conversion

Conversion词性的转换

Aims:howtouthetechniqueof

conversionintheprocessoftranslation

Keypoints:definitionofconversion,

applicationofconversion

Difficulties:applicationof

conversionintheprocessoftranslation

Teachingprocedures:

Generallyspeaking,atranslatorisnot

suppodtochangethepartsofspeech

词性oftheoriginalworkatwill.

However,becauEnglishandChineare

twoentirelydifferentlanguages,a

translatorshouldnotfollowtheparts

ofspeechoftheoriginalmechanically.

Asamatteroffact,awordinone

languagebelongingtoacertainpartof

speechhasoftentobeconvertedintoa

differentpartofspeechtoconformto

theusageofthelanguagetobe

siswhat

“conversion”means.

•Soby“conversion”wemeanthatin

translationawordinthesource

languagebelongingtoacertainpartof

speechisnotnecessarilytobeturned

intothesamepartofspeechinthe

targetlanguage.

•Conversionisoneoftheimportant

techniquesandisneededprimarilyby

thedifferenceinsyntacticsyntactic

adj.依据造句法的structureand

idiomaticwaysinthetwolanguages.

That‘stosayEnglishandChine

differgreatlyinmannerofexpression.

•Chine:moreverbsandfewernounsand

prepositionsareudthaninEnglish.

•English:morenounsandprepositions

andfewerverbsareudthaninChine.

•Thisphenomenonappearstobejusta

differenceintheuofdifferentparts

ofspeech,butinfactitshowsthe

specialfeaturesofeitherlanguagein

diction,syntax,conventionalwaysof

expression,etc.

•Secondly,asinthecaofEnglish,

somewordsinnounsoradjectiveforms

areoftenudtoexpresstheideaof

action,thusrvingasverbs.

***hnounsintoChineverbs

orviceversa

•(1)EnglishintoChine

•TheChinelanguagehasantence

constructionwithconcutiv连续的,联

贯的predicates谓语bywhichverbscan

beudfreely,soitoftenoccursthat

veralverbsappearinarowina

mple:

•pinessofhavingsuchasister

wastheirfirsteffusion,andthefair

ladiesmingledinembracesandtearsof

joy.

•她们首先倾吐了要做姑嫂的喜悦,两位小姐

高兴地一次次拥抱,洒下了欣喜的泪花.

•ughtoftheterriblescenemade

hisfleshcreep.

•一想到那可怕的景象他就毛骨悚然.

•licationofcomputersmakes

foratremendousriinlabor

productivity.

•使用计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率.

•nhasnosuchnatural

protectionfromafloodofHollywood

products.

•英国没有这种天然的保护来阻挡好来坞影

片长驱直入.

•convictionn.深信,确信,定

罪,宣告有罪thatthoughmenmaybeno

morewickedthantheyalwayshavebeen,

theyemlesslikelytobeashamed.1，

convictionn.深信,确信,定罪,宣告有

罪2，wickedadj.坏的,邪恶的,缺德的,

不道德的,恶劣的,刻毒的,淘气的

•我相信,人们虽然未必比以前还要不讲道德,

但似乎要比以前更加不知羞耻.

(2)ChineintoEnglish

•eg.1据商业部最近预测,今年全国市场需

要家用电冰箱一百万台,十年内将持续增

长.

•Nationaldemandforhomerefrigerators,

estimatedatonemillionthisyear,will

keeprisingwithinthenexttenyears,

accordingtoarecentforecastbythe

ministryofCommerce.

•eg.2我未必会教你游泳,我想我的小弟弟

比我教得好.

•IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.

Ithinkmylittlebrotherisabetter

teacherthanI.

hprepositionsintoChine

verbsorviceversa

•Inmanycas,prepositionsinEnglish

canbeudtoreplaceChineverbs.

ThismethodcanmakeourEnglish

translationterandcomplywith

mple:

•athisfacewaspale.I

followedhiyesandlookedacrossthe

roomtoawomanwhowasttingatray

ofdrinks

beforesomecustomers.

•我见他脸色煞白.我循着他的目光,看见餐

厅那边有个女人端着托盘给几位客人上饮

料.

•Sothefollowingexampleswillreveal

theimportanceofconversionfrom

EnglishprepositionsintoChineverbs

andviceversa.

•!”Awaysheskimmedoverthe

lawn,upthepath,upthesteps,across

theveranda,.阳台,走廊andintothe

porch.

•puterisofhighnsibility.

Sensibilityn.敏感性

•epartsofirregularshapecan

bewashedverycleanbyultrasonics.

ultrasonicsn.超音波学

•4Theshaft转动轴turnsaboutitsaxis.

sionofEnglishadjectivesto

Chineverbs

•(1)EnglishintoChine

•SomeAdjectivesInEnglishthatform

Completepredicateswithlinkverbs

shouldbeconvertedtoverbsinChine.

Theydenotevt.指示,表示such

Psychologicalstatesasperception感觉,

ntimentntimentn.情操,情感,情绪,

观点,多愁善感,感情,conception,

desire,mple:

•eunemploymenthigh,the

dollarlow,andthestockmarketin

distress,theeconomybecamethe

President’ssternest严峻的trial.

•随着失业人数的增长,美圆的贬值,股票市

场的不景气,经济问题成了总统最严峻的考

验.

•udentisnotcontentwithhis

progress.

•这个学生不满足于自己所取得的进步.

•tthatshewasabletonda

dtobe

cautious.

•她能够给我带信这件事是个暗示.但我还得

小心谨慎才是.

•shavesaidthattheyarenot

suretheycansavehislife.

•医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命.

•Suchadjectivesincommonuinclude:

convinced相信

certain确定glad高兴

afraid害怕

anxious渴望doubtful怀疑

aware觉察

ashamed惭愧careful当心

delighted

sorry可惜ignorant不知道

thankful感谢

confident深信content满足

(2)ChinetoEnglish

1.他非常热爱科学研究,但对晋级提升毫

无兴趣.

•Heiskeenonscientificrearchbut

indifferenttopromotion.

•2.她宽宏大量,富于同情心,并且顺从听

话.

•Sheistolerant,sympatheticand

obedient.

(4)ConversionofnounsinChineto

verbsInEnglishandViceversa

•Intranslationitoftenhappensthat

ChineVerbsareconvertedtoEnglish

rcashowever,the

oppositeistrue,thatis,Chine

nounsareconvertedtoEnglishverbs.

Forexample:

•(1)ChinetoEnglish

•1.在张家界时我们看到一个高耸的岩石,

它的形状像是一根金鞭.

•WhenwewereatZhangjiajie,wesawa

toweringtowering.高耸的,杰出的,激

烈的rockwhichwasshapedlikeagolden

whip.

•2.气体和固体的区别,在于前者比后者有

更大的

压缩性.

•Gasdifferfromsolidsinthatthe

formerhavegreatercompressibility

thanthelatter.

•3我本不敢开口提这事,可是他信里的口

气十分严厉.

•Ididn’treallywanttomentionit,but

hesoundedveryriousinhisletter.

•4.这类计算机的发明是他们在科学中所取

得的伟大成就的象征.

•Theinventionofthiskindofcomputers

symbolizesthegreatachievementsthey

havemadeinscience.

(2)EnglishtoChine

•ductsofthissmallfactory

arecharacterizedbytheirfine

workmanshipanddurability.

•这个小厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛,经久

耐用.

•rationofamachineneedssome

knowledgeofitsperformance.

•操作机器需要懂得机器的一些性能.

•umeoftradehasincread

tremendously,theadvantageofboth

countries.

•贸易额有了很大的增长,这给两国都带来了

好处.

5WhennounsinEnglisharetranslated

intoverbsinChine,theadjectives

modifyingtheformerareusuallychanged

toadverbsintheotherlanguage.

•onallyadrizzlecamedown,

andtheintermittentflashesof

lighteningmadeusturnapprehensive

glancestowardZero.

•偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得

我们不时忧虑地朝着零区方向望去。

•Meanwhile,intranslation,owingto

thedifferentwaysofexpressioninthe

twolanguages,Englishadjectivesmay

beturnedintoChineadverbsandvice

mple:

•HespoketotheminhesitantFrench.

•他结结巴巴地用法语向他们说。

•Thisissheernonn.

•这完全是胡说。

•Buckleywasinaclearminority.

•巴克利显然属于少数。

sionofEnglishobjectto

Chinesubjectandviceversa

•mobilemusthaveabrake

withhighefficiency.

•汽车的煞车必须高度有效.

•Themechanicalenergycanbechanged

backintoelectricalenergybymeansof

agenerator.

•利用发电机可以把机械能再转变成电能.

TranslatethefollowingintoChineand

payattentiontotheconversion

•trangertotheoperationof

theelectroniccomputer.

•denvoyageofthenewly-built

steamshipwasasuccess.

•ctroniccomputerischiefly

characterizedbyaccuracyandquick

computation.

•madeacarefulstudyofthe

propertiesofthechemicalelements.

Addition

•nddrank,forhewas

exhausted.

•他吃点东西,喝点酒,因为他疲惫不堪了.

•ionwillmakemetalsrusty.

•氧化作用会使金属生锈.

•uteproblemxistamongthem.

•他们之间存在着非常尖锐的种种问题.

•Theydroveinablacklimousine,past

grovesofbirchtreesandendlessrows

ofidenticalnewbuilding.

•他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车,经过一丛丛的白桦

树和看不到尽头的一排排式样相同的新住

宅.

•Inflationhasnowreachedunprecedented

level.

•通货膨胀现在已经发展到空前严重的地步.

Ellipsis

•isofpronouns

•AsIlayawake,IrealizedthatIwasin

trouble.

•我醒来,躺在地上,明白自己的处境不妙.

•Iam78yearsold,Ihavebeenconfined

tomyroomwithaparalyticstokeforthe

past14months.

•我78岁了,由于患了瘫痪性中风,14个月来

一直出不了门.

Ellipsisofconjunctions

•Icandoit,andsocanyou.

•我能做,你也能做.

•Hestudiedinthecollegefortwoyears,

andthenhewenttojointhearmy.

•他在大学念了两年书,后来就去参军了.

•Whentheboardwasspinningslowly,you

couldeallthedifferentcolors.

•纸板慢慢旋转,你就能看出各种不同的颜

色.

Ellipsisofarticles

•Asoldiershouldbeloyaltohiscountry.

•士兵应该效忠祖国.

•Thecrocodileisadangerousanimal.

•鳄鱼是危险的动物.

•Ellipsisofprepositions

•OnAugust16,1983,theystartedforthe

Southtoektheirfortune.

•1983年8月16日,他们动身去南方寻求生

路.

Ellipsisfromtheperspectiveof

rhetoric

•Hewasarrested,convictedand

ntencestoprison.

他已被捕判刑,监禁在狱.

WilliamSidneyPorter,whoisknown

underhispenname,,isoneof

thebestknownwriterofAmerica.

威廉.悉尼.波特尔,笔名欧.亨利,为美国

最知名的作家之一.

Translatethentences

•1Thehumanbrainweighsthreepounds,

butinthatthreepoundsaretenbillion

neuronsandahundredbillionsmaller

cells.

•ferencebetweenmeandthe

daughterswasthattheysawme,becau

ofmyx,asdestinedfrombirthto

becomeliketheirfathers,andtherefore

asanenemytotheirdesires.

•dbeautifuleyes,othersa

beautifulno,othersabeautifulmouth

andfigure:few,ifany,hadall.

•adlyinlovewithher,andshe

withme.

•5Inamomentshereappearedtohurlmy

changeandtheticketonthecounterwith

suchforcemostofitfellonthefloor

atmyfeet.

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