she comes first

更新时间:2022-11-23 07:17:31 阅读: 评论:0


2022年11月23日发(作者:形容词变副词)

名词性从句

1.名词性从句的概念:

在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。

首先,从句是一个句子,所以句子中要有主语和谓语。什么是从句:clau:agroupofwords

thatincludesasubjectandaverb,andformantenceorpartofantence.

其次,那么名词性从句就是在句子中做名词性成。

再次,因为英语中有主次之分,而这个句子是从属关系,所以就叫做从句。

2.那么我们初中学过什么样的名词性从句呢?

宾语从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,充当宾语的作用。

那么充当主语,表语和同位语中,名词从句又叫做什么呢?所以名词性从句可分为主语从句,

宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。

3考法提示:名词性从句考察最多的是连接词。

宾语从句

1宾语从句的连接词:

(1)Ithink__引导宾语从句时无意义,不

做句子成分,口语一般可以省略.

(2)Idon’tknow____/whether在从句中不承担

任何成分,但有具体含义“是否”。If和whether不能省略。

(3)Doyouknow____wonthegame?who

Hewantedtoknow____

Who,whatwhichwhomwhoever等这类词做连接代词。

(4)Thepoliceaskedme____

Iwanttoknow____

when,where,why,how,whenever连接副词。

2宾语从句中需要注意的问题

(1)that引导的宾语从句在下列情况下不可省略:

①短语,词组等将that从句与位于动词分开时:

IrealizedatoncethatIhaddonewrongimmediatelyshetoldmeallaboutthis.她告诉我所有的

一切,我就立即意识到我错了。

Everyonecoulde,Ibelieve,thatMikewasterrified.

②当一个句子中有两个或者多个宾语从句时,引导第二个及以后的从句that不可省略。

Ourteachersaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldwriteitout.

Thebosstoldtheworker(that)Johnhadworkedveryhardandthathewantedhimtostay.

(2)it作形式宾语

当宾语从句后面出现宾语补足语时,通常以it代替从句,而将从句后置,这时的that不可

省略。常用的这类动词有:think,find,consider,make,feel等。

Shefounditnecessarythatsheshouldlearnaforeignlanguage.

Wehavemadeitclearthatwewillrefutoaccepttheplan.

(3)不能直接跟that从句的动词(短语)

有些动词(短语)带宾语从句时要先在宾语从句前面加形式宾语it。常用的这类动词(短语)

有:enjoy,dislike,hate,like,love,appreciate,owe,eto,relyon,dependon等。

Iwillappreciateitifyoucangivemeahand.如果你能帮我一把,我会很感激的。

Pleaetoitthatthechildrengotobedby9o’clock.请务必使孩子们9点前上床睡觉。

(4)wonder,doubt,besure/certain后的宾语从句连接词的问题。

①wonder意为“对……感到惊奇”时,其后面的宾语从句的连接词用that;当wonder意为

“想知道,不知道”时,其后的宾语从句相当于一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,要用连接词what,

who,who,which,when,where,why,how,whether,of等引导。

Iwonderthatsuchlittleantscarrysobigabranch.

Iwonderwhetherwe’llfinishthetaskontime.

②doubt用于否定句或者疑问句中时,其后用that引导宾语从句,用于肯定句中时,其后用

whether或if引导宾语从句。

Idon’tdoubtthatshewillpassthecollegeentranceexamination.

Shedoubtedif/whetherthatwaswhathewanted.我怀疑那是不是他想要的。

③besure/certain用于肯定句或疑问句中时,其后用that引导的宾语从句,besure/certain用

于否定句中时,其后用whether,if,what,who,who,where,when,how等引导宾语从句。

Areyousure/certainthatit’snothingrious?你能肯定它不严重么?

I’msure/certainthatyoudidquitewellthatday.我确信那天你做得很棒。

Wearenotsure/certainwhethertheywillhelpusornot.我不确定他们是否帮我们。

Alvaisnotsure/certainwhatheshoulddonow.

(5)否定转移

当主句的主语为第一人称,且是一般现在时态,谓语是think,believe,surpri,imagine,guess,

expect等表示“认为,相信,猜测”等意义的动词,其后接宾语从句时,若从句表示否定,

常常将否定词not转移到主句中。

Idon’tthink(that)heisfitforthejob.

注意:

这类句子后若带有附加疑问词,应用肯定形式来反问,反问部分的主语应与从句主语保持一

致。

Idon’tbelieveshehasfinishedthejob,hasshe?

(6)宾语从句的时态呼应

①如果主语是祈使句或主句是现在时态或将来时态,从句的谓语动词不受主句谓语动词时

态的影响,可以根据需要使用任何时态。

Iknowhedidn’ttellyouthathewouldcome.

我知道他们有告诉你他那是要来。

Noonecanpredictwhattheworldwillbelikeinanotherfiftyyears.

②主句是一般过去时,从句是过去的某种时态(一般过去,过去进行,过去完成时);但是

如果宾语从句表达的是客观事实,真理,自然现象时,从句通常用一般现在时。

Theteachersaidthesunrisintheeastandtsinthewest.

HesaidhehadbeentoNewYork.

(7)宾语从句用陈述语序。

Iwonderwhathewillsaytomewhenmeetingme.

我不知道他见到我时会说什么。

(8)宾语从句用陈述语序。

Iwonderwhathewillsaytomewhenmeetingme.

我不知道他见到我会说什么。

(9)表示“建议,命令,要求,决定,主张”等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句

谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”,这类动词主要有insist,persist,demand,desire,require,

request,propo,suggest,command,order,recommend,advi等。

MyteacheradvisthatI(should)notwatchtoomuchTV.

表语从句

什么是表语从句:常常位于系动词之后,身份,性质,品质状态的词。名词,形容词,副词,

介词短语。

1表语从句的连接词:

①从属连词:连接词that和whether:that在从句中不作成分,也没有意义,不可省略;

whether在从句中不作成分,但是有“是否”,但是有是否的意义,一般不用if代替。

Thereasonforyourmistakeisthatyoulackconfidenceinyourlf.

Thequestioniswhetherwecanreducethecostoftheconduct.

②连接代词:who,whom,who,what,which,whomever,whoever,whatever,whichever等

Thisiswhatwewanttodo.

Chinaisnolongerwhatsheudtobe.

③连接副词:when,where,why,how,whenever,however等

Theirdifficultyiswheretheycanraienoughmoney.

Thequestionishowwecanpersuadehimtogowithme.

④其他连接词(词组)becau,asif,asthough等

Thatwasbecauhedidn’tunderstandme.

2表语从句中需要注意的问题

(1)asif/through引导的表语从句通常位于联系动词look,em,feel等之后,从句有陈述

和虚拟两种语气。若所表达的意思是真实的,就用陈述语气,若表示与客观事实相反的假设,

则用虚拟语气,试比较:

Itlooksasif/thoughitwouldrain.(虚拟语气)

Itlooksasif/thoughourtimeisgoingtowin.(陈述语气)

(2)that,why,becau引导的表语从句的区别:

①that,why,becau引导表语从句,表示原因的名词(reason,cau,)作句子主语时,其后

的表语从句常用that引导,不可用becau。

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemisdthefirstbusthismorning.

②becau引导的表语从句常用于That’sbecau……结构中,说明产生上述结果的原因,

why引导的名词性从句说明上述原因导致某种结果。

’sbecauIstayeduptoolatelastnight.(果—因)

’swhyIwaslateforschoolthismorning.(因—果)

(3)主句表示“建议,命令,要求(suggestion,advice,proposal,order,command,request

requirement,demand)”等的名词时,表语从句应该用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“should+

动词原形”,should可以省略。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)toffearlytomorrow.

Hisorderwasthatallthesoldiers(should)benttothefront.

练习题:

I选用适当的连接词填空。

1Thetroubleis_____utIhavelosthisnumber.

2Helookedjust_____hehadlookedtenyearsago.

3Itsounds____someoneisknockingatthewindow.

4Ithinkitis____youaredoingtoomuch.

5Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_____mymotherwillrecoverfromtheriousdiasoon.

5Allthiswasovertwentyyearsago,butitis____itwereonlyyesterday.

6That’s____hedidn’trecognizeme.

II用表语从句完成下列句子。

____________________________________________(他拒绝接受它的原因).

(why)

uestis_______________________________________(我们应努力工作).(that)

s____________________________________________(好像他不了解此事故).

III单项选择:

sonwhyhefailedis____hewastoocareless.

eof

hequiet,cleancountryside,whichis_____Iwanttogoandworkthere.

AwhatBhowCthatDwhy

3.—IdrovetoQingdaoforthenavyparade.

-Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?

主语从句

什么是主语从句:主从复合句中,充当主语的从句。(由宾语从句和表语从句中推倒得来)

Whathedidintheearthquakemovedeverybody.

That

1引导主语从句的三类连接词及其句法功能:

(1)that在从句中不充当句子成分,whether在从句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”

①That在从句中不充当句子成分,也无词义,但不可省略。

Thatshegotthefirstprizemadeherparentsveryhappy.

ThatChinawillbecomemorepowerfuliscertain.

②whether在从句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”。

Whetherwegotherebytrainorbyairmakesnodifference.

(2)连接代词:who,whom,who,what,which,whoever,ver“无论哪一个”

等。它们在从句中充当主语,宾语,表语或定语。

Whowillhostthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.

Whocarrunsfastershouldbetested.

Whichplanisbettershouldbediscusd.

WhoevercomestoChinaiswelcome.

Whateveryoudoshoulddoharmtoothers.

(3)连接副词:when,where,why,how,有词义,在从句中作状语,分别表示时间,地点,

原因和方式。

Whenandwherewewilltupthefactoryhasn’tbeendecided.

Whythesingercommittedsuicidehasnotbeenclearedyet.

Howthishappenedisnotcleartoanyone.

3用it作形式主语的主语从句

由于主语从句太长,为了避免头重脚轻,常常用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末。

常用的主要有五种句型:

①It+be+adj.(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,

probable,certain,uncertain,fortunate,ect.)+that从句

Itisclearthatthegirlwastellingthetruth.

②It+be+N.(apity,nowonder,anhonour,agoodidea,afact,ashame,ect.)+that从句

Itisapitythatyoucan’tgowithus.

③It+be+过去分词(said,believed,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,

confirmed,ect.)+that从句

ItisreportedthataviolentearthquakeandtsunamihappenedinJapan.

④It+vi.(短语)(em,turnout,happen,appear,ect.)+that从句

Ithappenedthathewasoutthatday.

⑤It+vt.+(worry,shock,etc.)+sb.+that从句

Itworriedheralotthathersonwassocrazyaboutcomputergames.

Itshockedmethathedidn’ttellanyonewherehewas.

注意:①过去分词如果是suggested,ordered,required,advid,requested,insisted等表示要求,

建议,命令等的词时,主语从句应用虚拟语气,即谓语动词应用“should+”动词原形的形

式。

Itissuggestedthatmeasures(should)betakentoimproveoureducation.

②当宾语或表语也为从句时,不能用it作形式主语。

Whatmovedusisthathelosthislifeinordertosaveothers.

4应用主语从句的注意事项:

(1)主语从句的语序总是用陈述语序:

Howhemanagedtosurviveintheforestinterestedeveryoneprent.

(2)时态与谓语动词的单复数

①如果主句是过去时态(一般过去时和过去进行时),那么从句的时态要用相应的过去的某

种时态。

Whatsurpridmemostwasthatlittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.

②单个主语从句作作主语,谓语动词一般用单数,但是what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓

语动词要根据后面的表语的单复数而确定。

Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetinghasnotbeendecided.

WhatIneedismoney.

WhatIneedarebooks.

③如果用and连接两个或者两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数,由两个或者多

个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。

Whentheywillstartandwheretheywillgohavenotbeendecidedyet.

Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.

(3)whether引导的主语从句,如果用了形式主语it,引导词whether可以换成if。

whether从句在句首或后面直接跟有ornot时,不能换成if。

Whethertheywillllthehouisnotyetdecided.(不可以换)

Itisnotdecidedyetwhethertheywillllthehou.(可以换)

注意:

Whether与if引导名词性从句的区别:

(1)当提出两种选择或与ornot直接连用时,用whether。

Wehaven’tdecidedwhetherwe’llgoorstay.

Idon’tknowwhetherornotmysonwillcomebackfordinner.

(2)在discusd后面用whether而不用if

Theydiscusdwhethertheyshouldlendusahand.

(3)whether可用在介词之后或带to的动词不定式之前,if则不能。

Ihaven’tttledthequestionofwhetherwe’llinvitehim.

WehadnoideawhethertogowithoutJaneorwaitforherawhile.

(4)whether可以引导表语从句和同位语从句,if则不能。

Theproblemiswhethershecansaveenoughmoney.

ThereissomedoubtwhetherJohnwillquithisprentjob.

练习题:

Ⅰ.选择题:

1用适当的连接词填空:

1Itisapity_____wecan’tgotoethemovieontheweekend.(that).

2Theylosttheirwayintheforestand______mademattersworwas___nightbegantofall.

(whatthat)

3_____hashelpedtosavepeopleinYushu,Qingdaoisworthpraising.(whoever)

4Itdoesn’tinterestme_______yousucceedornot.(whether)

5______ZhaiZhigangatehisfoodinspaceis________wewanttoknow.(what)

6______theywillhavesportsmeetingisstillaquestion,fortheyhavesomanythingstodo.

(when)

7______theywilltalkaboutthematterwon’,itistheattitude

nottheplacethatmatters.(where)

8______hedidn’tcomeyesterdayisunknown.(why)

9______oneisbetterwillbedecidedbyyourlf.(which)

10______willbeourEnglishteacherinthenewtermhasn’tbeendecidedyet.

选择题:

1._____asmuchasone-fifthofalltimberharvestedisnotud.

timatedthat

2._____somemammalscametoliveintheaisnotknown.

3._____wehaveachievedisattributedtotheguidanceofourparents.

4._____wealthydoesnotnecessarilymeanthatamanisgreedy.

is

gh_____happenedinthisdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccur

elwhereintheworld.

6._____shehadforgottentotakehernotebook.

urredthat

rredtoherthat

ethat_____shesaidiswrong.

ourwayintheforest,and_____mademattersworwasthatitwasgettingdark.

9._____somemammalscametoliveintheaisnotknown.

10._____ornotisstilluncertain.

’coming

rhe’scoming

’s_____he’llbeabletocome.

ulwhether

12._____heisatworkintheheartofthebigcityorathomeinthequietsuburb,Dick’slifeis

tiedtomachines.

13._____hesawbothsurpridandfrightenedhim.

14._____isaspellofwarmsunshine.

lweneed

allneed

15._____isapitythatheshouldfeelsoupt.

16._____aspoonfulofsoilcantellussomuchaboutthestructureandearlyhistoryofthemoon.

emarkably

markablefactthat

17._____younominatewillbeelected.

’s

18._____bookyouborrowmustbereturnedwithinaweek.

’s

19._____ofusgetshomefirststartscooking.

20._____ordershegivesareobeyed.

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