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烧烛州烟递市涛浙学校高中英语专题四：

英语阅读理解专题

1．阅读理解题型为：主旨大意题；分析推理题；细节理解题；猜测词义题；以

细节判断试题为主。通过捕捉细节、分析细节、归纳正确答案。

2．阅读材料的选择尽量作到体裁分布均匀，题材多样，语言地道，材料多为最

近几年国内外报刊、杂志上具有时代性的原汁原味的文章。有很强的时代气

息。

3．阅读文理解试题体裁广泛，一般有记叙文，议论文，说明文和应用文。

4．题材涉及内容广，有科普类、人物传记、故事类、历史文化类、广告和新闻

报道类、社会热点和地理类。

5．试题难度适中，试卷包括难题中等和容易试题。中等为主、体现了大纲的

要求。

6．阅读速度要求每分钟60单词。

7．加大了深层次理解试题和篇章结构试题的考查力度。

8．新课标试题有新的变化，增加了阅读表达试题。阅读理解中加入了匹配试题。

【题型分布】

细节理解试

题

推断试题主旨大意试

题

词义猜测试

题

全国卷9631

全国卷7922

全国卷7922

【例题解析】

ctor`ence

555-2438

akeyouhome.$5anhour,call

555-5593.

`sdegreein

musicCallLoui555-6131.

,games,prizes,live

treetbetweenMainandNorth.

APARTMENTFORRENT.3sunnyroomsonhighfloor,te

ingroomcanbeudasdining

:SDGT@

nowledge

555—8860between9amand5pmweekdays.

temhasAM/

reowas

ceis$er

Billafter6pmat555-9834.

2．数字细节题：这类考查的是学生对文中提供的数据与文中其他信息的关系的理解及

加工的能力。

Howmanyofthevenadsareplacedbypeoplewhowanttohiresomeonefor

acertainjob?

答案：B.解析：根据第一、二、六段开头的信息，可知有三个广告招聘人。

3．正误细节试题：试题结构如下：

fthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

fthefollowingcouldNotexpected.

fthefollowingistrue?

fthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthecondparagraph?

Whichofthefollowingistrue?

hohavesomeexperienceinofficeworkwillhaveabetterchanceto

getthejobofcretary.

erofthestereowillneverllhisstereoatapricelessthan$200.

idriverisnotnotnecessarilyfamiliarwiththecity.

thstreetblockpartywilllastuntilafter8

答案：A.解析：根据广告1中的Experiencepreferred。广告Experiencenecessary，

可知答案A是真实的。根据广告7中Thepriceis$

ownerwillalsotakethehighestpriceofferediftheaskingpriceisnotmet.。

可知道B不真实。根据广告，Agoodknowledgeofthecityisrequired.可知C

不真实。根据广告4中，是十点到八点，故此。D不真实。

4．主旨大意题：此题考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。出试题的模式多

为：

fthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?

sageismainlyabout_____.

ter`spurpoisthat_____.

nideaofthearticleis____.

epassagewelearnthat______.

pointofthepassageis___.

iclemainlytellsusabout____.

assagethewriterarguesthat____.

说明文一般有主题句，所以寻找主题句显得尤其重要，一般主题句在句首，有时候

在句末。有时候，有的说明文、议论文的主题句要通过每段的主题句归纳得出。

Ifyouarelikemoststudents,youprobablyreadbothathomeandoutsideyour

home:perhapssomewhereonyourschoolyardandmaybeevenatworkduringyour

adingenvironmentcanhaveagreateffectonyour

understanding,soyougivesomethoughttohowyoucancreateorchoothe

ironmentallowstostayalterandtokeep

allofyourattentiononthetext,especiallywhenitisbothinterestingand

difficult.

Whenyouareathome,youcanusuallycreateeffectiveconditionsfor

htwanttochooaparticularplace–adeskortable,for

example–retheplaceyouchooiswell

lighted,gina

chairthat`stoosoftandcomfortableislikelyyoumakeyousleepy!Keepyour

activereadingtools(pens,markers,notebooksorpaper)andadictionaryclo

athand.

Beforeyousitdownforareadingperiod,trytoreduceallpossible

fyourphone,thetelevision,ur

ssary,put

a“Donotdisturb”signonyourdoor!Themoreinterruptionsyoumustdeal

withwhileyouread,theharderitwillbetokeepyourattentiononthetask

athand.

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

stoReducePossibleInterruptions

CCreatinganEffectiveReadingEnvironment

eadFast

答案：C解析：本文是说明文，主题句是第一段第二句。意思是怎样创设良好的阅读

环境。

5．推断试题：这类题主要考查学生对文章句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系的理解，如

何推测文章表面信息的深层含义、判断作者的意图、态度、观点、语气.这类试题的结

构如下：

*Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor__________.

*Whatisimpliedbutnotstated?

*Theparagraphisprobablytakenfrom____

*Itcanbeinferredinthestorythat______.

*Thewriterimpliedthat___________.

*What`sthewriter`sattitudetowards______?

*Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

*Whatisthewriter`spurpo?

*Fromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthat_____.

Ourvillagecarpenter,JohnHill,cameonedayandmadeadiningtableformy

itjusttherightsizetofillthespacebetweenthetwo

othomethatevening,Johnwasdrinkingacupofteaandwriting

outhisbillforthejob.

Mywifesaidtomequietly,“Itisninthcupofteatoday.”Butshesaid

inaloudvoice,

“Itisabeautifultable,dear,isn`tit?”

“I`lldecidedaboutthatwhenIethebill”Iread:

Onediningtable,10November,1989.

Costofwood:$17.00

Paint:$1.50

Work:8hours($1anhour)$8.00

Total:$36.50

WhenIwaslookingatthebill,Johnsaid,“Itisbeenafineday,hasn`t

it?Quitesunny.”

“Yes”Isaid“I`mgladitisonlythe10thofNovember.”

“Me,too”saidJohn,“`llbealotcolderbytheendofthemonth”

“yes,colder…andmoreexpensive!Diningtableswillbebe$20moreexpensive

onNovember30th,won`tthey,John?”

realittlesmileinhistwo

blueeyes?Igavehisbillbacktohim.

“Ifitisn`ttoomuchtrouble,John,”Isaid,“pleaadditupagainand

youcanforgetthedate.”

Ipaidhim$26.50andhewashappytogetit.

1．WhydidJohntalkabouttheweatherwhenthewriterwaslookingatthebill?

Becauhedidn`twantthewritertogothroughthebillcarefully.

Becauitwasreallyafineday

Becauhewantedthewritertocheckthebillcarefully

Becauhewantedtotellthewriterwhattheweatherwaslike.

答案：A解析：本题是推断试题，根据上下文语境，John故意分散作者注意力，使作

者不能仔细查帐目。

2．Fromthestoryweknowthat____.

deamistakeinthebill

iedtofoolthewriterinordertogetmoremoneyforhiswork.

dwrittenoutthebillbeforethewritergothome.

illwantedtoget$36.50forhisworkintheend.

答案：B解析：本题是推断判断题,根据上下文，作者查帐，John故意说话，是要愚弄

作者。

6．猜测词义：根据上下文或句子意思猜测单词或短语的意思。试题结构如下：

*Theword“…”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans___.

*Theunderlinedphra“…”inthearticleprobablymeans____.

*Theword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto____.

*Inline6,theword“…”couldbestbereplacedby____.

*“…”isasynonymfor____.

LONDONThursdayJuly26(Reuters)---EddymisdhisgirlfriendAnnasomuch

blemisshe

didthesameintheoppositedirection.

HeandAnnaevenmanagedtomisachotherwhentheysatinthesameairport

waitingroominSingaporeatthesametimetowaitforconnectingflights.

….

Theunderlinedword“miss”inparagraph2mostprobablymeans_____.

fromDlongtoe

答案：A解析：根据第二段可知，他们在同一个候机室，可没看见彼此。

【专题训练与高考预测】

A

ovies,weknowthat

ifwereachouttotouchTomCrui,sababy

havethisunderstanding?

esignedamethodfor

projectinganopticalillusion(视觉影像)nwastofirst

givebabiesarealball,onetheycouldbeexpectedtoshowsurpridintheir

facesandmovements,Allthe16to24-week-oldbabiestestedweresurprid

whentheyreachedfortheillusionandfoundthattheballwasnotthere.

thatifweputabox

inaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.

Butdoesababyrealizethataballthatrollsunderachairdoesnotdisappear

andgotonever-neverland?

ExperimentsdonebyBowersuggestthatbabiesdevelopanofobject

xperiments,Bowerud

16-week-oldand22-week-oldbabies

watchedthetoytraindisappearbehindtheleftsideofthescreen,theylooked

totheright,xperimenttookthetrainoff

thetableandliftedthescreen,allthebabiesemedsurpridnottoe

emstoshowthatallthebabieshadanofobjectpermanence.

Butthecondpartoftheexperimentshowedthatthiswasnotreallytheca.

There-archersubstituted(替换)aballforthetrainwhenitwentbehindthe

22-week-oldbabiesemedsurpridandlookedbacktotheleft

16-week-oldbabiesdidnotemtonoticethe

switch(更换).Thus,the16-week-oldbabiesemedtohaveanof“something

permanence,”whilethe22-week-oldbabieshadanofobjectpermanence

relatedtoaparticularobject.

sageismainlyabout.

’nofsight

sofexperimentsonbabies

’understandingofobjects

enttestsonbabies’feelings

graph3,“objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,and

object.

ndreach

dBoweruinhixperiments?

fthefollowingstatementsistrue?

iesdidn’thaveanofdirection.

erbabiespreferredtoytrainstoballs.

ngerbabieslikedlookingformissingobjects

iescouldn’ttellaballfromitsopticalillusion.

B

TheThreeGorges(三峡)Dam,thelargestdamintheworld,isalsothelargest

tomakethemotherof

allfloods,theChangjiangRiver,intoatameriveranditwillbethelargest

createahuge,

deep-waterlake,andmakeitpossiblefor10,000tonoceangoingshipstosail

15,000milesinlandfromthePacifictothecityofChongqingwithits30million

people,makingittheword’slargestriverport.

willbea-bout6,860feetlongand

611feethigh,ataspotcalledSandoupingnearYichang.

Aftermanyyearsofinvestigation(调研)expertshavedrawnaconclusionthat

timportantthingis

dingadaminsteadofnewcoalplantstomeetitsgrowing

demandforelectricity,Chinawillgiveoffmuchlesspoisonousgasintothe

air.

However,somescientistsdon’ythatChongqing

anddozensofothercitiesalongtheriverwillputmuchwasteintothe

rervoir(水库),whichcandoharmtopeople,fishandotherlivingthingsthat

ntation(沉积)anddamageofabreach(决口)are

problems,too.

TheThreeGorgesDamcouldbeconsidered,whenitisfinishedin2009,anew

eighthwonderoftheworldastothesizealone.

snotthepurpotobuildsuchahugedam?

entfloods.

ovenavigation(运输)itawonder.

oesthedamlie?

chang.

n.

takeabouttocompletethedam.

antenyears

antwentyyears.

ientistsfearthat.

edamisbuilt,thebalanceofnaturemaybedestroyed

ntationmayoccur

hmaycaumillionsofpeopletodieortobehomeless

icitywillnotbeasmuchaxpected

ingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTright?

nished,thedamwillbeoneofthemainbasofpowersourceofChina.

havedifferentideasaboutthettingupofthedam

takemanyyearstobuildthedambecaupeoplewanttoewhether

itwillbesafeandstrongenough.

ingwillbecomethelargestriverportintheworldwhenthedamis

finished.

C

Foreignersarelikelytoacquire(获得)moreinvestmentopportunitiesin

chinasincethecentralgovernmenthaspasdafreshregulationtoTuesday

toattractforeigncapital(资本)

Theregulation,whichwilltakeeffectonApril1,out-lineshowchinawill

expandco-ownedenterprisre-form(企业)

Accordingtotheregulation,overasinvestorsareexpectedtobecome

asinvestorswilleven

allowedtoholdthecontrollingstake(控股)inthelargestate-ownedenterpris,

exceptforthoofkeyimportancetonationaloreconomiccurity.

“China’sWTOmembershiphasreducedtherisksandcostsforforeigninvestors,

andmorecapitalandadvancedtechniquesandexpertknowledgeorskillare

expectedtoflownin,”anofficialsaid.

Inparticular,thenewregulationappeals(makesanear-nestrequest)for

capitalforagriculturaltechnology,transportation,energyandnewmaterial

industry,Therviceindustry,includingbanking,willgraduallybecome

anotherfocalpointofco-operation.

Thecountryhopesforeigninvestorsstartbusinessinthewesternregions,

wheretheywillenjoymorefavourabletaxationpoliciesforthenest10years.

dealofforeigncapitalhascometochinabecau.

Atheforeigninvestorshavetoomuchmoney

Btherearetoomanyenterprisinchina

CChinaisalargecountry

DChina’sreformwillbringgreatbenefittotheforeigninvestors

igninvestorsstarttheirbusinessinthewest-ernregions,they

will.

ApaymoretaxesBlomorebenefitCoffermoretaxesDgainmore

advantages

fthefollowingstatementsisNottrue?

ncapitalisappealedfortodevelopthenewmaterialindustry.

ncapitalisappealedtotakepartinChina’

nersareencouragedtotakepartinChina’nterprisreform.

ninvestorscanholdthecontrollingstakeofallthelargestate-owned

enterpris.

epassagewecaninferthatchina’srviceindustrywillin

future.’

lopedrapidly

ueco-operationwithforeigners

D.

twodaughters

womanstayedathomeandcoulddoallhouwork

andwouldn`temployanybody.

Oneevening,

toldthatoneofhersonsdiedinatraffic

ecamebacktolife,she

neededtobehelpedafterthat.

Severalmonthslatershewastoldonthetelephoneherdaughterdiedwhile

womanwassosadthatshehadtobeinhospital

enonshewasafraidtoansweranytelephonesandsometimesshe

itbroughtthemsometroubleandsome

usbandadvidhertoea

examinedhercarefullyandthenaskedhersomequestions.

“Youwillsoonbeallrightifyoufollowmyadvice,MrsKeller”saidthe

psychiatrist.

Theoldwomantookthemedicinethedoctorgaveontimeandtriedtoforget

monthslatershewenttoethepsychiatrist

again.

“Youhavesavedme,Doctor,”theoldwomansaid,assoonasshesawhim.

“Areyouafraidtoanswerthetelephonenow?”

“No,”answeredKeller.

“Idareansweritwhetheritringsornot”

lercoulddoallhouworkbecau______.

nomoneytoemployahelper.

strongenoughtodoallathome

n`tbelieveanybody

ewasfreeathome

womanfellinafaintbecau_____

ttoanswerthetelephone.

veryillthatevening

kedintheroomcarelessly

rdthenewsaboutherson`sdeath.

hecameoutofhospital,MrsKellerwasn`t___asbefore.

17.___madetheoldwomannotanswerthetelephone.

tor`band`ssuggestion

piecesofbadnews

E

London---“Everyonehasone!”Lucydeclaredtoherparents,tryingtoget

entsgavein.

Curioustoknowhowherdaughterwoulduthephone,JaneBidder,the

mother,eats20,ofwhom

gsandveraladolescentownersfeelintheir

bags.

Manyparentshavejustrealizethatthecell-phoneisnolongeronlyfor

travelingbusinessmen—itisaslikelytobefoundinschoolbags.

Thecell-phoneemstohavebecomesomethingesntialfortoday`steens

inBritain,accordingtoasurveypublishedlastweek,byNOP,aleadingmarket

chfoundthat66percentof16-year-olds

nowhaveaccesstoacell-phone.

Thecell-phonehasbeenturnedintoacretmessagingrviceby

eyaretalkingonthecell-phone,theirparentsarenotable

toeavesdroponthecondline.

Theinterviewswith2,019youngpeopleaged7to16foundthattheyfavor

thetextmassagingrvicesbecautheyofferacretwayofkeepingin

sofcretnotesintheclassroomaredyingout.

Forexample,“cya”means“eyou”;“lol”means“laughoutloud”;and

“2nite”isanabbreviationof“tonight”.Allthearebadonshorthand

phrasudontheInternet.

yarenotvery

honesringintheclassanddisturbstudy.

Besides,peopleareworriedaboutthehealthrisktokidsusingcell-phone

radiation.

ryofLucytoshowus____.

hparentsmeettheirchildren`sneedswhatevertheyare.

hkidshavegoodrelationshipswiththeirparents.

tishparentsacceptthetruthofteenagersowningacell-phone.

rychildgetsacell-phoneasabirthdayprentinUK.

uldbethebesttitleforthisnewsstory?

banscell-phones

s`curiosityaboutchildrenusingcellphones.

-phonepopularityamongUKteens

messagespopularamongkidsinUK.

iewdiscoverchildrenlikendingmessagesinsteadof_____.

geachother

gnotestoeachother

ggamesonline

ngeachother

【参考答案】

A

本文是一篇科普短文，大意是通过实验研究儿童是否知道物体是固体，具有物体持

久性的感觉，研究表明，16周到24周的婴儿都知道物体是有形的固体，然而第一项研

究表明只有18周以上的婴儿才对某个特定的物体的认识具有持久性。

1.解析本题考查主旨大意的把握能力。本文通过科学家的研究和对研究结果的解释，

旨在说明婴儿对物体的理解。答案：C

2.解析本题考查词义理解能力。通过对第二项研究情况的阅读和第三段的解释得知

“objectpermanence”意思是“物体依然存在”。答案：A

3.解析本题考查细节理解能力。第二段和第四段中所述的Bower的两个实验中都用

到了screen.答案：B

4.解析本题考查证误判断能力。第二段中所述实验情况表明：婴儿伸手去摸屏幕上的

影像，说明他们事先不能区分一个真正的球和影像的区别。答案：D

B

5.解析三峡大坝建成后可能成为第八大奇迹，但这并不是修大坝的目的，而A、B、C

项的内容从文中可看出都是建大坝的目的。答案D

6.解析从文中的直接信息可知三峡大坝位于宜昌附近的三斗坪。

7.解析文中有明确信息，三峡大责的修建工程已经开始，并将于工程全面竣工，因此

整个大坝的修建工程将历时。即使不知道大坝开工的具体时间，也应该知道是九十年

代，至少不是8年，而C、D明显不符。答案B

8.并非所有的科学家都赞同修大坝，他们担心沿长江城市会往水库排废物，而伤害到

人、鱼及其他生物造成生态平衡破坏。B、C内容在文中都有出现，但都不全。答案A

9.C项的内容显然与文章和客观情况不符大坝不可能边修边看值不值得修。

C

10.推理题。首先中国政府给外资提供了越来越多的机会，同时如文章所说“China’s

WTOmembershiphasreducedtherisksandcostsforforeigninvestors”中国

入世后给外国者降低了风险、降低了费用。这就是给他们的利益。答案D。

11.推理题。由于中国正在对西部进行开发，如果外国者去西部地区，机会肯定会更多，

其他几个选项与文章和题意都不符。答案D

12.细节题。文章第三段说“Overasinvestorswillevenbeallowedtoholdthe

controllingstakeinthelargestate-ownedenterpris,exceptforthoof

keyimportancetonationaloreconomiccurity.而D与该句话不一致。”答案D

13.推理题。根据倒数第二段中“Therviceindustry,includingbanking,

telecommunication,insurance,andtourism,willgraduallybecomeanotherfocal

pointofco-operation.”一句话，可以看出服务业将成为另一个合作的焦点，故

服务业将在未来发展迅速。答案C

D

14.推理题。第一段最后一句，MrsKeller在家里做所有的家务，并且不雇佣人，住院

后，做什么事情就需要人帮助，由此推断她很强壮。她丈夫有一家工厂，故不是没钱

雇佣人，而是她自己能做家务。答案：B

15.细节题。第二段中，MrsKeller接到电话，知道她儿子死了，她就晕倒了。答案：

D.

16.细节题。第二段中，根据此句：e

camebacktolife,neededtobehelpedafterthat。

这句告诉我们她健康状况不如以前。故此选：A.

17.细节题。MrsKeller连续两次在接电话时受到打击，都是关于子女死亡的电话，

所以不敢再接电话。故选：D

E

18.推理题。第三自然段，许多父母都意识到孩子们也可以拥有手机。故此答案选:C

19.主旨大意。通过父母的见闻，说明手机在英国学生中很普遍。故此答案选：C

20．细节题。倒数第五段，Theinterviewswith2,019youngpeopleaged7to16

foundthattheyfavorthetextmassagingrvicesbecautheyofferacret

sofcretnotesintheclassroomaredying

out.可以知道，学生喜欢发短信，故此答案为:B