

theesntialelementinthedynamicsofsocialinfluence?

[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted

[B]Theimpultoinfluenceothers

[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced

[D]Theinclinationtorelyonothers

Text4

thescenes,

theyhavebeentakingaimatsomeoneel:ules,

moanthebanks,haveforcedthemtoreportenormousloss,andit’

rulessaytheymustvaluesomeastsatthepriceathirdpartywouldpay,nottheprice

managersandregulatorswouldlikethemtofetch.

Unfortunately,banks’ailsmaybeunknowable,

buttheindependenceofstandard-tters,esntialtotheproperfunctioningofcapital

markets,,unlessbankscarrytoxicastsatpricesthatattract

buyers,revivingthebankingsystemwillbedifficult.

AfterabruisingencounterwithCongress,America’sFinancialAccountingStandards

Board(FASB)avebanksmorefreedomtou

modelstovalueilliquidastsandmoreflexibilityinrecognizinglossonlong-term

z,theFASB’schairman,criedoutagainsttho

who“questionourmotives.”Yetbanksharesroandthechangenhancewhatone

lobbygrouppolitelycalls“theuofjudgmentbymanagement.”

EuropeanministersinstantlydemandedthattheInternationalAccountingStandards

Board(IASB)Bsaysitdoesnotwanttoactwithoutoverallplanning,

butthepressuretofoldwhenitcompletesitreconstructionofruleslaterthisyearisstrong.

CharlieMcCreevy,aEuropeancommissioner,warnedtheIASBthatitdid“notliveina

politicalvacuum”but“intherealword”andthatEuropecouldyetdevelopdifferentrules.

Itwasbanksthatwereonthewrongplanet,withaccountsthatvastlyovervaluedasts.

Todaytheyarguethatmarketpricesoverstateloss,becautheylargelyreflectthe

temporaryilliquidityofmarkets,thwillnotbe

k’ssharestradebelowtheirbookvalue,suggestingthat

dmarketspartlyreflecttheparalysisofbankswhichwill

notllastsforfearofbookingloss,yetarereluctanttobuyallthosuppod

bargains.

Togetthesystemworkingagain,a’s

newplantobuyuptoxicastswillnotworkunlessbanksmarkaststolevelswhich

sfulmarketsrequireindependentandevencombative

BandIASBhavebeenexactlythat,cleaninguprulesonstock

optionsandpensions,forexample,ivingin

tocriticsnowtheyareinvitingpressuretomakemoreconcessions.

scomplainedthattheywereforcedto

[A]followunfavorableastevaluationrules

[B]collectpaymentsfromthirdparties

[C]cooperatewiththepricemanagers

[D]reevaluatesomeoftheirasts.

ingtotheauthor,therulechangesoftheFASBmayresultin

[A]thediminishingroleofmanagement

[B]therevivalofthebankingsystem

[C]thebanks’long-termastloss

[D]theweakeningofitsindependence

ingtoParagraph4,McCreevyobjectstotheIASB’sattemptto

[A]keepawayfrompoliticalinfluences.

[B]evadethepressurefromtheirpeers.

[C]actontheirowninrule-tting.

[D]takegradualmeasuresinreform.

horthinksthebankswere“onthewrongplanet”inthatthey

[A]misinterpretedmarketpriceindicators

[B]exaggeratedtherealvalueoftheirasts

[C]neglectedthelikelyexistenceofbaddebts.

[D]deniedbookinglossintheirsaleofasts.

hor’sattitudetowardsstandard-ttersisoneof

[A]satisfaction.

[B]skepticism.

[C]objectiveness

[D]sympathy

PartB

Directions:

ForQuestions41-45,choothemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthem

aphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.

uranswerson

ANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer’sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout;the

consumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrinfromabout32

percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andixpectedtoapproach

velopmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefood

rvicegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,comparedwithgrowthinretail

ile,astherecessionisloominglarge,peopleare

ndtokeepatighterholdontheirpurandconsidereatingat

homearealisticalternative.

[B]RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope’slargestmarketsareatastandstill,leaving

adingretailershave

alreadytriede-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,ostall

haveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefoodand

drinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.

[C]Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrink

market?ctioningofthemarketisbadonflexibletrends

rwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheller,

ate,thischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedbyan

ever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,regardlessofhow

longthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.

[D]Allinall,thisclearlyemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscouldprofitablyapply

theirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthemanagementofproductranges,

logistics,ersthatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalingin

t,thatishowitlooks

inspectionrevealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnational

markets,especiallyintheircustomergmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthe

ailersmust

understandthedifferencesbeforetheycanidentifythegmentsofEuropean

wholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmightunatsmallerbutentrenched

llsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.

[E]Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathavebeencloly

examined-France,Germany,Italy,andSpain-aremadeoutofthesamebuildingblocks.

Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-popgrocerystores

which,unlikelargeretailchains,aretwosmalltobuystraightfromproducers,andfood

rviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon’odrvice

operatorsrangefromsnackmachinestolargeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostof

thebusinessareknowninthetradeas“horeca”:hotels,restaurants,andcafes.

Overall,Europe’swholesalemarketforfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggish

paceastheretailmarket,butthefigures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposing

trends.

[F]Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,Germany,

Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin2000-morethan40percentofretailsales.

Moreover,averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;wholesale

demandfromthefoodrvicectorisgrowingquicklyasmoreEuropeanatoutmore

often;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthisfragmentedindustryareatlast

makingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.

[G]However,noneoftherequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andevensome

largegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,forthothat

mastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderablegains.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedgmentsintoChine.

YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Onebasicweaknessinaconrvationsystembadwhollyoneconomicmotivesisthat

creaturesare

membersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependsonitsintegrity,theyare

entitledtocontinuance.

Whenoneofthenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappentoloveit,we

eginningofthecenturysongbirds

weresuppodtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsome

distinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinctswouldeatusupifbirdsfailedtocontrol

dencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.

nolandethicyet,(47)but

wehaveatleastdrawnnearerthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinueasa

matterofintrinsicright,regardlessoftheprenceorabnceofeconomicadvantageto

us.

Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.(48)

Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverworkedtheevidencethatthecreatures

prervethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthattheypreyonlyon

“worthless”ain,

onlyinrecentyearsthatwehearthemorehonestargumentthatpredatorsaremembersof

thecommunity,andthatnospecialinteresthastherighttoexterminatethemforthe

sakeofabenefit,realorfancied,toitlf.

Somespeciesoftreehavebeen“readoutoftheparty”byeconomics-mindedforesters

becautheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaluetopayastimbercrops.(49)In

Europe,whereforestryicologicallymoreadvanced,thenoncommercialtreespecies

arerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,tobeprervedassuch,within

er,somehavebeenfoundtohaveavaluablefunctioninbuildingupsoil

erdependenceoftheforestanditsconstituenttreespecies,groundflora,

andfaunaistakenforgranted.

Tosumup:asystemofconrvationbadsolelyoneconomiclf-interestishopelessly

lopsided.(50)Ittendstoignore,andthuventuallytoeliminate,manyelementsinthe

landcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareesntialtoitshealthyfunctioning.

Itassumes,fally,thattheeconomicpartsofthebioticclockwillfunctionwithoutthe

uneconomicparts.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

ions:

YouaresuppodtowriteforthePostgraduates’Associationanoticetorecruit

iceshouldincludethe

basicqualificationsofapplicantsandotherinformationwhichyouthinkisrelevant.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

"postgraduates’Association"

instead.（10points）

PartB

ions:

essay,you

should

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.（20points）

2010年全国研究生入学统一考试（英语一）试题及答案

SectionI:UofEnglish(10points)

1.A2.B3.C4.B5.C

6.B7.D8.A9.C10.D

11.C12.A13.A14.D15.B

16.A17.D18.C19.B20.D

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.B22.A23.D24.A25.B

26.C27.D28.C29.B30.A

31.B32.D33.A34.C35.C

36.A37.D38.C39.B40.D

PartB(10points)

41.B42.F43.D44.G45.A

PartC(10points)

46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据来补救，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制昆

虫数量的话，昆虫就会把我们吃光。

47.但是我们至少更倾向于承认这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不

管其存在与否对我们是否有经济利益。

48.曾几何时，生物学家似乎过度使用了以下这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正

常运行去捕食弱小的生物或只捕食“没有价值的”物种。

49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员

适当地加以保护。

50.这个系统容易忽视并最终消灭陆地群落中很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对

于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。

SectionIII:Writing(30points)

51.参考范文

Notice

WearelookingforvolunteerstohelpattheInternationalConferenceonGlobalization,

whichistotakeplaceonthiscampusonJan.16th,nferencewillattractover

200business,academic,eerswill

havetheopportunitytogainexposureandknowledgeaswellasnetworkwithleadersand

dualswithexcellentlanguageskillsinEnglish,Frenchor

hohavecommunicationskillsand

experiencesininter——reinterestedin

joiningthisprogramtohelpuswiththeconference,pleaemailtovolunteer-4-

conference@yourphonenumberandtimeavailable.

Postgraduates’Association

52.参考范文

Forthepastthreedecades,Chinepeoplehavewitnesdanever—increasing

stratedinthepicture,

differentelementsfrombothChinecultureandwesternculturelikeBuddhism,post一

modernism,Confucianphilosophies,Einstein,LaoShe,Shakespeare,ChineGongfu,

OperaofSwanLake,andBeijingOpera,nly

enough,thishotpotwillbedeliciousandnutritious.

Suchatendencyofculturalexchangecanobviouslybeattributedtothe

pastthirtyyears,westernideasandvalues,

literature,arts,movies,andallsortsofculturalproductshavebeenintroducedtoChina.

Suchaninteractionofdifferentcultures,valuesandtraditionshasbroadenedChine

people’ile,manyforeignersgettoknowChine

culturebytravelingtoChina,readingChinebooks,watchingChinemovies,or

iusInstitutestupthroughouttheworldandtheYear

ofChi,

peoplenotonlyinChinabutalsothroughouttheworldbenefitenormouslyby

understandingandadmiringeachotherthroughthis“hotpot”ofdifferentcultures.

Tomymind’ye,aspeoplerecognizeandenjoytheadvantagesbroughtbythecultural

exchange,theywillsurelyhopetoemoreexchange,notjustintermsofculturebutalso

inallaspectsofhumancivilization.