romanticism

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浪漫主义文学Romanticism

历史背景Historicalbackground

Romanticism(ortheRomanticera/Period)wasanartistic,literary,andintellectualmovement

thatoriginatedinthecondhalfofthe18thcenturyinEuropeandstrengthenedinreactiontothe

IndustrialRevolution.浪漫主义是开始于18世纪西欧的艺术、文学、和文化运动，大约就发

生在1790年工业革命开始的前后。

TheRomanticperiod,beganin1798,theyearofthefirsteditionof

LyricalBalladsbyWordsworthandColeridgeandofthecompositionofHymns

totheNightbyNovalis,andendedin1832,theyearwhichmarkedthedeaths

ofbothSirWalterScottandGoethe.

Historicalbackground

TheearlyRomanticperiodcoincideswithwhatisoftencalledthe“age

ofrevolutions”--including,ofcour,theAmerican(1776)andthe

French(1789)revolutions--anageofupheavals(动荡)inpolitical,

economic,andsocialtraditions,theagewhichwitnesdtheinitial

transformationsoftheIndustrialRevolution.

ArevolutionaryenergywasatthecoreofRomanticism,whichquite

consciouslytouttotransformnotonlythetheoryandpracticeof

poetry(andallart),buttheverywayweperceivetheworld.

Attentiontotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationisalteredtotheinner

placestheindividualatthecenterofart,

makingliteraturemostvaluableasanexpressionofthisorherunique

feelings&particularattitudes.

TheRomanticsfeltthattheexistingsocietydeniedpeopletheir

esntialhumanneeds,sotheydemonstratedastrongreactionagainst

thedominantmodesofthinkingofthe18th-centurywriters&

heirpredecessorssawmanasasocialanimal,

theRomanticssawhimesntiallyasanindividualinthesolitarystate

&emphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual'smind.

CharacteristicsofRomanticism

Imagination

Worshipofnature

Symbolismandmyth

Simplicityandhumanity

Spontaneity

Intensity

OverviewofRomanticliterature

orthandColeridgearethemost

plorenewtheoriesandinnovatenewtechniquesin

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lievethatpoetrycouldpurifyindividualsoulsandsociety.

Forfurtherstudyoftheirliterarytheory,plearefertoWordsworth’sPrefacetoThe

LyricalBallads&Coleridge’sBiographiaLiteraria.

流派

Pre-romanticpoets

WilliamBlake:mysterious,philosophical,visionary

SongsofInnocence

SongsofExperience

MarriageofHeavenandHell

RobertBurns:Scottishdialect,ballads

Lakepoets湖畔派--Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey,2

PoetLaureate:radicalyouth;conrvativeoldage;long

life

定义：TheLakePoetsareagroupofEnglishpoetswhoalllivedintheLakeDistrict

ofEnglandattheturnofthenineteenthcentury.

Wordsworth,ColeridgeandSoutheywereknownasLakePoetsbecautheylived

andknewoneanotherinthelastfewyearsofthe18thcenturyinthedistrictofthe

mertwopublishedTheLyricalBallads

togetherin1798,whileallthreeofthemhadradicalinclinationsintheiryouthbut

laterturnedconrvativeandreceivedpensionsandpoetlaureateshipsfromthe

aristocracy.

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SatanicPoets英国浪漫主义批评的术语--恶魔诗人--rebellious,revolutionary,

romantic,shortlife

OthergreatestRomanticpoetsare:JohnKeats,

arereferredtoasSatanicPoetsbyRobertSoutheyfortheirviolentimagination

andrebelliousspirit.

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Newpoeticfeatures

language:simple,everydaylifespeech,commonvocabularyandaccent

dialect

,Wordsworth

form:lyrics(sonnet,ode),narrative(ballad)

purpo:emotional,confessionalandvisionary/prophetic

principles:imagination