a reason

定语和定语从句？

定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“„„的”表示。

单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.

ablueaahandsomeboy

定语从句的位置:

1.紧跟在先行词的后面:

YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

IhavefoundthebookwhichIlost.

IvisitedtheschoolwhereIstudied.

2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句

Helaughsbestwholaughslast.

Heistheonlyoneoftheteacherswho

comesfromQingdao.

引导的定语从句可前移

Asyouallknow,theearthisround.

Jointhefollowingntences:

hinecanfly.

Aplaneisamachinethemachinecanfly.

Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.

关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。

eryesterday.

ThegirlwesawheryesterdayisMary.

Thegirlwho/thatwesawyesterdayisMary.

关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词thegirl。

whichmyunclehadjustboughtwasdestroyedintheearthquake.

thecitywhereIwasborn.

定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。

关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充

当成分。

关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):

/whom(that)(that)3..that不能放在介词的后面

=ofwhich或

关系副词(作状语):

=介词+=介词+=for+which

关系词的作用:

1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分

的特殊用法thewayhelives.

thathelives.

inwhichhelives.

关系代词和定语从句

berofpeople____losthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.

_____wesawyesterdaywasJohn'sbrother.

./

ergwonaprizeforashortfilm_____hemade.

./

'saboutabigshark____attacksswimmers___arespendingtheirholidaysin

asmallvillage.

./

Ioncelivedinahou____wasbroken.

fofwhich

＋n＝ofwhich/whomthe+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom

她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。

Herparentsdon'twanttomarrytheirdaughtertoaman___whofamily=thefamily

ofwhom

=ofwhomthefamily______ispoor.

关系副词和定语从句

(1)我仍然记得这天。(2)在这天我来到这里。

ereontheday.

=onwhich

=when

我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。

nowthedate___Lincolnwasborn?

(1)就是这所房子。(2)我去年在这所房子住过。

inthehoulastyear.

=inwhich

=where

就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。

m_____wepickedcottonwas90kilometersaway.

h

(1)他给了一个原因(2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。

likemusicforthereason.

=forwhich

=why

他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。

'tknowthereason____helooksunhappy.

chD./

Idisapprovethereasons____hecameupwith.

chD./

因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用that/which

4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。

Idon'tliketheway____hetalkedtohismother.

Idon'tliketheway____hechotodoit.

hC./

何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略

解题方法和技巧

1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系

代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。

2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason,way。

kedatJeff_AB__waswavinghisarms.

l__C__legwasbrokenintheearthquakewastakentohospital.

reshesawawallofwater_BD__wasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.

1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；

2、再看先行词。

定语从句使用中的特殊情况

一、只能用that的情况：

1.先行词既有物又有人时。

Hespokeofthepersonsandthingsthathehadenabroad.

2.先行词是something,anything,all,nothing等不定代词时。

IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?

3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被,all,thevery,theonly,thejust修饰

时。

ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeveren.

二、不用that的情况：

1.介词后禁用关系词that。

Iheardoftheman,aboutwhomhetalked.

2.非限制性定语从句。

Shewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy.

三,介词＋关系代词的问题。

介词+关系代词的情况1

Themantowhomyouspokewasascientist.

Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.

可见,who、that不能用与介词之后

介词+关系代词的情况2

Themanwhomyouspoketowasascientist.

Thecitywhichshelivesinisfaraway.

介词+关系代词的情况3

ackofitisahill.

Helivesinalovelyvillage,atthebackof___which___isahill.

hemareabroad.

Hehasthreesisters,allof___whom_____areabroad.

3.固定动词或介词短语搭配

介词+关系代词的情况

下面两句中的介词能提前吗?

Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?

TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.

在固定短语中介词不能提前

介词+关系代词的情况练习

ikethebookonwhichshespent$10?

ikethebookforwhichshepaid$10?

ikethebookfromwhichshelearnedalot?

ikethebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks?

tatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.

satalltreeoutside,underwhichstandsourteacher.

asalotofrivers,thecondlongestofwhich__istheYellowRiver.

er__fromwhich____peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.

__towhom_____Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.

theboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_ofwhichhadn’tbeen

cleanedforatleastayear.

关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词

IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.

ontheday=

onwhich=

when

ThisisthehouwhereIlivedlastyear.

inthehou=

inwhich=

where

Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.

forthereasons=

forwhich=

why

Idon’tlikethewaythatyouspeak.

intheway=

that=

inwhich

介词＋关系代词的问题。

h/whom结构很多时候表示“其中

Class14has75students,ofwhom35studentsaregirls.=

35studentsofwhomaregirls.

/why/where很多时候可转换为介词+关系代词。

ThisisthehouwhereIlive.

Everyoneknowsthereasonwhyhesucceeded.

IrememberthedaywhenIvisitedthetemple.

Onherbirthday,shereceivedfromherparentsaniceprent__B___anotewas

attached,_____“Weloveyousomuch”.

,h,saying

h,h,said

Alecaskedthepoliceman___C____heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasan

accident.

A:

几种易混的情况

1.I’llneverforgetthedays___when/inwhich______weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays_(which/that)___wespenttog

otheplacewhere/inwhichIworkedtenyearsago

otheplace___(which/that)_________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

thereason__why/forwhich___________________hewaslate.

thereason____(that/which)_______________hegave.

非限制性定语从句

一.引导非限制性定语从句的连接词who/whom/who/which/where/when/why/as引导,

不能用that

1。which引导的非限制性定语从句：

此时无论它在从句中充当什么成分它都不能省约，也不能换为that

1)和主句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用：

Wealllikethebook,whichwaswrittenbyLuXun.

2)用来代替整个先行分句的内容。这时它所引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后：

Bushwalectedpresidentagain,whichmadeJimverysad.

二.as引导的非限制性定语从句

具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词是固定的,如：

asyouknow/e/planned/

asweexpected/understand/think/believe

也可以将它们用于被动结构中:

asisknown/en/planned/expected

Theearthisround.__It___isknowntoall.

Theearthisround,__which/as_______isknowntoall.

_As____isknowntoall,theearthisround.

定语从句在句首时只能用as,

_It_____isknowntoall__that_______theearthisround.

it为形式主语,that引导主语从句

___What___isknowntoallis__that_____theearthisround.

what引导主语从句,that引导表语从句

引导的非限制性定语从句,用于下列固定句型中

1).Thisissuchaninterestingbook___as_wealllike.

2).Thisissointerestingabook_as____wealllike.

这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)

Thisissuchaninterestingbook__that__wealllikeit.

Thisissointerestingabook_that___wealllikeit.

这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)

3)Thisisthesamebook_as___Ihave.

和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：

引导的从句只能放于逗号后面。

引导的从句可前可后，常用于asissaidabove（如上所述),asweknow（我们都

知道),asiswellknown,asisoftentheca（正如往常一样），asisreported,as

weexpect等结构中，as含有“正如，正像”之意。

四.限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:

①限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰的词

代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊不清。如：

Thisisthemanwhogavemethemoney．这就是给我钱的那个人。

上句如删去从句whogavemethemoney，则成了Thisistheman．（这是那个人。）完全

失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能删掉

②非限定性定语从句，在意义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一步说

明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。如：WangDong，whoisintheroom，wants

toaskyousomequestions．

王东，他在房间里，想问你几个问题。

上述主句是WangDongwantstoaskyousomequestions，如果删去从句（whoisinthe

room），并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。

③另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。如：Intheirclass，

therearefifteenstudentswhocanspeakEnglishwell．

在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。

（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）

Intheirclass，therearefifteenstudents，whocanspeakEnglishwell他们班上

有十五位学生,他们英语说得很好。（可以看出他们班上共有十五名学生，他们英语口语都

好。）

引导非限制性定语从句的连接词，一律不能省略

三.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较

dingHarryPorter,___which__isaninterestingbook.

edintheexam.__This/It_____madehisparentsangry.

edintheexam,__which_____madehisparentsangry.

edintheexam;___this/it____madehisparentsangry.

__them_________areteachers.

wosons,bothof___whom_____areteachers.

对比训练

thefactory_ABC___hisfathervisitedlastyear?

thefactory__DE__hisfatherworkedlastyear?

./h

everforgetthetime__ABC__Ispentwiththevillagers.

everforgetthetime__D__Istayedwiththevillagers.

./

'tbelievethereason_ABC__hegaveforhisabnce.

'tbelievethereason_DE__hewasabnt.

./ch

isshop__BC__Iboughtallthethings.

thisshop__A__Iboughtallthethings.

hD./

1949_A__PRCwasfounded.

n1949__C_PRCwasfounded.

_AC___Idoisforyou.

2.__B___Idoisforyou.

./

what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语.what不能引导定语从句.

difficultaquestion__A__noonecansolveit.

difficultaquestion_B___noonecansolve.

1.___B_isannounced,themeetingwasputoff.

2.__A__isannouncedthatthemeetingwasputoff.

terhasbecomealawyer,__D__shewantedtobe.

本句中which指代先行词alawyer（律师身份).有逗号，不用that。

Thefamousfootballstar,_D__triedtomakeagoal,succeeded.

ultofthegamewasgood,_C___wehadn'texpected.

本句中which指代前面整句话的内容，译为“这”。有逗号，不用that。

3.__C_Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.

本句中as指代后面整句话的内容，译为“正如...一样”。位于句首，不用which。

hesameprogramme__B__youlike.

本句中as指代先行词programme，因为先行词被thesame修饰，故选as。

as引导定语从句常与主句构成的thesame...as;as....as;such/so....as结构。

5._B___isreported,Tomwonthefirstprize.

本句中as指代后面Tomwonthefirstprize的事实。译为“正如所报道的那样”。位于

居首，不用which。

as引导非限制性定语可位于居首。

五.定语从句的主谓一致：试对比：

Iboughtabookyesterday．Itwasveryinteresting．

＝ThebookwhichIboughtyesterday_was_____veryinteresting．

Iboughtsomebooksyesterday．Theywereveryinteresting．

＝ThebookswhichIboughtyesterdaywereveryinteresting．

定语从句中如果连接词作主语谓语动词的数应与连接词的数即先行词的数保持一致。

Heisoneofthestudentswho_were_____praidbytheteacher.

Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswho_was___praidbytheteacher.

定语从句中如果连接词作主语谓语动词的数应与连接词的数即先行词的数保持一致。

edhappilyaboutthemenandbook_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.

lendmethebook____theotherday?

utalked

kedabout

___someAmericanfriendsvisitedlastweek?

hoolone

hool

4.I’llshowyouastore___youmaybuyall___youneed.

,,,h,/

edthepolice____heworkedtocontact(联系)himwhenevertherewasan

accident.

beshownaroundthecity:schools,muums,andsomeotherplaces,___other

er____bambooismadeispeciallyfine.

ich

’simpossibleforustoheareverything___isgoingonintheworld.

thereason___atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

xplained

(explainsthtosb=)

ousbasketballstar,____triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotof

attention.

ggovernmentputsover700millonyuantoincreaitsgreenspace,_____

doubles(双倍)themoneyprovidedlastyear.

smuchmorekindtoheryoungestchildthantotheothers,_____of

cour,makestheothersunhappy.

ngyou’vedonehimisterrible,for___youshouldmakeanapologyt0him,

lady,____hadbeenkilledinthewar,wasgivenhelpbythelocalgovernment.

erchildren

llchildren

ouriteroomisthetidystudywithafireplace,_____wecanwatchTVand

enjoythenicesceneryoutside.

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