beginner

词性转换

训练导语

1．动词转换成名词的一些规则。

（1）动词+er:

singsingerteachteachercleancleaner

speakspeakerplayplayerwaitwaiter

workworkerthinkthinkerdrawdrawer

followfollowerperformperformerownowner

discoverdiscovererfightfighter

但须注意，有些动词转换成名词时，需要重复其词尾的辅音字母，然后再加er，如

winwinner；runrunner；beginbeginner。如以e结尾的动词变为名词时，直接加r，如

drivedriver;dancedancer;writewriter;lovelover;uur;lolor;

computercomputer;managemanager.

（2）动词+ing:

cookcookingsingsingingpaintpainting

buildbuildingreadreadingspellspelling

meanmeaningdrawdrawingunderstandunderstanding

但须注意，有些以e结尾的动词变为名词时，先去e再加ing，如writewriting；

liveliving.

（3）动词+ion：

Inventinventiondiscussdiscussion

但须注意，有些以e结尾的动词变为名词时，先去e再加ion，如operateoperation；

pollutepollution。

（4）同时的动词和名词：

water（浇水）water（水）cover（覆盖）cover（封面，盖子）

change（变成）change（变化，零线）

2．形容词转换成副词的一些规则。

（1）形容词+ly：

slowslowlyquickquickly

（2）变y为i+ly：

busybusilyhappyhappilyeasyeasily

（3）词尾ble改为bly：

terribleterriblyhorriblehorribly

（4）同形的形容词和副词：

3．英语中有些副词有两种形式，但其意义不同。

4．名词转换成形容词的一些规则。

（1）名词+ful：

uufulhelphelpfulpeacepeaceful

carecarefulsuccesssuccessfulharmharmful

cheercheerfulthankthankfulskillskillful

（2）名词+ly：

friendfriendlylovelovely（love既可以作动词又可以作名词）

（3）名词+y：

cloudcloudyrainrainyhealthhealthylucklucky

但须注意，个别名词需要重复某词末的辅音字母，再加y，如sunsunny；funfunny。

（4）以词尾ce结尾的名词变为t：

differencedifferentimportanceimportant

5．动词转换成形容词的一些规则：

（1）动词+able:

changechangeablesuitsuitableenjoyenjoyable

（2）动词+ful：

uufulhelphelpfulthankthankfulhatehateful

（3）变y为i+ed：

worryworriedmarrymarried

6．形容词转换成名词的一些规则：

（1）形容词+ness：

illillnesskindkindnessweakweakness

但须注意，有些形容词变为名词时，先把y改成i后再加ness，如happyhappiness。

（2）形容词+y：

honesthonestydifficultdifficulty

7．词性转换题需要注意的几个问题：

（1）判断所给词的词性。

（2）根据句子结构，判断句子画线部分所需要填入词的词性。

（3）掌握词性转换的一般规则和特殊情况。

（4）做完题后，应认真通读一遍。

专项训练

Ⅰ．词性转换：

1．apology(n.)(v.)2．build(v.)(m.)

3．clean(a.)(v.)4．clo(a.)(v.)

5．correct(v.)_________(a.)6．different(a.)_________(n.)

7.．real(a.)_________(ad.)8．difficult(a.)(n.)

9．certain(a.)(ad.)10．east(n.)(a.)

11．fast(a.)(ad.)12．foolish(a.)(n.)

13．friend(n.)(a.)14．hurry(n.)(v.)

15．love(v.)(a.)16．mix(v.)(n.)

17．operation(n.)(v.)18．physics(n.)(a.)

19．sun(n.)(a.)20．teacher(n.)(v.)

21．wide(a.)(ad.)22．win(v.)(n.)

23．worry(v.)(a.)24．write(v.)(n.)

25．travel(v.)(n.)26．cloud(n.)(a.)

27．color(n.)(a.)28．weigh(v.)(n.)

29．safe(a.)(n.)30．fun(n.)(a.)

31．terrible(a.)(ad.)32．liberate(v.)(n.)

33．foreign(a.)(n.)34．clear(a.)(ad.)

35．change(v.)(n.)36．angry(a.)(ad.)

Ⅱ．用所给单词的适当形式填空，使句子通顺正确：

1．help:

(1)HeoftenhisbrotherwithhisEnglish.

(2)everytous.

(3)Thanksforyourkind.

(4)Ican’tthinkingthathemaynotcome.

2．English:

(1)Theletteriswrittenin.

(2)Anindarkblueiswaitingforyou.

(3)DidyoulearntospeakEnglishwhenyouwerein

(4)Twostudentswillvisitourschooltomorrow.

3．meet:

(1)Heisalwayslatefor.

(2)Iwillyouattheairporttomorrow.

(3)Shefeltnervoustospeakatthe.

(4)Weholdasportveryspringandautumn.

4．know:

(1)Theprofessorhasawideofhistory.

(2)Iudtohimtobeanhonestman.

(3)Theyoungscientistisintheworld.

(4)Healotthoughheisonlyfive.

5．u:

(1)Youcanmypenifyoucan’tfindyours.

(2)Wetohaveawalkaftersupper.

(3)Englishisalanguage.

(4)Youshouldlearntheofthecomputerassonaspossible.

6．fish:

(1)MyfatheroftengoesonSundays.

(2)Ilikebetterthanmeat.

(3)Don’’sdangerous.

(4)Theoftencatchesmanyfishintheriver.

7．break:

(1)Athiefintothehouandtooksomemoneyawaylastnight.

(2)Doyouknowhowthewindowwas

(3)Theyoftenplaytabletennisduringthe.

(4)oneofthewindows.

8．sleep:

(1)WhenIgothome,hehadfallen.

(2)Iforsixhourslastnight.

(3)Hefounditverydifficulttogetto.

(4)Heisinbed.

9．bad:

(1)Hewaswoundedinthearm.

(2)That’’sgoswimmingnow.

(3)ThisisthefilmIhaveeveren.

(4)Isthereanythingthanwar

10．invent:

(1)Amongtho,whichdoyouthinkisthemostufulone

(2)ThomasEdisonelectriclightsandoveronethousandotheritems.

(3)BenjaminFranklinwasoneofthegreatestintheworld.

(4)Doyouknowsomethingabouttheofpaper-making

11．own:

(1)Attheageoffifteen,hebuiltalabofhis.

(2)Thoughheisyoung,yethealotofmoney.

(3)Iwon’tbelieveituntilIeitwithmyeyes.

(4)Thelostwatchhasbeenreturnedtoits.

12．speak:

(1)ThatisaprofessorfromShanghaiUniversity.

(2)MayItoyouforamoment

(3)Doyouknowwhowillmakeaatthemeeting

(4)I’msurpridthathisEnglishissogood.

13．thank::

(1)Hewrotealetteroftothehospitalforsavinghissickbaby.

(2)Iwanttoyouforyourkindnesstome.

(3)Thefarmerswereverytotheagullsbecautheyhadsavedtheircrops.

(4)foryouradvice.

14．complete::

(1)Doyouknowwhethertherailwayis

(2)Finallytheiceintheroomdisappears.

(3)Ithinkthatitisasuccess.

(4)Bothofyouarewrong.

15．usual:

(1)Shegotupearliertodaythan.

(2)ItistoesnowinAustralia.

(3)Whattimedoyougotoschool

(4)Theclassroomwasnotascleanas.

16．German:

(1)Heisascientist.

(2)Theoldscientistcomesfrom.

(3)Threewerekilledinthefight.

(4)istaughtintheschool.

17．rain:

(1)Doyouhaveplentyofinyourhometown

(2)Heplaysinsideondays.

(3)Itofteninsummerinthesouth.

(4)Itlookslike.

18．sing:

(1)Thebirdsareinthetree.

(2)Ilikeboththewordsandthemusicofthe.

(3)Thefamouswillcometoourschooltomorrow.

(4)CanyouthesonginEnglish

19．wonderful:

(1)“We’vewonthegameatlast.”“!”

(2)IwhetherheisfromEnglandornot.

(3)Theyoungmanplayedthepiano.

(4)DidyouhaveatimeatMary’sbirthdaypartylastnight

20．Cross:

(1)Pleaturnleftatthecondandyoucan’tmissit.

(2)Canyouswimtheriver

(3)Don’ttheroadwhenacariscoming.

(4)Ifyoudon’twanttowriteyourname,makeainstead.

21．Chemistry:

(1)Theteachertolduswhatthechangewas.

(2)Thefilledthebottlewithsomemedicine.

(3)WhereisTomHemaybeinthelab.

(4)Attheendoftheroad,youwillfindashop.

22．Care:

(1)Youmustbemorenexttime.

(2)Hetakesgoodofeverybody.

(3)LookatthepictureandyouwillunderstandwhatImean.

(4)Adriverisadangertousall.

23．Loud:

(1)Plearead.

(2)Henevertalksorlaughsinpublic.

(3)Don’tyouthinkherradioistoo

(4)Someoneknockedatthedoor.

24．Live:

(1)Wasthesnakeordead

(2)Areyouinterestedinthings

(3)Millionsofsoldierslosttheirinthewar.

(4)Everyonewantstoahappylife.

25．Interest:

(1)Iborrowedthisbookfrommyteacher.

(2)Heshowedagreatinsciencewhenhewasaboy.

(3)Iamgreatlyinthebook.

(4)Ifindthestoryvery.

26．Surpri:

(1)Tomy,thatlittlegirlcantalktotheforeignersinEnglish.

(2)Iamtohearthenews.

(3)Thebadnewsthemgreatly.

(4)Johnturnedroundandlookedathimin.

27．True:

(1)Iamthankfulforallyourhelp.

(2)IsitthatyouaregoingtoAmerica

(3)That’sastory.

(4)Totellyouthe,themanhasjustcomeoutofprison.

28．Die:

(1)Hermotherhasbeenfortwoyears.

(2)Afterhisfather’s,theyoungmanchangedalot.

(3)Ifyoutakeafishoutofwater,itwill.

(4)Theythoughtthesickoldmanwas,butlaterhecametolife.

29．Science:

(1)IwanttobeawhenIgrowup.

(2)Mydaughterpreferstolanguages.

(3)Thisisoneofthemostimportantdiscoveries.

(4)Chemistryandphysicsarebothnatural.

30．Australia:

(1)Alotofaregoingtostudyinourschoolsoon.

(2)sanscientist.

(3)DopeopleinspeakEnglish,too

(4)Howmanydidyoumeetattherailwaystationyesterday

31．sit：

(1)letoupinbed.

(2)Pleagobacktoyourwhenyouhavefinished.

(3)WhenIenteredtheroom,alltheguestswerealready.

(4)Isyourroombigorsmall

32．Happy:

(1)Theoldmanismuchthanbefore.

(2)Helookedatthestampshisfathergavehim.

(3)ed.

(4)Helookedverywhenhereceivedaletterfromhismother.

33．ill(sick):

(1)Iamsorrytohearthatyouare.

(2)Hismadehisclassmatesworried.

(3)Theboyhasbeeninhospitalforoveramonth.

(4)Afewdayslaterhefelteventhanbefore.

34．plea:

(1)Onecant’everybody.

(2)Iwastolearnthathehadenteredthecollege.

(3)Whatweatheritistoday!

(4)Ididtheworkwith.

35．ll:

(1)Theyallkindsofbooksatthestore.

(2)Theofhisoldhoumadehimverysad.

(3)Sorry,theticketsareout.

(4)ThehounextdoortotheTurnersison.

解答思路

I

ize道歉；认错ng建筑物使清洁

关闭，结束er计算机t正确的

ence不同g绘画，图画ulty困难

早；在初期快；迅速地hness愚蠢，不明

智

ly友好的赶紧；急忙可爱的

e混合；混合剂e动手术；操作al物理的；身体的

晴朗的教广泛的地

获胜者d担心的；烦恼的作家；撰稿者

旅行/traveler旅行者；旅客多云的

ed有颜色的/colourful多彩的；生动的体重；重量

安全滑稽的ly很坏地；非常地

tion变化；零钱ner外国人y清楚地；明白地

变化；零钱y生气地nly的确；一定；当然

东部的；东边来的确实；真正地re高兴；乐趣

II

1.(1)helps(2)helpful(3)help(4)help(can’thelp+动词-ing，意为“忍不住，情不自禁”)

2.(1)English(2)Englishman(3)England(4)English

3.(1)meetings(2)meet(3)meeting(4)meet[sportsmeet(meeting)意为“运动会”]

4.(1)knowledge(2)know(3)known（出名）(4)knows

5.(1)u(2)ud(3)uful(4)u

6.(1)fishing(2)fish(这儿指“鱼肉”，为不可数名词)(3)fish（用作动词意为“钓鱼”）

(4)fisherman.

7.(1)broke(2)broken(3)break(用作名词，意为“休息”)(4)broken（用作宾语补足

语）

8.(1)asleep（fallasleep意为“入睡”）(2)slept（过去式）(3)sleep（gettosleep意为“入

睡”，常用于否定句）(4)sleeping

9.(1)badly（作“严重地解”）(2)bad(3)worst（形容词最高级）(4)wor（比较级）

10.(1)inventions（指“发明物”是可数名词）(2)invented（表示已去世的人所做过的动

作，要用一般过去时）(3)inventors(4)invention

11.(1)own（ofone’sown意为“属于自己的”）(2)owns(3)own(4)owner

12.(1)speaker(2)speak(3)speech(4)spoken(spokenEnglish意为“英语口语”)

13.(1)thanks(aletterofthanks意为“感谢信”)(2)thank(3)thankful(4)Thanks(Thanks

for…只用复数形式)

14.(1)completed（过去分词）(2)completely（完全地）(3)complete(4)completely

（thanusual意为“比平时”）(2)unusual（罕见的，不平常的）(3)usually

(4)usual（asusual意为“和往常一样，照例”）

16.(1)German(2)Germany（德国）(3)Germans（注意其复数形式）(4)German（德

语）

17.(1)rain(2)rainy(3)rains(4)rain(句意为：天像是要下雨了。)

18.(1)singing(2)song(3)singer(4)sing

19.(1)Wonderful(2)wonder（用作动词，意为“不知道”）(3)wonderfully（精彩地，

极好地）(4)wonderful

20.(1)crossing(atthecondcrossing意为“在第二个十字路口”)(2)across(3)cross

(4)cross（用作名词，意为“打叉”，“画押”）

21.(1)chemical(2)chemist(3)chemistry(4)chemist’s(chemis’tshop意为“药店”，药

房)

22.(1)careful(2)care(3)carefully（注意句中look用作行为动词）(4)careless

23.(1)aloud（多指声音能让人听见，但不一定大）(2)loud;loud（大声地，常和laugh,

read,speak,talk等词连用）(3)loud（用作形容词）(4)loudly（常带有喧闹和嘈杂的含义）

24.(1)alive（常用表语，意为“活的，活着的”。）如用作定语，要放在被修饰词后

(2)living(3)lives(4)live

25.(1)interesting(2)interest（用作名词）(3)interested(4)interesting（作宾语补足语）

26.(1)surpri(2)surprid(3)surprid(4)surpri(insurpri意为“吃惊地”)

27.(1)truly（作“真诚地”解）(2)true(3)true(4)truth

28.(1)dead(2)death(3)die(4)dead/dying

29.(1)scientist(2)science(3)scientific(4)sciences（作“某门科学”解，ience是一个可

数名词）

30.(1)Australians(2)Australian(3)Australia(4)Australians

31.(1)sit(situpinbed意为“在床上坐起来”)(2)at(3)ated(beated意为“坐着，

坐下”)(4)sitting

32.(1)happier(2)happily(3)unhappy(4)happy(句中look用作系动词)

33.(1)ill/sick(2)illness(3)sick（表示“生病的……”不用ill作修饰语）(4)wor（ill

的比较级，意为“更严重，恶化”）

34.(1)plea（用作动词，意为“使喜欢，使高兴”）(2)plead(3)pleasant（令人愉

快的，舒适的）(4)pleasure（withpleasure意为“愉快地，乐意地”）

35.(1)ll(2)sale(3)sold（llout意为“售完”）(4)sale（onsale意为“廉价出售，

减价销售”）