criticize

更新时间:2022-12-27 23:19:04 阅读: 评论:0


2022年12月27日发(作者:放松心情的方法)

1

口译笔记常用符号及缩略语

1.常用符号

(1)数学符号

数学符号可代替的意思

+加上、和、另外、除此之外(plus,and,inadditionto)

-减去、缺乏/少(minus,lack,inshortof/inshortageof,etc)

×错误、不、坏的(wrong/incorrect,somethingbad,notorious,negative,not,etc.)

√对的、好的、积极的,表示赞成(correct,good,positive,affirmative)

>多于、超过(bigger/larger/greater/morethan/betterthan,surpass,superiorto,etc.)

<少于、不如、逊色于(less/smaller/fewerthan,worthan,inferiorto,etc.)

≥大于或等于、不少于(morethanorequalto,nolessthan)

≤小于或等于、不多于(lessthanorequalto,nomorethan)

=同等、相当于、一致、公平(means,thatistosay,inotherwords,thesameas,beequalto)

也表示“对手”的概念(amatch,rival,competitor,counterpart,etc.)

≠不同于(bedifferentfrom,etc.);表示“无敌”概念(matchless,peerless,etc.)

≈大约(about/around,approximately,orso,etc.)

Є属于(belongto)

()在……之间(among,within,etc.);包括、包含、涉及、组成(include,within,contain,consist,

compo,constitute,cover,enclo)

(

)

表示“并列”的关系

/否定、消除(crossout,eliminate,etc.)

∵由于、因为、幸亏(becau,dueto,thanksto,as,owingto)

∴所以、因此、结果是(so,therefore,asaresult,conquently)

⊥在……基础上(badon),影响、效果、压力、负担(influence,effect,impact,pressure,stress,

burden,load)

表示“总值”(total,totally,entire,entirely,onthewhole,allinall,tosumup,etc.)

(2)标点符号

标点符号可代替的意思

:表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词,如

1)meet,view,e,look,obrve,watch,glance,stare,notice,glimp,scan,skim,perceive,

witness,discover,gaze,catchsightof;

2)speak,say,state,tell,announce,maintain,claim,disclaim,affirm,address,declare,suggest,

imply,mention,speech,talk,lecture,dialogue,conversation,elaboration,explain,outline,

interview,asrt,express,proclaim,argue,promulgate,utter,acknowledge,inform,confess,

impart,notify,introduce,report,broadcast,define;

3)think,consider,regard,ponder,conceiveperceive,suppo,imagine,mediate,reckon,

deliberate,speculate,contemplate;

4)comment,criticize,remark,appreciate,evaluate;

5)understand,comprehend,recognize,feel,reflect,show,demonstrate,display,mirror,indicate,

mean,reveal

问题、疑问(question,issue,doubt)例如,台湾问题:tw?也可表示“问”(ask)

question,problem,issue,inquiry,interrogate,ask,puzzle,query,confud,mystery,bewildered

2

•(dot)位置不同表示的概念也不一样,如“·d”表示yesterday,“·y”表示lastyear,“·2m”表示two

monthsago。“y”表示thisyear,“2y·”twoyearlater.“nextweek”,可以表示为“wk·”

!(感叹号)用来引起注意,表示“危险”、“警告”、“当心”或者“值得注意的是”

1)dangerous,warning,alarming,alert,hazardous,perilous,jeopardy,watchout

2)sure,certainly,ofcour

“”所谓的(socalled)

(3)图形符号

图形符号可代替的意思

∥表示转折(but,however,although,nevertheless)

☆重要的,突出的,伟大的

1)important,significant,key,crucial,critical,meaningful,esntial,decisive,eventful,influential,

substantial,conquential,principle,ofgreatimportance;

2)outstanding,distinguished,marked,remarkable,notable,excellent,perfect,eminent,famous,

well-known,well-recognized,great,prominent,prestigious,extraordinary,glorious,noteworthy,

grand,magnificent;

3)wonderful,terrific,fantastic,fabulousmarvelous;

4)chief,primary,main,major,dominant,overwhelming,most

表示“强调”

emphasize,stress,focus,underscore,underline,accentuate,highlight,attachgreatimportanceto,

laystresson,payattentionto

˚表示“人”(person,people),因为它看起来像个人头。一般不单独用,而是用在单词、符

号或者字母的右上角,比如“中国人”可以写成“中˚”,“美国人”(US˚),“政客/政

治家”(政˚),“老师”(T˚或者教˚)

因为看起来像圆形的会议桌,所以常用来表示“会议、开会、讨论或谈判”等,或者会议性

的机构。

conference,symposium,convention,ssion,forum,minar,council,congress,meeting,

asmbly,gathering,committee,commission,association,union,nate,parliament,convocation,

discussion,negotiation

○全部,整个的,所有的,完整的,彻底的

whole,total,overall,general,entire,gross,universal,integral,unification,onthewhole,allinall

国家、民族(country,state,nation,republic,kingdom,federal,union)

∪因形状看起来像酒杯,表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”(agreement,

accord,treaty,contract)。因此,“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别

在∪里面加上2、3或者m(多)。

$表示“金钱”、“财富”(money,wealth)

∞交流、交换、关系、相互的(communication,relationship,relation,partnership,interrelation,

communicate,exchange,interchange,interact,eachother)

&和、与(and,togetherwith,alongwith,accompany,alongwith,etc.

#表示“结束”(end,stop,halt,bringsthtoastandstill/stop,etc.)

∟加在动词下表示“将来的动作”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“……以来”(since…)

加在动词下表示“过去的动作”、“……过”或“……了”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示

“过去……年/月天(last,past)”

∧顶点,顶级;领导

1)top,head,tip,peak,uttermost,maximum,climax,supreme,crown;

3

2)leader,head(man),director,chancellor,boss,manager,officer,captain,king,queen,emperor,

empress,majesty,dictator,ruler,commander,governor,mayor,administrator,supervisor,monitor,

minister

曲折的、不平坦的;或者名词“道路”

1)curve,frustration,bumpy,twistsandturns

2)way,approach,road

悲伤,不愉快,不高兴(sad,unhappy,sorry,regretful,unpleasant,etc)

高兴,荣幸,愉快(glad,happy,pleasant,pleasure,joy,plead,honored,etc)

1)many,much,numerous,uncountable,countless,enormous,abundant,mass,considerable,

innumerable,agreatdeal,agreatnumberof,alotof,lotsof,quantitiesof,plentyof

2)last,continue,go,constant,concutive,continuous,persist,endless,everlasting,eternal,

frequent,permanent,keepon,allalong,forever

(类似该

符号的闪

电符号)

剧烈的,猛烈的

dramatic,sharp,huge,great,fierce,etc

(4)箭头符号

箭头符号可代替的意思

表示“到……方向去”、“出口到”、“到达”、“提交”或者“导致”(goto/into,

arriveat/in,giveto,ndto,prentto,leadto,resultin,cau,inthedirectionof,submitto,

etc.)

表示“来自于”、“从……进口”(be/comefrom,return,receivefrom,importfrom,etc.)

或者表示“追溯到”(come/gobackto,originate)

表示“上升”、“发展”、“增加”、“加强”、“上涨”等(up/upward/ri,advance,ari,

ascend,boost,bringup,climb,develop,elevate,escalate,enhance,exalt,goup,grow,give

boostto,heighten,improve,increa,lift,nourish,promote,roar,rai,ri,strengthen,stand

up,update,upgrade,etc.)

表示“减少”、“下降”、“降低”、“贬值”等(cutdown,decline,decrea,descend,devalue,

degrade,devaluate,depreciate,diminish,dropto,fall,godown,lower,lesn,reduce,sink,

weaken)

☺越来越多/高/好(moreandmore,higherandhigher,strongerandstronger,etc)

越来越少/低/差(fewerandfewer,lessandless,lowerandlower,etc)

↓1)influence,effect,affect,impact,havebearingon

2)pressure,stress,burden,load

2.常用缩略语:

(1)英文字母

英文字母可代替的单词英文字母可代替的单词

bbut但是(也可以用符号//表示)n取汉语俚语“n多”,很多个

(many,much,veral)

ccentury世纪,如“21世纪”可以写成21cppolitics,party政治,政党,政权

dday天rreform改革

eeconomy,economic,economics经济sscience科学

ffinance,financial金融ttechnology技术,ST常一起用

ggovernment政府uyou你,你们

hhour小时,希望vvictory胜利,成功

4

I我Wweek星期

mmonth月Yyear年

KKorea朝鲜,竖线上面划一横线,表示北朝鲜,下边划一横线表示南朝鲜(韩国)

(2)保留前几个字母

缩略形式可代替的单词缩略形式

ASAPassoonaspossibleindindividual个人

AMAPasmuch/manyaspossibleinfoinformation信息

Cocompany,corporation公司infrainfrastructure基础设施

comcommunity社区,社团,社会I/OInsteadof

comucommunication交流teltelephone电话

certcertificate证书trtrade贸易

edueducation教育maxmaximum最多

egforexample举例minminimum最少

espespecially尤其

(3)拿掉所有元音

缩略形式可代替的单词缩略形式可代替的单词

ACPTacceptMSGmessage

ADadvertimentRCVreceive

ADSaddressRMroom

BZ(或biz)businessSTDstandard

DEPTdepartmentTKSThanks

MKTmarkettxtax税收

MGRmanagerWKweek

(4)根据发音

缩略形式可代替的单词缩略形式可代替的单词

UYouTHOthough

URYourTHRUthrough

(5)惯用缩写

缩略形式可代替的单词

cfcompare比较

vsagainst

stosay

(6)保留每个单词的首字母

缩略形式可代替的单词

SOEState-ownedEnterpri国有企业

NPCNationalPeople’sCongress人民代表大会

PCpressconference记者招待会

APECAsia-PacificEconomicCooperation亚太经济合作组织

WTOWorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织

WorldTourismOrganization

ITInformationTechnology

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