电子英文

电路的基本概念及定律电源source电压源voltagesource电流源current

source理想电压源idealvoltagesource理想电流源idealcurrentsource伏

安特性volt-amperecharacteristic电动势electromotiveforce电压voltage

电流current电位potential电位差potentialdifference欧姆Ohm伏特

Volt安培Ampere瓦特Watt焦耳Joule电路circuit电路元件circuit

element电阻resistance电阻器resistor电感inductance电感器inductor

电容capacitance电容器capacitor电路模型circuitmodel参考方向

referencedirection参考电位referencepotential欧姆定律Ohm’slaw基尔

霍夫定律Kirchhoff’slaw基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’svoltagelaw（KVL）基

尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’scurrentlaw（KCL）结点node支路branch回路

loop网孔mesh支路电流法branchcurrentanalysis网孔电流法mesh

currentanalysis结点电位法nodevoltageanalysis电源变换source

transformations叠加原理superpositiontheorem网络network无源二端网

络passivetwo-terminalnetwork有源二端网络activetwo-terminalnetwork

戴维宁定理Thevenin’stheorem诺顿定理Norton’stheorem开路（断路）

opencircuit短路shortcircuit开路电压open-circuitvoltage短路电流

short-circuitcurrent交流电路直流电路directcurrentcircuit(dc)交流电路

alternatingcurrentcircuit(ac)正弦交流电路sinusoidala-ccircuit平均值

averagevalue有效值effectivevalue均方根值root-mean-squirevalue(rms)

瞬时值instantaneousvalue电抗reactance感抗inductivereactance容抗

capacitivereactance法拉Farad亨利Henry阻抗impedance复数阻抗

compleximpedance相位pha初相位initialpha相位差pha

difference相位领先phalead相位落后phalag倒相，反相pha

inversion频率frequency角频率angularfrequency赫兹Hertz相量

phasor相量图phasordiagram有功功率activepower无功功率reactive

power视在功率apparentpower功率因数powerfactor功率因数补偿

power-factorcompensation串联谐振riesresonance并联谐振parallel

resonance谐振频率resonancefrequency频率特性frequencycharacteristic

幅频特性amplitude-frequencyresponcharacteristic相频特性

pha-frequencyresponcharacteristic截止频率cutofffrequency品质因数

qualityfactor通频带pass-band带宽bandwidth(BW)滤波器filter一阶滤

波器first-orderfilter二阶滤波器cond-orderfilter低通滤波器low-pass

filter高通滤波器high-passfilter带通滤波器band-passfilter带阻滤波器

band-stopfilter转移函数transferfunction波特图Bodediagram傅立叶级数

Fourierries三相电路三相电路three-phacircuit三相电源three-pha

source对称三相电源symmetricalthree-phasource对称三相负载

symmetricalthree-phaload相电压phavoltage相电流phacurrent

线电压linevoltage线电流linecurrent三相三线制three-phathree-wire

system三相四线制three-phafour-wiresystem三相功率three-pha

power星形连接starconnection(Y-connection)三角形连接triangular

connection(D-connection,deltaconnection)中线neutralline电路的暂态过

程分析暂态transientstate稳态steadystate暂态过程，暂态响应transient

respon换路定理lowofswitch一阶电路first-ordercircuit三要素法

three-factormethod时间常数timeconstant积分电路integratingcircuit微

分电路differentiatingcircuit磁路与变压器磁场magneticfield磁通flux磁

路magneticcircuit磁感应强度fluxdensity磁通势magnetomotiveforce磁

阻reluctance电动机直流电动机dcmotor交流电动机acmotor异步电动

机asynchronousmotor同步电动机synchronousmotor三相异步电动机

three-phaasynchronousmotor单相异步电动机single-pha

asynchronousmotor旋转磁场rotatingmagneticfield定子stator转子rotor

转差率slip起动电流startingcurrent起动转矩startingtorque额定电压

ratedvoltage额定电流ratedcurrent额定功率ratedpower机械特性

mechanicalcharacteristic继电器-接触器控制按钮button熔断器fu开关

switch行程开关travelswitch继电器relay接触器contactor常开(动合)触

点normallyopencontact常闭(动断)触点normallyclodcontact时间继电

器timerelay热继电器thermaloverloadrelay中间继电器intermediaterelay

可编程控制器（PLC）可编程控制器programmablelogiccontroller语句表

statementlist梯形图ladderdiagram半导体器件本征半导体intrinsic

miconductor掺杂半导体dopedmiconductorP型半导体P-type

miconductorN型半导体N--typemiconductor自由电子freeelectron空

穴hole载流子carriersPN结PNjunction扩散diffusion漂移drift二极管

diode硅二极管silicondiode锗二极管germaniumdiode阳极anode阴极

cathode发光二极管light-emittingdiode(LED)光电二极管photodiode稳压

二极管Zenerdiode晶体管（三极管）transistorPNP型晶体管PNPtransistor

NPN型晶体管NPNtransistor发射极emitter集电极collector基极ba

电流放大系数currentamplificationcoefficient场效应管field-effecttransistor

(FET)P沟道p-channelN沟道n-channel结型场效应管junctionFET（JFET）

金属氧化物半导体metal-oxidemiconductor(MOS)耗尽型MOS场效应管

depletionmodeMOSFET（D-MOSFET）增强型MOS场效应管enhancement

modeMOSFET（E-MOSFET）源极source栅极grid漏极drain跨导

transconductance夹断电压pinch-offvoltage热敏电阻thermistor开路

open短路shorted基本放大器放大器amplifier正向偏置forwardbias反

向偏置backwardbias静态工作点quiescentpoint(Q-point)等效电路

equivalentcircuit电压放大倍数voltagegain总的电压放大倍数overall

voltagegain饱和saturation截止cut-off放大区amplifierregion饱和区

saturationregion截止区cut-offregion失真distortion饱和失真saturation

distortion截止失真cut-offdistortion零点漂移zerodrift正反馈positive

feedback负反馈negativefeedback串联负反馈riesnegativefeedback

并联负反馈parallelnegativefeedback共射极放大器common-emitter

amplifier射极跟随器emitter-follower共源极放大器common-source

amplifier共漏极放大器common-drainamplifier多级放大器multistage

amplifier阻容耦合放大器resistance-capacitancecoupledamplifier直接耦合

放大器direct-coupledamplifier输入电阻inputresistance输出电阻output

resistance负载电阻loadresistance动态电阻dynamicresistance负载电流

loadcurrent旁路电容bypasscapacitor耦合电容coupledcapacitor直流通

路directcurrentpath交流通路alternatingcurrentpath直流分量direct

currentcomponent交流分量alternatingcurrentcomponent变阻器（电位器）

rheostat电阻（器）resistor电阻（值）resistance电容（器）capacitor电容

（量）capacitance电感（器，线圈）inductor电感（量），感应系数inductance

正弦电压sinusoidalvoltage集成运算放大器及应用差动放大器differential

amplifier运算放大器operationalamplifier(op-amp)失调电压offtvoltage

失调电流offtcurrent共模信号common-modesignal差模信号

different-modesignal共模抑制比common-moderejectionratio(CMRR)积

分电路integrator（circuit）微分电路differentiator（circuit）有源滤波器active

filter低通滤波器low-passfilter高通滤波器high-passfilter带通滤波器

band-passfilter带阻滤波器band-stopfilter波特沃斯滤波器Butterworth

filter切比雪夫滤波器Chebyshevfilter贝塞尔滤波器Beslfilter截止频率

cut-offfrequency上限截止频率uppercut-offfrequency下限截止频率lower

cut-offfrequency中心频率centerfrequency带宽Bandwidth开环增益

open-loopgain闭环增益clod-loopgain共模增益common-modegain输

入阻抗inputimpedance电压跟随器voltage-follower电压源voltagesource

电流源currentsource单位增益带宽unity-gainbandwidth频率响应

frequencyrespon频响特性（曲线）responcharacteristic波特图theBode

plot稳定性stability补偿compensation比较器comparator迟滞比较器

hysteresiscomparator阶跃输入电压stepinputvoltage仪表放大器

instrumentationamplifier隔离放大器isolationamplifier对数放大器log

amplifier反对数放大器antilogamplifier反馈通道feedbackpath反向漏电流

reverleakagecurrent相位pha相移phashift锁相环pha-locked

loop(PLL)锁相环相位监测器PLLphadetector和频sumfrequency差频

differencefrequency波形发生电路振荡器oscillatorRC振荡器RCoscillator

LC振荡器LCoscillator正弦波振荡器sinusoidaloscillator三角波发生器

triangularwavegenerator方波发生器squarewavegenerator幅度

magnitude电平level饱和输出电平（电压）saturatedoutputlevel功率放大

器功率放大器poweramplifier交越失真cross-overdistortion甲类功率放大

器classApoweramplifier乙类推挽功率放大器classBpush-pullpower

amplifierOTL功率放大器outputtransformerlesspoweramplifierOCL功率放

大器outputcapacitorlesspoweramplifier直流稳压电源半波整流full-wave

rectifier全波整流half-waverectifier电感滤波器inductorfilter电容滤波器

capacitorfilter串联型稳压电源ries(voltage)regulator开关型稳压电源

switching(voltage)regulator集成稳压器IC(voltage)regulator晶闸管及可控

整流电路晶闸管thyristor单结晶体管unijunctiontransistor（UJT）可控整流

controlledrectifier可控硅silicon-controlledrectifier峰点peakpoint谷点

valleypoint控制角controllingangle导通角turn-onangle门电路与逻辑代数

二进制binary二进制数binarynumber十进制decimal十六进制

hexadecimal二-十进制binarycodeddecimal（BCD）门电路gate三态门

tri-stategate与门ANDgate或门ORgate非门NOTgate与非门NAND

gate或非门NORgate异或门exclusive-ORgate反相器inverter布尔代数

Booleanalgebra真值表truthtable卡诺图theKarnaughmap逻辑函数

logicfunction逻辑表达式logicexpression组合逻辑电路组合逻辑电路

combinationlogiccircuit译码器decoder编码器coder比较器comparator

半加器half-adder全加器full-adder七段显示器ven-gmentdisplay时

序逻辑电路时序逻辑电路quentiallogiccircuitR-S触发器R-Sflip-flopD

触发器Dflip-flopJ-K触发器J-Kflip-flop主从型触发器master-slaveflip-flop

置位t复位ret直接置位端direct-tterminal直接复位端direct-ret

terminal寄存器register移位寄存器shiftregister双向移位寄存器

bidirectionalshiftregister计数器counter同步计数器synchronouscounter

异步计数器asynchronouscounter加法计数器addingcounter减法计数器

subtractingcounter定时器timer清除（清0）clear载入load时钟脉冲clock

pul触发脉冲triggerpul上升沿positiveedge下降沿negativeedge时

序图timingdiagram波形图waveform脉冲波形的产生与整形单稳态触发器

monostableflip-flop双稳态触发器bistableflip-flop无稳态振荡器astable

oscillator晶体crystal555定时器555timer模拟信号与数字信号的相互转换

模拟信号analogsignal数字信号digitalsignalAD转换器analog-digital

converter(ADC)DA转换器digital-analogconverter(DAC)半导体存储器只

读存储器read-onlymemory（ROM）随机存取存储器random-accessmemory

（RAM）可编程ROMprogrammableROM（PROM）常见英文缩写解释（按

字母顺序排列）：

ASIC:ApplicationSpecificIntegratedCircuit.专用IC

CPLD:ComplexProgrammableLogicDevice.复杂可编程逻辑器件

EDA:ElectronicDesignAutomation.电子设计自动化

FPGA:FieldProgrammableGateArray.现场可编程门阵列

GAL:GenericArrayLogic.通用阵列逻辑

HDL:HardwareDescriptionLanguage.硬件描述语言

IP:IntelligentProperty.智能模块

PAL:ProgrammableArrayLogic.可编程阵列逻辑

RTL:RegisterTransferLevel.寄存器传输级描述）

SOC:SystemOnaChip.片上系统

SLIC:SystemLevelIC.系统级IC