ghetto

高级英语词汇汇总(第二册)

2

LessonTwoMarrakech

GeorgeOrwell

词汇：

thread(v.):passthroughbytwisting，turning，orweavinginandout穿过，

通过

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pomegranate(n.):aroundfruitwithared，leatheryrindandmanyed

scoveredwithred，juicy，edibleflesh；thebushorsmalltreethatbears

it石榴；石榴树

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chant(n.):asimpleliturgicalsonginwhichastringofsyllablesorword

sissungtoeachtune(礼拜仪式唱的)单调的歌

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bier(n.):aplatformorportableframeworkonwhichacoffinorcorp

isplaced棺材架；尸体架

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hack(v.):breakup(1and)withahoe，mattock，etc．(用锄等)翻地，挖(土)

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oblong(adj.):longerthanbroad；elongated长方形的

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lumpy(adj.):fulloflumps；coveredwithlumps多块状物的；凹凸不平的

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hummocky(a.):fulloforlookinglikelow，roundedhills布满小丘的；似

小圆丘的

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derelict(adj.):dertedbytheowner；abandoned；forsaken无主的；被遗

弃的

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lot(n.):aplotofground一块地

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undifferentiated(adj.):withoutclearqualitiesordistinctivecharacteristics

无区别的；无显著特点的

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mound(n.):aheaporbankofearth，sand，etc．builtoveragrave，in

afortification，etc．土堆；堤；坟堆

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prickly(adj.):fullofprickles多刺的

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3

pricklypear:anyofagenusofcactusplantshavingcylindricalorlarge，

flat，ovalstemjointsandediblefruits仙人掌(属)

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bumpy(adj.):fullofbumps；rough；jolting崎岖不平的；颠簸的；震摇的

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gazelle(n.):anyofvarioussmall，swift，gracefulantelopes瞪羚

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hindquarter(n.):eitherofthetwohindlegsandtheadjoiningloinofa

carcassofveal，beef，lamb，etc．；[p1.]thehindpartofafour—leggeda

nimal(牛、羊、猪等的)后腿肉；[复](四肢动物的)后躯

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nibble(v.):takesmall，cautious，orgentlebites小口地咬；谨慎地咬(啃)

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butt(v.):strikeorpushwiththeheadorhorns：ramwiththehead(用头

或角)撞击；顶撞

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mid—air(n.):anypointinspace，notincontactwiththegroundorothe

rsurface空中；上空

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navvy(n.):nunskilledlaborer，asoncanals，roads，etc．劳工；无特殊技

术的工人

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sidle(v.):movesideways，esp．inashyorstealthymanner(羞怯或偷偷地)

侧身行走

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stow(v.):packorstoreaway；fillbypackinginanorderlyway装载；装

进；收藏municipalityn．acity，．havingitsownincorporatedgo

vernmentforlocalaffairs自治市(或镇)

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ghetto(n.):(incertainEuropeancities)actiontowhichJewswereform

erlyrestricted(某些欧洲城市中从前的)犹太人居住区

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sore(adj.):givingorfeelingphysicalpain；painful疼痛的；感到疼痛的

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skull—cap(n.):alight，clofitting，brimlesscap，usuallywornindoors(室

内戴的)无沿便帽

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infest(v.):overrunorinhabitinlargenumbers，usuallysoastobehar

mfulorbothersome；swarminorover(虫害等)侵扰；骚扰；蔓延

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booth(n.):astallforthesaleofgoods，asatmarketsorfairs(市场或集市

上的)货摊；摊店，摊棚

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prehistoric(adj.):pertainingtoancienttimes，veryold-fashioned老式的；

4

古旧的

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warp(v.):becomebentortwistedoutofshape变弯曲；变歪

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frenzied(adj.):fullofuncontrolledexcitement疯狂的，狂乱的

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clamour(v.):makealoudconfudnoiorshout；cryout喧嚷，喧嚣，

吵闹

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grope(v.):feelorarchaboutblindly，hesitantly，oruncertainly摸索；

探索

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lf-contained(adj.):havingwithinonelforitlfallthatisnecessary；s

elf-sufficient，asacommunity自给自足的

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witchcraft(n.):thepowerorpracticesofwitches:blackmagic；sorcery巫

术；魔法

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square(adj.[colloq.]):satisfying；solid；substantial[口]令人满意的；充实的

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conspicuous(adj.):attractingattentionbybeingunexpected，unusual，out

standing惹人注目的，显眼的

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grove(n.):orchard果园

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legionnaire(n.):amemberofalegion军团的成员

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back—breaking(adj.):requiringgreatphysicalexertion；verytiring费劲

的；辛苦的，累人的

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desolate(adj.):uninhabited；derted荒无人烟的，荒凉的

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lucerne(n.):atypeofplantwholeavesgrowingroupsofthreeandw

hichisudforfeedingfarmanimals紫花苜蓿

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fodder(n.):gorfoodforcattle，hors，sheep，stalks，hay

andstraw(牛、马、羊的)粗饲料；饲草

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yoke(v.):putayokeon；jointogether；link用轭连起；连合；连结

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harrow(n.):aheavyframewithspikesorsharp—edgeddisks，drawnby

ahor0rtractorandudforbreakingupandlevelingplowedground，

coveringeds，rootingupweeds，etc．耙

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5

furrow(n.):anarrowgroovemadeinthegroundbyaplow沟，畦；犁沟

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trickle(n.):theactoftrickling；aslow，smallflow滴，淌；细流；

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subsoil(n.):thelayerofsoilbeneaththesurfacesoil底土，下层土，

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mummify(v.):shrivelordryup干瘪；枯干；成木乃伊状

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hobble(v.):gounsteadily，haltingly，etc．蹒跚

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leathery(adj.):ndflexible

(外观或质地)似皮革的；坚韧的，粗硬的

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infuriate(v.):cautobecomeveryangry；enrage(使)发怒，激怒

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damnably(adv.):execrably该诅咒地；极坏地

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packsaddle(n.):asaddlewithfasteningstocureandbalancetheloadc

arriedbyapackanimal驮鞍

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bridle(n.):aheadharnessforguidingahor马勒

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halter(n.):arope，cord，strap，etc．，usuallywithaheadstall，fortyin

gorleadingananimal；abitlessheadstall，withorwithoutaleadrope缰

绳；(马)笼头

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gut(n.[usu．inp1.]):thebowels；entrails[常用复]内脏

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plight(n.):conditionorstateofaffairs；esp，now,anawkward．sad，or

dangeroussituation情况；状态；(现尤指)苦境；困境或险境

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gall(v.):injureormakesorebyrubbing；chafe擦伤，擦痛；磨

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stork(n.):anyofafamilyoflarge，long—legged，mostlyold—worldwad

ingbirds．havingalongneckandbill，andrelatedtotheherons鹳

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reach-me—down(adj．[colloq.]):cond—handorready—made(衣服)用旧

的；别人用过的；现成的

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khaki(adj.):madeofkhaki(cloth)卡其(布)制的

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squash(v.):forceone’sway；squeeze挤进，挤入

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6

slump(v.):haveadroopingpostureorgait低头弯腰(而行)；消沉

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inquisitive(adj.):inclinedtoaskmanyquestionsorekinformation；eag

ertolearn好询问的；好奇的

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syphilis(n.):aninfectiousvenerealdia，caudbyaspirocheteandus

uallytransmittedbyxualintercouroracquiredcongenitally梅毒

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garrison(n.):troopsstationedinafortorfortifiedplace驻军；卫戍部队

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charger(n.):ahorriddeninbattleoronparade战马,军马

短语：

squaremeal:acompleteandsatisfyingmeal美餐丰盛的、令人满足

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inacloud:alargenumberofsmallthingsmovingthroughtheairasa

mass一团

例：acloudoflocusts一群蝗虫

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getat:toapproachorreach到达，得到

例：Youhavetoualittleladdertogetatthejarsonthetopshe

lves．你得使用一把小梯才可以拿到架子上面的坛子。

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nextdoorto:almostthesameas几乎

例：Leavingamantodieisnextdoortomurder．让一个人等死无异

于谋杀。

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inthisconnection:whilespeakingofsuchthings关于这一点，就此而论

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itdoesn’tmattertwopence:itdoesn’tmatterabit无关紧要

例：Itdoesn’tmattertwopenceifhedoesn’taccepttheinvita-tion．他

接不接受邀请都不要紧。

Lesson3PubTalkandtheKing'sEnglish

词汇(Vocabulary)

intricate(adj):hardtofolloworunderstandbecaufullofpuzzlingpart

s，details，orrelationships错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的

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7

indulge(v.):givewaytoone’sowndesire尽情享受；从事于

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meander(v.):wanderaimlesslyoridly；ramble漫步；闲逛

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conversationalist(n.):apersonwhoconvers；esp．，onewhoenjoysand

isskilledatconversation交谈者；(尤指)健谈者

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anecdote(n.):ashort，entertainingaccountofsomehappening，usuallyp

ersonalorbiographical轶事，逸事

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intimate(n.):aclofriendorcompanion密友，知己

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ontherocks[colloq．]:inorintoaconditionofruinorcatastrophe(婚

姻)破坏的；失败的

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musketeer(n.):(formerly)asoldierarmedwithamusket火枪手

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delve(v.):investigateforinformation；arch发掘；调查(研究)

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recess(n.):acluded，withdrawn，orinnerplace幽深处

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desultorily(adv.):aimlessly；atrandom随意地；无目的地

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alchemy(n.):anearlyformofchemistry，whochiefaimsweretochang

ebarmetalsintogold：amethodorpoweroftransmutation;

eminglymiraculouschangeofathingintosomethingbetter炼金术；变化物

质的方法或魔力

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tart(adj.):sharpintaste；sour；acid辛辣的；尖酸的；刻薄的

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convict(n.):apersonfoundguiltyofacrimeandntencedbyacourt

罪犯

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churl(n.):afarmlaborer；peasant农民；庄稼人，乡下人

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rift(n.):anopenbreakinapreviouslyfriendlyrelationship分裂；失和

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scamper(v.):runorgohurriedlyorquickly急驰，快跑

8

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rendering(n.):atranslation翻译

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bilingual(adj.):of，inorusingtwolanguages(用)两种语言的

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intercept(v.):izeorstopontheway，beforearrivalattheintendedpl

ace拦截；截断；截击。

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abu(v.):uwrongly；uinsulting，coarorbadlanguage；scoldhar

shly滥用；辱骂，口出恶言

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coin(v.):makeup；devi；invent(anewword，phra，etc．)编造；杜撰(新

词、新短语等)

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tussle(v.):fight，struggle，contend，etc．vigorouslyorvehemently斗争，

搏斗；竞争

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dandelion(n.):anyofveralplantsofthecompositefamily，commonla

wnweedswithjaggedleaves，oftenudasgreens，andyellowflowers蒲

公英(属)

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pejorative(adj.):disparagingorderogatory轻蔑的；贬低的

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facetious(adj.):jokingortryingtobejocular，esp．atanimappropriate

time滑稽的；诙谐的；(尤指在不适当的时候)开玩笑的

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underling(n.):apersoninasubordinateposition；inferiordisparaging(通

常作蔑词)下属；

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edict(n.):anofficialpublicproclamationororderissuedbyauthority；de

cree法令；命令；布告

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immune(adj.):exemptfromorprotectedagainstsomethingdisagreeable

orharmful不受影响的；可避免的

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ultimatum(n.):afinalofferordemand，esp．byoneofthepartiengag

edinnegotiations，therejectionofwhichusuallyleadstoabreakinrelati

onsandunilateralaction，theuofforceetc．bythepartyissuingtheul

9

timatum最后通牒

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chimpanzee(n.)anthropoidapeofAfrica，withblackhairandlarge，outst

andingears(非洲)黑猩猩

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短语(Expressions)

makeapoint:explainfullywhatoneisproposing充分解释

例：Allfight，you’vemadeyourpoint；nowkeepquietandlettheothers

saywhattheythink．好啦，你已经把话说清楚了；那就别说了，让别人谈谈看

法。

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inaflash:suddenly，veryquickly转瞬间，立刻

例：Justwaithere．I’ubebackinaflash．就在这儿等我，我马上就回来。

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ontherocks:(colloq．)inorintoaconditionofruinorcatastrophe(婚姻)破坏

的，失败的

例：Tim’smarriageisontherocks．提姆的婚姻亮起了红灯。

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getoutthebedonthewrongside:tobecrossorgrouchy早晨起来便心情不好

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laydown:toasrtordeclare声明，颁布

例：Theregulationslaydownarigidprocedureforcheckingsafety

equipment．法令规定了一套严格的安检程序。

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onwings:inflight；continuallymovingabout像飞一样地，飘飘然

例：Thebirdsareonwingsinthesky．鸟儿在空中展翅高飞。

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turnupone’snoat:tosneerat，scorn嘲笑，轻蔑

例：Thechildrenturneduptheirnosatmyhomecooking．孩子们嘲笑

我的厨艺。

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intheshoesof:inanother’sposition站在别人的立场上，设身处地

例：I’mgladI’mnotinhisshoeswithallthodebtstopayoff．我庆幸不

用像他那样去偿还所有的债务。

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comeintoone’sown:toreceivewhatproperlybelongstoone，esp．acclaimor

recognition得到自己该得的东西，如荣誉或世人的口碑

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situp:(colloq．)to。becomesuddenlyalert；besurpridorstartled吃惊，警

觉

例：Icalledheradamnedhypocriteandthatmadehersitup．我骂她惺

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惺作态，她马上警觉起来。

LessonFourInauguralAddress

词汇：

inaugural(adj.):ofaninauguration就职(典礼)的

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signify(v.):beasignorindicationof；mean表明；意味

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almighty(adj.):havingunlimitedpower；all—powerful有无限权力的；全能的

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forebear(n.):anancester祖先，祖宗

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prescribe(v.):tdownasaruleordirection；order；ordain；direct命令；指

示；规定，订立

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generosity(n.):thequalityofbeinggenerous慷慨；宽宏大量

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heir(n.):personwhoappearstogetsometraitfromapredecessororemsto

carryoninhistradition继承者；后嗣

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foe(n.):enemy；opponent敌人

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undoing(n.):theactofbringingtoruin，disgrace，ordestruction毁灭；破坏

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atodds:indisagreement；quarreling意见不一致；有争执

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asunder(adv.):intopartsorpieces分成碎片；分散

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prey(n.):apersonorthingthatfallsvictimtosomeoneorsomething牺牲品；掠

夺品

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subversion(n.):asubvertingorbeingsubverted．ruin颠覆(活动)；破坏

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sovereign(adj.):independentofallothers独立自主的

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outpace(v.):surpass；exceed在速度上超过；胜过

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invective(n.):aviolentverbalattack．strongcriticism，insults,curs,etc.;

vituperation抨击；辱骂，谩骂

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shield(n.):anypersonorthingthatguards，protects，ordefends;protection保

11

护人；防护物；保护

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writ(n.):aformallegaldocumentorderingorprohibitingsomeaction命令；律

令；文书；传票

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adversary(n.):apersonwhoopposorfightsagainstanother;opponent；

enemy对手，反对者；敌手，敌方

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anew(adv.):again重新，再

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unleash(v.):releafromorasfromaleash(解开皮带以)释放

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engulf(v.):swallowup；overwhelm吞没，淹没，压倒

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civility(n.):politeness．elyformalway礼貌，客气

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belabor(v.):talkaboutatunnecessarylength唠唠叨叨地反复讲

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formulate(v.):puttogetherandexpress(atheory．plan,etc.)asystematicway系

统地阐述(或提出)(理论、计划等)

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tap(v.):drawupon；makeuof开发、发掘

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heed(v.):paycloattentionto；takecarefulnoticeof注意,留神，留心

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beachhead(n.):apositionestablishedbyinvadingtroopsonanenemyshore；a

positiongainedasacarestartingpointforanyaction；foothold滩头堡，登陆

场；立足点

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endeavor(n.):anearnestattemptoreffort努力，尽力

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testimony(n.):anyformofevidence，.；proof证明，证据

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embattle(v.):[常用于被动语态]prepare，array，ortinlineforbattle使准备

战斗，使严阵以待

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tribulation(n.):greatmiryordistress,asfromoppression；deepsorrow苦难；

困苦；忧伤

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forge(v.):moveforwardsteadily，asifagainstdifficulties;form；produce(似乎

迎着困难)稳步前进；形成；结成

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alliance(n.):acloassociationforacommonobjectiveasofnations，political

parties，etc．联盟，联合，同盟

12

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短语：

atissue:indispute；tobedecided；atvariance；indisagreement意见不一致

例：Whatisatissueistheextenttowhichexamresultsreflectastudent’s

ability.意见的分歧之处在于考试对于学生能力的影响程度。

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atodds:indisagreement；quarrelling；antagonistic意见不一致，有争执

例：IHewasatoddswithhiscolleagues．他与同事意见不合。

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eastoff:todiscard；abandon；disown丢弃，摆脱

例：Ahavenoftranquilitywhereyoucancastoffthestrainsandstressof

life．一个可以摆脱生活重负的宁静港湾

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beyonddoubt:certainly毫无疑问

例：Shewasbeyonddoubtoneofthefinestswimmersintheschool．毫无

疑问，她在学校里游泳游得最棒。

LessonFiveLoveisaFallacy

MaxShulman

词汇(Vocabulary)

fallacy(n.):afalormistakenidea，opinion，etc.；error谬论，谬见；错

误

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enterprising(adj.):fullofenergyandinitiative；willingtoundertakenewp

rojects有进取心的；充满首创精神的；有胆量的

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unfetter(v.):freefromfetters；freefromrestraintofanykind；liberate

除掉…的脚镣；解放；使获得自由

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limp(adj.):1ackingorhavingloststiffness；flaccid；drooping，wilted柔软

的

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flaccid(adj.):hanginginloofoldsorwrinkles：softandlimp；flabby不

结实的；松驰的；松软的

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spongy(adj.):oforlikeasponge；softandporous海绵(状)的；柔软有弹性

13

的

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pedantic(adj.):oforlikeapedant迂腐的，书呆子气的

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trauma(n.):apainfulemotionalexperience，orshock．oftenproducingal

astingpsychiceffectandsometimesaneurosis(精神)心灵创伤

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calculating(adj.):fishway；scheming精明

的；(尤指)专为自己打算的；有算计的

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perspicacious(adj.):havingkeenjudgementorunderstanding；acutelyperc

eptive聪颖的；敏锐的

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astute(adj.):havingorshowingacleverorshrewdmind：cunning；craft

y；wily聪明的，敏锐的；精明的；狡猾的

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dynamo(n.):generator发动机

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scale(n.):eitheroftheshallowdishesorpansofabalance秤盘；天平盘

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penetrating(adj.):sharp；piercing锐利的

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scalpel(n.):asmall，light，straightknifewithaverysharpblade，ud

bysurgeonsandmanatomicaldisctions解剖刀，手术刀

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faddist(n.):apersonwhofollowsfads赶时髦的人

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fad(n.):acustom，style，etc．thatmanypeopleareinterestedinforas

horttime；passingfashion；craze一度时髦的风尚，风行一时的东西；一时的

狂热

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craze(n.):somethingthatiscurrentlythefashion；fad一时的风尚；风行一

时的东西；时髦

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acme(n.):thehighestpoint；pointofculmination顶点，极点

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appendicitis(n.):inflammationofthevermiformappendix阑尾炎

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laxative(n.):anylaxativemedicine；mildcathartic轻泻药；通便剂

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raccoon(n.):asmall，tree—climbing,chieflyflesh—eatingmammal浣熊

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mumble(v.):speakorsayindistinctlyandinalowvoice；mutter喃喃地

说；含糊地说

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temple(n.):eitheroftheflatsurfacesalongsidetheforehead，infrontofe

achear太阳穴，鬓角

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incredulous(adj.):unwillingorunabletobelieve;doubting；skeptical不相

信的；怀疑的

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unsanitary(adj.):notclean；harmfultohealth不卫生的；对健康有害的

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shed(v.):shedanaturalgrowthorcovering，ashair(毛发等)脱落

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

unsightly(adj.):notsightly；notpleasanttolookat；ugly不美观的；难看的；

丑陋的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

swim(n.):currentfashion潮流，时髦／砌theswimconformingtothecur

rentfashion赶时髦

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gear(n.):aspecificadjustment0fatoothedwheel(汽车等的)排挡

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

narrowly(adv.):cloly；carefully；thoroughly仔细地；严密地

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

attic(n.):theroomorspacejustbelowtheroofofahou；garret顶楼，

阁楼

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

covet(v.):wantardently；longforwithenvy垂涎；觊觎

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cerebral(adj.):appealingtotheintellectratherthantheemotions；intellect

ural理智的；凭理智行事的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

pin—up(adj.[colloq．]):designatingagirlwhoxualattractivenessmak

esherasubjectforthekindofpicturesoftenpinneduponwalls[口](女

子)其照片可供倾慕者钉在墙上的

15

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

proportions(n.):1ines；shapeofthebody线条；身材

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

making(n．[ofteninp1．]):thematerialorqualitiesneededforthemaki

ngordevelopmentofsomething[常用复]素质；内在因素

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

carriage(n.):conduct；behaviour；posture行为；举止；姿态

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

bearing(n.):wayofcarryingandconductingonelf：carriage；manner举

止，风度，姿态

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

breeding(n.):goodupbringingortraining良好的教养(或培养)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

exquisite(adj.):verybeautifulorlovely，esp．inadelicateorcarefullyw

roughtway优美的，高雅的，精致的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

specialty(n.):anarticlecharacterizedbyspecialfeatures，superiorquality，

novelty,etc．特产；特制品

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gravy(adj.):thejuicegivenoffbymeatincooking肉汁，调味汁

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

dipper(n.):along—handledcuporsimilarcontainerfordipping长柄杯或

类似容器

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sauerkraut(n.):choppedcabbagefermentedinabrineofitsownjuicewi

thsalt泡菜

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

veer(v.):changedirection：shift；turnorswingaround改变方向；转向；变

向

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gamy(adj.):havingastrong，tangyflavorlikethatofcookedgame；stron

ginsmell有猎物气味的；气味强烈的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

HolyToledoadj.[colloq.]):excellent[口]好极了

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

reverent(adj.):feeling。showing，orcharacterizedbyreverence恭敬的；虔

诚的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

16

greasy(adj.):smearedwithorcontaininggrea涂(或含)有油脂的；油污的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

pelt(n.):theskinofafur—bearinganimal，thasbeenstripped

fromthecarcass毛皮；生皮

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

canny(adj.):carefulandshrewdinone’sactionsanddealings；cleverand

cautious谨慎的；机警的；精明的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

waif(n.):apersonwithouthomeorfriends，esp．ahomelesschild流浪汉；

无家可归者；(尤指)流浪儿

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

swivel(v.):turnon旋转

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

wax(v.):growgraduallylarger；increainstrength，lntensity，volume．e

re．渐渐变大；增加

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

wane(v.):become．1essinten，strong，bright，etc．变弱；减少

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

kick(n.[colloq.]):pleasure高兴，兴奋

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

loom(v.):appear，orcomeinsightindistinctly隐约出现

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

dimension(n.):extent，size，ordegree}scope体积，容积，面积；范围，规模；

方面

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tryst(n.):anappointmenttomeetataspecifiedtimeandplace，esp。one

madecretlybylovers约会；幽会

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

wince(v.):shrinkordrawbackslightly，usuallywithagrimace．asinpai

n，embarassment,etc．(因疼痛、窘迫等)畏缩；退缩

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tug(v.):pullhard；drag；haul用力拉，拖，拖曳

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

desist(v.):cea；stop；abstain停止

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

contrite(adj.):feelingdeepsorroworremorforhavingsinnedordone

wrong；penitent懊悔的；忏悔的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

17

premi(n.):apreviousstatementorasrtionthatrvesasthebasisfor

anargument(尤指逻辑)前提

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

chirp(v.):speakinalively，shrillway嘁嘁喳喳地说

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

deposit(v.):put，layortdown放下，搁下

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

glum(adj.):feelingorlookinggloomy，sullen忧郁的，闷闷不乐的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ember(n.[usu．inp1.]):thesmolderingremainsofafire[常用复]余烬,余火

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

smolder(v.):burnandsmokewithoutflame；beconsumedbyslowcombus

tion闷烧；熏烧

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

fraught(adj.):filled，charged，orloaded充满…的；蕴含…的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

blubber(v.):weeploudly,likeachild(小孩般)大声哭

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

analogy(n.):anexplainingofsomethingbycomparingitpointbypointw

ithsomethingsimilar类比

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

brief(n.):aconcistatementofthemainpointsofalawca，usuallyfil

edbycounlfortheinformationofthecourt诉讼摘要；辩护状

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

blueprint(n.):aphotographicreproductioninwhiteonabluebackgroun

d，asofarchitecturalorengineeringplans(建筑或工程设计用的)蓝图

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

hypothesis(n.):anunprovedtheory，proposition，supposition，etc．tentativ

elyacceptedtoexplaincertainfactsortoprovideabasisforfurtherinve

stigation，argument，etc．假设；前提

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

yummy(adj.):[echoicofasoundmadeinexpressingpleasureatataste][c

olloq．]verytasty；delectable；delicious[表示享受美味的象声词][口]美味的，

可口的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

chunk(n.):ashort，thickpiece，asofmeat，wood，etc．一厚块(肉、木头

等)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

18

pitchblende(n.):abrowntoblacklustrousmineral，themassivevarietyof

uraninite沥青铀矿

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

fracture(v.[Am．slang]):cautoreactwithenthusiasm[美俚]使着迷

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gurgle(v.):makeabubblingsoundinthethroat，asacontentedbabydoe

s(婴儿高兴时)发咯咯声

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

notorious(adj.):widelybutunfavorablyknownortalkedabout声名狼藉

的，臭名昭著的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

indignation(n.):angerorscornresultingfrominjustice,ingratitude,orme

anness;righteousanger愤慨，义愤

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

exultant(v.):exulting；triumphant；jubilant狂欢的；欣喜的；兴高采烈的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

hamstring(v.):disablebycuttingahamstring；lesnordestroythepower

oreffectivenessof割断…的腿腱以使残废；削弱(或破坏)…的力量(或功能)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cretin(n.):apersonsufferingfromcretinism；astupidperson愚侏病者；白

痴，傻瓜

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

let—up(v.):aslackeningorlesning。asofeffort；astoporpau放松(努

力)；中止，休止

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

chink(n.):anarrowopening；crack；fissure；slit缝隙；裂口

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

grueling(adj.):extremelytiring；exhausting折磨人的；使人筋疲力竭的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

well—heeled(adj.):[slang]rich；prosperous[俚]有钱的，富有的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

fashion(v.):shape；mold塑造；做成

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

constellation(n.):thepartoftheheavensoccupiedbyanumberoffixeds

tars星座；星宿

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

languish(v.):lovigorandvitality；becomeweak变得萎靡不振；倦怠

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

19

hollow—eyed(adj.):havingdeep—teyesordarkareasundertheeyes，a

sfromsicknessorfatigue(由于生病或疲倦)眼窝凹陷的，有黑眼圈的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

hulk(n.):anabandonedwreckorshell废船

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

surge(v.):haveaheavy，violentswellingmotion；moveinorasinasurg

e汹涌澎湃

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

perspiration(n.):sweat汗

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

wag(v.):causomethingtomoverapidlyandrepeatedlybackandforth，

fromsidetoside，orupanddown摇摆。摇动

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

bellow(v.):cryoutloudly,asinangerorpare。(由于愤怒或疼痛)大声叫

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

reel(v.):givewayorfallback；sway，waver,orstaggerasfrombeingstr

uck倒退，退缩；站立不稳

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

infamy(n.):verybadreputation;notoriety;disgrace;dishonor臭名昭著；

丢脸，耻辱；不名誉

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

turf(n.):asurfacelayerofearthcontaininggrassplantswiththeirmatte

droots；sod草皮；草地

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

modulate(v.):varythepitch,intensity,etc.(ofthevoice),toalowerdegre

e使（声音）转调，是声音变低

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

knot-head(n.[slang]):afoolish，stupidperson笨蛋，痂汉

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

jitterbug(n.):adanceforcouples；arly1940’s，involvingfast，

acrobaticmovementstoswingmusic’[fig]anemotionallyunstableperson(尤

指20世纪40年代的)吉特巴舞；[喻]变化无常的人

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

短语(Expressions)

nothingupstairs:(Am．slang)empty-headed；anitwit没头脑的，愚笨的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

intheswinl:conformingtothecurrentfashion赶时髦

20

例：Sheisalwaysinvolvedintheswim．她总是追求时髦。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

getone’shandson:toobtainsth．得到，获得

例：Theyallwanttogettheirhandsonmymoney．他们都觊觎我的钱。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gosteady:todatesomeoneoftheoppositexregularlyandexclu-sively．be

sweethearts约会，成为关系确定的情侣

例：Whendidyougosteadywithher?你和她是什么时候确定恋爱关系的?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

outofthepicture:notconsideredasinvolvedinasituation不相干的，不合适

的

例：“IsPamstillwithEric?”“No，he’soutofthepicture.”“帕姆还在跟埃

里克在一起吗?”“没有，他们已经互不相。”

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

getat:emtobesayingsth．thatotherpeopled0notcompletelyun-derstand

暗示

例：Whatexactlyareyougettingat?你到底在暗示什么?

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

have…atone’sfingertips:tobecompletelyfamiliarwith；精通

例：Wehaveallthefactsandfiguresatourfingers．我们已经掌握了所有

的事实和数字。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gofar:toaccomplishmuch：achievemuchsuccess成功，大有前途

例：Ginny’sasmartgirl．andI’msureshe’ugofar．吉尼是个聪明的姑

娘，我相信她会成功的。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

knockout:toelicitenthusiasmoranemotionalrespon，esp．deepsympathy

orlaughter使高兴，使情绪激动

例：Themusicwasjustbrilliantitreallyknockedmeout．这音乐太美妙

了——它真让我激动。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

fireaway:begin;start;oraskquestions开始谈话或提问

例：“Ihavesomequestion.”“Fireaway.”“我有问题。”“请问。”

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

hammeraway(at):t0keepemphasizingortalkingabout一再强调

例：Hekepthammeringawayathisdemandforapublicinquiry．他一再

强调需要进行公众调查。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

monthofSundays:(colloq．)longtime很久，很长的时间

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

21

LessonNineTheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelas

URSULALEGUIN

词汇(Vocabulary)

rigging(n.):tackle，ins，ropes，etc.,udforsupportingandworking

inthemasts，sails，yards，etc．，ofavesl索具

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

decorous(adj.):characterizedbyorshowingdecorum，propriety，goodtaste，

etc．有礼貌的，正派的；有教养的，高雅的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

mauve(n.):anyofveralshadesordelicatepurple淡紫色

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

tambourine(n.):ashallow，single—headedhanddrumhavingjinglingmetal

disksintherim(鼓框周围装有金属片的)铃鼓；小手鼓

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

dodge(v.):moveortwistquicklyaside；shiftsuddenly，astoavoidablow闪开，

躲闪,躲避

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lithe(adj.):bendingeasily；flexible；supple；limber；lissome柔软的；易弯曲

的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gear(n.):aharness马具，挽具

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

halter(n.):arope，cord，strap，etc．，usuallywithaheadstall．fortyingorleading

ananimal；abitlessheadstall，withorwithoutaleadrope缰绳；(马)笼头

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

mane(n.):thelonghairgrowingfromthetoporsidesoftheneckofcertain

animals，asthehor，lion，etc．(马、狮等的)鬃毛

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

braid(v.):interweavethreeormorestrandsof(hair，straw，etc．)编织(毛发、

草等)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

nostril(n.):eitheroftheexternalopeningsoftheno鼻孔

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

prance(v.):(saidofahor)riuponthehindlegsinalivelyway,

movingalong(马)后足立地腾跃

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

archaic(adj.):antiquated；old-fashioned；ancient陈旧的，过时的，老式的；

古代的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

stallion(n.):anuncastratedmalehor，dasastud未经阉割的雄马

(尤指种马)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

22

barbarian(n.):memberofapeopleorgroupwithacivilizationregardedas

primitive，savage，etc．原始人，野蛮人，未开化的人

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

dulcet(adj.):sweet—sounding；pleasant；calming悦耳的；好看的；使人感到

舒服的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

utopian(n.):apersonwhobelievesmautopia，ialorpolitical

nature；visionary空想家；空想社会主义者

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

treason(n.):betrayaloftrustorfaith；betrayalofone’scountry背信弃义；判国

行为；通敌

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

banal(adj.):dullorstaleasbecauofoveru；trite；hackneyed；commonplace

陈腐的；平庸的；老一套的／banalityn.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

exuberance(n.):thestateorqualityofbeingexuberant；greatabundance；

luxuriance繁茂；茂盛；丰富，充裕

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

puritanical(adj.):ofthePuritans；extremelyorexcessivelystrictInmattersof

moralsandreligion清教徒的；宗教(或道德上)极端拘谨的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

languor(n.):alackofvigororvitality；weakness：indifference；lethargy倦怠；

衰弱无力；漠不关心

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

arcane(adj.):hiddenorcret深奥的；秘密的；神秘的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

magnanimous(adj.):nobleinmind；high-souled：generousinoverlookinginjury

orinsult；risingabovepettinessormeanness宽宏大量的；品德高尚的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

provisioner(n.):thepersonwhosupplieswithprovisions，tockof

food粮食供应者

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

amiable(adj.):havingapleasantandfriendlydisposition；good-natured悦人的，

友善的；温柔的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sticky(adj.[colloq.]):overlyntimental；maudlin：adhesive[口]感情脆弱的；

爱哭的；粘的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

benign(adj.):good—natured；kindly性善的；仁慈的；宽厚的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

pastry(n.):flourdoughorpastemadewithshorteningandudforthecrustof

pies，tarts，etc．：foodsmadewiththis制作糕点用的生面团；面制糕点

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

rapt(adj.):completelyabsorbedorengrosd(inmeditation，study，etc．)(思考、

23

学习等)全神贯注的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

imperious(adj.):overbearing；arrogant；urgent；imperative傲慢的；专横的；

紧急的；迫切的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

neigh(v.):uttertheloud，characteristiccryofahor：whinny(马)嘶；发马嘶

般的声音

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ep(v.):1eak，drip，orflowoutslowlythroughsmallopeningsorpores；ooze

渗出；渗漏

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cobweb(v.):coverwithoraswiththewebspunbyaspider使布满蛛网(或蛛网

状物)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

defective(adj.):havingadefectordefects；imperfect；faulty有缺陷的，有缺点

的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

imbecile(n.):showingfeebleintellect；foolishorstupid极愚蠢的；愚笨的；低

能的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

malnutrition(n.):faultyorinadequatenutrition；poornourishmentresulting

frominsufficientfood。improperdiet，etc．营养不良；营养失调

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

fumble(v.):make(one’sway)clumsilyorbygroping；handle(athing)clumsilyor

unskillfully摸索着行进；笨拙地做事

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

genitals(n.):thereproductiveorgans生殖器

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

hunch(v.):sitorstandwiththebackarched弓背弯腰地坐(或站立)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

rattle(v.):makeariesofsharp，shortsoundsmquicksuccession发出嘎嘎声

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

whine(v.):utterapeevish，high—atnasalsound，asin

complaint，distress，fear，etc．；cmplainorbeginachildishlyundignifiedway，

aswithawhine哭诉，哀诉；呜咽；发牢骚，抱怨

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

buttocks(n.):therump屁股，臀部

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

fester(v.):formpus；ulcerate；decay生疮，化脓；溃烂，腐烂

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

excrement(n.):waste，matterfromthebowels：feces排泄物；粪(便)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

impotence(n.):thequalityorconditionofbeingimpotent，weak无力，虚弱，

衰弱

24

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

paradox(n.):astatementthatislf—contradictoryinfactand，hence，fal；a

person，situation，act，etc．thatemstohavecontradictoryorinconsistent

qualities自相矛盾的话(或事)；充满矛盾的人(或事)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

uncouth(adj.):uncultured；crude；boorish；awkward不文明的；粗鲁的；笨

拙的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

vapid(adj.):tasteless；flavorless；flat；dull；boring乏味的；枯燥的；无趣味

的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

poignant(adj.):emotionallytouchingormoving深深打动人心的／poignancyn

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

snivel(v.):cryandsniffle；havemucusrunningfromtheno啜泣，抽噎；流鼻

涕

短语(Expressions)

farOff:faraway在远处

例：FarofftotheedgeofcliffstoodaIleagle．远处，在悬崖在边缘站着

一只老鹰。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ritotheoccasion:showthatoneiqualtowhatneedstobedone显出具有

应付特殊事故的能力，应付自如

例：thissystemisdesignedinsuchawaythatitcanritotheoccasion．这

个系统被设计成这个样子，就是为了使它能随机应变。

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

incommunionwith:haveaspecialrelationshipwithsth．inwhichonefeels

thatheundemtandsitverywell与……有交流，与……有联络，有共同利害关系

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

broodon／over(sth.):thinkabout(troubles，etc．)foralongtime沉思，忧思

例：Helayint王1eshadeofthetreebroodjngoverwhetherlifewaswonll

living．他躺在树荫下沉思人生是否值得活下去。

LessonTenTheSadYoungMen

s

词汇(Vocabulary)

nostalgic(adj.):lookingforsomethingfarawayorlongagoorforformerhappy

circumstance怀旧的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

25

illicit(adj.):notallowedbylaw，custom，rule，etc．：unlawful；prohibited

违法的，违禁的，非法的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

thrill(n.):tremorofexcitement(一阵)激动

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

speakeasy(n.):[slang]aplacewherealcoholicdrinksaresoldillegally，

aplaceintheU．S．duringProhibition[俚](美国禁酒期的)非法的酒店

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

denunciation(n.):theactofdenouncing控告；指责，斥责

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

amour(n.):aloveaffair，licitorcretnature恋情；(尤指)不正当

的男女关系

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

dan(n.):anenclodautomobilewithtwoorfourdoors．andtwowide

ats．frontandrear(两扇或四扇门、双排座的)轿车

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

naughty(adj.):improper，obscene不得体的；猥亵的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

jazzy(adj.):(aparty)playingjazzmusic(舞会)放爵士音乐的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

flask—toting(adj.):alwayscarryingasmallflaskfilledwithwhiskyorother

strongliquor身带烈性酒的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

sheik(n.):(Americanism)amasterfulmantowhomwomenaresuppodtobe

irresistablyattracted[美国语](能使女子倾心的)美男子

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

vagary(n.):anodd，eccentric，orunexpectedactionorbitofconduct古怪行径；

难以预测的行为

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

flapper(n.):[colloq．](inthe1920’s)ayoungwomanconsideredboldand

unconventionalinactionsanddress[口](在20世纪20年代被认为)举止与衣着不

受传统拘束的年轻女子，轻佻女郎

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

perspective(n.):aspecificpointofviewinunderstandingorjudgingthingsor

events，tshowsthemintheirtruerelationstooneanother正确理解

或判断事物相互关系的能力

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

jazzmad(adj.):blindlyandfoolishlyfondofjazzmusic爵士乐狂

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

aftermath(n.):aresultorconquence，easantone结果，后果(尤指

令人不愉快的后果)

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

provincial(adj.):narrow，limitedlikethatofruralprovinces狭窄的；偏狭的；

地方性的

26

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

gentility(n.):hequalityofbeinggenteel；now，specifically，excessiveoraffected

refinementandelegance有教养，斯文，温文尔雅；(现尤指)假装文雅，假装斯

文

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

aggressiveness(n.):boldandenergeticpursuitofone’nd，enterpri有进取

心，进取精神

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

bustle(v.):hurrybusilyorwithmuchfussandbother繁忙，奔忙

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

medium(n.):environment环境

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

catalytic(adj.):actingasthestimulusinbringingaboutorhasteningaresult起

催化作用的；起刺激作用的

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

precipitate(v.):throwheadlong；cautohappenbeforeexpected，needed；bring

on猛抛，猛投；突然发生；促使

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

obsolescent(adj.):intheprocessofbecomingobsolete即将过时的；逐渐被废弃

的

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mores(n.):customs，edortraditionalcustomsofasociety，often

acquiringtheforceoflaw习俗

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sophistication(n.):thestateofbeingartificial，worldly—wi，urbane，etc．老

于世故

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faddishness(n.):thefollowingoffads赶时髦，赶时尚

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hectic(adj.):characterizedbyexcitement，rush，confusion，etc．兴奋的；忙

乱的；混乱的

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gaiety(n.):cheerfulness；thestateofbeinggay高兴，快乐

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perversion(n.):apervertingorbeingperverted；corruption走入邪路；堕落；

败坏

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Prohibition(n.):theforbiddingbylawofthemanufacture，transportation，and

saleofalcoholicliquorsforbeveragepurpos；specificallyintheU．S．，the

period(1920—1933)ofprohibitionbyFederallaw(特指美国20~30年代的)禁酒法

令

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orgy(n.):anywildriotouslicentiousmerry—making；debauchery纵酒饮乐；

狂欢

27

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spree(n.):alively，noisyfrolic狂欢，纵乐

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reveler(n.):apersonwhomakesmerryorisnoisilyfestive狂欢者，狂宴者

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sober(v.):makeorbecomerious，solemn变清醒；变严肃

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prolong(v.):lengthenorextendintimeorspace延长；拖长；使持久

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stalemate(n.):anyunresolvedsituationinwhichfurtheractionisimpossibleor

uless；deadlock僵持；困境

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insolence(n.):beingboldlydisrespectfulinspeech—orbehavior；impudence(言

行)无礼，鲁莽；傲慢

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belligerent(adj.):atwar；ofwar处于交战状态的；战争的

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adventurousness(n.):beingfondofadventure；willingnesstotakechances喜欢

冒险；大胆

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strenuous(adj.):vigorous，arduous,zealous，etc．奋发的；使劲的

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jingoism(n.):chauvinismcharacterizedbyanaggressive。threatening，warlike

foreignpolicy侵略主义，沙文主义

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fracas(n.):anoisyfight0rloudquarrel；brawl大声吵架；打闹

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infantry(n.):footsoldierscollectively；anchofanarmyconsistingof

soldierstrainedandequippedtofightchieflyonfoot步兵；(尤指)步兵部队

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harass(v.):trouble，worry．ortorment，aswithcares,debts，repeatedquestions，

etc．使烦恼(或困忧)，折磨

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rgeant(n.):noncommissionedofficerofthefifthgrade．rankingabovea

corporalandbelowastaffrgeantintheU．S．ArmyandMarineCorps；

henoncommissionedofficersintheU．S．armedforceswith

rgeantaspartofthetitleoftheirrank中士；军士

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draft(n.):thechoosingortakingofanindividualorindividualsfromagroup

forsomespecialpurpo，pulsorymilitaryrvice征兵：挑选

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carnival(n.):arevelingortimeofrevelry；festivity；merrymaking狂欢，尽情

作乐

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contingent(n.):ashare,proportion，orquota，asoftroops．ships。laborers，

delegates，etc．小分队，分遣部队

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bombast(n.):talkorwritingthatsoundsgrandorimportantbuthaslittle

meaning；pompouslanguage词藻华丽而空洞无物的淡话(或文章)；夸大的语言

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recession(n.):atemporaryfallingoff()fbusinessactivityduringaperiodwhen

suchactivityhasbeengenerallyincreasing商业暂时衰退现象；萧条

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whipup:rou，excite激起

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outmoded(adj.):nolongerinfashionoraccepted；obsoletc旧式的；过时的；

废弃了的

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sodden(adj.):dullorstupefied，asfromoverindulgenceinliquor(因沉迷于酒而

变得)迟钝的，麻木的

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dubious(adj.):rousingsuspicion；feelingdoubt；skeptical引起怀疑的；感到怀

疑的；怀疑的

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flout(n.):bescornful；showcontempt；jeer；scoff轻蔑，藐视；嘲弄；侮辱

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conflagration(n.):abig,destructivefire(毁灭性的)大火．大火灾

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fast(adj.):livinginareckless,wild,dissipatedway放汤的，放纵的

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pulpit(n.):preacherscollectively教士们

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vulgar(adj.):commontothegreatmassofpeopleingeneral：common；popular

普通的，一般的；流行的

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avid(adj.):havinganintendesireorcraving；greedy渴望的，热望的；贪婪

的

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susceptible(adj.):easilyaffectedemotionally；havingansitivenatureof

feelings易被感动的；易受影响的；敏感的

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diatribe(n.):abitter，abusivecriticismordenunciation谩骂；讽刺；诽谤

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grandio(adj.):havinggrandeurormagnificenceimposing;impressive雄伟的;

壮观的;庄严的;给人深刻印象的

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ally(v.):comebarktonormalstrength；revive恢复；复元

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burden(n.):centralidea；theme主题；重点，要点

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adjunct(n.):athingaddedtosomethingel;apersonconnectedwithanotheras

ahelperorsubordinateassociate附属物，附加物；帮手，助手

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incompetent(n.):apersonwhoiscompletelyincapable无能力者，不能胜任者

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expatriate(v.):withdraw(onelf)fromone’snativelandorfromallegianceto

it(使自己)移居国外，放弃原国籍

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denominator(n.):asharedcharacteristic共同特性，共性

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iconoclastic(adj.):opposingtothereligiousuofimagesoradvocatingthe

destructionofsuchimages反对崇拜偶像的

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sterile(adj.):barren；unfruitful贫瘠的，不长庄稼的；无成效的

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flay(v.):criticizeorscoldmercilessly严厉斥责；怒骂

短语(Expressions)

drugstorecowboy:ayoungmanwhohangsarounddrugstoresandother

publicplacestryingtoimpresswomen在杂货店和其他公共场所徘徊试图打动女

人的年轻男人

例：Youdon’tetheolddrugstorecowboysaroundthispartoftown

anymore．在这个镇的这片地方你再也看不到以往那些杂货店牛仔了。

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pective:vieworjudgethingsinawaythatshowtheirtrue

relationstooneanother以联系的观点正确地看待或判断事物

例：Weshouldetheeventsinperspective．我们应该注意这些事件间

的本质联系以正确评价它们。

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precipitatesb.／sth:intosth．:thrustviolentlyinto(acondition)使突然陷入某

种状态

例：precipitatethecountryintowar使国家突然陷人战争

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soberup:tfreefromdrunkenness；becomenotdrunk变清醒

例：Puthimt0beduntilhesobersup．送他上床等他清醒过来。

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whipup:rou；excite煽动，激起

例：whipupthemob煽动暴民／whipupenthusiasm激起热情

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keepupwiththeJones:competewithone’sneighbors．etc．(inthepurcha

0farticles，e．g．clothes，acar，indicatingsocialstatus)和琼斯一家人比(在购

买物品如衣物、汽车等方面与邻人等相比以示社会地位)，与他人攀比

30

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commondenominator:acommonlysharedthemeortrait共同点，共同特色

例：Alltheaccidentshaveacomnlondenominatorthattheyarerelated

withdrunkdriving．所有这些事故的共同点是它们都与酒后驾车有关。

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writeoff:dropfromconsideration看不起，认为无价值

例：We’Vewrittentheprojectofrasanonstarter．我们认为这个项目毫

无成功的希望，已经对它不予以考虑了。