高级英语

,ifproperlyud,canstimulateachild’simagination.

ginalbuildingwarectedin1710butthisstructurehasbeenlargelytransformed

andextended.

cyisfundamentaltotheprogrammingofcomputers.(elemental基本的，主要的；

elementary基本的，初级的)

atteredoldtroursofhisareastandingjoketoallhisfriends.

stolivenuphislessonsbytellinganinterestinganecdoteaboutthepresident.

usaidwastrue,yetitwasanunkindremark.

asbeenanappreciable(相当可观的)changeinthecountryoflate.（appreciative

感激的，赏识的；appreciated欣赏，感激）

thestudentswerenolongerlisteningtoherboringlecture.

tsarelessawareoftheequallyrewardinghistoricalinterestandfriendly

individualityoftheancientcapital—thecityofWinchester.

somepreliminary(初步的，开始的，预备的)sketcheswhichwouldrveas

guideswhenhepaintedtheactualportrait.

notplead(辩护)ignoranceasyourexcu;Youshouldhaveknownwhatwas

happeningallalong.

edicinetookeffect,thenervouspatientbecamequieter.

aswehaveJim,amanwithexceptionalabilityinmanagement,thingswillbe

workingwellevenifwecomeupagainst(碰到，遭遇)unexpecteddifficulties.

ngedhermindagain?Iwishshe’datleastbeconsistent(始终如一的).

eptionalabilityinadministrationandhislf-confidence(自信)makehiman

excellentleader.（lf-respect自重，自尊；lf-centredness自我中心的，自私自利的；

lf-regard自爱）

dentsintheAdvancedTeachers’TrainingClassareaskedtovisitthenearby

middleschoolsfortheobrvationoflessons.

lationgrowthndsthenumbersofinhabitantsrocketing(猛涨的居民),thecity

showverysignofovercrowdedness.

iceplanningwillfrustrateboththeemployerandtheemployeeandaffectthe

performanceoftheirduties.

orsagreethatsportprovidesanoutletforanadolescent’sfeelingsofaggressionor

frustration.

hecircumstancesitmightbebesttogroupthogiftedathletesinour

university.

eallmyefforts,Iamunabletomakethoslowstudentsdothesameamountof

workthatmostoftheotherstudentsdo.

iouslyhadnointentionofdiscouragingtheindividualgrowthandlf-respectof

thestudents.

thletesthrewpetrolontothebonfireandthesuddenflare(闪光，耀斑)litupthe

wholegarden.

erpreparingforhislessonsshouldalwaysbearinmindthestudents’creativity,

latentinterestandtalent.

tdifficulttounderstandyourreactiontogroupingthegiftedstudentsaccording

totheirinterestandability.

hinkthatthe“quizkids”reallyappreciateyourspecialinstruction.

ngthopupilswhohaverealtroublemasteringacademicsubjectmatterwillnot

dothemanyharm.

rtwoalwayslivenupalecture,Ithink.

eltthattheintellectualsnobs(知识势利者)lackedthecommitmenttopursuea

difficulttasktotheend.

ldbenotedthat(值得注意的是)asindividualsgiftedstudentsareendowedwith

certainattributeswhichreprenttheirpotentialsuccessinlife.

ifactsdisplayedinthemuumwillfiretheimaginationofsucceedinggenerations

ofartists.

rwayoftheEskimoigloowassolowthatwehadtobenddown(蹲下，弯腰)to

enter.

eforestawinding(弯曲的，蜿蜒的)pathmeandered（蜿蜒）downtothevillage.

ghmanypeoplehavedoubtsaboutnewtechnology,inthelongrunitwillbenefit

mankind.

eofsomethingfornothing(不劳而获的诱惑)asanidealingamblinghavoked

criticismfromtheupright,honestpeopleofthesociety.

ovenIndianbasketsoftengiveoff(发出)astrangesmell.（giveaway放弃，

泄漏；giveover停止，移交；）

ly-appointedmanageriscurrently(最近，现在，普遍地)evaluatingthequalityof

theinstruments.

ungman’sfirstcommercialventurewasllinghandmadekits(手工工具)for

modelairplanes.

tionofthenewhandbagshasbeensteppeduptomeettheincreasingdemand.

ortunatefirewascaudbyfaulty(有缺点的)electricalwiring.（withered凋谢

的；）

isdrippingbecauitneedsanewwasher.(dribbling滴下，垂涎；ripping非常，

绝妙地)

emorialrvice(追悼会),ourdirectorpaidtributeto（称赞，歌颂）the

professor’soutstandingcontributiontotheeducationalcau.

thatdegreeofaffluence(富裕程度)relatestotheexpectedstandardofliving

（预期的生活水平）。

eredhowtheinformationwasleakedtothepressbeforeitwasofficially

announced.

ored(停泊)theEskimoskinboatbythebank.

ondbatch(批)ofquality-controlinstrumentsturnedoutmuchbetterthanwhat

wehadexpected.

necanunravel（解开，解决，弄清楚）thecluetothispuzzle,hecanwinaprize.

（unbind解开，解放；untangle清理，整顿；unwind松开）

TVstationisworriedaboutdwindling（减少，变小）revenuefromadvertirs.

theconferencebegins,let’stakeanoverview（综述，概观）oftheprent

situation.

goodsattheexhibitionwillbesoldatareducedrateonacashbasis.

heproblemsourgovernmenthastodealwithisthedisposal(处理，清理)ofthe

growingnumberofplasticcontainers.

onalDaywewillmarch(游行)inprocession(队伍，行列)throughthePeople’s

Square.

tscan’tbeabntfromschoolwithouttheteacher’spermission.

rivingthecaratsuchatremendousspeedthatIcouldnotevensayhellotohim.

ou,acityofaround4millionpeople,welcomedasuccession(连续)ofvisitors

thisyear.（continuation继续，续集；continuity连续性）

erstammered(踉跄)andalmostfellwhenhisopponenthithimhard.(shatter

粉碎，打碎；stagger蹒跚，犹豫；scramble攀登，爬行)

7.I’mafraidthatclothwithalootexture(质地)willnotwashwell.

lychillofapproachingwintermingleswiththelingering(六连不去的)warmth

ofsummersothatondrydaystheairbecomesalive.

ofcuttingdownfurtherwasteistorecyclesuchthingsasglassandpaper.

xtexamineshowAmericans’attachmenttoobjectisincreasingtemporary(暂时

的，临时的).

modelhasbecomeobsolete(outmoded老式的)

t(contemporary现在的，最近的)demographictrends(人口统计学趋势),suchas

thefallinthebirthrate,shouldfavorablyaccelerateeconomicgrowthinthelongrun.、

m“OnGoldenPond”portraystoacertainextentthementality(attitudeofmind

心态)oftheoldpeople.

fulasitis,syntheticsilk(合成丝)willnotsupplant(replace)cottonapparel(棉服

装).

achineconsumes(usup消耗)moreenergythanitcreates.

-PresidentLyndonJohnsonbecamePresidentoftheUnitedStatesfollowingthe

yandwassubquently(later随后)electedtoafulltermin1964.

tritionistsarenowrecommending(suggestweconsumemoreprotein)high

proteindiets.

shumiliated(shamedanddisgraced)byherfather’sremarks.

ologistsandanthropologistsposssawealthofevidence(data)toindicatethat

humanbeingsrofromlowerformsoflifeoveralongperiodoftime.

inewasgreatlytakenaback(使吃惊)byJoan’scaprice.(takeaside把..叫到一旁；

takeabout领..游览；takeapart拆开)

snoevidencethatanymemberoftheMinistryofEducationisinvolvedinthe

affair.(aggravate加重，使恶化；insinuate暗示，讽刺)

dhaveprovidedthatmanuallaborerwithalmostanyobjectofhisdesireuponhis

retirement,buthespeciallyaskedforanoilpaintingbyWinstonChurchill.

ethatyouwon’tbeinvitingthatfrantic(狂乱的，疯狂的)andgrudgingmantothe

party.(entrust委托)

asfranticapplauattheendoftheperformance.(ferocious残忍的，惊人的；

fervent强烈的；fanatic狂热的)

verfreeonSaturdayeveningsashehasalong-standing(维持，存在已久

的)arrangementtogototheconcertwithhisfriendasachangeofatmosphere.

(long-lived长寿的，长久的；long-range远程的，长期的；ever-lasting无穷尽的)

people,terforexample,

havingmadehislatestfilmearlierthismonth,heiscurrently(目前)starringina

Broadwaymusical.(lately近来，不久前；factually真实地，确实地)

8.I’dratheryoudidn’tcultivateanyhobbiesuntilyoureallyfeeltheneedtodoso.

ardborenorelationtothededicationshedisplayed.

eofherpoorconstitution,ittookheralongtimetothrowoff(摆脱，抛弃)her

badcoldandbegintheprocessofrecuperation.(throwaway扔掉，丢弃；throwdown推

翻；throwover放弃，拒绝)

timetocultivateahobbyornewformsofinterest;Iamuptomyearsinwork.

(beuptoone’ars忙得不可开交；beuptoone’arsinwork团团转)

ane,thisisahighlysophisticatedcomputersystem.

ortedourargumentwithagreatmanyconvincingfiguresandfacts.(sustain维

持，支撑)

youfindyourlfinaconditionofbeingtroubledorworriedaboutsometrifles,

pleacultivateahobby.

whoareboredtodeathhaveatendencytoshuncompany.(beboredtodeath

无聊死了；shun避免)

troyedtheonlywitness’scredibilitybyinsinuating(暗示)thathehadulterior

motives.(allude顺便提到)

uasuntancreamtoprotectyourskinagainsttheharmfuleffectsofthesun’s

rayswhenyouhavethechanceofplayingagameoffootballorbaballonSunday

afternoonsinsummer.

wouldnevergetover(克服，恢复)theshockofhisbeingworkedtodeath.

（getthrough通过，到达；getoff动身，免于受罚；getby通过，过得去）

aimedthatanyconstructiveinterestcanlendfascinationtoadrearyexistence.

nfortunatepeoplecannotignorethesituationforever,onedaytheywillhaveto

faceuptotheconquencesoftheircapriceandsatiation.(standupto经得起，抵抗；

wakeupto认识到，意识到)

inourgroupholdsoutmuchhopeofmakingpeopleregardcustomasasubject

ofanygreatimportance.(holdout主张，坚持；putout熄灭，出版)

eyheardhowwellthenewcorporationwasdoinginthecomputerbusiness,they

tookacalculatedriskandinvestedmostoftheircapitalinit.

therforecastfortodaypredictedvariable(多变的)weatherwithsunshine,rain,

snowandwindandthatisjustwhatLondonershavehad.(various各种各样的，多方面

的；variant不同的，变异的；varied多变的，各种各样的)

comerwouldbemorepopularintheofficeifhedidn’ttrysohardtoingratiate

(使迎合)himlfwiththeboss.

ntermadearuleofmakingsomepreliminarysketcheswhichcouldrveas

guideswhenhepaintedportraitsofpeople.(elemental自然力的，元素的；elementary

基本的；primary最初的，原始的)

engrowthofthecityisnotjustmanifestedinsophisticatedhousing(精致的住

房)butinotherdevelopmentsaswell.

shehasreadagreatdeal,sheldomthinksverydeeply,soherlearningisreally

quitesuperficial(表面的，肤浅的).(superfluous多余的，不必要的)

marriage,coupledwiththeopen-fire,isanout-modedinstitution(惯例),many

peopleintheWeststilltakemarriageriously.（out-moded=outoffashion过时的，不

流行的）

uperstitious,amirrorhavilpowers,punishinganyonewhoshouldbreakiton

hisbirthdaywithlifelongillluck.(supereminent卓越的)

anthropologistswillasmbleintheconferenceroomtodaytodiscussthe

predominantrolecustomsplayinshapingsocietyandthebehavioroftheindividual.

gumentifyourmajorpremi（前提）isnotaccurate,youwillnotbeableto

drawasoundconclusion.

result,hemadesomemistakesinhisphilosophicalprobing.

foundthatsomescientificstudiesareofteninadequate.

-fashionedpedicabshavegivenwaytomodernmeansoftransport-cars.(pave

thewayfor为..做好准备)

ywewereaskedtocastourvotesfororagainsttheproposition.(castourvotesfor

投票；bidforOlympicGames申办奥运会)

informationaboutthelawsofastronomyandthehabitsofthesocialinctswas

filedalphabeticallyinthecabinetsinhisoffice.(keeponfile归档)

rmIelectedtheanthropologycourbecauitrequiresnopreviousknowledge

ofthesubject.

ferentialweightinginthestudyofsociologyremainedastandingjokeamonghis

colleaguesforyearsafterhisdeath.

eterminedtoexplainthepropermethodtostudycustomhoweverdifficultitis.

titudetowardsscientificstudywillimpoagreatstrainonourcooperation.

(impoaheavestrainon带来巨大的压力)

cialbanksmakemostoftheirearningsfrominterest-earningloansand

investmentsinstocksandbonds.

andonedportionsoftheErieCanal,coveredbyvinesandbrush,arestilleasily

traceable.

wefoundthetrampslyingtheresickandexhausted.

asanobilityaboutthissimple-mindedpersonwhichwasmostengaging.

herpaidhimallowancewhilehewasatuniversity.

ldrenfromtheballetschoolperformedagraceful(优美的)dance.

terwasnotudtospeakinginpublic,butwhentheopportunityprenteditlf,

herototheoccasion(ritotheoccasion应付自如).

aryis$10000ayear,withannualincrements(增量)of$500fortenyears.(bonus

红利；dividend股息)

’treceivedthelatestissueofNationalInsurancebecauheforgottopaythe

subscription(订阅)foritintime.

ghhehadn’tgotanyacademicqualifications,hehadalotofpracticalknowledge

ofnavigationathisfingertips(精通).(underhisbelt已经有了)

an-mindedclass-consciousworkingmenhaveabittergrudgeagainstthe

unscrupulouscapitalists.

tionhasbeendelayedbecauofashortageofrawmaterials.

unately,I’mratherpronetoforgetfulnessatmyage.

putebetweentheunionsandmanagementwillhavetobettledbyarbitration

(公断，仲裁)

theauthor’arlierworkswerepublishedunderapudonym(笔名).

ilWarwhichbeganin1861cuttheUnitedStatesintotwonations-asouthern

ConfederacyandanorthernUnion.(vered)

gregationatlastSunday’srmonshowednoproprietywhentheygiggledatthe

sightofapersoninanoutlandishdress.(decency适当，得体)

smusthavealiceninShanghai.(everyoneengagedinlling)

tthowholiketopokeintootherpeople’sprivateaffairs.(pry;pokeinto探

听，干涉)

istshaveascertainedthatspecializedcellsconvertchemicalenergyinto

mechanicalenergy.(verify核实，查证)

raneanstreamshavecutthroughlimestonetoformmilesofpassagesandcaves,

suchasKentucky’sMammothCave.(underground;subterraneanstreams地下河)

nitedStateslow-incomefamilieswithchildrencangetupto$400intaxrebates.

(refunds折扣，退款)

agerpacedupanddowntheroom,fulminatingagainstJohnforhisbreachof

duty.(cur;paceupanddown=pacetoandfro来回走动；fulminateagainst愤怒反

对)

odabuiltintheTangDynastysuggeststhatthebeautycreatedbyman,though

notimperishable,maysurvivewarsandrevolutions.(everlasting不朽的)

greceptionsnowadaysareastrangemixtureofformality,pompandalackof

naturalwarmth.(ostentation虚有其表)

ckboysandgirlsneednothavefeltlf-conscious(不自在的，害羞的)fortheir

darkskininthesummercamp.(lf-affacing避免抛头露面的；lf-evident不言而

喻的)

eresomanypeoplejostling(推挤)himinthecrowdthathecouldnotholdthe

camerasteadywhiletryingtotakeapictureofMartinLutherKing,Jr,theforemostleader

ofthecivilrightsmovement.

isfamousspeechagainstracialdiscriminationandgregation,hewasprocuted

forreckless(鲁莽的)driving.

fodilswhichchallengedsoproudlytheboisterousMarchwindsweresoon

witheredanddefeated,wrinklingtoremindusoftheinevitableravagesoftime.

eofthebrutalkillingoftheblackpeoplewasdismisd(驳回，不予受理)bythe

judgeforlackofevidence.

heblackgirlhadshedafewtears,sheresignedherlftothereality-itemedshe

couldonlylanguishinthecornersofAmericansociety.（shedtears流泪）

kebillowing(翻腾)fromtheburningtyrescouldbeformilesintheghettoafter

theblackriot.

loftheadvertisinghoardingshadbeendefaced(损坏)byanti-racistslogans.

tswereadvidtosteer(驾驶)clearoftheslumsandghettosinNewYork.

ckpeoplecraved(渴望)happiness,freedom,affectionandcurityofjustice,

which,however,hadbeendeniedtothem.

acksstillfindthemlvexilesintheirownlandandthehoustheyliveinare

infestedwithmiceandcockroaches.(beinfestedwith大批出没，侵扰)

lyrefute(驳斥)inion,youhavedeliberatelydistortedthe

facts-theblackpeoplewereoftenjudgedbythecoloroftheirskin,notbythequalityof

theircharacter.

ngmantoldthecourtthatitwashisdesperatepovertyandtheunspeakable

horrorofpolicebrutalitythathaddrivenhimtocrime.

hestpeakofthemountaincanrarelybeenfrombelowasitisusuallyhidden

inclouds.

endaryislandofAtlantiswassuppodtobeengulfed(吞没)bytheaandthen

itdisappearedwithoutatrace.

ricislikelytoshrink(收缩)ifwashedwithnormaldetergents.

rtnullified(使..无效)theagreementaftermonthsofdebate.

eeponworkingtoohard,yourhealthwilldeteriorate(恶化).

swallowsperched(栖息)uponthefence,readytotakeoffattheslightest

sound.

ldanimalslanguishslowlyinthezoobecautheycannotbearcaptivity(囚禁).

fthefollowingitalicizedpartsisapredicativeclau(表语从句)?

eritythathadneverbeenenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.

athatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.

uethathehasmadeaveryimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.

gestionisthatweshouldkeepmovingforwardwithouthesitation

fthefollowingntencesisaCOMPLAINT?

showmeyournewdress.

tdoitagain!

oubleyou’vemade!

goodluck!

fthefollowingunderlinedpartsisdifferentfromothers?

pedmurderer

edteacher

fthefollowingntencesisCORRECT?

n1977Iworkedonastate-ownedfarm.

televeno’clockthetelephonerangagain.

kofartwasdiscoveredaboutnineortenyearsago.

arriedaboutayearago.

“which”inthefollowingntencesCANNOTbereplacedby“as”?

nwaslate,whichmadethemanagerveryangry.

upearly,whichisalwayshishabit.

omthesouth,whichwecanefromhisaccent.

sadmittedintothecollege,whichwehadexpected.

talicizedpartinthefollowingntencesrvesasanobjectcomplement?

aredsotired.

snothingtodo.

enplayingoverthere.

hehoushaking.

fthefollowingntencesdoesNOTcontainanadverbialclauoftime?

otheredirectlyIhavefinishedmybreakfast.

B.I’llletyouknowassoonasI’vereceivedtheresult.

icerushedtothebankthemomenttheygotthealarm.

ehadnotpaidhisbill,hilectricitywascutoff.

talicizedpartinthefollowingntencesindicatesCONDITION?

kdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.

ditionbeingfavorable,hemaysucceed.

eingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.

nhavingstopped,hewentoutforawalk.

fthefollowingntencesisCORRECT?

lynotacknowledgedherprence.

lyescapeddeathintheaccident.

tverybadlastnight.

sabandageforhiswoundbadly.

fthefollowingntencesisINCORRECT?

ityofTaiwanepeoplebelievesinBuddhismandTaoism.

tteeoffivemenandthreewomenistoconsiderthematter.

ofarbitratorshasdecidedinfavorofourcompany.

rofsoldiersweredetachedtoguardthebuilding.

Spontaneousadj.（形容词）

Happeningorarisingwithoutapparentexternalcau;lf-generated.

自然产生的：非由显然的外力诱发或产生的；自我生成的

Arisingfromanaturalinclinationorimpulandnotfromexternalincitementorconstraint.

内在冲动的：由于自然倾向或冲动且非外部刺激或者强制而引起的

Unconstrainedandunstudiedinmannerorbehavior.

无约束的，不须学习的：在仪表或行为上无约束或无须学习的

Growingwithoutcultivationorhumanlabor;indigenous.

自然生长的：不用耕作或人类劳动而生长的；天生的

FromLateLatinspont³s[ofone'sownaccord]

源自后期拉丁语spont³s[出于自己的原因]

fromLatinsponte*e(s)pen-

源自拉丁语sponte*参见(s)pen-

sponta“neously

adv.（副词）

sponta“neousness

n.（名词）

spontaneous,impulsive,instinctive,involuntary,automatic

Theadjectivesmeanacting,reacting,orhappeningwithoutapparentforethought,prompting,or

planning.

这些形容词的意思是没有显然地事前考虑、外力推动和计划而行动、反应或发生。

Spontaneousappliestowhatarisnaturallyratherthanresultingfromexternalconstraintor

stimulus:

Spontaneous指自然发生而非由于外部强制或刺激的结果：

Thetwosuddenlyembracedinaspontaneousgestureofaffection.

两个人因爱而突然自发地拥抱在一起。

“Thehighestandbestformofefficiencyisthespontaneouscooperationofafreepeople”

(WoodrowWilson).

“效率的最高和最好的形式是让人们自由地协作”（伍德罗·威尔森）。

Impulsivereferstotheoperationofasuddenurgeorfeelingnotgovernedbyreason:

Impulsive指不被某种原因决定的冲动或情感的作用：

Lettingherfriendborrowhercarwasanimpulsiveactthatsheimmediatelyregretted.

让朋友借走她的车是她立刻就感到后悔的冲动行为。

Instinctiveimpliesbehaviorpromptedbyinstinctasanaturalconquenceofmembershipina

species:

Instinctive意味由本能而引发的行为，是某一种类成员的自然结果：

“Norishead-hunting,body-snatching,orkillingforfoodinstinctiveornatural”(Bronislaw

Malinowski).Thetermalsoappliestowhatreflectsorcomesaboutasaresultofanatural

inclinationorinnateimpul:

“既不是为捕猎头，或为获得身体，也不是本能地或自然地为了食物而杀害”（布劳内斯罗·马林诺

夫斯基）。这个词也应用于作为一种自然倾向或因内在冲动而产生的后果：

Offeringtohelptheaccidentvictimsemsasinstinctiveasbreathing.

对意外受难者的帮助就象呼吸一样出于本能。

Involuntaryreferstowhatisnotsubjecttothecontrolofthewill:

Involuntary指不受制于意志控制的东西：

“It[becomingahero]nkmyboat”(y).

“非自愿地〔成为一个英雄〕。他们推我下船”（约翰·F·肯尼迪）。

Automaticsuggeststheunthinking,unfeelingfunctioningofamachine;itimpliesanunvarying

mechanicalresponorreaction:

Automatic指不经过思考的，没有感觉的机器运行；它意味着一种没有变化的机械反应或反响：

Sheacceptedthesubpoenawithanautomatic“thankyou.”

她接受了传票，随口说了声“谢谢你”

spontaneous

[spCn5teinjEs,-niEs]

adj.自发的,一时冲动的

天然发生[产生]的,不依赖人工的

本能的,自动的

(文体等)自然而优雅的

aspontaneouxpressionofadmiration

自发的赞美之辞

spontaneousgrowthofwillow

柳树的自然生长

spontaneousrecoveryfromadia

病的自然痊愈

lary&Structure

ppenedthatdayhadagreat_______onpeople’yallknowthatno

countrycanbecompletely__________terroristattack.

,,immunefrom

nce,,freefrom

soften__________ilizedsociety,

peoplewouldn’tattachtoomuchimportance____materialthings.

atedwith,atedwith,to

dwith,dto,at

_________victoriesturnedhishead,sothathemadeafatalmistakewhichledtothe

totaldestructionofhisarmy.

ded

erdayIcame_________abook,whichcame_________es

thateducationshouldnotbetoocloly______marketneeds.

,up,,out,gearedto

,out,,out,connectedwith

ediastarswereadmiredfortheirwealthandglamour_____theirachievements

andmoralstrengthofcharacter.

than

uplesshouldthinktwicebeforethey________.Divorceisveryoftennotavery

goodidea_________theirdifferences.

,p,regardlessof

ff,way,for

7.________heneededmoneyforhismother’soperation,thedriverresistedthetemptationto

keepthefatwalletacustomerhadleftbehindinthecar.

A．

structionofthedamisalready________.Butitscompletionisstillalongway

_______.

tsway,ress,away

rogress,ay,off

tstendtollwellthatarepackedin__________catchtheconsumer’ye.

yasto

at

10._____anyonecangrowupintheworldtodaywithoutworryingaboutnuclearweaponsis

notributetothediscoveryofradium-----MadameCurieandherhusband,PierreCurie.

11.__________,ShanghaiisprobablythebestplaceforthenextAsianGames.

ngsbeingconsidered

iderallthings

________themostprimitivecultures,peopledonotdirectlyexchangegoodsforother

goods.

neof

tsoftenhadtowaitforhalfanhourwithout

________.

tendedto

beenattending

ballisoneofthefewsportsthatarejust________satisfyingplayingbyyourlf

asitis_______ateam.

,y,,,in

15.__________holars

actuallysaythatweshouldstop__________naturebeforeitistoolate.

urface,urface,tamperingwith

ace,ppearance,tamperingwith

Key:

1-5ABCBD6-10BADAA11-15CBCCBD

Unit2

lary&Structure

eople’splansare_________enotsatisfied______

ntto________out_______theirown.

entfrom,of,strike,dictoryto,with,strike,for

dto,to,strike,lictwith,with,branch,on

themaformalletterto___whethertheycouldoffermeapositionintheir

company.

___withtheconstructionoftheexpressway,andheudthisopportunitytosteal

publicmoney.

st

4.____inthepouringrain,hefellillandhadtostayinbed.

caught

kedintothefutureandsawmanylongyears___thatwouldbelongtoheralone.

e

dtakenhisadvice,theproject___sooner.

ecompleted

avebeencompleted

thize___hyshedidn’tshow___thatday.

,,,,up

teofcrisis,itisusuallytheweakthatgoes___.Itgoes___nationsaswellas

individuals.

,,,,for

rejust___antnoharm.

g

ecompaniesbadlyneedmanagerial___.

al

ry___’shardtopleahim.

l

y___thefilm,buthemetandtalkedwiththedirectoraswell.

theboy’sfreetime____theInternet.

tsurfing

ttosurf

___toberelatedtothegreatRussianwriterLeoTolstoy,authorofWarandPeace.

id

hessingingatahighschoolandisacknowledgedtobe___singerasheisa

teacher.

week-longexchangeofviews,thetwosidesfoundtherewerefewerdifferences

thanreally___betweenthem.

d

elopmentplansshouldconform___’tthinkitiswito

concentrateoncoal-mining___theexpenofouragriculture.

,,,,on

nerallyagreedthatwehavetograpple___sometoughproblemsinoureducation.

___thisregard,wehavealottolearnfromothercountries.

,,,,with

ally___thatcultureandlanguagecannotreallybeparated.

ed

icehasbeen___tothesuccessoftheproject,whichhadhelpedusalot.

able

oductshouldbejudgednotbythepromismadeincommercialsand

advertiments,butbytheresults___.

ned

irealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

late

ixturesarecompodoftwoormorepuresubstances,each___changesstateata

differenttemperature.

ent

aswellasanimalsare___toinctattack,andeveryyearmillionofdollarsworth

ofagriculturalcropsaredestroyedbyincts.

l

lityandexperience___himtotherespectofhiscolleagues.

d

Key：

Unit3

lary&Structure

themaformalletterto___whethertheycouldoffermeapositionintheir

company.

___withtheconstructionoftheexpressway,andheudthisopportunitytosteal

publicmoney.

st

3.____inthepouringrain,hefellillandhadtostayinbed.

caught

kedintothefutureandsawmanylongyears___thatwouldbelongtoheralone.

e

dtakenhisadvice,theproject___sooner.

ecompleted

avebeencompleted

thize___hyshedidn’tshow___thatday.

,,,,up

teofcrisis,itisusuallytheweakthatgoes___.Itgoes___nationsaswellas

individuals.

,,,,for

rejust___antnoharm.

g

ecompaniesbadlyneedmanagerial___.

al

ry___’shardtopleahim.

l

y___thefilm,buthemetandtalkedwiththedirectoraswell.

theboy’sfreetime____theInternet.

tsurfing

ttosurf

___toberelatedtothegreatRussianwriterLeoTolstoy,authorofWarandPeace.

id

hessingingatahighschoolandisacknowledgedtobe___singerasheisa

teacher.

week-longexchangeofviews,thetwosidesfoundtherewerefewerdifferences

thanreally___betweenthem.

d

elopmentplansshouldconform___’tthinkitiswito

concentrateoncoal-mining___theexpenofouragriculture.

,,,,on

nerallyagreedthatwehavetograpple___sometoughproblemsinoureducation.

___thisregard,wehavealottolearnfromothercountries.

,,,,with

ally___thatcultureandlanguagecannotreallybeparated.

ed

icehasbeen___tothesuccessoftheproject,whichhadhelpedusalot.

able

oductshouldbejudgednotbythepromismadeincommercialsand

advertiments,butbytheresults___.

ned

Key：

Unit4

lary&Structure

irealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

late

ixturesarecompodoftwoormorepuresubstances,each___changesstateata

differenttemperature.

ent

aswellasanimalsare___toinctattack,andeveryyearmillionofdollarsworth

ofagriculturalcropsaredestroyedbyincts.

l

lityandexperience___himtotherespectofhiscolleagues.

d

ppenedthatdayhadagreat_______onpeople’yallknowthat

nocountrycanbecompletely__________terroristattack.

,,immunefrom

nce,,freefrom

soften__________ilizedsociety,

peoplewouldn’tattachtoomuchimportance____materialthings.

atedwith,atedwith,to

dwith,dto,at

_________victoriesturnedhishead,sothathemadeafatalmistakewhichledtothe

totaldestructionofhisarmy.

ded

erdayIcame_________abook,whichcame_________es

thateducationshouldnotbetoocloly______marketneeds.

,up,,out,gearedto

,out,,out,connectedwith

ediastarswereadmiredfortheirwealthandglamour_____theirachievements

andmoralstrengthofcharacter.

than

uplesshouldthinktwicebeforethey________.Divorceisveryoftennotavery

goodidea_________theirdifferences.

,p,regardlessof

ff,way,for

11.________heneededmoneyforhismother’soperation,thedriverresistedthe

temptationtokeepthefatwalletacustomerhadleftbehindinthecar.

A．

structionofthedamisalready________.Butitscompletionisstillalongway

_______.

tsway,ress,away

rogress,ay,off

tstendtollwellthatarepackedin__________catchtheconsumer’ye.

yasto

at

14._____anyonecangrowupintheworldtodaywithoutworryingaboutnuclearweapons

isnotributetothediscoveryofradium-----MadameCurieandherhusband,Pierre

Curie.

15.__________,ShanghaiisprobablythebestplaceforthenextAsianGames.

ngsbeingconsidered

iderallthings

________themostprimitivecultures,peopledonotdirectlyexchangegoodsfor

othergoods.

neof

tsoftenhadtowaitforhalfanhour

without________.

tendedto

beenattending

ballisoneofthefewsportsthatarejust________satisfyingplayingbyyourlfasitis

_______ateam.

,y,,,in

19.__________holars

actuallysaythatweshouldstop__________naturebeforeitistoolate.

urface,urface,tamperingwith

ace,ppearance,tamperingwith

eople’splansare_________enotsatisfied______

ntto________out_______theirown.

entfrom,of,strike,dictoryto,with,strike,for

dto,to,strike,lictwith,with,branch,on

Key：

BDABABCBDBADAACBCCBD

Unit5

lary&Structure

oplerebelled___theirgovernment’qual___a

civilwar.

,t,,t,to

themaformalletterto___whethertheycouldoffermeapositionintheir

company.

___withtheconstructionoftheexpressway,andheudthisopportunitytosteal

publicmoney.

st

ianshavereactedverywarmly___psychologists’reethat

thediscoverieshavehelpedustolookathumanhistory___anewlight.

t,t,,,in

orofyourtieshouldgo___wocolorsjustdon’tgo___

,,,,together

6.____inthepouringrain,hefellillandhadtostayinbed.

caught

kedintothefutureandsawmanylongyears___thatwouldbelongtoheralone.

e

teofcrisis,itisusuallytheweakthatgoes___.Itgoes___nationsaswellas

individuals.

,,,,for

edTomandAnntodinner,but___ofthemcame.

r

manypeoplearound,hefounditdifficulttoleavethehall____.

iceable

thofhiswifewasabigblow___couldn’tget___it.

,,,,beyond

ry___’shardtopleahim.

l

mpoliteofyoutoleavewithoutsayinggoodbye;youreally___havedoneso.

n’’’’t

14.___thattime,thereformhadbeguntotakeeffect,andtheeconomyhadbegunto

take___.

,,,,up

eryeasytoget___houghhewaspoor,hemanagedtoget___

becauhewassingleandhadverysimpleneeds.

,,,,by

elopmentplansshouldconform___’tthinkitiswito

concentrateoncoal-mining___theexpenofouragriculture.

,,,,on

eaisoften___asChina’sSiliconValley.

upon

18.____invitedtotheopeningceremonyofthefair,thecouplewereangry.

ing

___toberelatedtothegreatRussianwriterLeoTolstoy,authorofWarandPeace.

id

week-longexchangeofviews,thetwosidesfoundtherewerefewerdifferences

thanreally___betweenthem.

d

Key：

Unit6

lary&Structure

followingcurrent___cloly?What’sgoingonintheMiddleEast?

ings

2.___heneededmoneyforhismother’soperation,thedriverresistedthetemptationtokeep

thefatwalletacustomerhadleftbehindinthecar.

3.____holarsactuallysay

thatweshouldstop____naturebeforeitistoolate.

urface,urface,tamperingwith

ppearance,ace,interferingwith

erdayIcame___abook,esthateducation

shouldnotbetoocloly___marketneeds.

,,gearedto

,,connectedwith

___thoconditionscanwelive___eachother.

,inpeaceandharmonywith

,inpeaceandharmonywith

,underpeaceandharmonywith

,inpeaceandharmonyfor

enIleftmyparentsforcollege___howmuchIhaddependedonthem.

alized

retimeswhenchildrenfeelthatcouldmanagewell___theirparentswouldleave

themalone.

ly

alawis___.Themostdifficultthingishowtobreakdowntheresistanceoftho

localofficialswhohavebenefitedgreatly___theoldpractices.

velyeasier,ativelyeasier,from

velyeasy,ablyeasy,in

willalwayscompete___most___their

genes.

,,writtenon

,,builtinto

fitswillbe___ourpartners___theircontributionstothetotalinvestment.

with,among,inproportion

damong,with,onthebasisof

enolonger___totoday’sneeds.

ted

___ourenergyevenmoresincewearenotsuchanoil-richcountry.

ere

duepartlyto___telephonerviceis

good,whereaspostalrviceislesfficient.

sonwhich

twhich

14.___anyonecangrowupintheworldtodaywithoutworryingaboutnuclearweaponsis

notributetothediscoverersofradium—MadameCurieandherhusband.

emthatiftheydonotacceptout___thistime,thedealis___.Wewillpull___.

,off,ions,over,away

,gone,ions,outoff

tmanypeoplethoughtthatthisgreatdisasterwouldinflictaterribledamage___

somestrangereasonittouched___agreatshoppingspree.

,,,,down

cessofanybusiness,___,canonlybeachievedinthefaceofintencompetition

fromothercompanies.

orthesmall

orsmaller

cialtelevisionisthemostexpensivemedium___butisalsothemostpopular

becauofitffectiveness.

’tthinkit’strue,___,thathappinesscomesfromaskingverylittlefromlife.

sbeensuggestedbysome

havesuggested

20.___,ShanghaiisprobablythebestplaceforthenextAsianGames.

ngsbeingconsidered

iderallthings

Unit7

PartIVocabularyandstructure

sityisnotjustaplaceto________knowledgepasdontousfromthepast,it

shouldalsobeaplacetoexplorenewideas.

y

’’shightimehe_______atradetomakealiving.

arn

othingabouttheman’sbackground_________he’in

chemistry.

that

4.__________theharmfuleffectsofsmoking,hedecidedtogiveitup.

cing

cedby

teofcrisis,itisusuallytheweakthatgoes________.Itgoes________nationsas

wellasindividuals.

,,,,for

avegreatsympathy______snotenoughjusttobe

sympathetic______them.

,,,,for

hinkit________tobuyoneofthoelectricdictionaries?

hile

ry___’shardtopleahim.

l

___toberelatedtothegreatRussianwriterLeoTolstoy,authorofWarandPeace.

id

ally___thatcultureandlanguagecannotreallybeparated.

ed

irealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

late

ppenedthatdayhadagreat_______onpeople’yallknowthat

nocountrycanbecompletely__________terroristattack.

,,immunefrom

nce,,freefrom

erdayIcame_________abook,whichcame_________es

thateducationshouldnotbetoocloly______marketneeds.

,up,,out,gearedto

,out,,out,connectedwith

tstendtollwellthatarepackedin__________catchtheconsumer’ye.

yasto

at

15.__________holars

actuallysaythatweshouldstop__________naturebeforeitistoolate.

urface,urface,tamperingwith

ace,ppearance,tamperingwith

soften__________ilizedsociety,

peoplewouldn’tattachtoomuchimportance____materialthings.

atedwith,atedwith,to

dwith,dto,at

aswellasanimalsare___toinctattack,andeveryyearmillionofdollarsworth

ofagriculturalcropsaredestroyedbyincts.

l

irealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

late

elightful__________.Wheneverheisround,everyoneishappy.

gn

______betoocarefulwhendealingwithsuchadelicatematter.

n’’’’t

eaisoften___asChina’sSiliconValley.

’sgoandaskifthathotelstillhasa(n)______room.

ling______ofstate,weshouldn’tforgetthat70%ofourpeoplearestillpeasants.

24._______heneededmoneyforhismother’soperation,thedriverresistedthetemptationto

keepthefatwalletacustomerhadleftbehindunthecar.

ballisoneofthefewsportsthatarejust________satisfyingplayingbyyourlf

asitis__________ateam.

,,y,,in

holarsactuallysay

thatweshouldstop________naturebeforeitistoolate.

urface,ppearance,tamperingwith

urface,ace,interferingwith

riously____intherailwayaccidentandremained_______forweeks.

Everybodyhadgiven__hadexpectedhertobeabletopull_______.

d,unconscious,in,to

d,unconscious,away,out

d,inacoma,up,through

d,inacoma,up,through

emthatiftheydonotacceptour_______thistime,thedealis________.

ions,ions,out

,,off

____victoriesturnedhishead,sothathemadeafatalmistakewhichledtothefatal

destructionofhisarmy.

ded

_____themostprimitivecultures,peopledonotdirectlyexchangegoodsforother

goods.

soften_________ilizedsociety,

peoplewouldn’tattachmuchimportance____materialthings.

dwith,dto,at

atedwith,atedwith,to

problemtodayishowwecan_____oursoilandwater.

e

versation,___thinkaboutwhatyou’regoingtosaynext,trytounderstandwhat

peoplearesayingandwhatyoucanlearn.

for

34._____anyonecangrowupintheworldtodaywithoutworryingaboutnuclearweaponsis

notributetothediscoversofradium----MadameCurieandherhusband,Pierre,Curie.

htthatIwouldsoonrecoverandfinalvictorywasalready____.Butthedoctor

saidthatitwasstill________beinghealed.

gatme,hecorner,farbeyond

ingatme,ingtome,farfrom

dentswerevery____idmanyquestionsandgaveinteresting

comments.

ponding

_______lecturenteverybodytosleep.

’tfigure_________ageareyouparticularlyfondof?

,,,,to

cesofTVtsareabout20%_______.Themanufacturersarealmostllingtheirproducts

_____cost.

,,,,for

40.__________Ihadthemoney,Iwouldn’tbuysuchanexpensivething.

Key：

1-5BADAB6-10CDBBA11-15BABAB16-20BABCB21-25

ADCBB26-30BCDCD31-35DCABD36-40CBDAB

(D)1)Hashegone__hismind?Whydidn’thego__thecontract

morecarefullybeforehesignedit?

,,over

,,over

goout外出交际∕娱乐

gooutofsb’smind失去理智

goover仔细查看

gothrough（法律、合同）接受；达成

gothroughsth.检查某事物；详细研究

gooff离开；爆炸；熄灭；变质

(A)2)There’ssomethingmysteriousgoing__inoureconomy.

People’sincomekeepsgoing__.Butthemarketisnotresponding.

,,down

,,up

begoingon正在进行

goup上涨

godown落下；（船）下沉

goalong前进；同行；赞同

goforward前进；着手进行

(A)3）Idon’

Iwon’tgo__thescientifictheory.

gointo深入探讨

gofor袭击某人；适用于；带回

goin进去；（日月）被云遮盖

D)teofcrisis,itisusuallytheweakthatgoes

_.Itgoes_nationsaswellasindividuals.

o

or

gounder:破产；失败

gofor:适用于

godown:坠落；咽下

goout:出去；熄火

A/B)raduationhedecidedtogo_ime

went_,dn’timaginehimlf

spendingallhislifegoing_money.

after

longat

goinfor:开始从事

gointo:开始从事

goon:随着时间的推逝

goafter:追逐；追求

gooff:离去；去世；爆炸

goalong:前进

goat:进攻；着手干

(D)orofyourtieshouldgo_wo

colorsjustdon’tgo_.

ogether

gether

gowith:颜色搭配合适

gotogether:协调相称

(D)bwent_infrontoftheembassy,killingonechild

andinjuringadozenothers.

gooff:爆炸

goup:上升

goout:出去;熄火

(B)’tgo_’smuchtoonoisy_mytaste.

r

gofor:喜欢

for作“对„来讲”

A)helpme_mypaper?Idon’tknowhowtogo_

it.

t

h.:在某事上帮助某人

goabout:着手；开始做

e_____itthatwehaveenoughmoneyleft

toeus_____

Therestofthemonth.

,,,through

,through

选C:eto确保；esbthough帮某人度过难关

Seeforyourlf亲自看，亲自了解;

eaboutsth办理；照料；料理；esboffa：为~~送行；b：赶

走；c：（在游戏或战斗中）打败，击败；

Seethoughsb/sth看透，识破；

Seesbthough坚持完成；

Seetosth办理，照管，料理；

Seetoitthat~~确保，务使；

vechanged。Butsomepeoplestillcling——theirold

ideas。Thisisknown——aculturallag。

，，，，for选

A;clingto坚持，固守；beknownas被称为

Clingtosb/sth抓紧；紧握；紧抱；

Clingtosth粘着，附着；clingtosb（尤指感情上）依恋，

allycomictoehowsomepeopletrytoshow___their

knowledge___speakingorwritinginawaynobodycanunderstand.

Aup,byBoff,for

Coff,byDout,with

答案：C

•showup:出现，露面，显露，来到

•showoff:炫耀，卖弄

•showsomebodyout:领某人出去

•show„out:领„出去;给„引路出去；拿出„给人看

•ed

metohushit___.

•AdownBup

•CoffDaway

•答案：B

•hush„up:遮蔽，掩盖，隐藏

14.D

Sympathizewithsb/sth同情某人

Showup出现；露面；如约赶到

Showoff炫耀自己；卖弄自己

•Havesympathyforsb/havebesympathetictosb表同情

•Toexpress/feelsympathyforsb向某人表示体恤；对某人感

到同情

•Insympathywithsth因~~~而出现；相应发生

•Outofwithsympathywithsb/sth不赞成;不支持(某人/某物)

•Sympatheticto/towardssb/sth

shuffle,trudge,stroll,stagger,stride,strut,saunter,ramble,loiter,

meander,roam,creep,prowl,toddle,roam,march,pace,patrol,stalk,

tread,tramp,plod

:towalkwithfirmregularstepslikeasoldier

:towalkwithslowsteadysteps,especiallybackwardandforward

:togoatregulartimesroundanarea,building,etc.

:awalkstiffly,proudly,orwithlongsteps高视阔步地走;偷偷接近，潜进（猎物或人）He

stalkedhisvictimasshewalkedhome.;(非法)跟踪，盯梢Sheclaimedthathehadbeenstalking

heroveraperiodofthreeyears.;(written)tomovethroughaplaceinanunpleasantor

threateningway令人厌恶地穿过Thegunmenstalkedthestreetsofthecityatnight.

(strode):walkwithlongstepsorcrosswithonelongstep大跨步地走

(on)(trod,trodden):stepon踩踏；(fmlorlit)towalksomewhere

Fewpeoplehadtrodthispathbefore.

:walk(throughorover)withfirmheavysteps

e:Peopleweretrampledunderfootintherushfortheexit.

Thegovernmentistramplingontheviewsofordinarypeople.

t():togoout

:tomovequicklywithexaggeratedstepssothatpeoplewilllookatyou阔步行走

(ofahor)tomovewithhighsteps腾跃

:towalkproudlywithyourheadupandchestouttoshowthatyouthinkyouare

important趾高气扬地走yersstruttedandpodforthecameras.

:1.(ofananimal)tomovequietlyandcarefullyamonganarea,especiallywhenhunting.

erprowledthroughtheundergrowth.

2.潜行（图谋不轨等）Amanwasenprowlingaroundoutsidethefactoryjustbeforethefire

started.

aroundroom,anarea,etc,.especiallybecauyouarebored,anxious,etc.,and

ledtheemptyroomsofthehouatnight.

:towalkslowlyalong(trudge),especiallywithdifficulty沉重缓慢地走plodalong/on进展

缓慢（尤指艰难枯燥的工作）

:towalkashortdistance,slowlyorlazily,especiallyforpleasure.

e:bydraggingone’sfeetslowlyalong拖着脚走

fromonefoottoanother;tomoveyourfeetinanawkwardorembarrasdway

r:towalkormoveunsteadilyandwithgreatdifficulty,almostfalling蹒跚

:moveuncertainlyorcretively,asifreallyturnandgotheotherway犹犹豫豫地走；羞

怯地走；悄悄地走

:walkwithshort,unsteadysteps,asasmallchilddoes（幼儿学步时）摇摇摆摆地走

:goonawalkforenjoyment,especiallyinthecountry

:ortravelaroundanareawithoutanydefiniteaimordirection(wander)

choffoodandemployment

r:towalkinaslowrelaxedway悠闲地走

r:1.(ofariver,road,etc)蜿蜒而行，迂回曲折eammeandersslowlydown

tothea.

anderedaroundtheoldtown,admiringthe

architecture.

:tostand,sitorlieinalazyway懒洋洋地站（或坐、躺）着

:tostandorwaitsomewhere,especiallywithoobviousreason闲荡，徘徊（hang

around）走走停停

:tomoveslowly,quietly,andcarefullysoasnottoattractattention蹑手蹑脚地走

:plod

hemathexaminationFred,feelingexhausted,shuffledacrossthecampus.

diersreachedtheircampaftertrudging15milesthroughthedeepsnow.

easanttostrollintheparkintheevening.

hecross-countryraceJackstaggeredtothechangingroom.

ghtwhenhesleepilystaggeredtotheringingtelephone,heaccidentally

bumpedintothewardrobe.

imstridingtowardsthestationafewminutesbeforethetrain’s

departure.

couplestrolledthroughthepark,lookingforacludedbenchtositon

andrest.

ly-appointedgeneralstruttedabouttheroomlikealatter-dayNapoleon.

histledhappilyashesaunteredalongthebeach.

ldpeoplelikedtorambleabouttheantiqueruinsinarchofashady

picnicspot.

uristsloiteredaboutthemall,windowshopping.

fascinatedbytheviewoutsidetheroom——abeautifulverdantmeadow

andbrooksmeanderedthroughit.

edtoroamaboutthehillsandpickwildflowersforhermother.

oetheponyinthestable,thechildrencreptdownthestairca,their

heartspoundingviolently.

nhadprowledthejungleforalongtimebeforeitcaughtsightofahare.

herbegantotoddlewhenhewastenmonthsold.

mersoftenlettheirhorsroamfreelyinthemeadowsothattheycould

eattheirfillofgrass,

rolswerecreepingalongthroughtheundergrowthwhenthebomb

exploded.

gswerereportedtobeprowlingthestreetsforwomenworkerswhowere

ontheirwayhomeaftertheafternoonshift.

st-yearstudentsnotonlylearnedhowtomarch,theywerealsotaughthow

totakeaimandshootwhentheyhadmilitarytraining.

mesTom,ourreporter,wouldpaceupanddownthestudy,deepin

thought.

waspatrollingThirdStreet,Fredfoundthelittlematchgirllyingdeadat

thestreetcorner.

arieshatedeingtheirnewmanagerstalkinginandoutoftheoffice

withoutevencastingaglanceatthem.

askedustotreadlightlysoasnottowakeGranny.

ugeestrampedformilesandmilesalldayhuntingforaplacetowork.

epopsingersteppedoutofthecar,hisfanrantohim,eagertogethis

autograph.

orersploddedontheirwayhomeafterworkingintheirplantationthe

wholeday.

decline,decrea,diminish,drop,dwindle,lesn,reduce

oobtainyourforgiveness,tolesnyourillopinion.(JaneAusten)

ofpersonalinitiativeiscultivatedinsteadofbeingdiminished.(Rusll)

berofnationalliedwithGermanydecreadasthewarcontinued.

idenceofmalariadroppeddramaticallybecauoftheeradicationof

malarialmosquitoes.

nmedicinesaresaidtobeeffectiveinreducingpeople’sweight.

idthathervitalityandcreativityaredecliningwithage.

gerofdrowningislesnedbyswimminginstruction.

sdwindledasmoreandmorestudentsplayedtruant.

othestrike,coalsuppliesarediminishing/decreasingquickly.

henumberofmistakesyoumakeintheexerciswilldecreaastime

goeson.

earsofillnesshewasreducedtoaskeleton.

hasdecidedtospendherdecliningyearsinthesuburbsofShanghai.

’shopesdiminishedashisfortunedwindledawaytonothing.

ceofthenewproductshasbeenreducedowingtoatwentypercentriI

productivity.

undsdiminished/dwindledbecauoftheirextravaganceand

ill-management.

crawl,climb,creep

picuousinhiswhitesnowsuit,thehuntercrawledovertheice,pushinghis

riflebeforehim.

quietlyoutoftheroom,sothatIwouldnotdisturbhim.

ledforthenextthreehoursalongamainroadwherealineoftrafficwas

wedgedsotightlytogetherthatitwasalmoststationary.

ptdownstairssoasnottowakeupthesleepingfamily.

ecametheheadofthefactory,ourproductioncrawledata

snail’space.

ngthegreatpeakswasmadepossiblebythedevelopmentofthe

portableoxygents.

tthepriceofgasolineclimbedwayup.

congenital,hereditary,innate

congenital:a.(ofadiaormedicalcondition)existingsinceorbeforebirth.e.g.~defect/heart

dia/abnormalities

b.(onlybefore/existingaspartofaperson’scharacterandnotlikelytochange):a~liar;

~idiocy

innateintelligence/ability/talent:Hebelievesthathumansareinnatelyviolent.

oplebelieveininnateintelligencebutitdoesnotmeantosaythat

intelligencedecideverythinginourlife.

weakasheis,hehadaninnateeagernesstolearnanythingthatwas

challengingandexciting.

genitaldefectdidnotpreventhimfromrealizinghisowndream.

wngothishereditarytitleofmarquiswhenhewasonlyatoddler.

ientistwillgatherevidencetodeterminewhetherinstinctsareinnateor

learnedrespons.

ngloverswerenotallowedtogetmarriedbecautheirtwofamilieswere

hereditaryenemies.

ortunatemotherhasgotthetragicproofthathersonhascongenitalheart

dia.

obstinateandslow-wittedbutIdon’tthinkhisstubbornnessisinnate,butis

acquired.

wassaidtohaveaninnatetalentformusic.

ookdownuponthecongenitalliarinourclass.

concept,conception

concept:ofacategoryorkindthathasbeengeneratedfromparticularinstances

talsoreferstoawidelyheldideaofwhatsomethingisorshouldbe:asocietywithno

conceptofprivateproperty.

Conception:coloredbyimaginationandfeeling,oftenappliestoapeculiarorindividualidea

ratherthanawidelyheldone,ter’sconceptionofsuchasituation.

disprove,disapprove

disprove:provetobecontrary;refute反驳，，证明有误

disapprove:haveabadopinionformoralreasons(of)

Remember,recollect,recall,remind,reminisce

er:impliesakeepinginmemorythatmaybeeffortlessorunwilled.

asifitwereyesterday>

ect:impliesbringingbacktomindwhatislostorscattered

:suggestsasummoningbacktomindandoftenatellingofwhatisbroughtback(beyond

recall)

:suggestsajoggingofone’smemorybyanassociationorsimilarity

sce:impliesacasualoftennostalgicrecallingofexperienceslongpastandgone

friendsliketoreminisce>tothink,talkorwriteaboutahappytimeinyourpast

berate,scold,reprimand,rebuke,reproach,blame

:canbeudinavaguewayfortheadministeringofanysortofreproof,but

moreoftenitcansuggestthetotalrejectionofsomethingorsomeoneasbeing

valueless,ajudgmentthatcanbedeliveredwithnoviewtoimprovingfuture

ca,thewordcanalsosuggestanattitudeofscornorcontempt

forthethingbeingcriticized,whichismoreoftenawholepatternorwayoflifethana

singleinstanceofmisbehavior:

manwhoberatedhisparentsfortheirmiddle-classvalues

Ateacherwhoberatesandbelittleshisstudentsisonlyadmittinghisinabilityto

teachthemanything.

:canoftensuggestaninstanceof①reproof(责备)formisbehaviorthatis

metedoutbyasuperior,suchasaparentorteacher责骂；斥责

ldedthechildforbeinglateforschool.

Inthissituation,thewordmayspecificallyimply②adistinctionbetweenaverbal

eof

this,thewordcansometimessuggestineffectualattemptsatdiscipline:

ldedherchildrenfrequently,butmadenoattempttocorrecttheir

unruly(不驯服的)behavior.

Scoldcanevensuggest③continualnagging(唠叨不休)tonopurpo,whether

aboutriousfaultsorabouttrivialities;here,therelationshipneednotbebetween

superiorandinferior:

whoconstantlyscoldedherhusbandaboutthelowpayheearned.

and:indicatesaformaland,usually,

suggestsadirectconfrontationbetweentheoffenderandhiscritic(正式而严厉地)申

斥，训诫

gewhosharplyreprimandedawitnessforbeingevasiveand

uncooperative.

Themilitarycourtorderedhimtobereprimandedforfailingtodohisduty.军事法庭

下达裁决令：他工作失职，应受训斥。

:istocriticizeorcalldown(责骂)withsharpness,andoftenwithabruptness,

usuallyinthemidstofsomeactionorcourofaction指责，非难

keaworkerwhoclumsinesswasresponsibleforthecomplete

breakdownofoperationsinhisdepartment.

Thejudgerebukedthepolicefortheirtreatmentoftheprisoner.法官指责警察不该

那样对待犯人。

ch:istoexpressthekindofdisapprovalthatarisfromapersonalhurt,

angerorgriefatsomeone’sthoughtlessnessorlfishness(难过和失望地)责备，指

责

reproachingherhusbandforhavingforgottentheirweddinganniversary.

Thewordisalsoudinsometphras:

above/beyondreproach无可指责；完美无缺

Hethoughthimlfabovereproach.他自以为十全十美。

:①consider(someoneorsomething)responsiblefor(somethingbad)责怪，

怪罪，把…归咎于

TheyblamedthefailureofthetalksontheRussians.他们把会谈的失败归咎于俄国

人。

②findfaultwith找…的差错；责备；责难

Criticsblamethedocumentaryforitsone-sidedprentationofthesituation.评论

家指责那部纪录片片面地反映了当时的事态。

WorkbookExercisP16

stifiabletofixblameonthethird-partyforthefailureoftheirmarriage.

ekindcreaturewasgoingawayforgoodandall,the

landladyreproachedherlfbitterlyforeverhavingudaroughexpressionto

her.(Thackeray)

lyhegritted[1]yhadheomittedto

leavehiscard,hehadforgotteneventotellthemwhohe

was…heblamed/reproachedhimlfbitterlyformissingagoldenopportunity.

(Cronin)

sreproachedherhusbandforhavingforgottentheir15thwedding

anniversary.

chwaslost,owingtomerecarelessnessandtoreprimandforitIconsider

isnotsufficient.(Beyot)

tudentswerereprimandedforsmokingduringthelecture.

asahollowsilence,thenAgnes,thelittlegirl,gaveasuddendelighted

-stricken,themotherbenttoscoldher,whenthesightofAndrew’s

facerestrainedher.(Cronin)

ductorwasreprimandedforthethirdtimeanddischargedfromhisduties.

(Bending)

rialthejudgesharplyreprimandedhim,aneyewitnessofthetrainrobbery,

forbeingevasiveanduncooperative.

efthiswifebecausheconstantlyscoldedhimaboutthelowwages

heearnedandhisinabilitytoprovideherwithallthematerialcomfortshedesired.

echhemadeabouttheprervationofbeautyspotsandthesitesof

specialscientificinterestwasbeyondreproach.

coldedherchildrenfrequentlybutmadenoattempttocorrecttheir

unrulybehaviorandunhealthyhabits.

avoid,escape,evade

:keepawayfromorkeepatadistance,eitherbydesignorastheautomatic

oraccidentalconquenceofanaction.

:Initsbasicnitreferssimilarlytoadeliberateoraccidentalkeeping

nalmayadoptaru(诡计)toescapedetection,orhe

isalsoudwith

thenof“tomanagetoavoid,ortoremainuntouchedoruninfluencedby

somethingevilorharmful”:

:oftencarriestheconnotationofavoidanceofdutyorobligationby

underhanded(不光彩的，可耻的)methods:ataxpayerwhoevadedtaxesbyfalsifying

hisaccounts

onderthatFrankescapedfrombeinginjuredbythefallingrock.

inghomeoverthebridge,ProfessorSmithknowinglyavoidedthe

congestionatthetunnel.

soldierevadedhazardousdutybypretendingtobeill.

sntencedtothreemonths’imprisonmentbecauhetried

toevadetaxesbyfalsifyinghisreturns.

htlegallyhaveevadedaportionofthetaxbytakingadvantageof

allowabledeductions.

border,edge,fringe,margin,rim,verge

:likemargin,mostoftenreferstoplanefigures(平面图形).Itcanindicatethe

areaofsuchafigurethatisnearesttoitsoutsideedges:Theywalkedaboutthe

borderofthepark.

Thewordcanalsorefertoacircumscribingboundarythatcontrastsdistinctlywith

whatitenclosandthustsofforframesthecontainedarea:

ablackborder镶边roundtheportraitofthedeadsovereign(君主)

Inthisn,thewordmayimplyanadded,decorativeedge:thelaceborderofher

handkerchief

Bordercan,however,referlikeedgetoadividingline,asinitscommonuforthe

boundarybetweentwocountries.

:referstothethinlinealongonesideofathing:theedgeofthetable；the

southedgeoftheterrace

Oritmayrefertothelinebetweentwosidesorplanes:theedgeofanaxe

Hetestedtheedgeoftheknifewithonefinger.

Metaphorically,thewordmayindicatethesharplinebetweentwocontrasting

qualitiesorstatesor,particularly,thelinedelimitinganundesirablestate:nations

driftingclortotheedgeofdisaster

:thepartfarthestfromthecentre;edge:

Itwaasiertomoveaboutonthefringeofthecrowd.

Thewoodcutterhadalittlehouonthefringesoftheforest.

onthefringesofacity城市的边缘

thefringeofapoliticalparty政党的外围

thefringesofphilosophy哲学的初步知识

fringebenefit附加福利；附带的好处

:emphasizexclusivelyoneaspectofborder,pointingtotheouterarea

circumscribingsomething,anareathatisoftendistinctinappearancefromwhatit

border,however,marginmorefrequentlyreferstotheemptiness,

ript

looksbestwhenatleastaninchofmarginisleftonallfoursidesofthepage.

Tothisimplicationofspaceleftunudcanbeaddedthenotionofitsbeingsavedfor

anemergency:margin(leeway)forerror.

:ers

mostspecificallytotheopenlipofacylindricalorroundedshape:

therimofacup/wheel杯口/轮圈

ontherimofthevolcano

therimoftheworld世界的边缘

:oncecouldreferliterallyeithertoadividingorcircumscribinglineinas

generalawayadge,butnowitisalmostcompletelylimitedtometaphoricalus.

Here,itsuggeststheimminenceornearnessofanabruptshifttosomeother

condition,goodorbad:

onthevergeofsucceedingatlast

onthevergeofanervousbreakdown

posalwascarriedbyaverynarrowmargin.

ful!Therimofyourglassiscracked.

ykneeagainsttheedgeofthestove.

’tgoneartheedgeoftheprecipice;youmaystumbleandtoppleover.

derbetweenthetwocountriesrunsalongthemountainridge.

edtheleftoversofthefoodontheedgeoftheplate.

itingthecomposition,besuretowriteineveryotherlineandleave

amargin.

etoywastakenaway,thegirlfoundherlfonthevergeoftears.

sorHillalwayswriteshiscommentsinthemarginsofhisstudents’papers.

s,amoderncityonthefringesoftheOrinocowilderness,isdominatedby

aprofusionofmotortraffic.

dissue,propodasawayoffinancingacentennialcelebration,failedby

anarrowmargin.

ndetectivewithahornrimmedglasswanderedthroughthegarden.

othepoormanagement,thisfirmwasnearlyonthevergeofbankruptcy.

edding,thoughthein-lawsontheouterfringesdidn’tenjoythemlvesas

muchas“theprivilegedgroup”,theatmospherewas,onthewhole,genialand

harmonious.

ecruitsaregoingtobenttoguardthefarmontheChinesideof

theborerwithBurma.

unggraduatesliketoworkinthepublishinghounownotbecauof

thefringebenefits[2]itoffers,butbecauofthepleasantworkingenvironmentit

providesforall.

assassinate,butcher,commitsuicide,execute,kill,massacre,murder,

slaughter

inate:murder(aruler,politician,etc)forpoliticalreasonsorreward行刺；暗

杀

r:butcherandslaughtercanbothrefertothekillingofanimalsforfood.

Slaughteristhepreferredterminthemeatindustry,possiblybecaubutcherhas

implicationsofbrutalityorbecaubutchercanalsoapplytothecuttingorcarvingof

,butcherusuallyindicatesasmall-scale

operation,whereasslaughtercanbettersuggestmasskillingaswell:

ashedinwhichthefarmerbutcheredlivestocktofeedhisownfamily

legislationtocontroltheslaughteringofcattleinabattoirs(屠场)

Bothwordstakeonextremelydisapprovingovertoneswhenappliedtothekillingof

rheresuggestsbungling(笨手笨脚的)inexpertnessorsadistic(施虐

狂的)brutality:

arapistwhohadbutcheredhisvictimwitharazor

Slaughterspecificallysuggeststhekillingofgreatnumbersofpeople:

Manypeopleareneedlesslyslaughteredeachyearinroadaccidents.每年都有许

多人在交通事故中无辜丧生。

e:canrefertocapitalpunishmentthatastateexactsinreprisal报复for

certaincrimes:

executedfortreason

Themanwhomurderedhiswifewaxecutedonthegallows,accordingtolaw.

Sometimesthewordcanrefertoanon-the-spotkillingofenemiesorprisonersbyan

opponent,asinawar,occupationorinsurrection(起义);here,thenotionoflegal

sanction(批准)maybeabnt

re:

this,itisclotooneaspectofslaughter,butitismorespecificinsuggestingthe

wholesaleandoftentotaldestructionofagroupofrelativelydefenlesspeopleby

another,asinwar,percutionorrevenge

:killunlawfully,especiallyonpurpo:

Headmittedthathehadaccidentallykilledhiswife,butdeniedthathehad

murderedherincoldblood.

Hyperbolically(夸张地),thewordcanpointtothemishandlingofanything:

expressionlessactorswhomurdertheirlines

gs,ratlikeanimals,havethehabitofperiodicallymassingtogetherina

largeherdandcommittingsuicidebyrushingintodeepwateranddrowning

themlves.

ilm“SonoftheMorningStar”,GeneralArmstrongCuster,themilitary

slaughtererwhomassacred/butcheredtheIndiansmercilessly,wasdramatizedas

aromantichero.

onumentwasbuilttocommemoratethesoldierskilledinaction.

etheteleviddebateonwhethertherehadbeenaconspiracy

toassassinatePresidentKennedy?

aneinvaderssackedandkilled/slaughtered/butcheredwantonly

whentheyadvancedacrossthecountryside.

elemperororderedtheman,whohadtriedtoassassinatehimtobe

executedbyslowdeath,ratherthatallowinghimtobeshotonthespot.

dle-agedmanadmittedthathehadaccidentallykilledhiswifebutdenied

thathehadmurderedherincoldblood.

thebutcherywhereallthelivestockisslaughteredforthemarket.

cticidethatcankillcockroachesimmediatelyisavailableinevery

departmentstore.

ingtothedirector,thenewactress,expressionlessandindifferent,

aresimplymurdering[3]thelines.

•

shuffle,trudge,stroll,stagger,stride,strut,saunter,ramble,loiter,

meander,roam,creep,prowl,toddle,roam,march,pace,patrol,stalk,

tread,tramp,plod

:towalkwithfirmregularstepslikeasoldier

:towalkwithslowsteadysteps,especiallybackwardandforward

:togoatregulartimesroundanarea,building,etc.

:awalkstiffly,proudly,orwithlongsteps高视阔步地走;偷偷接近，潜进（猎物或人）He

stalkedhisvictimasshewalkedhome.;(非法)跟踪，盯梢Sheclaimedthathehadbeenstalking

heroveraperiodofthreeyears.;(written)tomovethroughaplaceinanunpleasantor

threateningway令人厌恶地穿过Thegunmenstalkedthestreetsofthecityatnight.

(strode):walkwithlongstepsorcrosswithonelongstep大跨步地走

(on)(trod,trodden):stepon踩踏；(fmlorlit)towalksomewhere

Fewpeoplehadtrodthispathbefore.

:walk(throughorover)withfirmheavysteps

e:Peopleweretrampledunderfootintherushfortheexit.

Thegovernmentistramplingontheviewsofordinarypeople.

t():togoout

:tomovequicklywithexaggeratedstepssothatpeoplewilllookatyou阔步行走

(ofahor)tomovewithhighsteps腾跃

:towalkproudlywithyourheadupandchestouttoshowthatyouthinkyouare

important趾高气扬地走yersstruttedandpodforthecameras.

:1.(ofananimal)tomovequietlyandcarefullyamonganarea,especiallywhenhunting.

erprowledthroughtheundergrowth.

2.潜行（图谋不轨等）Amanwasenprowlingaroundoutsidethefactoryjustbeforethefire

started.

aroundroom,anarea,etc,.especiallybecauyouarebored,anxious,etc.,and

ledtheemptyroomsofthehouatnight.

:towalkslowlyalong(trudge),especiallywithdifficulty沉重缓慢地走plodalong/on进展

缓慢（尤指艰难枯燥的工作）

:towalkashortdistance,slowlyorlazily,especiallyforpleasure.

e:bydraggingone’sfeetslowlyalong拖着脚走

fromonefoottoanother;tomoveyourfeetinanawkwardorembarrasdway

r:towalkormoveunsteadilyandwithgreatdifficulty,almostfalling蹒跚

:moveuncertainlyorcretively,asifreallyturnandgotheotherway犹犹豫豫地走；羞

怯地走；悄悄地走

:walkwithshort,unsteadysteps,asasmallchilddoes（幼儿学步时）摇摇摆摆地走

:goonawalkforenjoyment,especiallyinthecountry

:ortravelaroundanareawithoutanydefiniteaimordirection(wander)

choffoodandemployment

r:towalkinaslowrelaxedway悠闲地走

r:1.(ofariver,road,etc)蜿蜒而行，迂回曲折eammeandersslowlydown

tothea.

anderedaroundtheoldtown,admiringthe

architecture.

:tostand,sitorlieinalazyway懒洋洋地站（或坐、躺）着

:tostandorwaitsomewhere,especiallywithoobviousreason闲荡，徘徊（hang

around）走走停停

:tomoveslowly,quietly,andcarefullysoasnottoattractattention蹑手蹑脚地走

:plod

hemathexaminationFred,feelingexhausted,shuffledacrossthecampus.

diersreachedtheircampaftertrudging15milesthroughthedeepsnow.

easanttostrollintheparkintheevening.

hecross-countryraceJackstaggeredtothechangingroom.

ghtwhenhesleepilystaggeredtotheringingtelephone,heaccidentally

bumpedintothewardrobe.

imstridingtowardsthestationafewminutesbeforethetrain’s

departure.

couplestrolledthroughthepark,lookingforacludedbenchtositon

andrest.

ly-appointedgeneralstruttedabouttheroomlikealatter-dayNapoleon.

histledhappilyashesaunteredalongthebeach.

ldpeoplelikedtorambleabouttheantiqueruinsinarchofashady

picnicspot.

uristsloiteredaboutthemall,windowshopping.

fascinatedbytheviewoutsidetheroom——abeautifulverdantmeadow

andbrooksmeanderedthroughit.

edtoroamaboutthehillsandpickwildflowersforhermother.

oetheponyinthestable,thechildrencreptdownthestairca,their

heartspoundingviolently.

nhadprowledthejungleforalongtimebeforeitcaughtsightofahare.

herbegantotoddlewhenhewastenmonthsold.

mersoftenlettheirhorsroamfreelyinthemeadowsothattheycould

eattheirfillofgrass,

rolswerecreepingalongthroughtheundergrowthwhenthebomb

exploded.

gswerereportedtobeprowlingthestreetsforwomenworkerswhowere

ontheirwayhomeaftertheafternoonshift.

st-yearstudentsnotonlylearnedhowtomarch,theywerealsotaughthow

totakeaimandshootwhentheyhadmilitarytraining.

mesTom,ourreporter,wouldpaceupanddownthestudy,deepin

thought.

waspatrollingThirdStreet,Fredfoundthelittlematchgirllyingdeadat

thestreetcorner.

arieshatedeingtheirnewmanagerstalkinginandoutoftheoffice

withoutevencastingaglanceatthem.

askedustotreadlightlysoasnottowakeGranny.

ugeestrampedformilesandmilesalldayhuntingforaplacetowork.

epopsingersteppedoutofthecar,hisfanrantohim,eagertogethis

autograph.

orersploddedontheirwayhomeafterworkingintheirplantationthe

wholeday.

decline,decrea,diminish,drop,dwindle,lesn,reduce

oobtainyourforgiveness,tolesnyourillopinion.(JaneAusten)

ofpersonalinitiativeiscultivatedinsteadofbeingdiminished.(Rusll)

berofnationalliedwithGermanydecreadasthewarcontinued.

idenceofmalariadroppeddramaticallybecauoftheeradicationof

malarialmosquitoes.

nmedicinesaresaidtobeeffectiveinreducingpeople’sweight.

idthathervitalityandcreativityaredecliningwithage.

gerofdrowningislesnedbyswimminginstruction.

sdwindledasmoreandmorestudentsplayedtruant.

othestrike,coalsuppliesarediminishing/decreasingquickly.

henumberofmistakesyoumakeintheexerciswilldecreaastime

goeson.

earsofillnesshewasreducedtoaskeleton.

hasdecidedtospendherdecliningyearsinthesuburbsofShanghai.

’shopesdiminishedashisfortunedwindledawaytonothing.

ceofthenewproductshasbeenreducedowingtoatwentypercentriI

productivity.

undsdiminished/dwindledbecauoftheirextravaganceand

ill-management.

crawl,climb,creep

picuousinhiswhitesnowsuit,thehuntercrawledovertheice,pushinghis

riflebeforehim.

quietlyoutoftheroom,sothatIwouldnotdisturbhim.

ledforthenextthreehoursalongamainroadwherealineoftrafficwas

wedgedsotightlytogetherthatitwasalmoststationary.

ptdownstairssoasnottowakeupthesleepingfamily.

ecametheheadofthefactory,ourproductioncrawledata

snail’space.

ngthegreatpeakswasmadepossiblebythedevelopmentofthe

portableoxygents.

tthepriceofgasolineclimbedwayup.

congenital,hereditary,innate

congenital:a.(ofadiaormedicalcondition)existingsinceorbeforebirth.e.g.~defect/heart

dia/abnormalities

b.(onlybefore/existingaspartofaperson’scharacterandnotlikelytochange):a~liar;

~idiocy

innateintelligence/ability/talent:Hebelievesthathumansareinnatelyviolent.

oplebelieveininnateintelligencebutitdoesnotmeantosaythat

intelligencedecideverythinginourlife.

weakasheis,hehadaninnateeagernesstolearnanythingthatwas

challengingandexciting.

genitaldefectdidnotpreventhimfromrealizinghisowndream.

wngothishereditarytitleofmarquiswhenhewasonlyatoddler.

ientistwillgatherevidencetodeterminewhetherinstinctsareinnateor

learnedrespons.

ngloverswerenotallowedtogetmarriedbecautheirtwofamilieswere

hereditaryenemies.

ortunatemotherhasgotthetragicproofthathersonhascongenitalheart

dia.

obstinateandslow-wittedbutIdon’tthinkhisstubbornnessisinnate,butis

acquired.

wassaidtohaveaninnatetalentformusic.

ookdownuponthecongenitalliarinourclass.

concept,conception

concept:ofacategoryorkindthathasbeengeneratedfromparticularinstances

talsoreferstoawidelyheldideaofwhatsomethingisorshouldbe:asocietywithno

conceptofprivateproperty.

Conception:coloredbyimaginationandfeeling,oftenappliestoapeculiarorindividualidea

ratherthanawidelyheldone,ter’sconceptionofsuchasituation.

disprove,disapprove

disprove:provetobecontrary;refute反驳，，证明有误

disapprove:haveabadopinionformoralreasons(of)

Remember,recollect,recall,remind,reminisce

er:impliesakeepinginmemorythatmaybeeffortlessorunwilled.

asifitwereyesterday>

ect:impliesbringingbacktomindwhatislostorscattered

:suggestsasummoningbacktomindandoftenatellingofwhatisbroughtback(beyond

recall)

:suggestsajoggingofone’smemorybyanassociationorsimilarity

sce:impliesacasualoftennostalgicrecallingofexperienceslongpastandgone

friendsliketoreminisce>tothink,talkorwriteaboutahappytimeinyourpast

berate,scold,reprimand,rebuke,reproach,blame

:canbeudinavaguewayfortheadministeringofanysortofreproof,but

moreoftenitcansuggestthetotalrejectionofsomethingorsomeoneasbeing

valueless,ajudgmentthatcanbedeliveredwithnoviewtoimprovingfuture

ca,thewordcanalsosuggestanattitudeofscornorcontempt

forthethingbeingcriticized,whichismoreoftenawholepatternorwayoflifethana

singleinstanceofmisbehavior:

manwhoberatedhisparentsfortheirmiddle-classvalues

Ateacherwhoberatesandbelittleshisstudentsisonlyadmittinghisinabilityto

teachthemanything.

:canoftensuggestaninstanceof①reproof(责备)formisbehaviorthatis

metedoutbyasuperior,suchasaparentorteacher责骂；斥责

ldedthechildforbeinglateforschool.

Inthissituation,thewordmayspecificallyimply②adistinctionbetweenaverbal

eof

this,thewordcansometimessuggestineffectualattemptsatdiscipline:

ldedherchildrenfrequently,butmadenoattempttocorrecttheir

unruly(不驯服的)behavior.

Scoldcanevensuggest③continualnagging(唠叨不休)tonopurpo,whether

aboutriousfaultsorabouttrivialities;here,therelationshipneednotbebetween

superiorandinferior:

whoconstantlyscoldedherhusbandaboutthelowpayheearned.

and:indicatesaformaland,usually,

suggestsadirectconfrontationbetweentheoffenderandhiscritic(正式而严厉地)申

斥，训诫

gewhosharplyreprimandedawitnessforbeingevasiveand

uncooperative.

Themilitarycourtorderedhimtobereprimandedforfailingtodohisduty.军事法庭

下达裁决令：他工作失职，应受训斥。

:istocriticizeorcalldown(责骂)withsharpness,andoftenwithabruptness,

usuallyinthemidstofsomeactionorcourofaction指责，非难

keaworkerwhoclumsinesswasresponsibleforthecomplete

breakdownofoperationsinhisdepartment.

Thejudgerebukedthepolicefortheirtreatmentoftheprisoner.法官指责警察不该

那样对待犯人。

ch:istoexpressthekindofdisapprovalthatarisfromapersonalhurt,

angerorgriefatsomeone’sthoughtlessnessorlfishness(难过和失望地)责备，指

责

reproachingherhusbandforhavingforgottentheirweddinganniversary.

Thewordisalsoudinsometphras:

above/beyondreproach无可指责；完美无缺

Hethoughthimlfabovereproach.他自以为十全十美。

:①consider(someoneorsomething)responsiblefor(somethingbad)责怪，

怪罪，把…归咎于

TheyblamedthefailureofthetalksontheRussians.他们把会谈的失败归咎于俄国

人。

②findfaultwith找…的差错；责备；责难

Criticsblamethedocumentaryforitsone-sidedprentationofthesituation.评论

家指责那部纪录片片面地反映了当时的事态。

WorkbookExercisP16

stifiabletofixblameonthethird-partyforthefailureoftheirmarriage.

ekindcreaturewasgoingawayforgoodandall,the

landladyreproachedherlfbitterlyforeverhavingudaroughexpressionto

her.(Thackeray)

lyhegritted[1]yhadheomittedto

leavehiscard,hehadforgotteneventotellthemwhohe

was…heblamed/reproachedhimlfbitterlyformissingagoldenopportunity.

(Cronin)

sreproachedherhusbandforhavingforgottentheir15thwedding

anniversary.

chwaslost,owingtomerecarelessnessandtoreprimandforitIconsider

isnotsufficient.(Beyot)

tudentswerereprimandedforsmokingduringthelecture.

asahollowsilence,thenAgnes,thelittlegirl,gaveasuddendelighted

-stricken,themotherbenttoscoldher,whenthesightofAndrew’s

facerestrainedher.(Cronin)

ductorwasreprimandedforthethirdtimeanddischargedfromhisduties.

(Bending)

rialthejudgesharplyreprimandedhim,aneyewitnessofthetrainrobbery,

forbeingevasiveanduncooperative.

efthiswifebecausheconstantlyscoldedhimaboutthelowwages

heearnedandhisinabilitytoprovideherwithallthematerialcomfortshedesired.

echhemadeabouttheprervationofbeautyspotsandthesitesof

specialscientificinterestwasbeyondreproach.

coldedherchildrenfrequentlybutmadenoattempttocorrecttheir

unrulybehaviorandunhealthyhabits.

avoid,escape,evade

:keepawayfromorkeepatadistance,eitherbydesignorastheautomatic

oraccidentalconquenceofanaction.

:Initsbasicnitreferssimilarlytoadeliberateoraccidentalkeeping

nalmayadoptaru(诡计)toescapedetection,orhe

isalsoudwith

thenof“tomanagetoavoid,ortoremainuntouchedoruninfluencedby

somethingevilorharmful”:

:oftencarriestheconnotationofavoidanceofdutyorobligationby

underhanded(不光彩的，可耻的)methods:ataxpayerwhoevadedtaxesbyfalsifying

hisaccounts

onderthatFrankescapedfrombeinginjuredbythefallingrock.

inghomeoverthebridge,ProfessorSmithknowinglyavoidedthe

congestionatthetunnel.

soldierevadedhazardousdutybypretendingtobeill.

sntencedtothreemonths’imprisonmentbecauhetried

toevadetaxesbyfalsifyinghisreturns.

htlegallyhaveevadedaportionofthetaxbytakingadvantageof

allowabledeductions.

border,edge,fringe,margin,rim,verge

:likemargin,mostoftenreferstoplanefigures(平面图形).Itcanindicatethe

areaofsuchafigurethatisnearesttoitsoutsideedges:Theywalkedaboutthe

borderofthepark.

Thewordcanalsorefertoacircumscribingboundarythatcontrastsdistinctlywith

whatitenclosandthustsofforframesthecontainedarea:

ablackborder镶边roundtheportraitofthedeadsovereign(君主)

Inthisn,thewordmayimplyanadded,decorativeedge:thelaceborderofher

handkerchief

Bordercan,however,referlikeedgetoadividingline,asinitscommonuforthe

boundarybetweentwocountries.

:referstothethinlinealongonesideofathing:theedgeofthetable；the

southedgeoftheterrace

Oritmayrefertothelinebetweentwosidesorplanes:theedgeofanaxe

Hetestedtheedgeoftheknifewithonefinger.

Metaphorically,thewordmayindicatethesharplinebetweentwocontrasting

qualitiesorstatesor,particularly,thelinedelimitinganundesirablestate:nations

driftingclortotheedgeofdisaster

:thepartfarthestfromthecentre;edge:

Itwaasiertomoveaboutonthefringeofthecrowd.

Thewoodcutterhadalittlehouonthefringesoftheforest.

onthefringesofacity城市的边缘

thefringeofapoliticalparty政党的外围

thefringesofphilosophy哲学的初步知识

fringebenefit附加福利；附带的好处

:emphasizexclusivelyoneaspectofborder,pointingtotheouterarea

circumscribingsomething,anareathatisoftendistinctinappearancefromwhatit

border,however,marginmorefrequentlyreferstotheemptiness,

ript

looksbestwhenatleastaninchofmarginisleftonallfoursidesofthepage.

Tothisimplicationofspaceleftunudcanbeaddedthenotionofitsbeingsavedfor

anemergency:margin(leeway)forerror.

:ers

mostspecificallytotheopenlipofacylindricalorroundedshape:

therimofacup/wheel杯口/轮圈

ontherimofthevolcano

therimoftheworld世界的边缘

:oncecouldreferliterallyeithertoadividingorcircumscribinglineinas

generalawayadge,butnowitisalmostcompletelylimitedtometaphoricalus.

Here,itsuggeststheimminenceornearnessofanabruptshifttosomeother

condition,goodorbad:

onthevergeofsucceedingatlast

onthevergeofanervousbreakdown

posalwascarriedbyaverynarrowmargin.

ful!Therimofyourglassiscracked.

ykneeagainsttheedgeofthestove.

’tgoneartheedgeoftheprecipice;youmaystumbleandtoppleover.

derbetweenthetwocountriesrunsalongthemountainridge.

edtheleftoversofthefoodontheedgeoftheplate.

itingthecomposition,besuretowriteineveryotherlineandleave

amargin.

etoywastakenaway,thegirlfoundherlfonthevergeoftears.

sorHillalwayswriteshiscommentsinthemarginsofhisstudents’papers.

s,amoderncityonthefringesoftheOrinocowilderness,isdominatedby

aprofusionofmotortraffic.

dissue,propodasawayoffinancingacentennialcelebration,failedby

anarrowmargin.

ndetectivewithahornrimmedglasswanderedthroughthegarden.

othepoormanagement,thisfirmwasnearlyonthevergeofbankruptcy.

edding,thoughthein-lawsontheouterfringesdidn’tenjoythemlvesas

muchas“theprivilegedgroup”,theatmospherewas,onthewhole,genialand

harmonious.

ecruitsaregoingtobenttoguardthefarmontheChinesideof

theborerwithBurma.

unggraduatesliketoworkinthepublishinghounownotbecauof

thefringebenefits[2]itoffers,butbecauofthepleasantworkingenvironmentit

providesforall.

assassinate,butcher,commitsuicide,execute,kill,massacre,murder,

slaughter

inate:murder(aruler,politician,etc)forpoliticalreasonsorreward行刺；暗

杀

r:butcherandslaughtercanbothrefertothekillingofanimalsforfood.

Slaughteristhepreferredterminthemeatindustry,possiblybecaubutcherhas

implicationsofbrutalityorbecaubutchercanalsoapplytothecuttingorcarvingof

,butcherusuallyindicatesasmall-scale

operation,whereasslaughtercanbettersuggestmasskillingaswell:

ashedinwhichthefarmerbutcheredlivestocktofeedhisownfamily

legislationtocontroltheslaughteringofcattleinabattoirs(屠场)

Bothwordstakeonextremelydisapprovingovertoneswhenappliedtothekillingof

rheresuggestsbungling(笨手笨脚的)inexpertnessorsadistic(施虐

狂的)brutality:

arapistwhohadbutcheredhisvictimwitharazor

Slaughterspecificallysuggeststhekillingofgreatnumbersofpeople:

Manypeopleareneedlesslyslaughteredeachyearinroadaccidents.每年都有许

多人在交通事故中无辜丧生。

e:canrefertocapitalpunishmentthatastateexactsinreprisal报复for

certaincrimes:

executedfortreason

Themanwhomurderedhiswifewaxecutedonthegallows,accordingtolaw.

Sometimesthewordcanrefertoanon-the-spotkillingofenemiesorprisonersbyan

opponent,asinawar,occupationorinsurrection(起义);here,thenotionoflegal

sanction(批准)maybeabnt

re:

this,itisclotooneaspectofslaughter,butitismorespecificinsuggestingthe

wholesaleandoftentotaldestructionofagroupofrelativelydefenlesspeopleby

another,asinwar,percutionorrevenge

:killunlawfully,especiallyonpurpo:

Headmittedthathehadaccidentallykilledhiswife,butdeniedthathehad

murderedherincoldblood.

Hyperbolically(夸张地),thewordcanpointtothemishandlingofanything:

expressionlessactorswhomurdertheirlines

gs,ratlikeanimals,havethehabitofperiodicallymassingtogetherina

largeherdandcommittingsuicidebyrushingintodeepwateranddrowning

themlves.

ilm“SonoftheMorningStar”,GeneralArmstrongCuster,themilitary

slaughtererwhomassacred/butcheredtheIndiansmercilessly,wasdramatizedas

aromantichero.

onumentwasbuilttocommemoratethesoldierskilledinaction.

etheteleviddebateonwhethertherehadbeenaconspiracy

toassassinatePresidentKennedy?

aneinvaderssackedandkilled/slaughtered/butcheredwantonly

whentheyadvancedacrossthecountryside.

elemperororderedtheman,whohadtriedtoassassinatehimtobe

executedbyslowdeath,ratherthatallowinghimtobeshotonthespot.

dle-agedmanadmittedthathehadaccidentallykilledhiswifebutdenied

thathehadmurderedherincoldblood.

thebutcherywhereallthelivestockisslaughteredforthemarket.

cticidethatcankillcockroachesimmediatelyisavailableinevery

departmentstore.

ingtothedirector,thenewactress,expressionlessandindifferent,

aresimplymurdering[3]thelines.