1.This,The,That,Tho作代词的用法
180“Whatisthis(指近处的东西)?”“It'sanapple.”(在回答时不要再重复
this)
“Whatisthat(指远处的东西)?”“It(不要说That)isapear.”(对比)
“Whatarethe(this的复数形式)?”“They(不要说The)arehors.
“Whataretho(that的复数形式)?”“Theyaredonkeys.”
“Whatisthis,andwhatisthat?”“Thisisanappleandthatisapear.”(对比)
181Abeggarcame,andhe(不能说this或that)askedformoney.
(除了下面情况外从不用this或that代表人)
ThisisMr.Tanaka.ThisisMr.Sasaki.(介绍见面)
Hello,isthatJane?(英国说法)Hello,isthisJane?(美国说法)(电话用语)
Stopcryingandthat(orthere)isagoodboy!
Thowho(为hewho或onewho的复数形式)comearemyfriends.
Tho(=Thepeople)there(orcominghere)areJews.
(Heis)Handsomeboy,that!(为了强调而重复)
182This和that可以指具体的东西:Hegavemeonedollar,andthis(more
emphaticthanit)wasallhehad.
183This和that也可表示抽象的东西:
Hetalkedoffreedom,justiceandallthat.
也可指品质:
Ilikeaman(ormen)likethis(orthat),suchaman(ormen)asthis(orthat).
184还可和某些介词连用,有特定的意思:
Atthis(=Seeingorhearingthis),hebecameangry.Withthis(=Sosaying),heleft.
Uponthis(=Andthen),heshookhishead.
Afterthis(=Afterthisincident,thistime),hebecamemorecareful.
Sincethat(=Sincethattime),Ihavenevermetanyfriend.185偶有下面用法:
Getoutofthis(=thisplace).(少见)
Hemusthavearrivedbythis(=thistime).(少见)186也可表示某些事物:
Heknowsthis,thatandtheother(matter).
Somebelieveinthis,somebelieveinthat.
Idon'tsayanythingagainstMr.thisorMrs.That.Thecameforpaper,thofor
pens,othersforink.187也可指前面刚提到的东西:
Hehasgoodintention,butthat(指前句表示的内容)isnote-nough.
Iwilllearnmusic,Iknowthis(=learningmusic)isnoteasy.188有时和and连用:
Youmustdoit,andthat(=andyoumustdoit)immediately(oratonce).
Hedecidestobeadoctorandthat(=andhedecidestobeadoctor)afterhegets
married.
Hehasmanygooddogsandthe(=andhehas)verysmallones.
Heisadoctorandawell-knownoneatthat(而且又是一个有名的医生).
Hehasacar,andaverylargecaratthat.
Heknowsnothingexceptmusic,andverylittleatthat.
Peoplewerekilledandthousandsofthematthat.
189That可以代表前面所提的东西,而this代表即将谈的东西:
Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.(that指tobeornottobe.)
“Youcandependonme.”Thatwaswhathesaid.
Thisisaquestion:togoortostay?(this指togoortostay)
WhatIcansayisthis:Youcandependonme.
Coffee,cigarsandliquor:thearemyfriends.
190在某些词组中,that比this用得多:
Thatisbecauyoudon'tknowyourlf.
Thatiswhyyoufailed.ThatishowImadeit.So(orAnd)that'sthat.
That'sall.Thatwilldo.)That'sagoodboy.Whatofthat?
Thatis(tosay).Forallthat.Andthat.Andallthat.
191That和tho还有下面这些特殊用法:
Hehasthat(=Hehassomething)inhischaracterwhichpuz-zlesme.(书面语)
Therewasthat(=Therewassomething)inhiswayofspeak-ing.
Hesawthat(=something)inherfacewhichmadehimafraid.
Thereisthat(=Thereissomeone)whoknowsthecret.(少见)
Thereweretho(=people)whosaid“no”.(这样用时较多)
Heknewthowhowereoppodtohim.
192This有时用来表示“后者”,that表示“前者”:
Thegunismoreimportantthanthepen.This(=Thelatter,Thepen)cannotdowithout
that(=theformer,thegun).
EnglishandChineareourschoolsubjects.Thisemsharderthanthat.
WestudyEnglish,Chine,geography,historyandmathemat-ics.Thislast(=or
Thislatter)isthehardest.
193That和tho若跟有介词短语,可用来代表前面提的东西,以避免重复,
等于“the+前面那个名词”:
ThenovelbyDickensisbetterthanthat(=thenovel)byWells.(that代表
“the+noun”)
ThenovelsbyDickensarebetterthanthobyWells.
Thedoorofhishouislikethatofachurch.
Theearsofareabitarelongerthanthoofacat.
Thishouislargerthanthatofmyyoungerbrother.
Thegreatesttragedyisthat(=thetragedy)ofamir.
John'snameisbelowthoofMaryandJames.
That和tho后面有时跟有一个作定语的分词短语或从句:
Thishouislargerthanthat(=theone在口语中用得更多一些)standingontheother
side,locatedonthecorner.(that+分词)
Thisroadisthesameastho(用theones更好)leadingtotheCapital.
Thishouisbetterthanthat(用theone更好)Isawyester-day.(That+从句)
194That有时用来代表前面提到的动作:
“Didhelearnmusic?”“Yes,hedidsometimes,orYes,hedidthatsometimes.”
(that代表learnmusic)
“Willhismotherpunishhim?”“Shewon't.”or“Thatshewon't.”(that代替punish
him)
“Hewillpunishthem.”“Thathewill(=Sohewill=Hewill).”
Hehaatenit,thathehas.
195That有时用来代替前面的补语,比go更为确定:
Heismyfriend,that(=myfriend)heis.
Dishonest?Yes,heisthat(=dishonest).
Heisafool.Helooksthat.Ifindhimthat,andeverybodycallshimthat.
Johnislfish,cunningandcruel,buthisbrotherisnotallthat.Youknowhecannot
bethat.
2.This,The,That,Tho作形容词的用法
196这几个指示词都可用作形容词,修饰后面的名词:
Thefourprettygoldringsarehers.(this,the,that,tho通常放在其他形容
词前面)
ThisShakespeare'slastworkiscalled‘TheTempest’.
Thatfiftiethyearofrvicewastrulylong.
197有时和very连用,表示强调:
Youshallbepunishedthisveryhour.(比thishour更强调)
Thatveryaccidentcosthimhislife.
ThisveryhouiswhatIhavebeenlookingfor.
Theywerereadytokillhim,buthedecidedtoethoverypeople.
198有时和there,here一起用,there,here要放在名词后面:
Doyouethatmanthere(不要说thatthereman).
Thisladyhere(不要说thisherelady)ispretty.
199This和that可以同时用,中间用and或or连接,表示随随便便,东一下,
西一下:
Don'trunthiswayandthatway.(不要瞎跑。)
Hefallsinlovewiththisgirlandthat.(一会儿爱上这个,一会儿爱上那个)
Hefallsinlovewiththisorthatgirl.
Thechildbrokethisthingorthat.(一会儿打破这,一会儿打破那)
This,that,ortheother(oranothe)(=Someorother)readerwillagreewiththeauthor
ofthisbook.(总有读者赞同)
有时表示对比(有的„„有的):
Manyguestscame:thisonealone,thatonewithhiswife,andanotheronewiththree
orfourfriends.
200有时表示数量:
Heneedsamilliondollarstodoit,buthalfthismoney(=halfamilliondollars)is
enoughforme.
Someroomshavesixtystudentsinthem;othershavehalfthatnumber(=thirty).
Itisthreefeet,buttwicethislength(=sixfeet)wouldbebet-ter.
201有时表示“我(们)的”:
This(=My,Our)cityhaighthighschoolsinit.(本市)
Thiscountryhastoimportalotofrice.(本国)
Theeyeshaveenit.
Replyassoonasyoureceivethisletter.
Theprincipalofthisschoolissixtyyearsold.
202有时表示某种情绪:
Forgetthatmatter.(鄙视)
Lookatthatsonofyours.(兴趣)
Don'tmentionthodaysagain.(遗憾)
Othoeyes!Othatsilveryvoice!(赞美)
WhoisthisLilianWang?(看不起)
Iamsickoftheartists.(鄙视)
203用在时间词组中,表示特定的意义:
Begonethisminute(=atonce).
Hehaswonforthisonce(=atleastonthisoccasion).
Theymusthavearrivedbythistime.
Youshouldn'tsaysuchfoolishthingsatthe(late)years(oratyourgreatage).
204可以和month一起用:
Iam(orwas)busythismonth(orthemonths),inthepre-ntmonth(orinthe
prentmonths),inthemonth(orinthemonths).
Iwas(orshallbe)busythatmonth(orthomonths).
205可以和hour和day连用:
Wehavebeenmirabletothishour(orday,year),andfromthishour(forward)
weshallbehappy.
Ishalleyouoneofthedays.
206可以和week,day等词连用,表示“„„以后(前)的„„”:IleftHongKong
thisdayweek(ormonth,year)(=thisdaylastweek,etc.)(英国用法)
IshallleaveHongKongthisdayweek(ormonth,year)(=thisdaynextweek,etc.)
(英国用法)
Isawherthistimetwelve-month(orthreeyears).
Ishalleherthisdaynextmonth.
207注意下面两个句子的差别:
Ididnotehimthismorning(orthisspring).(说话时已不是早晨或春天)
Ihavenotenhimthismorning(orthisspring).(说话时仍是早晨或春天)
208注意下面句子中this,the的用法:
Ihaven'tenher(for)thislongtime.(好久没见到她)
Ihaven'tenherthishalfyear.(半年没见到她了)
Ihaven'tenher(for)thisfivemonths.(有5个月没见到她了)
Ihaven'tenherthefivemonthspast(orback,since).
Ishan'teherthishalfyear.(会有半年见不到她了)
Ishan'teherthefivemonths.(会有5个月见不到她了)
Ishan'teher(for)thefivemonthstocome.
但下面的说法更普遍一些:
Ihaven'tenherforthelasttwodays.
Ishan'teherforthenextfivemonths.
209下面句子也值得注意:
Ihavereaditthisweek(ormonth,year).(这周,这个月,今年读过,时间未完
但已读完。)
Ishallreaditthisweek(ormonth,year).(时间已开始,但未读)
Iamreadingitthisweek(给个礼拜读它)
210This和that可以和much连用,表示“这么多而已”,“那么多而已”:
Iknow(orwant,willsay,admit,have)thismuch(orthatmuch)(只知,只要„
这一些而已)
ThatmuchIknow.
Thismuchistrue.
Heisrightinthatmuch.
Thismuch(=thathe„years)iscertainthathehaslivedinIndiafiveyears.
211下面句子是不规范的,虽然有人这样说:
Them(=Tho)boyswon'tagree.
Oneofthem(=tho)housisonfire.
3.This,That可用作副词,修饰形容词等。
212Myboyisnotthis(=so)tall.
Itisaboutthislarge.
Ihaveneverbeenthissick.
Hecannotearnthat(=so)much.
Isheallthatsilly?
Howcouldhefinishitthatfast?
Doyouthinkthat(=so)?
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