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口译笔记常用符号及缩略语
1.常用符号
(1)数学符号
数学符号可代替的意思
+加上、和、另外、除此之外(plus,and,inadditionto)
-减去、缺乏/少(minus,lack,inshortof/inshortageof,etc)
×错误、不、坏的(wrong/incorrect,somethingbad,notorious,negative,not,etc.)
√对的、好的、积极的,表示赞成(correct,good,positive,affirmative)
>多于、超过(bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,surpass,superiorto,etc.)
<少于、不如、逊色于(less/smaller/fewerthan,worthan,inferiorto,etc.)
≥大于或等于、不少于(morethanorequalto,nolessthan)
≤小于或等于、不多于(lessthanorequalto,nomorethan)
=同等、相当于、一致、公平(means,thatistosay,inotherwords,thesameas,beequalto)
也表示“对手”的概念(amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.)
≠不同于(bedifferentfrom,etc.);表示“无敌”概念(matchless,peerless,etc.)
≈大约(about/around,approximately,orso,etc.)
Є属于(belongto)
()在……之间(among,within,etc.);包括、包含、涉及、组成(include,within,contain,consist,
compo,constitute,cover,enclo)
(
)
表示“并列”的关系
/否定、消除(crossout,eliminate,etc.)
∵由于、因为、幸亏(becau,dueto,thanksto,as,owingto)
∴所以、因此、结果是(so,therefore,asaresult,conquently)
⊥在……基础上(badon),影响、效果、压力、负担(influence,effect,impact,pressure,stress,
burden,load)
表示“总值”(total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,etc.)
(2)标点符号
标点符号可代替的意思
:表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词,如
1)meet,view,e,look,obrve,watch,glance,stare,notice,glimp,scan,skim,perceive,
witness,discover,gaze,catchsightof;
2)speak,say,state,tell,announce,maintain,claim,disclaim,affirm,address,declare,suggest,
imply,mention,speech,talk,lecture,dialogue,conversation,elaboration,explain,outline,
interview,asrt,express,proclaim,argue,promulgate,utter,acknowledge,inform,confess,
impart,notify,introduce,report,broadcast,define;
3)think,consider,regard,ponder,conceiveperceive,suppo,imagine,mediate,reckon,
deliberate,speculate,contemplate;
4)comment,criticize,remark,appreciate,evaluate;
5)understand,comprehend,recognize,feel,reflect,show,demonstrate,display,mirror,indicate,
mean,reveal
问题、疑问(question,issue,doubt)例如,台湾问题:tw?也可表示“问”(ask)
question,problem,issue,inquiry,interrogate,ask,puzzle,query,confud,mystery,bewildered
2
•(dot)位置不同表示的概念也不一样,如“·d”表示yesterday,“·y”表示lastyear,“·2m”表示two
monthsago。“y”表示thisyear,“2y·”twoyearlater.“nextweek”,可以表示为“wk·”
!(感叹号)用来引起注意,表示“危险”、“警告”、“当心”或者“值得注意的是”
1)dangerous,warning,alarming,alert,hazardous,perilous,jeopardy,watchout
2)sure,certainly,ofcour
“”所谓的(socalled)
(3)图形符号
图形符号可代替的意思
∥表示转折(but,however,although,nevertheless)
☆重要的,突出的,伟大的
1)important,significant,key,crucial,critical,meaningful,esntial,decisive,eventful,influential,
substantial,conquential,principle,ofgreatimportance;
2)outstanding,distinguished,marked,remarkable,notable,excellent,perfect,eminent,famous,
well-known,well-recognized,great,prominent,prestigious,extraordinary,glorious,noteworthy,
grand,magnificent;
3)wonderful,terrific,fantastic,fabulousmarvelous;
4)chief,primary,main,major,dominant,overwhelming,most
表示“强调”
emphasize,stress,focus,underscore,underline,accentuate,highlight,attachgreatimportanceto,
laystresson,payattentionto
˚表示“人”(person,people),因为它看起来像个人头。一般不单独用,而是用在单词、符
号或者字母的右上角,比如“中国人”可以写成“中˚”,“美国人”(US˚),“政客/政
治家”(政˚),“老师”(T˚或者教˚)
因为看起来像圆形的会议桌,所以常用来表示“会议、开会、讨论或谈判”等,或者会议性
的机构。
conference,symposium,convention,ssion,forum,minar,council,congress,meeting,
asmbly,gathering,committee,commission,association,union,nate,parliament,convocation,
discussion,negotiation
○全部,整个的,所有的,完整的,彻底的
whole,total,overall,general,entire,gross,universal,integral,unification,onthewhole,allinall
国家、民族(country,state,nation,republic,kingdom,federal,union)
∪因形状看起来像酒杯,表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”(agreement,
accord,treaty,contract)。因此,“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别
在∪里面加上2、3或者m(多)。
$表示“金钱”、“财富”(money,wealth)
∞交流、交换、关系、相互的(communication,relationship,relation,partnership,interrelation,
communicate,exchange,interchange,interact,eachother)
&和、与(and,togetherwith,alongwith,accompany,alongwith,etc.
#表示“结束”(end,stop,halt,bringsthtoastandstill/stop,etc.)
∟加在动词下表示“将来的动作”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“……以来”(since…)
加在动词下表示“过去的动作”、“……过”或“……了”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示
“过去……年/月天(last,past)”
∧顶点,顶级;领导
1)top,head,tip,peak,uttermost,maximum,climax,supreme,crown;
3
2)leader,head(man),director,chancellor,boss,manager,officer,captain,king,queen,emperor,
empress,majesty,dictator,ruler,commander,governor,mayor,administrator,supervisor,monitor,
minister
﹋
曲折的、不平坦的;或者名词“道路”
1)curve,frustration,bumpy,twistsandturns
2)way,approach,road
悲伤,不愉快,不高兴(sad,unhappy,sorry,regretful,unpleasant,etc)
☺
高兴,荣幸,愉快(glad,happy,pleasant,pleasure,joy,plead,honored,etc)
…
1)many,much,numerous,uncountable,countless,enormous,abundant,mass,considerable,
innumerable,agreatdeal,agreatnumberof,alotof,lotsof,quantitiesof,plentyof
2)last,continue,go,constant,concutive,continuous,persist,endless,everlasting,eternal,
frequent,permanent,keepon,allalong,forever
(类似该
符号的闪
电符号)
剧烈的,猛烈的
dramatic,sharp,huge,great,fierce,etc
(4)箭头符号
箭头符号可代替的意思
表示“到……方向去”、“出口到”、“到达”、“提交”或者“导致”(goto/into,
arriveat/in,giveto,ndto,prentto,leadto,resultin,cau,inthedirectionof,submitto,
etc.)
表示“来自于”、“从……进口”(be/comefrom,return,receivefrom,importfrom,etc.)
或者表示“追溯到”(come/gobackto,originate)
表示“上升”、“发展”、“增加”、“加强”、“上涨”等(up/upward/ri,advance,ari,
ascend,boost,bringup,climb,develop,elevate,escalate,enhance,exalt,goup,grow,give
boostto,heighten,improve,increa,lift,nourish,promote,roar,rai,ri,strengthen,stand
up,update,upgrade,etc.)
表示“减少”、“下降”、“降低”、“贬值”等(cutdown,decline,decrea,descend,devalue,
degrade,devaluate,depreciate,diminish,dropto,fall,godown,lower,lesn,reduce,sink,
weaken)
☺越来越多/高/好(moreandmore,higherandhigher,strongerandstronger,etc)
越来越少/低/差(fewerandfewer,lessandless,lowerandlower,etc)
↓1)influence,effect,affect,impact,havebearingon
2)pressure,stress,burden,load
2.常用缩略语:
(1)英文字母
英文字母可代替的单词英文字母可代替的单词
bbut但是(也可以用符号//表示)n取汉语俚语“n多”,很多个
(many,much,veral)
ccentury世纪,如“21世纪”可以写成21cppolitics,party政治,政党,政权
dday天rreform改革
eeconomy,economic,economics经济sscience科学
ffinance,financial金融ttechnology技术,ST常一起用
ggovernment政府uyou你,你们
hhour小时,希望vvictory胜利,成功
4
I我Wweek星期
mmonth月Yyear年
KKorea朝鲜,竖线上面划一横线,表示北朝鲜,下边划一横线表示南朝鲜(韩国)
(2)保留前几个字母
缩略形式可代替的单词缩略形式
ASAPassoonaspossibleindindividual个人
AMAPasmuch/manyaspossibleinfoinformation信息
Cocompany,corporation公司infrainfrastructure基础设施
comcommunity社区,社团,社会I/OInsteadof
comucommunication交流teltelephone电话
certcertificate证书trtrade贸易
edueducation教育maxmaximum最多
egforexample举例minminimum最少
espespecially尤其
(3)拿掉所有元音
缩略形式可代替的单词缩略形式可代替的单词
ACPTacceptMSGmessage
ADadvertimentRCVreceive
ADSaddressRMroom
BZ(或biz)businessSTDstandard
DEPTdepartmentTKSThanks
MKTmarkettxtax税收
MGRmanagerWKweek
(4)根据发音
缩略形式可代替的单词缩略形式可代替的单词
UYouTHOthough
URYourTHRUthrough
(5)惯用缩写
缩略形式可代替的单词
cfcompare比较
vsagainst
stosay
(6)保留每个单词的首字母
缩略形式可代替的单词
SOEState-ownedEnterpri国有企业
NPCNationalPeople’sCongress人民代表大会
PCpressconference记者招待会
APECAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation亚太经济合作组织
WTOWorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织
WorldTourismOrganization
ITInformationTechnology
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