abnce

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[高级表达方式——抽象名词的使用]

E:theabnceofattempt/work

A．Manymedicalexpertsarenowagreedthatwiththegeneralabnce

ofroughage,modemcitizensareliterally---viaheartattacksandcancer--eatinganddrinking

themlvesintothegrave．

许多医学专家现在一致认为,由于食物中总体缺少粗粮,现代公民们就是这样一日三餐,不知

不觉地患上了心脏病和癌症.最终送命,这样说并非言过其实.

B．Thereemstohavebeenanabnceofattemptatconciliationbetweenrivalcts．

似乎没有进行任何尝试去调解对立派之间的矛盾.

C．Forlargenumbersofpeople,theabnceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth．

对大多数人来说,没有工作对他们的身体反而有害.

ANCE:have/find/obtain/gain/winacceptance

for/among/of

A．Academicdishonestyhashadrelativelystrongpeersupportandacceptanceamongsome

students,partlybecauwedidnotmakearious

efforttoexplainwhysuchbehavioriscontemptible．

学习上的作弊得到同伴相对有力的支持,也被一些学生所接受.部分原因是我们没有真正努力

去解释为什么这种行为是可耻的.

B．Ifthatcanbedone,thehighwaywillrvethepurposurswant．

Thenitwillgainbroadacceptanceandbecomeareality．

如果做到这一点的话,高架就会达到使用者所希望的目的.这样就会得到广泛的支持而成为现

实.

:gain/get/have/attain/giveaccessto

A．Advancesintechnologyhavesmoothedaccesstoinformation,renderingsuperfluouswhole

layersofmanagement.

技术的发展使我们能较容易获取信息,也使整个管理层变得有些多余.

B．WhileitistruethatU．S．sourcesmayhavebetteraccesstotheinformation,theymightalso

havemorereasontoconcealoralterthatinformation．

美国新闻机构获取情报或许较为方便,但它们也可能有较多的理由去隐瞒或篡改情报.

ITION:acquisitionofknowledge/alanguage/information

perreading,ratherthanbeingsimplytheacquisitionofnew

information,isakindofpassiveparticipationinthelifeofthe

nationalcommunity.

读报不仅仅是获得新的信息,而是一种被动地参与国家生活的活动.

B．Butinthepasttryingtoacceleratechildren'sacquisitionofacademicskillsintheirearlyage

wasenavidenceofbadparenting．

但在过去,若家长们在孩子还很小时就加快对他们的文化知识的学习,这种做法被认为是不好

的教育法.

ENT:thereisgeneralagreementthat

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stotalagreementthattheactivityofhumansisatleastpartlyresponsibleforthe

problem.

有一点大家的意见是一致的：人类的活动对这个问题至少应当负部分责任.

B．Tocometoagreementoncontrolandreductionofweaponsbetweenthesuperpowersis

difficult.

超级大国之间要在控制和削减武器方面达成一致意见是很困难的.

IS:makeacareful/cloanalysisof;attempt/defy/resistanalysis

A．Yetcloanalysisofsuchpeopleoftenrevealstheexistenceofwhat

mightbecalled"stabilityzones〞intheirlives．

仔细分析这些人,往往会发现,在他们生活中也存在可能称为的"稳定区域〞.

B．Itrequiresaveryunusualmind,Whiteheadsaid,toundertaketheanalysisofafact．

怀特黑德说过,需要一种极不寻常的头脑去分析一个事件.

7．ANTICIPATION：inanticipationofari／fall／success

A．Allexperienceagooddealofanticipation,buttheanticipationpales

nexttotheexcitementoffirstcommunicatingverbally．

所有这一切都经历了许多的盼望,但这种盼望比起第一次语言交流的兴奋要逊色多了.

B．Thefinancialmarketshadraidinterestratesinanticipationofasqueeze.

金融市场因预计到银根紧缩而提高了利率.

C．inanticipationofanearlyreply期待早复

TE:asanantidotetoboredom

A．Hesupported,forexample,universaleducationasanantidotetothenumbingeffectsof

economicspecialization.

例如他支持全民教育可以克服经济专业化带来的麻木的影响.

THY:have/arou/provoke/naturalantipathyto/towards

A．Withoutquestion,however,thefirstmajorthinkertoexpressaclearantipathytotheurbanway

oflifewasThomasJefferson．

毫无问题,第一个表示出对城市生活反感的大思想家是托马斯•杰佛逊.

:show/have/withanapathytowardsth.

A．Howcanwecurbthisgrowingstudentapathyandassureourlvesofcapable,responsible

leadershipforthefuture?

如何才能制止学生中日益发展的冷漠态度,以确保我们在将来成为有能力、有责任的领导人?

:makeadirect/strongappealto

A．TheappealtoventurecapitalistsofinvestinginUnitedStateshightechnologycompaniesis

quiteobvious．

对风险资本家来说,投资于美国高技术公司的吸引力是显而易见的.

B．Heholdsaspecialappealtolittlechildren.

他对小孩有种特殊的吸引力.

TEhave/stimulateastrong/keenappetitefor〔爱好,追求〕

greatappetiteforknowledge.他强烈的求知欲.

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2．Thelonghoursintheofficeorthefactorybringwiththemastheirreward,notonlythemeansof

sustenance,butakeenappetitefor

pleasureeveninitssimplestandmostmodestforms．

在办公室或工厂里长时间的工作,给他们带来的报酬不仅仅是生活给养,而且是对乐趣的强烈

追求,即使是最简单、最朴实的乐趣.

ATION:theapplicationofknowledge/theory

ealingwiththeapplicationofpsychologytoadvertisingandpoliticalpropaganda．

我们说的是把心理学应用于广告和政治宣传.

B．Ingeneral,theapplication---ormisapplication---ofscienceandtechnologyinallfieldsiscertain

toaffectthestructureofsocietyasawhole．

总的说来,科学技术在各个领域中的应用或误用,必然会影响整个社会的

结构.

IATION:cultivate/deepen/express/showan

appreciationof

A．cultivatetheappreciationofgoodmusic培养对音乐的欣赏能力

B．Wetakethisopportunityofexpressing/toexpressoursincereappreciationofyourhelp.

对于你们的帮助,我们趁这个机会向你们表示衷心的感谢.

C．promote/deepentheappreciationofChineartsandlettersintheUnitedStatesofAmerica促

进/加深美国对中国文学艺术的理解.

D．Hehasakeenappreciationofthestudents’needs.

他深刻了解学生们的需要.

MENT:makeanasssmentof

A．Althoughitis,ofcour,muchmoredifficult,hecanalsomakeasubjectiveasssmentofthe

percentageofhimotionalenergyinvestedinthejob．

虽然这很困难,但是他还能对在这份工作中投入多少精力作一个主观的评价.

B．Theotherthingwehavetonoticeisthattheasssmentoftheintelligenceofanysubjectis

esntiallyacomparativeaffair．

我们必须注意的另一件事是,对智力评估实质上是相对的.

ATION:be/haveanassociationwith；inassociationwith

A．dosthinassociationwithsb和某人一起做某事

B．Theysuggesttheanswermaybethelackofassociationwithotherhumansduringtheperiodof

sleep．

他们暗示这个回答或许和睡眠中缺少与其他人的联系有关.

17．ATTACK:comeunderattack

A．Today,AmericancollegesanduniversitiesoriginallymodeledonGermanonesareunderstrong

attack.

今天美国大学<最初是按照德国大学模式>正受到社会的激烈批评.

MENT:theattainmentofgoals/aim/objective

A．Thiswilldeeplyimpressthemonyourmemory,andthememorytraceswillsoonstart

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influencingyoureverydaybehaviortowardtheattainmentofthegoal．

这将会把它们深深地铭记在你的脑海里.而这些记忆痕将很快开始影响你的日常行为,促使你

朝着实现目标而努力.

B．Schoolsusuallytastheireducationalobjectivetheattainmentofabalanceddevelopmentofa

person．

学校通常把一个人获得平衡发展作为教育的目标.

ION:bring...topublicattention/claim/draw/cometotheattentionof

A．Manyoftheworkersarepoorlyeducatedandunskilled,andtheyoftenlacktheunion

reprentationthathashelpedbringotherindustrialdiatopublicattention．

这些工人中许多没受过什么教育,又缺乏技术,他们往往没有自己的工会代表可以帮助他们让

公众知道其他的职业病.

B．Asforsowingmethods-probablyoverhalfofEurope'sedwaswastedeveryyearbeforethe

ChineideaoftheeddrillcametotheattentionofEuropeans．

至于播种方法,在中国人关于种子条播机的想法引起欧洲人的注意之前,也许欧洲每年要浪费

一半以上的种子.

conditionofwomenworkingasdomesticsaroundtheworldreceivedmuchmedia

attentionearlierthisyearinveralhighlypublicizedcas.

今年初几个透明度颇高的案例中,有关世界各地女佣的悲惨状况引起了新闻媒体的关注.

T:makeanattempt/inanattemptto

A．Attemptstobreakupthisoldsystemhavebeenmadeineverypresidentialelectioninthepast

onehundredyears．

在过去的100年中,人们极力想打破这个在历届总统大选中都实行的旧体制.

B．Inanattempttodosth,...为了...

dosthinanattempttodo做某事是为了

BILITY:theavailabilityofinformation/money

A．Theydothisinorderthatbirthsoccurwiththearrivaloftherains,theavailabilityofgrazing,

andthemother'sadequatesupplyofmilkfortheyoung.

它们这样做,是为了使生育正好与雨季相遇,并有大量的青草生长,这样母畜就有足够的奶水

喂养幼仔.

ESS:heighten/reduce/increa/sharpen/spark/obscureone'sawarenessof

A．TheBhopaltragedyfiveyearsago,whenthousandsofIndiansdiedafteranescapeof

chemicals,sparkedabelatedenvironmentalawarenessamongIndia'smiddleclass.

5年前,因化学气体的泄漏而发生的伯帕尔惨剧使成千上万的印度人丧生.这个惨剧在印度的

中产阶级中唤起了一种姗姗来迟的环保意识.

B．Thecomputercouldobscureman'sawarenessoftheneedtocometotermswithhimlf．

电脑可能模糊了人需要对自身有限能力妥协的认识.

C．Theintelligentlistenermustbepreparedtoincreahisawarenessofthemusicalmaterialand

whathappenstoit．

聪明的听众必须随时提高自己对音乐素材的认识以与有关这方面的意识.

R:abarriertothedevelopment/progress

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A．Butitisthelackofpoliticalwillandtheineptnessofestablishedsociopoliticalstructuresthat

aremajorbarrierstotheprogressinthisfield．

但是,由于缺少政治意志加上现有的社会政治结构的不完善,这就极大地阻碍了这个领域的发

展.

B．Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown；and

anyway,languageisalwaysabarriertothecontactwiththelocalpopulation．

紧凑的日程安排使得旅游者不可能自己随便闲逛.不管怎样,语言总会阻碍他们同当地人的接

触.

:express/foster/holdabeliefin;thereisawidelyaccepted/heldbeliefthat;contraryto

popular/general/growingbelief

A．Theenormoussuccessofsciencehasledtothegeneralbeliefthatscientistshavedeveloped

andareemployingeffectivemethodsingainingnewknowledge．

科学的巨大成功,使一般人认为,科学家人数在发展,他们在利用有效的方法获得新的知识.

M:toescape/interrupt/relieveboredom

A．Onlyanoccasionalstopatagasolinestationoratadrugstoretoreadmoviemagazines

interruptstheirboredom．

去加油站溜溜歇歇脚或到药店走走,读读电影画报这样可以解解闷气.

B．Thisincludeskeepingtheminmoresuitablecages,allowingsocialanimalslikedogstolive

togetherandtryingtoreducetheboredomthattheanimalscanexperience.

其中包括把它们饲养在较合适的笼子里,让狗这一类爱结交的动物生活在一起,尽量减少它们

的寂寞.

TY:capacityfordevelopment/organization

A．Hitler,aidedbyaphenomenalcapacityfororganizationandbythereadinessofGermany'sgreat

industrialiststofinancehiscampaign,shrewdlyutilizedtheprevailingattitudetoestablishhis

power．

由于他非凡的组织能力以与德国大企业家们愿意资助他的竞选,希特勒精明地利用了社会上

的这种态度,建立了他的政权.

B．Butofallourproblems,themostimmediateandpressing,theonewhichthreatenstoparalyze

ourverycapacitytoact,toobliterateourvisionofthefuture,istheplightoftheNegroofthecenter

city．

但是,在所有我们最直接和紧迫的问题中,威胁到损伤我们的行动能力,威胁到遮住我们对未

来的展望的就是市中心黑人的困境.

ATION:acelebrationoffreedom/achievement/success

A．Anycelebrationofwhathasbeenaccomplishedduringourfirsttwocenturiesalsorequiresa

commitmenttowhatremainstobedoneduringthethirdcentury．

庆祝在过去两个世纪里所取得的成就,同样需要对第三个世纪里所要做的事情承担起责任.

B．Atthistime,andintheplacewheresomanygreatnamesinAmericanhistoryhavetrod,we

renewthiscelebrationoffreedominthefullandcertainknowledgethatwithitcomesgreat

responsibility．

此时,在美国历史上许多伟人所踩过的地方,我们重新庆祝获得的自由,确信随之而来的是巨

大的责任.

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NTY:be/becomeacertaintywith/hascertainty

A．Itcanbesaidwithcertaintythat…可以断言

B．Ihadthecertaintythathewasathome.我确信他在家.

C．Somechildrenlearnbestbyrote,instructuredenvironmentswithhighcertaintyandstrict

discipline．0thersgainsuccessinthelessstructured"permissive〞atmosphereofa"progressive〞

school.

有的孩子在高度稳定和严明纪律的严格环境中以死记硬背取得好成绩,另有一些则在"先

进〞学校比较宽松的环境里获得了成功.

NGE:meet/acceptthechallenge

A．BecauIhadnoformaltraininginanyofthefieldswiththeexceptionofengineering,Ihad

tolearntomeeteachchallengeofmanagingabusinessasitaro．

除了工程学,在所有这些领域里我都没受过正规的教育,所以每当出现一个工商管理方面的挑

战时,我只好学着去迎接它.

:undergo/bringabout/inaugurategreat/markedchange

A．Aftercrossingveraltimezones,sleeprhythmsundergomarkedchangesduringthefirst

night.

经过几个时区后,睡眠规律就会在第一个晚上发生很大变化.

:makeawichoice

A．Notonlydoliesnotprovideanyhope,theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthem

unabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth．

对病人隐瞒真情,不仅不能给予病人任何希望,还会侵犯病人的自由,使他们不能对自己的健

康做出明智的选择.

B．Whenchoicesaremadeamongalternativessuchasthojustdescribed,itbecomesplainthat

choosingonealternativeofteninvolvegivingupanother．

在上述几个方案中做出选择,显然,挑选一个意味着放弃另一个．

ATION:arare/happycombinationof

A．Heturnedouttobeanincrediblecombinationofstrengthandrelaxationonthetrack．

在这方面他证明是把力量和放松结合得最好的人.

B．ThemodernworldisacombinationofEasternandWesterningredientswhichareinextricably

fud．

现代世界是一个东西方紧密融合的结合体.

33．COMFORT:take/derive/ekcomfortfrom/enjoythecomfortof

A．Peoplehavetakencomfortfromtheideathatourbrainsaremagicallyuniqueandcouldnever

beduplicated,nevermindsurpasd,bymachines．

人的大脑是神奇般独特的、不能被复制、不用担心会被机器超过,想到这一点,人们感到了极

大的安慰.

D:acquire/has/cureagoodcommandof

A．Butthisisnotabusinessthatcanbeundertakeninadayorswiftlyimprovidbyamere

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commandofthewill.

但这种事并非一天就能做成的,也不是靠征服意志就能一蹴而就的.

T:makecommentabout

A．ecommentis

madefromgenerationtogenerationanditisalwaystrue．

老年人总是说年轻人不像他们同龄时那样了.一代一代人做出相同的评论,而且总是真实的.

AISON:incomparisonwith/tomakecomparison

A．Yetcultureshockisrelativelymildincomparisonwiththemuchmore

riousmalady,futureshock．

与更严重的弊证、即未来冲击相比,文化冲击相对来说要轻些.

B．Theboredomthatamanfeelswhenheisdoingnecessarythoughuninterestingworkisas

nothingincomparisonwiththeboredomthathefeelswhenhehasnothingtodowithhisdays．

一个人当他在必须做无趣味的工作时所感到的乏味,和他成天无所事事而感到的乏味相比,几

乎算不了什么.

C．Thefirsttwomustbeequalforallwhoarebeingcompared,ifanycomparisonintermsof

intelligenceistobemade．

如果就智力进行比较的话,前两个因素对所有要比较的人必须是一样的.

ITION:enter/getintocompetitionwith

incompetitionwith/for

A．IntheOlympicGames,womennotonlycannotwinanymedalsincompetitionwithmen,the

gulfbetweenthemissogreatthattheycannotevenqualifyforthecontestswithmen．

在奥运会上,女运动员在同男的竞争中不仅不能夺奖牌,而且他们之间的鸿沟这么大,她们甚

至没有资格和男运动员同场竞技.

B．Itwouldalsoplacehimincompetitionwithotherworkers,which

wouldbeplayingintotheboss’hands．

这样做还会把他置于同其他工人的竞争中,而这正中老板之意.

TRATION:theconcentrationof

A．Thelackofgoods,rvices,andhouholdaids,broughtonbythecountry'sconcentrationon

heavyindustryattheexpenofconsumergoods,affectswomenmuchmorethanmen．

国家重视重工业,忽视消费品生产,由此带来的商品、服务设施和家用器具的短缺对女士的影

响要比男士的大.

B．Strongeconomicandsocialcurrentncouragethecontinuedconcentrationoftheurban

populationwhichotherwimightdisperintomoresparlyttledareas．

经济和社会的向上形势鼓励人们不断向城市集中,要不然的话这些人口会分散到人口较少的

地区.

N:thereis/express/arou/show/giveconcernover/for/about/with

A．Ihaveadeeperconcernabouthighereducationandthecurrentnationalmood．

我对高等教育和目前国家形势所处的状态的深深关切.

B．Meanwhilethepublicshowlittleconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclear

weapons：apossibilitypeopleareconsciouslyawareof．

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同时公众对核武器造成的全球毁灭的危险很少关心,虽然他们意识到这种可

能性.

ERATION:giveconsideration/thoughtto;

nsideration

A．Alltheargumentsoundslogical,butitisobviousthatnoconsiderationistobegiventohis

concernforeitherthewomenorthechildren．

所有这些论点听上去有道理,但它没有考虑到对妇女或者对孩子的关心.

TION:thereis/bearconnectionto

A．Italsoenablesustotellourlvesthatthedespairofhomelesspeoplebearsnointimate

connectiontotheprivilegedexistenceweenjoy--when,infact,werentorpurchaoneoftho

restoredtownhousthatonceprovidedshelterforpeoplenowhuddledinthestreet．

同时也使我们告诫自己,无家可归者的绝望和我们享受到的特权生活没有密切关系的.而实际

上,我们租的或买的那些修建过的市中心房子,曾经是现在流浪街头人的住所.

OUSNSS:anational/world/class/deepconsciousness

A．Inotherwords,theworldofurbanAmericaasadarkplaceundervingofsupportorhelphas

becomefixedintheAmericanconsciousness．Andwearepayingforthatattitudeinourcities

today．

换句话说,美国城市作为一个黑暗的地方,不值得投资和帮助,这种想法已深深扎根于美国人

民的思想意识中.今天我们的城市正在为这种态度付出代价.

B．Furtherstudyandbetterpublicunderstandingareneeded,ofcour．

Butwhatisntialisaglobalconsciousness．

当然,需要进一步研究和更好地理解公众,当然,更为重要的是全球的意识.

C．themoralconsciousnessofanation一个民族的道德意识

recovernationalconsciousness恢复民族意识

Ithasawakenedmillionstopoliticalconsciousness.

它唤起了千百万人的政治觉悟.

T:comeinto/establish/create/need/regain/retain/strengthen

contactswith/between;bring/ntactwith

A．Butourmodernworldofmusicalsobringsusintocontactwithmusicthatisnotalwaysso

quicklygrasped.

然而,现代音乐世界却也让我们总是不能很快理解接触的音乐.

B．Hence,itcanbearguedthatthepeoplewithwhomwecomeintocontactinthevarious

contextsarealllikelytohaveexertedsomeinfluenceinshapingourattitudes,interestsandeven

skillsrelevanttohowwehandleleisure．

因此可以这么说,我们在这些不同的环境所接触到的人们,很可能对我们的态度和兴趣的形

成、甚至包括如何处理有关空闲时间的能力产生一定的影响.

C．Nationalgovernments,also,willbebroughtintoclorandclorcontactwithscience．

同时,这将使各国政府同科学保持越来越密切的联系.

BUTION:makeacontributiontosociety/human

A．"Someonewhohasmadealastingcontributiontohumancivilizationisgreat,〞saidDean

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KeithSimonton．

西门顿教务长说,"长期为人类文明作出贡献的人是伟大的.〞

B．Theirincreasingdemandforcontinuingeducationoffersunprecedentedopportunitiesfor

universitiestoincreaandextendtheircontributionstosociety．

他们对继续教育的不断要求给大学以空前的机会来增加和扩大对社会的

贡献.

L:exertcontrolover;bring...undercontrol

diesshowthatjobsatisfactioncomeslessfromhowmuchpeopleearnthanfromthe

challengeoftheirjobsandthecontroltheyareabletoexert．

调查表明,工作所提供的满足不是来自攒多少钱,而是来自工作的挑战和对工作的控制力.

B．Toprotectthevalueoftheirinvestedcapital,venturecapitalistsdesirecontrolovervarious

corporatedecisions．

为保障其投入资本的价值,风险资本家希望对公司的各种决定进行控制.

C．However,verylittlecontrolcanbeexercidoverthemediaudtogenerateinformationthat

comestoyou．

然而,对曾经用来给你提供信息的媒体几乎没有什么控制.

D．Butalthoughthisformofgeneticengineeringwillgiveusgreatcontrolovermankind'sfuture,

thereareveralreasonsforcaution．

但是,虽然这种基因工程会让我们极大地控制人类的未来,我们还是有诸多理由表现出谨慎.

TION:confirm/express/deepen/hold/voicetheconviction;carry/bringconvictionto

sb.;have/thereisastrong/widespreadconvictionthat；beintheconvictionthat

A．Heisinthefullconvictionthatrealknowledgeistheendproductofathoroughstudyofthe

history．

他深信,只有对历史加以透彻研究,才能真正学到知识.

B．confirmaconviction维持原判

bringconvictiontosb使某人信服

Hiswordscarriedconviction.他的话令人信服.

deepenone’sconviction加深某人的信念

Sheexpresdherfirmconvictionthattelevisionwasharmfultochildren.她坚持认为电视对儿

童有害.

ATION:thereis/findcorrelationbetween

A．Ifheisboredandcure,hemayinvestverylittle--therebeingnonecessarycorrelation

betweentimedevotedandemotioninvested．

如果他感到厌烦但又安全,他可以几乎不用投资,因为在奉献的时间和投资的精力之间没有必

然的联系.

B．Yetwhentheystudiedthevarioussleepstages,theyfoundnocorrectionbetweensleep

physiologyandunhappymood．

然而,当他们研究不同的睡眠阶段时,他们便发现睡眠生理学与不愉快的心情毫无联系.

ILITY:lo/enhancethecredibilityof/with

A．Fortheemergingcompanytheassociationwithacorporatepartnermaynotonlyenhancethe

emergingcompany'sbalancesheet,butmayenhanceitscredibilitywithcustomers,supplier

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investorsandothers．

对于新兴公司而言,与大公司合伙人联合,不仅可以使公司的资产负债表大为改观,而且还可

以提高客户、供应商、投资者和其他人对公司的信任度.

B．"Liesalsodoharmtothowhotellthem：harmtotheirintegrityandinthelongrun,totheir

credibility.

谎言也伤害说谎者自己,损害他们的真诚,并最终损害他们的信誉.

ISM:besubjectedtocriticism;challenge

/defy/excite/invite/offer/rent/tolerate/survive

criticism;comeundercriticismfor

A．AcommonplacecriticismofAmericancultureisitxcessivepreoccupationwithmaterial

goodsandcorrespondingneglectofthehumanspirit.

对美国文化最常见的批评是其过分追求物质商品而忽视人的精神因素.

B．Whitecollarofficeworkers,too,havecomeundercriticismrecently

forrobbingtheirbossoftheirfull-timervices．

最近白领工作者同样受到批评,说他们没让他们的雇主得到全日制服务.

C．Inan,sciencefictioniscriticismofreality．

从某种意义上来说,科幻小说是对现实世界的批评.

D．defyeverycriticism拒不接受任何批评

excite/arou/provoke/stirupcriticism引起批评

invite/welcomecustomers’criticisms欢迎顾客批评

对史密斯先生提出的论点提几点批评意见

ATION:thecultivationofpersonality/skill

A．Thowithabettereducationandinprofessionaloccupationsmaytendtoekrecreationand

personaldevelopmentinleisure．

那些接受过较好教育的专业人员可能在空闲时更倾向于寻求娱乐和个人发展<如培养技能

和爱好等>.

B．Secondis,thedevelopmentofcharacter,especiallythecultivationofmilitaryvirtuessuchas

obedience,loyalty,strengthofwill,lf-control,capacityforsacrifice,andprideinresponsibility．

第二是培养一个人的性格,尤其是军事素质如服从、忠诚、意志力、自控力、牺牲精神和责

任感.

:thereis/developnocurefor

A．Needsarelimited,butnotgreeds．Sciencehasdevelopednocureforenvy,soourwealthboosts

ourhappinessonlybrieflywhileshrinkingthatofourneighbors．

需要是有限的,而贪婪是没有止境的.科学并没有研制出克服妒忌的良方.所以财富也只可以

有限地增进我们的幸福,而同时却会损害我们邻居的幸福.

:thereisanincreasingdemandfor

A．Thefearmayalsobringincreasingdemandsforpoliceprotection,andelectionof

law-and-orderpoliticians．

这种恐惧心理带给人们的是：要求警察的保护和选举执法官的呼声越来越高.

B．Astheworlddemandfornewinformationtechnologiescontinuestoexperienceunprecedented

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growth,asignificantportionofavailableventurecapitalfundscallbeexpectedtobefunneledinto

information,technologythroughouttheworldinthenextfewyears．

由于世界各国的需求,新信息技术继续以前所未有的速度增长,今后几年,世界各地的风险资

本基金的大部分可望投入信息技术部门.

:thedenialof

A．Hisdenialofourpetitioncaudthestudentstorebel．

由于他拒绝了我们的请求,引起了学生们的反抗.

B．Theneedforgratitudeissomethingweallfeel,anddenialofitcandomuchtoharmthespirit

ofkindnessandcooperation．

我们都需要感激,因此拒绝接受就会损害友好和合作的精神.

URE:make/justify/markanewdeparturein/fromthetraditionalvalue/oldmethod

A．makeanewdeparture成为一个新的开始

Hisdictionarymarkedanewdepartureinlexicography.

他的词典标志了词典学的新起点.

Adeparturewasmadefromoldcustom.背弃旧习俗.

Thereareoccasionsjustifyingdeparturefromcustom.

有时违背惯例是有道理的.

ON:havedevotionto

A．Devotiontothatlandhasbeenthesourceofconflictinthisareainthelastdecade．

人们对土地的热爱是过去10年中地区矛盾冲突的根源.

B．Successfactorislargelyamatterofluck-beingintherightplaceattherighttime．Othersspeak

ofutterdevotiontowork,combinedwithadegreeofruthlessness．

成功的因素主要是运气,即在合适的地方和合适的时间.但有的人认为是对工作极端的献身精

神,加上一定程度的残忍.

C．Youngpeoplehaveanairoffreedom,andtheyhavenotadrearycommitmenttomean

ambitionsorloveofcomfort．Theyarenotanxioussocialclimber,andtheyhavenodevotionto

materialthings．

年轻人自由自在,他们并不为自私的抱负、舒适的追求所束缚.他们不急于爬社会的阶梯,他们

不想投身物质利益的追求.

:adesireto/for

A．ItisaproductofAmericans’increasingprosperityandoftheirdesiretoownapieceofland．

这是美国人日益繁荣和有一块土地的愿望的结果.

B．Drivenbythegovernment'sdesireforacredibleautoindustryandbytheirownneedtoachieve

economicsofscale．automakershaveembarkedonexpansionprogramsthatenvisageannual

outputof600000vehiclesbythemid－1990s．

政府有建立可信的轿车工业的愿望,企业有实现其规模经济效益的需要.受这两个因素的驱动,

轿车生产厂家开始实施一系列发展规划,指望在20世纪90年代中期,轿车年产量可达60万

辆.

BILITY:question/provethedesirability〔好处；可取之处〕of

A．Theyquestionedthedesirabilityandutility,inthelightoftheinternationalsituation,of

continuingthearchforsuchadefinition.鉴于当时的国际形势,对于继续谋求这样一个定义

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是否可取或是否有用,他们表示怀疑.

B．Thisdebateoverthedesirabilityofcontinuedeconomicgrowthisofprimeimportanceto

businessandindustry．

这场有关持续经济发展的辩论对商业和工业都非常重要.

C．Nobodydoubtsthedesirabilityofgoodhealth.

没有人会怀疑健康的好处.

EEMENT:express/thereisdisagreement

A．expressone’sdisagreementwith表达某人与…的不同意见

ERY:thediscoveryof

A．Ayoungman'sfirstcarislessameansoftransportationthanamonumenttothisdiscoveryof

youthfulfreedom．

一个年轻人的第一辆汽车与其说是一种交通工具还不如说是发现年轻人自由的标志.

B．Heisdoomedtoawastedlife；hehasaslittleprospectofmakingascientificdiscoveryasan

electronicbrainhas．

他注定要虚度一生.他就像电脑一样.不大可能做出任何科学发现.

Y:make/withadisplayof

A．Thepublicdisplayoffear,sorrow,anger,andirritationrevealsalackoflf-disciplinethat

shouldbeavoidedbythePositiveWomenjustasmuchasbythePositiveMan.

在公众场合表现出害怕、伤感、气愤和恼怒是缺乏自控能力的表现,而作为"自信女士〞和"

自信男士〞都应该避免.

B．makeadisplayof炫耀,卖弄；表示

makeadisplayofone’swealth炫耀自己的财富

Hemadeagreatdisplayofhislearning.他大肆卖弄自己的学问.

makeadisplayofone’saffection表示亲热

ISFACTION:thereis/express/voice/cauadeep/growing/widespreaddissatisfaction

with

A．Thoreportingasupportivehome,workandsocialliferemainedfarhealthierthantho

expressingdissatisfactionwiththeirprivateandworklives.

那些说他们有一个能支撑的家、稳定的工作和社会生活的人要比那些表示对他们的生活和工

作不满的人健康得多.

B．Evenso,socialanalystsenoearlyendtothegrowingdissatisfactionofwomenthatis

causingmanytoekanoutletbyrunningawayfromhomeandfamily．

即使如此,社会分析家们认为妇女的日趋不满不会很快消失,而这种不满造成许多人通过出走

家庭来发泄.

ITY:Thereis/obtainwide/greatdiversityofopinionasto

A．Thedivisionoflaborbroughtdiversityofoccupationandwithitindividualvariability.

劳动分工给职业带来多样性,伴随的是个人的变化.

B．Maryhasagreatdiversityofinterests.玛丽的兴趣非常广泛.

:agreat/heavydrainon

A．Dropoutismorethananacademicfailure．Itisthoughtofasawasteofpreciousfacultytime

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andadrainonuniversityresourcesalreadybeingudtocapacity．

退学不仅仅是学习上的失败.它还被认为是对教师宝贵时间的浪费,是对早已紧缺的大学资源

的消耗.

B．Therapidlyincreasingdrainonresourcescomesnotonlyfromthepopulationexplosionbut

alsofromthe"expectationexplosion〞.

不仅是人口的快速增长,同样,不断膨胀的期望都迅速耗尽了国家的资源.

C．braindrain人才外流

D．Defencostshavebeenaheavydrainonthecountry’sresources.

国防开支严重地消耗了该国的财力.

ESS:one'agernesstodosth.

A．Intheireagernesstoextendapopularbrand’srecognitionandreputationtoanewtypeof

product,managersoftenoverlookbasicproblemswiththefitbetweentheoldnameandthenew

item．

经营者们因渴望将著名品牌的信誉展现到一种新产品上,而常常忽视了旧名称和新产品之间

"一致〞的一些基本问题.

:exert/haveaharmfuleffecton

A．Althoughtheydidhavesomeinfluence,heavytelevisionviewingstillshowedasignificant

effect．

虽然它们确实有些影响,但是过多地看电视还会显示其重大影响.

B．Ahighwaycodewhichwasuniversallyacceptedcouldonlyhaveadramaticallybeneficial

effectontheaccidentrate．

被大家普遍接受的公路法规对降低事故只会产生显著而有利的影响.

ENCY:improve/rai/increa/decrea/lowertheefficiencyof

A．Itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'conomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyof

itsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsand

technologistsofallkinds．

显然,一个国家的经济实力和这个国家的农业、工业产出的效率有直接关系,而这一点又依赖

于各个领域的科学家和技术人员的努力.

:make/have/exertaeffortto

A．Ifcleardefinitionsofacademicdishonestyhavebeendeveloped,andifareasonableefforthas

beenmadetoinformstudentsthatsuchoffensaletreatedriously,theappropriatepunishment

forawillfuloffenshouldbesomeformofparationfromtheuniversity．

如果学习上的作弊定义清楚,如果做出恰当的努力使学生知道这种作弊要受到严肃处理,那么

对故意作弊的惩罚应当是开除出大学.

B．Indiaismakingadeterminedefforttobringdownitsbirthrate,whichiscurrentlyabout35per

l000,morethantwicethatintheUnitedStates．

印度正在作坚决的努力把出生率降下来,而目前的出生率是35％,是美国的两倍多.

PATION:reprentanemancipationfromerrors/prejudice/control

A．ItcanarguedthatallthisreprentsawelcomeemancipationfromVictorianmorality,andthat

itisawholesomeaffirmationofindependence．

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人们认为：所有这些代表了对维多利亚道德观的一种可喜的解放,是对独立的全盘肯定.

B．emancipationofwomenfromdiscriminativetreatment

妇女从受歧视的待遇中解放出来

TION:theemigrationofpeople

A．ManyThirdWorldnationswithhighunemploymentandlowwageshaveenanemigrationof

workerstothedevelopednations．

在很多失业率高、工资低的第三世界国家里出现了工人移居到发达国家的

现象.

IS:place/putemphasison

A．Himphasisonotherworldlinessinhissongscertainlysuggestedgrimdissatisfactionwithhis

worldlystatus．

他在歌中强调了其他世俗之事,当然也表明了他对自己社会地位的不满.

B．Theyplacegreatemphasisontheirindividualdifferences,onhavingagreatnumberof

choices,andondoingthingstheirownway．

他们极为重视个性差异,注重拥有大量选择,强调各行其是.

AGEMENT:provide/giveencouragement

A．Alongwithhire-purcha,rentalandleasingschemes,theyprovideencouragementtospend

moremoney．

信用卡同分期付款、租赁等赊购方式一样,鼓励人们多花钱.

:bring..,toanend;putanendto

ment,uptoacertainlevelatleast,isawareofthepractice,andinsomeindustries

employntirecadresofpeopletocurtailorputanendtoit．

管理层<至少是某一层>意识到了这种做法,在某些产业里雇佣了一大批干部去阻止或结束这

一做法.

B．Onthecontrary,therapidgrowthinenrollmentoverthelast40yearshascometoanend．

相反,过去40多年学生入学率快速增长的情况已经结束.

C．Wherevertheyoccurred,inefficiencyandwastewereattackedandnon-esntialprojectswere

broughtswiftlytoanend．

无论哪里出现低效率和浪费现象,都会遭到打击,非必要的项目也会迅速停下来.

D．Ifsuchamethodisputtobroadpracticaluinthenearfuture,itcouldverywellbringthe

populationexplosiontoanendonceand

forall．

如果这种方法能在不远的将来广泛使用,它就可以从此结束人口激增的情况.

ENT:enhance/heighten/find/afford/blocktheenjoymentof

A．Acontinualexposureofagenerationtotheenjoymentofviolenceandcrueltyisonewayto

corrodethefoundationsofacivilizedsociety．

一代人不断从观看暴力和残忍中得到乐趣,这是侵蚀文明社会基石的一种

因素.

B．enhancetheenjoymentofajourney增加旅途的愉快

Hefoundgreatenjoymentinhiswork.他在工作中感受到很大的乐趣.

affordenjoymentto给…提供乐趣

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blocksb’njoymentof妨碍某人享受

:anescapefromliferealities/responsibilities

A．Untilrecentlydaydreamingwasgenerallyconsideredeitherawasteoftimeorasymptomof

neurotictendencies,andhabitualdaydreamingwasregardedavidenceofmaladjustmentoran

escapefromlife'srealitiesandresponsibilities．

直到前不久,人们还普遍认为做白日梦不是浪费时间就是精神病的潜在症状,经常做白日梦被

认为是心理失调的表现或是逃避生活现实和生活责任.

B．Withinthissynthesisweliveourdailylives,andfromitthereisnoescape．

在这个综合体中我们每天过着生活,我们是无法从这个综合体里逃脱的.

ATION:examinationof

A．Anexaminationofallthevariablesinthetestconcludedthattheunusuallygoodresultswere

duetothewayhehadhandledthemice,thewayhetalkedtothemandthetone,theconfidence,the

reassuranceandthecertaintyinhisvoice．

对实验中所有变量进行检查可以得出结论：这些结果非同寻常的好,是因为他对待老鼠的方

式,对它们讲话的方式和语调,他声音中的信心、安抚和坚定.

:excessof

A．Thereiscertainlymuchworkwhichixceedinglytroublesome,andanexcessofworkis

alwaysverypainful.

当然有许多工作特别令人难受,而过多地工作总是痛苦的.

B．Butsuchextremesarerelativelyrare,andthereisagrowingbodyofevidencetosupportthe

factthatmostpeoplesufferfromalackofdaydreamingratherthananexcessofit．

但这种极端的情况相对较少,大量证据表明：绝大多数人不是做白日梦太多,而是不做白日梦.

GE:conduct/have/promoteanexchangeof

A．Anegotiationismorethananexchangeofmaterialobjects．

谈判不仅仅是交换物质而已.

B．Duringthisperiod,theyconductedacretexchangeofmessage,viaPakistan.这期间他们通

过巴基斯坦秘密交换信息.

C．Let’shaveanexchangeofviewsonthismatter.

让我们就这一问题交换一下意见吧.

D．Aspecialcommitteewastuptopromoteculturalexchangesbetweenthetwocountries.为增

进两国间的文化交流而建立了一个特别委员会.