英语音标辅音

28个辅音音标、20个元音音标

（20个）

/ɑ://://://i://U:/

短///////////e///

/e//a///

///e///

///a/

（28个）

轻/p//t//k//f//θ//s/

/b//d//g//v//e//z/

轻///h//ts//t//tr/

///r//dz//d//dr/

/m//n///

/j//w/

边音//

字母读音字母读音

大写小写大写小写

Aa/ei/Nn/en/

Bb/bi:/Oo/u/

Cc/si:/Pp/pi:/

Dd/di:/Qq/kju:/

Ee/i:/Rr/α:/

Ff/ef/Ss/es/

Gg/dVi:/Tt/ti:/

Hh/eitF/Uu/ju:/

Ii/ai/Vv/vi:/

Jj/dVei/Ww/`dQblju:/

Kk/kei/Xx/eks/

Ll/el/Yy/wai/

Mm/em/Zz/zed/

单元音/i:/emebesheneedreadmealeatatdeepkeep

ee/i:/sleepdeepfeet

ea/i:/readeatmeal

单元音/i/initisfitpinbitkisssickmissfishrichlid

闭音节中的i/i/if,his,film(闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节)

闭音节中的y/i/sympathy,syllable,system,gym

位于词尾的y/i/city,pity,willingly,possibility

单元音/e/getletbedpenbestrestwetneverbetterbest

闭音节中的e/e/bed,peg,t,tell

ea/e/dead,heaven,feather

单元音/A/hatcatratcapmapfatmanthankstampfact

闭音节中的a/A/bad,lad,rat,cab

单元音/α:/heartarmdarnfarmcartfastcardarkbarnpass

ar/α:/arm,ark,lard,dark,car,card,hard,harm

单元音/R/lotgotjobshopsoftsongtophotboxpotlock

闭音节中的o/R/hot,got,not,lost,on,soft

/R:/tallfallwallPaulMaudwalkcallyawnthought

or/R:/or,sport,bored,hor,more,before

a(+ll或lk)/R:/all,fall,talk,walk

aw/R:/law,paw,draw,flaw,claw

单元音/u/cookbooklookputgoodfullfootwould

u/u/put,full,pull,push,sugar,cushion

oo/u/good,took,wood,wool,stood,bedroom

ou/u/could,would,should

单元音/u:/toosoonrulebootfoolschoolsoupcoollonew

oo/u:/fool,booth,room,food

ou/u:/soup,you,group

o/u:/do,to,who

/Q/cupbusgunhutsungducklungluckcutstuck

闭音节中的u/Q/but,hunt,sun,duck,luck

闭音节中的o/Q/son,once,colour,other,money

ou/Q/rough,enough,touch,cousin,young

单元音/:/shirthuntburngirlbirdnurworkwormcur

er/:/herd,verb,mercy

ir/:/thirty,shirt,third,fir

ur/:/turn,church,burn,nur,cur

or/:/word,work,world,wor

ear/:/heard,earth,arch

单元音//agoaboutasleepaboveagainamongmotherbrother

许多元音在非重读章节中读成//，所以//的拼写形式多种多样。如：

about,sofa,doctor,colour,figure

双元音/ei/Maypaywaydaysamehaygreatgainpainspade

a/ei/save,face,pale

ay/ei/day,pay,may

ai/ei/wait,fail,strait

ea/ei/break,great

双元音/u/nogosoholehoperoadhomeslowloadfoesoul

o/u/go,hello,no,open,over,joking,October

oa/u/coat,soap,boat,road,coast

ow/u/snow,throw,blow,show,know,window

双元音/ai/byelietryeyecrydiemyfivetimeminealike

开音节中的i/ai/time,crime,rite,fine

igh/ai/high,might,night,light,bright

y/ai/cry,my,sky,fly,July,reply

ie/ai/eye,dye,bye

双元音/au/hownowcowoutmoudownhoubrownfound

ou/au/about,around,found,sound,mou

ow/au/down,crowd,town,brown,now,how

双元音/Ri/boyjoytoyvoicenoijoincoinoilsoiltoil

oi/Ri/oil,boil,join,coin,spoilt,voice,choice,noi

oy/Ri/toy,boy,enjoy,destroy,annoy,loyal,employer

双元音/i/earherefearheardearpiertearnearreallyidea

ear/i/ear,dear,hear,clear,beard

ea/i/idea,real,theatre

ere/i/here,mere,vere

eer/i/beer,queer,engineer

双元音/e/carewearhairtherefairsharecarefulcarelessvariousrepairsqueare

are/e/care,share,fare,hare

air/e/air,fair,chair

双元音/u/toursurepoorpurecurecurioustouristdual

ur/u/cure,pure,fury,curious

英语辅音

英语辅音分清辅音与浊辅音，发音时声带不振动的是清辅音，如：/p,t,k,f,s/。发音时声带振动的是浊

辅音，如：/b,d,g,v,z/。

英语辅音可分为以下几种：

爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/。

/p,b/发音形成的部位是由双唇形成阻碍，使气流短时间内不能通过，气流克服阻碍冲出口腔发出此

音。

/t,d/是由舌尖与上齿龈形成阻碍，发音方法与发/p,b/时相同。

/k,g/是由舌后部抵住软颚形成阻碍，发音方法与发/p,b/时相同。

摩擦音/f,v,W,T,s,z,F,V,h,r/是指唇、舌与齿或者上颚的某些部位接近形成间隙，气流通过时产生摩擦

的音是摩擦音。

破擦音/tF,dV,tr,dr,ts,dz/

鼻音/m,n,N/

边音/l,/

半元音/j,w/

英语辅音大部分是成对的，分清浊两种。如：/p,b/，/t,d/，/k,g/，/f,v/。

英语中有一部分辅音是不成对的，如：/m/，/n/，/N/，/l/，/r/，/j/，/w/没有对应的清辅音，/h/没有

对应的浊辅音。

/W/northsouththrowhealththinkthingmouth

在名词中的th/W/bath,breath,cloth,north,south,worth

/T/thenthoughthisthatthethobathe

th/T/this,that,there,tho,mother,father

在动词中的th/T/bathe,breathe,clothe

在形容词中的th/T/northern,southern,worthy

/n/thinbanranrunnagnotnewnownear

/N/thingbangrangrungringkingwingpingpong

ng/N/morning,singer,singing,spring,wrong,tongue,long

/l/lowlightlinecollectslowlatelotleftlessnearly

字母l有时不发音，如：could,should,talk,walk,half

//telltilloilillpullfallPaullittleuncleMichael

含糊的//一般在辅音前或在停顿前或在词的末尾。如：all,small,child,table,candle