高中英语从句

宾语从句

在英语中,有简单句只含一个谓语动词、并列句用连词连接,含不止一个谓语动词和复合句含从句;本节课我们复

习复合句里面的宾语从句

．．．．

;

如：Sheknowsthathewillcomebacksoon.I’mafraidthatIcan’tgotoyourparty.

1.宾语从句的引导词

宾语从句的引导词分三种;

●1如果从句是陈述句,引导词用在口语中常省略

主句：Hesays...从句：Heistiredofplayingcomputergames.

→Hesaysthatheistiredofplayingcomputergames.

●2如果从句是一般疑问句,引导词用if/whether,表示“是否”;

主句：Idon’tknow…从句：DoesTomlikesfish

→Idon’tknowif/whetherTomlikesfish.

注意①whether引导的从句常与ornot连用,而if不能；

②宾语从句可简化为whethertodo的搭配,而没有iftodo这种搭配.

如：CouldyoutellmewhetherIshouldfinishmyhomeworktodayornot

Couldyoutellmewhethertofinishmyhomeworktoday

拓展if有两个意思：

1.表示“是否”,引导的是宾语从句;动词的时态视情况而定;

2.表示“如果”,引导的是条件状语从句,时态用一般现在时表示将来遵循“主将从现”规则;

经典例题：--DoyouknowifTom____________gohikingwithus

--I’e____________go,Iwilltakemanyphotoswithhim.

●3如果从句是特殊疑问句,直接用该疑问词来引导;

主句：Doyouknow…从句：whatdoeshewanttobuy

→Doyouknowwhathewantstobuy你知道他想要买什么吗

2.宾语从句的时态

■1当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态

如：ShewantstoknowifIhavefinishedmyhomework.她想知道我是否已经完成了我的作业;

Doyouknowwhenhewillbeback你知道他将会什么时候回来

■2当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去的某时态

如：Hesaidthatshewassinging.他说她正在唱歌;

ShewantedtoknowifIhadfinishedmyhomework.她想知道我是否已经完成了作业;

Didyouknowwhenhewouldcomeback你知道他将会什么时候回来

注意格言和客观真理总是用一般现在时;

如：Shetoldmeyesterdaythattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.

3.宾语从句的语序

★宾语从句要用陈述语序;而不是疑问语气

如：DoesheworkhardIwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.

WhendidheleaveIdon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleftChina.

特殊情况

What’swrongwith…作宾语从句不需变语序

What’sthematterwith…

如：What’swrongwithhimIdon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhat’swrongwithhim.

4.宾语从句的否定转移

在英语里通常不会出现“Ithinkthatheisn’tright.”

而会把否定转移到主句中“Idon’tthinkthatheisright.”

5.宾语从句的虚拟语气

在含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词如advice,suggest,insist,require,request等后,宾语从句要用“should+动

词原形”结构,should常省略;

如：Isuggestthatheshouldstudyharder.这就是为什么study用原形

定语从句

一．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句;

二．特点：1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

2.关联词：

1引出定语从句,并作从句的一个成分;可作主语、宾语、定语、状语,作宾语可省略;

2关联词包括关系代词和关系副词;关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间;

关系代词：that,which,who,whom,who代指先行词;

关系副词：when,where,why作时间状语;

三．基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分

四．关系代词的用法：

和which

that指人或物,作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略,主语不能;

Which指物,不指人,作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略,主语不能;

Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTVts.

Thecoatwhich/thatIputonthedeskisblack.

注意：TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.在介词后面不能用that

2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：

1先行词被形容词最高级修饰时,定语从句只能用that

ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.

2先行词被序数词修饰时,定语从句只能用that

Thechildrenlikethecondlessonthatisabout“TheFootballMatch”.

3先行词被theonly,thevery或thesame等修饰,定语从句只能用that引导;

ItistheonlywordthatIknowinthepassage.

WhereistheverybookthatIboughtjustnow

ThisisthesamebicyclethatIlost.

4先行词为everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,few等不定代词时,定语从句只能用that

IwanteverythingthatIwant.

Iamwritingtotellyouaboutsomethingverystrangethathappenedtomelastweek.

5先行词被不定代词all,any,no,every,little,much,many修饰时,只能用that

HereisallthemoneythatIhave.

6先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时,定语从句只能用that

IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIeintheroom.

7定语从句所修饰的词为theone时,定语从句用that引导

Isittheonethatyouwant

8为了避免重复,在疑问词who之后,用that引导定语从句

Whoisthegirlthatwonthefirstplace

和whom

who指人,在句中作主语和宾语,作宾语可省略;

Whom指人,在句中只能作宾语,可省略,但在介词后面不能省略;

WhoistheteacherthatXiaoLiistalkingto

ThedoctorwithwhomshewenttotheUnitedStateslastmonthisveryfamous.

=Thedoctorwho/whom/thatshewenttotheUnitedStateswithlastmonthisveryfamous.

五.关系副词的用法：

指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语

=onwhich

指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语;

ThisisthehouwhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词.

Wedon’tknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.

状语从句

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等;

以下是应当关于状语从句的几点注意：

,asthough

两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反；有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是

事实或实现的可能性较大;译作“仿佛……似的；好像……似的”;

Theycompletelyignorethefactsasifasthoughtheyneverexisted.

Helooksasifasthoughhehadbeenhitbylighting.

介词+关系代词=关系副词

介词+关系代词人只能用whom,物只能用which

Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.

2．由becau引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替;如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情

况加以推断,就只能用for;

Heisabnttoday,becau/forheisill.

Hemustbeill,forheisabnttoday.

,although引导的让步状语从句,后面的从句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用;

Althoughit'sraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.

Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.

Thoughthesoreishealed,yetascarmayremain.

4．as,though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前形容词、副词、分词、实义动词原形提前;

Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.

5．“nomatter＋疑问词”或“疑问词＋－ever”;

Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.＝Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.

高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在省略,时态的替代,语序的倒装以及连词的辨析四个方面;

1．成分的省略

1在时间、地点、条件、让步、方式等状语从句中,如果主语是it或与主句的主语一致,且谓语动词含有be时,可把

从句的主语和be一起省略;

Don'tspeakuntilyouarespokento.

Docometoemewheneveritispossible.

2在比较状语从句中,可省略与主句相同的部分;

Iknowyoumorethanheknowsyou．

TomistwoyearsolderthanAliceis．

3as尽管引导让步状语从句倒装时,表语提前,且其前的冠词要省略;

Heroasheis,hehasshortcomings.

2．时态的替代

1在时间、条件和让步状语从句中须用一般现在时替代一般将来时,用一般过去时替代过去将来时;

Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgofishing.

Don'tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.

2Themore...themore...句型中,前句起条件状语从句作用,故用现在时表将来;

Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyou'llmake.

3after,before,assoonas等连词本身就暗示了时间的先后,因此可用一般过去时代替过去完成时,而不会产生时

间上的混乱;

IwenttobedafterIhadfinishedmyhomework.

Thefilmstarhadleftbeforethereporterarrived.

Hegotdowntoworkassoonashehadgotothefactory.

3．语序的倒装

1nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely/barely...when...句型中的主句常用过去完成时,从句常用一般过

去时,且置于句首时主句要倒装;

Nosoonerhadhegothomethanitbegantorain.

2so/such...that...,notuntil...置于句首时主句要倒装;

Soangrydidshefeelthatshecouldn'tspeak.

NotuntilhetoldmethetruthdidIrealizewhathadhappened.

4．连词的辨析;根据上下文的语意推断属于哪种状语从句,然后选择连词;

补充

连词

连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类;并列连词是连接主语与主语,谓语与谓语,句子与句子,分词与分词的词,

它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句,从句形式有名词性从句,定语从句和

状语从句等;

一并列连词：

并列连词可用来连接词与词,词组与词组,分句与分句;常用的并列连词有：and和,aswellas既…又,both…

and不但…而且,notonly…butalso不但…而且,not…but不是…而是,neither…nor既不…也不,either…

or不是…就是,or或者,but但是,yet然而,for因为,so所以,while而,when这时等;

如：Bothmybrotherandmysisterareteachers./Hisroomisbrightbutmineisgloomy暗沉沉的./Hecan

notonlyrepairradiosbutalsofixthem./Itisaglorious光荣的yetdifficulttask./Strikewhileiron

ishot.

二从属连词

从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词;常见的从属连词有：

引导时间状语从句的：after,before,when,as,while,since,until,till,assoonas

引导原因状语从句的：becau,since,as

引导让步状语从句的：although,though,nomatter无论,evenifthough

引导条件状语从句的：if,unless,once,soaslongas

引导结果状语从句的：so…that…,such…that…

引导目的状语从句的：sothat…,inorderthat…

引导比较状语从句的：as…as…,notsoas…as…,…than…

引导方式状语从句的：asif…就像…一样,as尽管

引导主语,宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that,whether,if三个;其中that和whether间或还可以引起同

位从句和状语从句;