(完整word)美国宪法中英文对照版
ConstitutionoftheUnitedStates
美国宪法中英文对照版
Preamble
We,thepeopleoftheUnitedStates,inordertoformamoreperfectUnion,establish
justice,insuredomestictranquility,provideforthecommondefen,promotethe
generalwelfare,andcuretheblessingsoflibertytoourlvesandourposterity,
doordainandestablishthisConstitutionfortheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
序言
我们美利坚合众国的人民,为了组织一个更完善的联邦,树立正义,保障国内的安宁,建立共同的国防,
增进全民福利和确保我们自己及我们后代能安享自由带来的幸福,乃为美利坚合众国制定和确立这一部宪
法。
ArticleI
Section1—Legislativepowers;inwhomvested
AlllegislativepowershereingrantedshallbevestedinaCongressoftheUnitedStates,which
shallconsistofaSenateandHouofReprentatives.
第一条
第一款本宪法所规定的立法权,全属合众国的国会,国会由一个参议院和一个众议院组成。
Section2—HouofReprentatives,howandbywhomchonQualificationsofaReprentative。
Reprentativesanddirecttaxes,ation。
ofchoosingofficers,andofimpeachment.
1。TheHouofReprentativesshallbecompodofmemberschoneverycondyearbythepeople
oftheveralStates,andtheelectorineachStateshallhavethequalificationsrequisitefor
electorsofthemostnumerousbranchoftheStateLegislature。
众议院应由各州人民每两年选举一次之议员组成,各州选举人应具有该州州议会中人数最多之一院的选举人
所需之资格。
2。NopersonshallbeaReprentativewhoshallnothaveattainedtheageoftwenty—fiveyears,
andbeenvenyearsaCitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,bean
inhabitantofthatStateinwhichheshallbechon。
凡年龄未满二十五岁,或取得合众国公民资格未满七年,或于某州当选而并非该州居民者,均不得任众议员。
3。ReprentativesanddirecttaxesshallbeapportionedamongtheveralStateswhichmaybe
includedwithinthisUnion,accordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,whichshallbedeterminedby
addingthewholenumberoffreepersons,includingthoboundtorviceforatermofyears,
andexcludingIndiansnottaxed,three-fifthsofallotherpersons。(Thepreviousntencewas
supercededbyAmendmentXIV,前面语句已由宪法修正案XIV替代)。Theactualenumerationshallbemade
withinthreeyearsafterthefirstmeetingoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates,andwithinevery
subquenttermoftenyears,berof
Reprentativesshallnotexceedoneforeverythirtythousand,buteachStateshallhaveatleast
oneReprentative;anduntilsuchenumerationshallbemade,theStateofNewHampshireshall
beentitledtochoothree,Massachuttight,RhodeIslandandProvidencePlantationsone,
(完整word)美国宪法中英文对照版
Connecticutfive,NewYorksix,NewJeryfour,Pennsylvaniaeight,Delawareone,Marylandsix,
Virginiaten,NorthCarolinafive,SouthCarolinafive,andGeorgiathree.
众议员人数及直接税税额,应按联邦所辖各州的人口数目比例分配,此项人口数目的计算法,应在全体自由人
民--包括订有契约的短期仆役,但不包括末被课税的印第安人--数目之外,再加上所有其他人口之五分
之三.实际人口调查,应于合众国国会第一次会议后三年内举行,并于其后每十年举行一次,其调查方法另以
法律规定之.众议员的数目,不得超过每三万人口有众议员一人,但每州至少应有众议员一人,在举行人囗调
查以前,各州得按照下列数目选举众议员:新罕布什尔三人、马萨诸塞八人、罗德岛及普罗维登斯垦殖区一
人、康涅狄格五人、纽约州六人.新泽西四人、宾夕法尼亚八人、特拉华一人、马里兰六人、弗吉尼亚十人、
北卡罗来纳五人、南卡罗来纳五人、乔治亚三人。
4。WhenvacancieshappeninthereprentationfromanyState,theExecutiveAuthoritythereof
shallissuewritsofelectiontofillsuchvacancies.
任何一州的众议员有缺额时,该州的行政长官应颁选举令,选出众议员以补充缺额.
5。TheHouofReprentativesshallchootheirSpeakerandotherofficers;andshallhave
thesolepowerofimpeachment。
众议院应选举该除议长及其他官员,只有众议院具有提出弹劾案的权力。
Section3—Senators,howandbywhomchon。xecutive,whentomake
temporaryappointments,inca,entoftheSenate,his
entprotem.,andotherofficersoftheSenate,otry
esidentistried,ChiefJusticetopreside。Sentence。
1。TheSenateoftheUnitedStatesshallbecompodoftwoSenatorsfromeachState,forsixyears;
andeachSenatorshallhaveonevote。
合众国的参议院由每州选举两名参议员组成之,参议员的任期为六年,每名参议员有一票表决权.
2。Immediatelyaftertheyshallbeasmbledinconquenceofthefirstelection,theyshall
bedividedaquallyasmaybeintothreeclass。TheatsoftheSenatorsofthefirstclass
shallbevacatedattheexpirationofthecondyear,ofthecondclassattheexpirationof
thefourthyear,andofthethirdclassattheexpirationofthesixthyear,sothatone—third
maybechoneverycondyear;andifvacancieshappenbyresignation,orotherwi,during
therecessoftheLegislatureofanyState,theExecutivethereofmaymaketemporaryappointments
untilthenextmeetingoftheLegislature,whichshallthenfillsuchvacancies。(Thewordsin
italicsweresupercededbyAmendmentXVII)
合众国的参议院由每州的州议会选举两名参议员组成之,参议员的任期为六年,每名参议员有一票表决权。
参议员于第一次选举后举行会议之时,应当立即尽量均等地分成三组。第一组参议员的任期,到第二年年终
时届满,第二组到第四年年终时届满,第三组到第六年年终时届满,俾使每两年有三分之一的参议员改选,
如果在某州州议会休会期间,有参议员因辞职或其它原因出缺,该州的行政长官得任命临时参议员,等到州
议会下次集会时,再予选举补缺(宪法修正案XVII对本条款做了部分修改).
3。NopersonshallbeaSenatorwhoshallnothaveattainedtotheageofthirtyyears,andbeen
nineyearsaCitizenoftheUnitedStates,andwhoshallnot,whenelected,beaninhabitant
ofthatStateforwhichheshallbechon。
凡年龄未满三十岁,或取得合众国公民资格未满九年,或于某州当选而并非该州居民者,均不得任参议员
e—PresidentoftheUnitedStatesshallbePresidentoftheSenate,butshallhaveno
vote,unlesstheybeequallydivided。
合众国副总统应为参议院议长,除非在投票票数相等时,议长无投票权.
5。TheSenateshallchootheirotherofficers,andalsoaPresidentprotempore,intheabnce
oftheVicePresident,orwhenheshallexercitheofficeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.
参议院应选举该院的其他官员,在副总统缺席或执行合众国总统职务时,还应选举临时议长。
6。TheSenateshallhavethesolepowertotryallimpeachments。Whensittingforthatpurpo,
ePresidentoftheUnitedStatesistried,theChief
Justiceshallpreside:andnopersonshallbeconvictedwithouttheconcurrenceoftwo—thirds
(完整word)美国宪法中英文对照版
ofthemembersprent.
所有弹劾案,只有参议院有权审理。在开庭审理弹劾案时,参议员们均应宣誓或誓愿。如受审者为合众国总
统,则应由最高法院首席大法官担任主席,在末得出席的参议员的三分之二的同意时,任何人不得被判有罪。
7。Judgementincasofimpeachmentshallnotextendfurtherthantoremovalfromoffice,and
disqualificationtoholdandenjoyanyofficeofhonor,trust,orprofitundertheUnitedStates:
butthepartyconvictedshallneverthelessbeliableandsubjecttoindictment,trial,judgement
andpunishment,accordingtolaw.
弹劾案的判决,不得超过免职及取消其担任合众国政府任何有荣誉、有责任或有俸禄的职位之资格,但被判
处者仍须服从另据法律所作之控诉、审讯、判决及惩罚。
Section4—Times,etc.,ofholdingelections,sionineachyear.
1。Thetimes,placesandmannerofholdingelectionsforSenatorsandReprentatives,shallbe
prescribedineachStatebytheLegislaturethereof;buttheCongressmayatanytimebylawmake
oraltersuchregulations,exceptastotheplacesofchoosingSenators。
各州州议会应规定本州参议员及众议员之选举时间、地点及程序,但国会得随时以法律制定或变更此种规定,
惟有选举议员的地点不在此例.
gressshallasmbleatleastonceineveryyear,andsuchmeetingshallbeonthefirst
MondayinDecember,(ThewordsinitalicsweresupercededbyAmendmentXX,宪法修正案对此有修改)
unlesstheybylawappointadifferentday。
国会应至少每年集会一次,开会日期应为十二月的第一个星期一,除非他们通过法律来指定另一个日期。
Section5-Membership,Quorum,Adjournments,Rules,l。Time
ofadjournments,howlimited,etc.
1。EachHoushallbethejudgeoftheelections,returnsandqualificationsofitsownmembers,
andamajorityofeachshallconstituteaquorumtodobusiness;butasmallernumbermayadjourn
fromdaytoday,andmaybeauthorizedtocompeltheattendanceofabntmembers,insuchmanner,
andundersuchpenaltiesaachHoumayprovide。
参众两院应各自审查本院的选举、选举结果报告和本院议员的资格,每院议员过半数即构成可以议事的法定
人数,不足法定人数时,可以一天推一天地延期开会,并有权依照各该议院所规定的程序和罚则,强迫缺席
的议员出席。
2。EachHoumaydeterminetherulesofitsproceedings,punishitsmembersfordisorderlybehavior,
and,withtheconcurrenceoftwo-thirds,expelamember。
参众两院得各自规定本院的议事规则,处罚本院扰乱秩序的议员,并且得以三分之二的同意,开除本院的议
员。
ushallkeepajournalofitsproceedings,andfromtimetotimepublishthesame,
exceptingsuchpartsasmayintheirjudgementrequirecrecy;andtheyeasandnaysofthemembers
ofeitherHouonanyquestionshall,atthedesireofone-fifthofthoprent,beentered
onthejournal。
参众两院应各自保存一份议事记录,并经常公布,惟各该院认为应保守秘密之部分除外,两院议员对于每一
问题之赞成或反对,如有五分之一出席议员请求,则应记载于议事记录内.
rHou,duringthessionofCongress,shall,withouttheconntoftheother,adjourn
formorethanthreedays,nortoanyotherplacethanthatinwhichthetwoHousshallbesitting.
在国会开会期间,任一议院未得别院同意,不得休会三日以上,亦不得迁往非两院开会的其他地点。
Section6—Compensation,Privileges,Disqualificationincertaincas。
1。TheSenatorsandReprentativesshallreceiveacompensationfortheirrvices,tobe
ascertainedbylaw,andpaidoutoftheTreasuryoftheUnitedStates。Theyshallinallcas,
excepttreason,felonyandbreachofthepeace,beprivilegedfromarrestduringtheirattendance
atthessionoftheirrespectiveHous,andingoingtoandreturningfromthesame;andfor
anyspeechordebateineitherHou,theyshallnotbequestionedinanyotherplace.
参议员与众议员得因其服务而获报酬,报酬的多寡由法律定之,并由合众国国库支付。两院议员除犯叛国罪、
(完整word)美国宪法中英文对照版
重罪以及扰乱治安罪外,在出席各该院会议及往返各该院途中,有不受逮捕之特权,两院议员在议院内所发
表之演说及辩论,在其它场合不受质询。
2。NoSenatororReprentativeshall,duringthetimeforwhichhewalected,beappointed
toanycivilofficeundertheauthorityoftheUnitedStates,whichshallhaveincreadduring
suchtime;andnopersonholdinganyofficeundertheUnitedStates,shallbeamemberofeither
Houduringhiscontinuanceinoffice。
参议员或众议员不得在其当选任期内担任合众国政府任何新添设的职位,或在其任期内支取因新职位而增添
的俸禄,在合众国政府供职的人,不得在其任职期间担任国会议员。
Section7—Houtooriginateallrevenuebills。Veto。Billmaybepasdbytwo—thirdsof
eachHou,notwithstanding,,notreturnedintendaystobecomealaw。Provisions
astoorders,concurrentresolutions,etc.
1。AllbillsforraisingrevenueshalloriginateintheHouofReprentatives;buttheSenate
maypropoorconcurwithamendmentsasonotherbills。
有关征税的所有法案应在众议院中提出,但参议院得以处理其它法案的方式,以修正案提出建议或表示同意。
illwhichshallhavepasdtheHouofReprentativesandtheSenate,shall,before
itbecomealaw,beprentedtothepresidentoftheUnitedStates;ifheapprove,heshallsign
it,butifnot,heshallreturnit,withhisobjections,tothathouinwhichitshallhave
originated,whoshallentertheobjectionsatlargeontheirjournal,andproceedtoreconsider
rsuchreconsideration,twothirdsofthathoushallagreetopassthebill,it
shallbent,togetherwiththeobjections,totheotherhou,bywhichitshalllikewibe
reconsidered,andifapprovedbytwo—thirdsofthathou,ll
suchcasthevotesofbothhousshallbedeterminedbyyeasandnays,andthenamesofthe
personsvotingforandagainstthebillshallbeenteredonthejournalofeachhourespectively.
Ifanybillshallnotbereturnedbythepresidentwithintendays(Sundayxcepted)afterit
shallhavebeenprentedtohim,thesameshallbealaw,inlikemannerasifhehadsignedit,
unlesstheCongressbytheiradjournmentpreventitsreturn,inwhichcaitshallnotbealaw。
经众议院和参议院通过的法案,在正式成为法律之前,须呈送合众国总统,总统如批准,便须签署,如不批
准,即应连同他的异议把它退还给原来提出该案的议院,该议院应将异议详细记入议事记录,然后进行复议。
倘若在复议之后,该议院议员的三分之二仍然同意通过该法案,该院即应将该法案连同异议书送交另一院,由
其同样予以复议,若此另一院亦以三分之二的多数通过,该法案即成为法律。但遇有这样的情形时,两院的
表决均应以赞同或反对来定,而赞同和反对该法案的议员的姓名,均应由两院分别记载于各该院的议事记录
之内。如总统接到法案后十日之内(星期日除外),不将之退还,该法案即等于曾由总统签署一样,成为
法律¨准有当国会休会因而无法将该法案退还时,该法案才不得成为法律。
3。Everyorder,resolution,orvotetowhichtheconcurrenceoftheSenateandHouof
Reprentativesmaybenecessary(exceptonaquestionofadjournment)shallbeprentedtothe
presidentoftheUnitedStates;andbeforethesameshalltakeeffect,shallbeapprovedbyhim,
or,beingdisapprovedbyhim,shallbere—pasdbytwo—thirdsoftheSenateandHouof
Reprentatives,accordingtotherulesandlimitationsprescribedinthecaofabill.
任何命令、决议或表决(有关休会问题者除外),凡须由参议院及众议院予以同意者,均应呈送合众国总统,
经其此准之后,方始生效,如总统不予批准,则参众两院可依照对于通过法案所规定的各种规则和限制,各
以三分之二的多数,再行通过。
Section8-PowersofCongress
TheCongressshallhavethepower
1。Tolayandcollecttaxes,duties,impostsandexcis,topaythedebtsandprovideforthe
commondefenceandgeneralwelfareoftheUnitedStates;butallduties,impostsandexcisshall
beuniformthroughouttheUnitedStates:
国会有权规定并征收税金、捐税、关税和其它赋税,用以偿付国债并为合众国的共同防御和全民福利提供经
费,但是各种捐税、关税和其它赋税,在合众国内应划一征收
(完整word)美国宪法中英文对照版
owmoneyonthecreditoftheUnitedStates:
以合众国的信用举债
3。Toregulatecommercewithforeignnations,andamongtheveralstates,andwiththeIndian
tribes:
管理与外国的、州与州间的,以及对印第安部落的贸易
blishanuniformruleofnaturalization,anduniformlawsonthesubjectofbankruptcies
throughouttheUnitedStates:
制定在合众国内一致适用的归化条例,和有关破产的一致适用的法律
money,regulatethevaluethereof,andofforeigncoin,andfixthestandardofweights
andmeasures:
铸造货币,调议其价值,并确定外币价值,以及制定度量衡的标准
ideforthepunishmentofcounterfeitingthecuritiesandcurrentcoinoftheUnited
States:
制定对伪造合众国证券和货币的惩罚条例
blishpost-officesandpost—roads:
设立邮政局及建设驿路
otetheprogressofscienceandufularts,bycuringforlimitedtimestoauthors
andinventorstheexclusiverighttotheirrespectivewritingsanddiscoveries:
为促进科学和实用技艺的进步,对作家和发明家的著作和发明,在一定期限内给予专利权的保障
9。Toconstitutetribunalsinferiortothesupremecourt:
设置最高法院以下的各级法院
10。Todefineandpunishpiraciesandfeloniescommittedonthehighas,andoffencesagainst
thelawofnations:
界定并惩罚海盗罪、在公海所犯的重罪和违背国际公法的罪行
11。Todeclarewar,grantlettersofmarqueandreprisal,andmakerulesconcerningcaptures
onlandandwater:
宣战,对民用船舶颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动的特许证,制定在陆地和海面虏获战利品的规则
12。Toraiandsupportarmies,butnoappropriationofmoneytothatushallbeforalonger
termthantwoyears:
募集和维持陆军,但每次拨充该项费用的款项,其有效期不得超过两年
13。Toprovideandmaintainanavy:
配备和保持海军
14。Tomakerulesforthegovernmentandregulationofthelandandnavalforces:
制定管理和控制陆海军队的各种条例
15。Toprovideforcallingforththemilitiatoexecutethelawsoftheunion,suppress
insurrectionsandrepelinvasions:
制定召集民兵的条例,以便执行联邦法律,镇压叛乱和击退侵略
idefororganizing,arminganddiscipliningthemilitia,andforgoverningsuchpart
ofthemasmaybeemployedintherviceoftheUnitedStates,rervingtothestatesrespectively,
theappointmentoftheofficers,andtheauthorityoftrainingthemilitiaaccordingtothe
disciplineprescribedbyCongress:
规定民兵的组织、装备和训练,以及民兵为合众国服务时的管理办法,但各州保留其军官任命权,和依照国
会规定的条例训练其民兵的权力
17。Toexerciexclusivelegislationinallcaswhatsoever,oversuchdistrict(notexceeding
tenmilessquare)asmay,bycessionofparticularstates,andtheacceptanceofCongress,become
theatofthegovernmentoftheUnitedStates,andtoexercilikeauthorityoverallplaces
purchadbytheconntofthelegislatureofthestateinwhichthesameshallbe,fortheerection
offorts,magazines,arnals,dock—yards,andotherneedfulbuildings:And,
(完整word)美国宪法中英文对照版
对于由某州让与而由国会承受,用以充当合众国政府所在地的地区(不超过10平方英里),握有对其一切
事务的全部立法权,对于经州议会同意,向州政府购得,用以建筑要塞、弹药库、兵工厂、船坞和其它必要
建筑物的地方,也握有同样的权力并且
18。Tomakealllawswhichshallbenecessaryandproperforcarryingintoexecutiontheforegoing
powers,andallotherpowersvestedbythisconstitutioninthegovernmentoftheUnitedStates,
orinanydepartmentorofficerthereof。
为了行使上述各项权力,以及行使本宪法赋予合众国政府或其各部门或其官员的种种权力,制定一切必要的
和适当的法律
Corpus,Billsof
attainder,etc。Taxes,rtduty。,how
drawnfromTreasury,etc。rsnottoreceiveprents,etc.
1。Themigrationorimportationofsuchpersonsasanyofthestatesnowexistingshallthink
propertoadmit,shallnotbeprohibitedbytheCongresspriortotheyear1808,butataxor
dutymaybeimpodonsuchimportations,notexceeding10dollarsforeachperson。
对于现有任何一州所认为的应准其移民或入境的人,在一八零八年以前,国会不得加以禁止,但可以对入境
者课税,惟以每人不超过十美元为限。
vilegeofthewritofhabeascorpusshallnotbesuspended,unlesswhenincasof
rebellionorinvasionthepublicsafetymayrequireit。
不得中止人身保护令所保障的特权,惟在叛乱或受到侵略的情况下,出于公共安全的必要时不在此限
3。Nobillofattainderorexpostfactolawshallbepasd.
不得通过任何剥夺公民权的法案或者追溯既往的法律
4。Nocapitation,orotherdirecttaxshallbelaidunlessinproportiontothecensusorenumeration
hereinbeforedirectedtobetaken。(ModifiedbyAmendementXVI,宪法修正案XVI有修改)
除非按本宪法所规定的人口调查或统计之比例,不得征收任何人口税或其它直接税
rdutyshallbelaidonarticlexportedfromanystate。
对各州输出之货物,不得课税
6。Nopreferenceshallbegivenbyanyregulationofcommerceorrevenuetotheportsofonestate
overthoofanother:norshallveslsboundto,orfromonestate,beobligedtoenter,clear,
orpaydutiesinanother.
任何有关商务或纳税的条例,均不得赋予某一州的港口以优惠待遇,亦不得强迫任何开往或来自某一州的船
舶,驶入或驶出另一州,或向另一州纳税
7。Nomoneyshallbedrawnfromthetreasurybutinconquenceofappropriationsmadebylaw;
andaregularstatementandaccountofthereceiptsandexpendituresofallpublicmoneyshall
bepublishedfromtimetotime.
除了依照法律的规定拨款之外,不得自国库中提出任何款项,一切公款收支的报告和帐目,应经常公布
8。NotitleofnobilityshallbegrantedbytheUnitedStates:Andnopersonholdinganyoffice
orprofitortrustunderthem,shall,withouttheconntoftheCongress,acceptofanyprent,
emolument,office,ortitle,ofanykindwhatever,fromanyking,prince,orforeignstate.
合众国不得颁发任何贵族头衔:凡是在合众国政府担任有俸禄或有责任之职务者,末经国会许可,不得接
受任何国王、王子或外国的任何礼物、薪酬、职务或头衔
Section10-Statesprohibitedfromtheexerciofcertainpowers.
eshallenterintoanytreaty,alliance,orconfederation;grantlettersofmarque
andreprisal;coinmoney;emitbillsofcredit;makeanythingbutgoldandsilvercoinatender
inpaymentofdebts;passanybillofattainder,expostfactolaw,orlawimpairingtheobligation
ofcontracts,orgrantanytitleofnobility。
各州不得缔结任何条约、结盟或组织邦联,不得对民用船舶颁发捕押敌船及采取报复行动之特许证,不得铸
造货币,不得发行纸币,不得指定金银币以外的物品作为偿还债务的法定货币,不得通过任何剥夺公民权的法
案、追溯既往的法律和损害契约义务的法律,也不得颁发任何贵族头衔。
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