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更新时间:2022-12-27 23:01:26 阅读: 评论:0


2022年12月27日发(作者:入党条件和要求)

1.This,The,That,Tho作代词的用法

180“Whatisthis(指近处的东西)?”“It'sanapple.”(在回答时不要再重复

this)

“Whatisthat(指远处的东西)?”“It(不要说That)isapear.”(对比)

“Whatarethe(this的复数形式)?”“They(不要说The)arehors.

“Whataretho(that的复数形式)?”“Theyaredonkeys.”

“Whatisthis,andwhatisthat?”“Thisisanappleandthatisapear.”(对比)

181Abeggarcame,andhe(不能说this或that)askedformoney.

(除了下面情况外从不用this或that代表人)

ThisisMr.Tanaka.ThisisMr.Sasaki.(介绍见面)

Hello,isthatJane?(英国说法)Hello,isthisJane?(美国说法)(电话用语)

Stopcryingandthat(orthere)isagoodboy!

Thowho(为hewho或onewho的复数形式)comearemyfriends.

Tho(=Thepeople)there(orcominghere)areJews.

(Heis)Handsomeboy,that!(为了强调而重复)

182This和that可以指具体的东西:Hegavemeonedollar,andthis(more

emphaticthanit)wasallhehad.

183This和that也可表示抽象的东西:

Hetalkedoffreedom,justiceandallthat.

也可指品质:

Ilikeaman(ormen)likethis(orthat),suchaman(ormen)asthis(orthat).

184还可和某些介词连用,有特定的意思:

Atthis(=Seeingorhearingthis),hebecameangry.Withthis(=Sosaying),heleft.

Uponthis(=Andthen),heshookhishead.

Afterthis(=Afterthisincident,thistime),hebecamemorecareful.

Sincethat(=Sincethattime),Ihavenevermetanyfriend.185偶有下面用法:

Getoutofthis(=thisplace).(少见)

Hemusthavearrivedbythis(=thistime).(少见)186也可表示某些事物:

Heknowsthis,thatandtheother(matter).

Somebelieveinthis,somebelieveinthat.

Idon'tsayanythingagainstMr.thisorMrs.That.Thecameforpaper,thofor

pens,othersforink.187也可指前面刚提到的东西:

Hehasgoodintention,butthat(指前句表示的内容)isnote-nough.

Iwilllearnmusic,Iknowthis(=learningmusic)isnoteasy.188有时和and连用:

Youmustdoit,andthat(=andyoumustdoit)immediately(oratonce).

Hedecidestobeadoctorandthat(=andhedecidestobeadoctor)afterhegets

married.

Hehasmanygooddogsandthe(=andhehas)verysmallones.

Heisadoctorandawell-knownoneatthat(而且又是一个有名的医生).

Hehasacar,andaverylargecaratthat.

Heknowsnothingexceptmusic,andverylittleatthat.

Peoplewerekilledandthousandsofthematthat.

189That可以代表前面所提的东西,而this代表即将谈的东西:

Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.(that指tobeornottobe.)

“Youcandependonme.”Thatwaswhathesaid.

Thisisaquestion:togoortostay?(this指togoortostay)

WhatIcansayisthis:Youcandependonme.

Coffee,cigarsandliquor:thearemyfriends.

190在某些词组中,that比this用得多:

Thatisbecauyoudon'tknowyourlf.

Thatiswhyyoufailed.ThatishowImadeit.So(orAnd)that'sthat.

That'sall.Thatwilldo.)That'sagoodboy.Whatofthat?

Thatis(tosay).Forallthat.Andthat.Andallthat.

191That和tho还有下面这些特殊用法:

Hehasthat(=Hehassomething)inhischaracterwhichpuz-zlesme.(书面语)

Therewasthat(=Therewassomething)inhiswayofspeak-ing.

Hesawthat(=something)inherfacewhichmadehimafraid.

Thereisthat(=Thereissomeone)whoknowsthecret.(少见)

Thereweretho(=people)whosaid“no”.(这样用时较多)

Heknewthowhowereoppodtohim.

192This有时用来表示“后者”,that表示“前者”:

Thegunismoreimportantthanthepen.This(=Thelatter,Thepen)cannotdowithout

that(=theformer,thegun).

EnglishandChineareourschoolsubjects.Thisemsharderthanthat.

WestudyEnglish,Chine,geography,historyandmathemat-ics.Thislast(=or

Thislatter)isthehardest.

193That和tho若跟有介词短语,可用来代表前面提的东西,以避免重复,

等于“the+前面那个名词”:

ThenovelbyDickensisbetterthanthat(=thenovel)byWells.(that代表

“the+noun”)

ThenovelsbyDickensarebetterthanthobyWells.

Thedoorofhishouislikethatofachurch.

Theearsofareabitarelongerthanthoofacat.

Thishouislargerthanthatofmyyoungerbrother.

Thegreatesttragedyisthat(=thetragedy)ofamir.

John'snameisbelowthoofMaryandJames.

That和tho后面有时跟有一个作定语的分词短语或从句:

Thishouislargerthanthat(=theone在口语中用得更多一些)standingontheother

side,locatedonthecorner.(that+分词)

Thisroadisthesameastho(用theones更好)leadingtotheCapital.

Thishouisbetterthanthat(用theone更好)Isawyester-day.(That+从句)

194That有时用来代表前面提到的动作:

“Didhelearnmusic?”“Yes,hedidsometimes,orYes,hedidthatsometimes.”

(that代表learnmusic)

“Willhismotherpunishhim?”“Shewon't.”or“Thatshewon't.”(that代替punish

him)

“Hewillpunishthem.”“Thathewill(=Sohewill=Hewill).”

Hehaatenit,thathehas.

195That有时用来代替前面的补语,比go更为确定:

Heismyfriend,that(=myfriend)heis.

Dishonest?Yes,heisthat(=dishonest).

Heisafool.Helooksthat.Ifindhimthat,andeverybodycallshimthat.

Johnislfish,cunningandcruel,buthisbrotherisnotallthat.Youknowhecannot

bethat.

2.This,The,That,Tho作形容词的用法

196这几个指示词都可用作形容词,修饰后面的名词:

Thefourprettygoldringsarehers.(this,the,that,tho通常放在其他形容

词前面)

ThisShakespeare'slastworkiscalled‘TheTempest’.

Thatfiftiethyearofrvicewastrulylong.

197有时和very连用,表示强调:

Youshallbepunishedthisveryhour.(比thishour更强调)

Thatveryaccidentcosthimhislife.

ThisveryhouiswhatIhavebeenlookingfor.

Theywerereadytokillhim,buthedecidedtoethoverypeople.

198有时和there,here一起用,there,here要放在名词后面:

Doyouethatmanthere(不要说thatthereman).

Thisladyhere(不要说thisherelady)ispretty.

199This和that可以同时用,中间用and或or连接,表示随随便便,东一下,

西一下:

Don'trunthiswayandthatway.(不要瞎跑。)

Hefallsinlovewiththisgirlandthat.(一会儿爱上这个,一会儿爱上那个)

Hefallsinlovewiththisorthatgirl.

Thechildbrokethisthingorthat.(一会儿打破这,一会儿打破那)

This,that,ortheother(oranothe)(=Someorother)readerwillagreewiththeauthor

ofthisbook.(总有读者赞同)

有时表示对比(有的„„有的):

Manyguestscame:thisonealone,thatonewithhiswife,andanotheronewiththree

orfourfriends.

200有时表示数量:

Heneedsamilliondollarstodoit,buthalfthismoney(=halfamilliondollars)is

enoughforme.

Someroomshavesixtystudentsinthem;othershavehalfthatnumber(=thirty).

Itisthreefeet,buttwicethislength(=sixfeet)wouldbebet-ter.

201有时表示“我(们)的”:

This(=My,Our)cityhaighthighschoolsinit.(本市)

Thiscountryhastoimportalotofrice.(本国)

Theeyeshaveenit.

Replyassoonasyoureceivethisletter.

Theprincipalofthisschoolissixtyyearsold.

202有时表示某种情绪:

Forgetthatmatter.(鄙视)

Lookatthatsonofyours.(兴趣)

Don'tmentionthodaysagain.(遗憾)

Othoeyes!Othatsilveryvoice!(赞美)

WhoisthisLilianWang?(看不起)

Iamsickoftheartists.(鄙视)

203用在时间词组中,表示特定的意义:

Begonethisminute(=atonce).

Hehaswonforthisonce(=atleastonthisoccasion).

Theymusthavearrivedbythistime.

Youshouldn'tsaysuchfoolishthingsatthe(late)years(oratyourgreatage).

204可以和month一起用:

Iam(orwas)busythismonth(orthemonths),inthepre-ntmonth(orinthe

prentmonths),inthemonth(orinthemonths).

Iwas(orshallbe)busythatmonth(orthomonths).

205可以和hour和day连用:

Wehavebeenmirabletothishour(orday,year),andfromthishour(forward)

weshallbehappy.

Ishalleyouoneofthedays.

206可以和week,day等词连用,表示“„„以后(前)的„„”:IleftHongKong

thisdayweek(ormonth,year)(=thisdaylastweek,etc.)(英国用法)

IshallleaveHongKongthisdayweek(ormonth,year)(=thisdaynextweek,etc.)

(英国用法)

Isawherthistimetwelve-month(orthreeyears).

Ishalleherthisdaynextmonth.

207注意下面两个句子的差别:

Ididnotehimthismorning(orthisspring).(说话时已不是早晨或春天)

Ihavenotenhimthismorning(orthisspring).(说话时仍是早晨或春天)

208注意下面句子中this,the的用法:

Ihaven'tenher(for)thislongtime.(好久没见到她)

Ihaven'tenherthishalfyear.(半年没见到她了)

Ihaven'tenher(for)thisfivemonths.(有5个月没见到她了)

Ihaven'tenherthefivemonthspast(orback,since).

Ishan'teherthishalfyear.(会有半年见不到她了)

Ishan'teherthefivemonths.(会有5个月见不到她了)

Ishan'teher(for)thefivemonthstocome.

但下面的说法更普遍一些:

Ihaven'tenherforthelasttwodays.

Ishan'teherforthenextfivemonths.

209下面句子也值得注意:

Ihavereaditthisweek(ormonth,year).(这周,这个月,今年读过,时间未完

但已读完。)

Ishallreaditthisweek(ormonth,year).(时间已开始,但未读)

Iamreadingitthisweek(给个礼拜读它)

210This和that可以和much连用,表示“这么多而已”,“那么多而已”:

Iknow(orwant,willsay,admit,have)thismuch(orthatmuch)(只知,只要„

这一些而已)

ThatmuchIknow.

Thismuchistrue.

Heisrightinthatmuch.

Thismuch(=thathe„years)iscertainthathehaslivedinIndiafiveyears.

211下面句子是不规范的,虽然有人这样说:

Them(=Tho)boyswon'tagree.

Oneofthem(=tho)housisonfire.

3.This,That可用作副词,修饰形容词等。

212Myboyisnotthis(=so)tall.

Itisaboutthislarge.

Ihaveneverbeenthissick.

Hecannotearnthat(=so)much.

Isheallthatsilly?

Howcouldhefinishitthatfast?

Doyouthinkthat(=so)?

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