高中英语试题

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Sincewe'veheadedintothesnowypartoftheyear,itemslikeagoodtimetosolvea

awaspopularized

berwasapproximately

fiveEskimowordsforsnow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgot

outofcontrolandgrewbiggerandbigger.

TherearetwoproblemswiththeconceptofEskimoshavingtonsofwordsforsnow.

First,Eskimosspeakatleasttwodifferentlanguages—wehavetalked

abouthowEnglishandmanyotherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-

Indo-European,

sayingEskimoshave100wordsforsnowislikesayingEuropeanshave100wordsforkingsor

tbetellingyousomethingbroadaboutculture,butitisn'treallytellingyoumuch

aboutlanguage.

Thecondproblemis"Whatisaword?”TheInuitandYupiklanguagesmakewordsin

mple,theWestGreenlandicword

'siku,'(aice),isudastherootfor'sikursuit(packice),'Sikuliaq(newice),and'sikurluk

(meltingice).Butit'snotthatWestGreenlandichassomanymorewordsfordescribingsnow

thanEnglish,it'sjustthatWestGreenlandicexpressideasbycombiningmeaningfulunitsof

laness

allthesameideas;wejustdoitalittledifferentlybecauofthewayourlanguageisbuilt.

Soyou'reprobablystillwondering,"Ifit'snot50or100or400words,howmanyisit?"Well,

Woodburylists15thatareprentinaYupikdictionarypublishedin1984,buthesaysthat

dbe12;'s

certainlynot100.

Sometimes,the"hundredwordsforsnow"puzzleisudtoarguethatbecauEskimoshave

somanywordsforsnow,theythinkaboutsnowinwaysthatwecan'tevenbegintoimagine—

n't

inkaboutsnow

floatingonwaterevenifwedon'thaveawordforthatinEnglish.

Sowhenyou'reoutskiingorsnowboardingorjustshovelingyourdrivewaythiswinter,don't

believethepeoplewhotrytotellyouthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow.

（1）WhyareEskimosthoughttohavesomanywordsforsnow?

esnowiverywherewhereEskimoslive.

ethestoryaboutitgotenrichedandbelieved.

esnowisofgreatimportancetoEskimos.

eEskimoshavegreataffectionforsnow.

（2）Howdoesthewriterexplainthefirstproblem?

ngcomparisons.

tingidioms.

（3）TheexampleofthewestGreenlandicword'siku'showsthat.

ingofwordsvariesfromlanguagetolanguage

itandYupiklanguageshavemorewordsforsnow

hnessofwordsandphrasleadstodifferentideas

rasaboutsnowarefoundintheEnglishlanguage

（4）Whatconclusioncanwesafelydrawfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

sbetterunderstandsnowthanotherpeople.

gesdeeplyinfluencepeople'sabilitytothink.

snopointcountingEskimo'xpressionsforsnow.

mesintoourmindislimitedbyourlanguage.

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱斯基摩人描述雪的词语虽然多但并非传言

中的100多个。出现这一想象的原因是1.爱斯基摩人本身就说两种语言，不同的语言就会

有不同的描述。2.词汇方面的融合也使得他们有很多能描述雪的词语。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“HisnumberwasapproximatelyfiveEskimowordsfor

snow,butsomehowthestorywassowidespreadandromanticthatitgotoutofcontroland

grewbiggerandbigger.”可知，本身BenjaminLeeWhorf对于雪的词汇可能就只有5个，但

是故事不断的传播，甚至带着浪漫主义气息，使得故事传播的越来越广泛，故事内容也越

来越夸张。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“JustaswehavetalkedabouthowEnglishandmany

otherlanguagesdevelopedfromacommonlanguagecalledProto-Indo-European…”，作者将英

语和从原始印欧语发展而来的其他语言进行了比较，由此可知采用了比较的方法。故选

B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Weexpressallthesameideas;wejustdoitalittle

differentlybecauofthewayourlanguageisbuilt.“以及第四段的例子中，不同语言、不同词

汇表达的都是同一个意思，唯一不同的是语言构建方式的不同而已。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“n'tdecide

whatweareabletothinkaboutorarenotabletothinkabout.”语言都是不一样的，而且语言

也决定不了我们能或不能想什么；以及最后一段中的“don'tbelievethepeoplewhotrytotell

youthatEskimoshave100wordsforsnow.”不用相信那些想要告诉你爱斯基摩人有100种描

述雪的词汇，即不用在意究竟有多少词。由此可知，词汇的多少并不影响思想，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

ewordscanbeudindifferent

ways,canalsohavecompletelydifferentwaysofsayingthe

samething.

TheOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED)swant

nttoexpanditsrecordofthe

language.

Lastyear,theOED,BBCRadioandtheForwardArtsFoundationteameduptofindlocalwords

ltedinmorethan100regionalwordsandphrasbeingaddedto

"cuddywifter",whichmeansaleft-handedperson.

Now,rMaier,an

editoratOED,sarelistingabunchofsuggestionsto

includeinthedictionary.

TheincludeHawaii's"hammajang",whichmeans"inadisorderlystate".Anotheristheword

foraswimmingcostume,"dookers"or"duckers".ItisudinScotland.

TheOEDalsomightincludetheword"frog-drowner",whichAmericansmightutodescribea

rpossibilityis"brick".Itmeans"verycold"topeopleinNewJeryand

NewYorkCity.

Thedictionaryhasalreadyfoundthat,dependingonlocation,apicturehangingoffcenter

mightbedescribedas"agley".Itmightalsobecalled"catawampous"or"ahoo".

"TheOEDaimstocoveralltypesofEnglish,"cludesscientificwords,slang

lsosaidthatitcanbedifficultfortheOED'ditorstoidentify

msaremoreoftenspokenthanwrittendown.

okingformoresuggestions."Wewere

surpridandpleadbythenumberofregionalwordswewereabletoinclude,"saidMaier.

（1）WhichlocalwordofthefollowingmostlikelycomesfromoneregionoftheUnited

Kingdom?

-drowner.

（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

allengingtocreateacompletecollectionofregionalwords.

arenotenthusiasticabouttheappealforregionalwords.

alwordsaremoreudorallythaninwrittenform.

tandingregionalwordscanbehelpfulwhencommunicating.

（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?

'stimetotrackwherethelocalwordscomefrom.

eEnglishwordscanbeudtosaydifferentthings.

stoexpanditscollectiontoattractlocals.

lincludemoreregionalwordsfromaroundtheglobe.

（4）Whichpartofanewspaperdoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?

ainment.

.

e.

.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过举例，说明了不同的地方有很多地方性的语

言，牛津词典正致力于将这些地方性的语言包含在它的字典之内。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Anotheristhewordforaswimmingcostume,‘dookers’

or‘duckers’.ItisudinScotland.”dookers或duckers这个词用来指一种泳衣，主要在苏格兰

地区使用，以及常识，苏格兰是英国的一部分，可知，Dookers这个词最可能来自于英国

的一个地区。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第八段中的“MaieralsosaidthatitcanbedifficultfortheOED's

msaremoreoftenspokenthanwrittendown”Maier说

识别地方性的词汇对于牛津字典的编辑来说是比较困难的。因为这些词经常为口头描述而

没有被记录下来，可以推知搜集各地的地方性语言是一项比较困难的事情。故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的“

lookingformoresuggestions.”和全文可知，本篇文章主要讲述了牛津字典收集地方性词汇的

意义以及进展情况，向大家介绍了这一个项目。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文的话题是牛津字典收集地方性词汇，是与文化

中的语言相关的，所以我们可以推知这篇文章可能来源于报纸上的文化专栏部分。故选

C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Ifyouloveeatinganddrinkingforfreeandarelookingtomakesomepocketmoney,there'sa

peofonlinerviceallowspeopletohireothersto

eatordrinktheirfavoritetreats,eithertocuretheirboredomorsatisfytheirappetitewithout

thecaloriesthatusuallycomewithit.

ChinemediarecentlyreportedonanincreasinglypopularrviceononlineplatformTaobao

that'cannowgoonlineandhireotherstoconsumecertain

foodsanddrinks,andaskthemtoprovidevideoevidenceofthemeatingordrinkingthesaid

treats.

Feesusuallyrangefromtwotonineyuan($0.30-$1.35)'snot

exactlyaget-rich-quickjob,buttherearequitearotofpeoplewillingtodoitforthefreetreats

alone.

"Bubbleteadrinking"isaparticularlypopularrvice,asthechewytapioca(木薯粉)ballsand

poppingdrinkisalltherageinAsiathedays,buttherearealsoadsfrompeoplewillingtoeat

friedchickenorhotpotforanyonewillingtopayforthem.

Advertidasbeing"fat-free"and"freeofqueues"thowhopayforthervicewillreceive

thefullexperience,whichincludesa360-degreevideoofthedrink,photos,andadetailed

ofthervicearebadonthedrink'ssweetnesslevel,itsprice,and

ientvenrequireashortwrittenreviewtobesurethatthepersontheyhired

actuallydoeswhattheyaresuppodto.

Sellerxplainedthatmostcustomersbuytheir"Bubbleteadrinking"rvicemaybebecau

they'retryingtoshakeoffdesireswhilethey'ngbubbleteabyproxymayhelp

customersavoidhighbloodpressure,highbloodsugar,andotherhealthproblemsthatthesugar-

ladendrinkmaycau.

Sowhywouldanyonepayatotalstrangertoenjoyatreatratherthanconsumeitthemlves?

Well,apparently,theonlinerviceissocheapthatsomepeoplesimplydoitoutofboredom,

whileothersgetsatisfactionfromwatchingothersindulgeintheirfavoritetreats.

Thisindulging-by-proxyrvice(代享受服务)hasreceivedalotofattentiononsocialmediain

China,withsomepeopledescribingitasthejoboftheirdreams.

（1）Whatkindofpeoplemaybuythenewtypeofonlinervice?

hoareboring.

hoaretryingtoloweight.

holoveeatinganddrinkingforfree.

hoarelookingtomakesomepocketmoney.

（2）Whichisthereasonformanypeoplebeingwillingtobehiredforthenewjob?

efoodsanddrinksarecheap.

eycanrealizetheirdreams.

（3）Whydoestheauthormention"bubbleteadrinking"inParagraph4?

ethatthenewtypeofrviceonlineispopular.

anexampleofthenewtypeofrviceonline

bubbleteaisgreatlywelcomeinAsia.

otethenewtypeofrviceonline.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

ing-by-proxyrviceonlinehelpsloweight.

mleadstoindulging-by-proxyrviceonline.

holddifferentopinionsonindulging-by-proxyrviceonline.

ing-by-proxyrviceonlineisgettingincreasinglypopular.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种代享受服务在中国的社交媒体上引起了

很多关注，网上代享受服务越来越受欢迎。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Anewtypeofonlinerviceallowspeopletohire

otherstoeatordrinktheirfavoritetreats,eithertocuretheirboredomorsatisfytheirappetite

withoutthecaloriesthatusuallycomewithit.”一种新型的在线服务允许人们雇佣他人来吃或

喝他们最喜欢的食物，既可以治愈他们的无聊，也可以满足他们的胃口，而不需要那些通

常伴随而来的卡路里。可知，那些试图减肥的人可能会购买这种新型的在线服务，故选

B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It'snotexactlyaget-rich-quickjob,buttherearequite

arotofpeoplewillingtodoitforthefreetreatsalone.”这并不是一个快速致富的工作，但有相

当一部分人愿意为了免费的款待而去做。可知，许多人愿意接受这份新工作的原因是他们

可以免费享用美食，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Bubbleteadrinking"isaparticularlypopularrvice,

asthechewytapioca(木薯粉)ballsandpoppingdrinkisalltherageinAsiathedays,butthere

arealsoadsfrompeoplewillingtoeatfriedchickenorhotpotforanyonewillingtopayfor

them.““泡茶喝”是一项特别受欢迎的服务，因为这种耐嚼的木薯球和弹出式饮料最近在亚

洲风靡一时，但是也有一些广告是关于愿意吃炸鸡或火锅的人的。由此推断出，作者在第

四段中提到“泡茶喝”是举出了一个新的网上服务的例子，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。最后一段”Thisindulging-by-proxyrvice（代享受服务）hasreceiveda

lotofattentiononsocialmediainChina,withsomepeopledescribingitasthejoboftheir

dreams.“这种代享受服务在中国的社交媒体上引起了很多关注，一些人把它描述为他们梦

想中的工作，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了网上代享受服务越

来越受欢迎，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象

类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，

推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

yonematuredatthesame,fixedrate,it

wouldn',maturationhappensatvaryingspeedsacrossdifferent

categorieswithinthesameindividual,soI'dsayIwaasilyoldenoughtovoteat16,butnobody

shouldhavegivenmeacreditcarduntilIwas32,andI'vegotthecountycourtjudgmenttoprove

it.

However,webroadlyagreethatthere'sadifferencebetweenachildandanadult,evenifwe

oliticaltheoristDavidRunciman'sviewthatsix-

year-oldsshouldbeallowedtovotegoesagainstanystandardargumentabouttheageofcivic

wouldsaythatasix-year-oldcouldbeheldcriminallyresponsible,couldbe

nttowar,couldbecapableofconnt,wing

themthevote—alongwith,unavoidably,ven-year-oldswhoareevensillier,ifanything—is

quiteanamusingproposal.

Runciman'sargumentisthatthisistheonlywaytorebalancepoliticallife,whichiscurrently

twistedinfavoroftheold,whodon't(headded)everneedtodemonstratementalcapacity,even

longafterthey'velostit.

Thefirstpartofhiscaislf-evident:pensionsareprotectedwhilechildren'scentersare

clod,conceptssuchassovereignty(最高权威)areprioritizedoverthefarmoreurgentbusiness

ofthefuture:gia(怀念)forapasttheyoungwouldn'tevenrecognizeplays

acentralrole,whichiscompletelyunfair.

Mostoftheargumentsagainstgivingsix-year-oldsavotearethatchildrenwouldendupvoting

forsomethingdamagingandchaotic,ifsomeonemadeunrealisticpromistothem,whichcould

,it'snotchildren'sfault.

Havingsaidthat,childrendotendtowardstheprogressive,havinganaturalnofjustice

(whichkicksinattheageofsixmonths,psychologistshaveshown,bycreatingscenesofgreat

unfairnesstobabies,andmakingthemcry),

whenhewassix,madequiteaforcefulcaagainstprivateproperty,onthebasisthat,since

everybodyneededahou,theyshouldn'tcostmoney,becaunobodywouldwantanyoneel

,kindofpre-Marxcommunism,whereyou

limitthecoverageofthemarkettoonlythothingsthatyouwouldn'tmindsomeoneelnot

having.

Onthatparticularday,whenwewereregisteredasvoters,mykidwasquitefartotheleftof

me,butinthenormalrunofthings,we'reunited,whichbringsustothepointoftheproblem:

childrenobeyyouonalmostnothing,buttheydoemtobelieveinyourpoliticsuntilthey're

tcan

stopushavingevenmorechildren,oncethere'ssomuchenfranchiment(选举权)initforus?

Now,ifparentscouldbetrustedtoutheirinfluencewily,andhammerintochildrenthe

politicsitwilltaketoassureabetterfuture,thenIwouldn'tnecessarilyhaveaproblemwiththat,

apartfrom,obviously,thatcultureisalreadywildlytwistedtowardsparents,andIcanimaginea

t'snotworthtalkingaboutanyway,becau

parentscan'tbetrusted,otherwiwe'dallalreadyvoteGreen(绿党).

Inshort:no,six-year-oldsshouldnotgetthevote;butwhilewe'rehere,ifanyvotescomeupin

thenearfuture,whichwillhaveanimpactonthenextfivedecadesofBritishpoliticallife,

alongsideEUmigrants,16-year-oldscertainlyshouldbeenfranchid.

（1）Theauthorreferstohisageofadulthoodtoprovethat________.

nrightsaregrantedatdifferentstagesoflife

'sacommonstandardfortheageofadulthood

matureatdifferentratesinvariousaspects

tcardismoredifficulttogetthanthevote

（2）PeoplerejectDavidRunciman'sproposalbecau________.

lievechildrenarefarfrommatureinmanyways

euncertainwhetherchildrencanassumeresponsibility

owtheagetogetthevoteisnottobequestioned

n'tthinkachildcangrowintoadulthoodearlier

（3）WhatisthebaforDavidRunciman'sargument?

ignoranceofchildren'litiesofopportunity.

alanceinpoliticallife.

（4）Theauthortalksabouthiskidtoindicatethat________.

enareinfavorofajustsocietyandtendtobeidealistic

enareinnocentanddon'twanttobeinvolvedinpolitics

enaresimple-mindedandcanfallforanadult'strick

enaregood-naturedandliketohelppeopleinneed

（5）Theauthorthinksallowingchildrenthevotemayleadto________.

s'lmaturation

（6）Whatisthemainpointofthepassage?

sadifferencebetweenadultsandchildren.

ngchildrenthevoteisnotaltogetherabsurd.

initionofadulthoodisquitecontroversial.

sshouldintroducepoliticstotheirchildren.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

（5）C

（6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了儿童成熟的速度是不同，所以作者认为允许

儿童投票的提议并不完全是荒谬的，如果将对未来50年的英国政治生活产生影响，16岁

的孩子应该被授予选举权。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Indeed,maturationhappensatvaryingspeedsacross

differentcategorieswithinthesameindividual,soI'dsayIwaasilyoldenoughtovoteat16,

butnobodyshouldhavegivenmeacreditcarduntilIwas32,andI'vegotthecountycourt

judgmenttoproveit.”可知，作者以他的成熟年龄来证明人们在各个方面的成熟速度是不一

样的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Nobodywouldsaythatasix-year-oldcouldbeheld

criminallyresponsible,couldbenttowar,couldbecapableofconnt,couldbegiven

responsibilityforanything.”没人说6岁的孩子会被追究刑事责任，会被送上战场，会有同意

的能力，会被赋予任何责任。由此推断，人们拒绝DavidRunciman的提议是因为他们认为

孩子在很多方面还不够成熟，不能被赋予相应的责任。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Runciman'sargumentisthatthisistheonlywayto

rebalancepoliticallife”可知，Runciman论点的基础是，这是重新平衡政治生活的唯一途

径，即政治生活的不平衡导致他提出这个提议。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段中的“Mykid,whenhewassix,madequiteaforceful

caagainstprivateproperty,onthebasisthat,sinceeverybodyneededahou,theyshouldn't

costmoney,,foodshouldbefree.

Itwasakindofpre-Marxcommunism,whereyoulimitthecoverageofthemarkettoonlytho

thingsthatyouwouldn'tmindsomeoneelnothaving.”可知，孩子反对私有财产，因为他们

觉得每个人需要房子，他们不应该花钱买房，此外食物也应该是免费的，这是一种前马克

思共产主义的想法，由此可推测孩子更加公平，更期待理想社会。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“Sogivingkidsthevoteisreallyjustawayofgiving

parentxtravotes.”可知，给孩子投票权其实只是给父母额外投票权的一种方式，由此推断

作者认为给孩子投票权可能会导致投票权的滥用。故选C。

（6）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Inshort:no,six-year-oldsshouldnotgetthevote;but

whilewe'rehere,ifanyvotescomeupinthenearfuture,whichwillhaveanimpactonthenext

fivedecadesofBritishpoliticallife,alongsideEUmigrants,16-year-oldscertainlyshouldbe

enfranchid.”可知，作者认为6岁的孩子不应该获得选举权，但是如果将来有任何会影响

英国以及欧盟移民未来50年政治生活的投票出现话，16岁的孩子应该被赋予选举权，由

此可知作者认为儿童被赋予选举权并不完全是荒谬的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

GeminiMan

GeminiManisabig-budgetHollywoodsci-fi-actionmoviebadonanoriginalconcept,rather

thanonasuperherocomicoranoldTVries,eventhoughthisparticularoriginalconceptis

overnmentassassin(杀手)isbeinghunteddownbyhisowncloneThe

originalscriptwassoldbyDarrenLemketoastudioin1997,andsincethenalmosteverymaleA-

,atlonglast,AngLeehasdirectedGeminiMan,

andWillSmithplaysboththeveteranassassinandhismuchyoungerdoppelganger(分身).

JojoRabbit

DuringWorldWarTwo,a10-year-oldGermanboy(RomanGriffinDavid)isdesperatetobea

dutifulNazi,onlytodiscoverthathismother(ScarlettJohansson)ishiding,aJewishgirl

(ThomasinMcKenzie)otsoundlikethestuffofabig-heartedcomedybut

aswritinganddirectingJojoRabbit,

Waititico-starsastheboy'simaginaryfriend,anitwittedAdolfHitler.

DoctorSleep

MikeFlanag'snewfilmisadaptedfromStephenKing,novel,DoctorSleep,whichwasaquel

(续集)expecttoebloodflowingoutofliftsinarapidstream,ghostly

GregorstarsasDannyTorrance,the

,heisamiddle-agedhospitalcounllor.

Maleficent:MistressofEvil

Here'2014shestarredinMaleficent,Disney'slive-

stwasthattheeponymous

wickedfairywasn'tsowicked,afterall,andthattherealvillainwasthefatherofPrincessAurora

(ElleFanning).Thequel'ssubtitlepromisthatMaleficentwillactuallybeevilthistimearound,

herchangeofheartpromptedbyAurora'ngagementtohandsomeprince(HarrisDickinson).

（1）Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

GregorplaysaroleinDoctorSleep.

aititiisthemaincharacterinJojoRabbit.

Manisadaptedfroma20-yem--oldTVries.

lwickedcharacterinMaleficent:MistressofEvilisAurora.

（2）Ifyourfriendwantstoeahorrormovie,whichonewillyourecommend?

cent:MistressofEvil

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部电影。

（1）考查细节理解。根据DoctorSleep部分中的“EwanMcGregorstarsasDannyTorrance,

theboywithpsychicpowersin1980film.”可知EwanMcGregor在电影DoctorSleep扮演

DannyTorrance的角色。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据DoctorSleep部分中的“Youcanexpecttoebloodflowingoutof

liftsinarapidstream,ghostlytwingirlsandheadache-includingcarpetpatterns.”可知电影里有

血腥场景，可怕的双胞胎姐妹和让人头痛的地毯图案，故推测喜欢看恐怖电影的人，会选

择DoctorSleep这部电影。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Hi,I'romaplacewheretheskyisalwaysgrey,whereflowersare

alwaysgrey,andwheretelevisionisstillinblackandwhite.

Iactuallycomefromaworldwherecolordoesn'

'veneverencolor,anddon'ce

theageof21,Icanhearcolorthankstoamagicelectroniceyecalled"eyeborg":acolornsor

betweenmyeyesconnectedtoachip(芯片)installedatthebackofmyheadthattransforms

colorfrequenciesintosoundfrequenciesthatIhearthroughmybone.

I'vehadtheelectroniceyepermanentlyattachedtomyheadandI'vebeenlisteningtocolors

ditcompletelynormalnowtohearcolorsallthetime.

SinceIstartedtohearcolor,lerieshavebecome

ow

theysound.

emightlookverybeautifulbutsoundterrible,and

ditreallyexcitingtocreatesound

portraits(画像)dofdrawingtheshapeofsomeone'sfaceIwritedownthe

differentnotesIhearwhenIlookatthem,ce

engivefaceconcertsnow,concertswhereIplaytheaudience'sfaces.

Thegoodthingaboutdoingthisisthatiftheconcertdoesn'tsoundgood,it'stheirfault.

Iarenotgrey.

Lisbonisyellowturquoi(宝石绿);Londonisverygoldenred…andhumansarenotblackand

ll

orange.

Ifweextendourns,wewillconquentlyextendourknowledge.

（1）Wecaninferfromthearticlethatpeoplewithachromatopsia____________.

oodnofcolors

gotoconcerthallsandsupermarkets

（2）Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"Artgallerieshavebecomeconcerthalls"?

lerieshavebeenchangedintovarioussounds.

ttheartgalleriesarecreatedbygreatmusicians.

leriesarefilledwithnoisypeople.

hornowlikesartgalleriesasmuchasconcerthalls.

（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?

velopedararediainhischildhood.

borgproducessoundsbadonshadesofcolors.

llutheeyeborgfortherestofhislife.

'smind,allpeopleareorange.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

g–ntocolor.

leriesturnedintoconcerthalls.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，从小患有色盲的作者，利用颜色传感器来听自己看

不见的颜色，从而形成了作者与众不同的美感。作者认为如果我们扩展我们的感官，我们

将因此扩展我们的知识。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Iactuallycomefromaworldwherecolordoesn'texist.

rncompletelycolor-blind.”我来自一个没有颜色的世

界。我生来患有色盲。我生来就是色盲。可推断，患有色盲的人是看不见颜色的。故选

C。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第四段中的“SinceIstartedtohearcolor,mylifehaschanged

significantly.”自从我开始听到颜色，我的生活发生了巨大的变化；以及空后“Icanheara

Picasso.”我能听见毕加索的声音。可知作者说"艺术画廊变成了音乐厅"意思是对作者来说，

艺术画廊已经变成了各种各样的声音。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Iactuallycomefromaworldwherecolordoesn'texist.

rncompletelycolor-blind.”我来自一个没有颜色的世

界。我生来患有色盲。我生来就是色盲。可知A选项"尼尔小时候得了一种罕见的疾病。"

错误。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第三段中的“I'vehadtheelectroniceyepermanentlyattachedtomy

headandI'ditcompletelynormalnowto

hearcolorsallthetime.”我把电子眼固定在头上，从2004年开始我就不停地听彩色音乐。所

以我发现现在一直听到颜色是完全正常的。以及文章主要内容为生来是色盲的作者讲述自

己听颜色的事情，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行

分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Accordingtoateamofrearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheir

paceoflife.

"Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilityto

perceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmoving

creatures."commentedleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.

Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingphenomenonbadonthemaximum

speedofflash,for

example,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.

Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouflyanditsabilityto

earchshowedflies"obrvemotioninashortertimethanourowneyes

canachieve,"whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.

ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyon

therearchproject,saidinastatement,"Havingeyesthatndupdatestothebrainatmuch

higherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformation

,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimal

ightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly."

Incomparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanityescankeepup,basically

becomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position.

Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensionalongwhich

animalscanspecializeandthereisconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.

（1）Whatistherearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout？

siveabilitiesofanimals.

rceptionofanimals.

（2）WhatdoesKevinHealy'scommentmeaninPara.2？

vivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.

swithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.

lityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.

swithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.

（3）Whycanhoufliesavoidbeinghit?

nthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.

nprocesstheinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.

nflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.

nndinformationtobrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.

（4）Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?

titlffrombecomingblind.

unasfastasitcan.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Accordingtoateamofrearchers，ananimal'sability

toperceive（感知）timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”可知，据一组研究人员称，动物感知时

间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知

的，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“theimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswhere

theabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathfor

fastmovingcreatures.”可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的时间内感知时间的能力

可能是生与死的区别，由此可知，KevinHealy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它

们对时间的感知能力，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Therearchshowedflies‘obrvemotioninashorter

timethanourowneyescanachieve，’whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知，家蝇观察物

体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避免被击中；再结合第五

段中的“buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定，

也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“thetigerbeetle（虎甲虫）runsfasterthanits

eyescankeepup，basicallybecomingblind，whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluate

itsprey's（猎物）position”可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不

时地停下来，重新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地

停下来确定猎物的位置，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Theideathatcomputershavesomeamountof"intelligence"isnotnew,saysRalphHaupter,

thepresidentofMicrosoftAsia,pointingasfarbackas1950whencomputerpioneerAlanTuring

askedwhethermachinescanthink."Soithastakennearly70yearsfortherightcombinationof

factorstocometogethertomoveAIfromconcepttoreality,"saysHaupter.

Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificialintelligencewillbethestoryofthecoming

generations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019getsunderway,you'llfindAIwillbeginto

touchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosomerearchers.

"ersonalassistantslearnmoreabout

ourdailyroutines,ows

whatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweekIliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIget

backfromworkallmygroceriesarewaitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethat

deliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor."---AlecjandroTroccoli,niorrearchscientist,NVIDIA.

"ThankstoAI,thefacewillbethenewcreditcard,thenewdriver'slicenandthenew

barcode(条形码).Facialrecognitionisalreadycompletelytransformingcuritywithbiometric

capabilitiesbeingadopted,andeinghowtechnologyandbusinessareconnected,likeAmazon

iswithWholeFoods,Icaneanearfuturewherepeoplewillnolongerneedtostandinlineat

thestore."---GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,aglobalrearchlaboratory.

"ndoftheyearwe'reeing

solutionsforpopulationhealth,hospitaloperationsandabroadtofclinicalspecialtiesquickly

followbehind."---MarkMichalski,executivedirector,MassachuttsGeneralHospital.

（1）WhatcanweknowaboutAIfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

didn'texpectAItodevelopsorapidly.

aofAIjustcameuprecently.

ceptofAIwasputforwardbyRalphHaupter.

morethan70yearstoturntheconceptintoreality.

（2）WhoesthefutureofAIdoinghouworkinsteadofhumanbeing?

droTroccoli.

（3）WhatisGeorgesNahon'sjob?

entofarearchlaboratory.

peratingofficerofanewspaper.

（4）Howisthepassagedeveloped?

entingrearchresults.

ribingpersonalexperiences.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过AlecjandroTroccoli，GeorgesNahon以及Mark

Michalski对人工智能未来将应用于的领域进行预测和说明。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”Itispredictedthatthedevelopmentofartificial

intelligencewillbethestoryofthecominggenerations,notjustthecomingyear,butas2019

getsunderway,you'llfindAIwillbegintotouchyourlifeinmanywaysaccordingtosome

rearchers.“据预测，人工智能的发展将成为未来几代人的故事，而不仅仅是未来的一年，

但随着2019年的到来，你会发现人工智能将开始在许多方面影响你的生活。可知从前两段

我们可以了解到人们没想到人工智能会发展得这么快。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”MyAIknowswhatIliketoeat,whichdaysoftheweek

Iliketocookathome,andmakessurethatwhenIgetbackfromworkallmygroceriesare

waitingatmydoorstep,readyformetopreparethatdeliciousmealIhadbeenlongingfor."---

AlecjandroTroccoli,niorrearchscientist,NVIDIA.“我的人工智能知道我喜欢吃什么，一周

中的哪几天我喜欢在家做饭，并确保当我下班回家时，所有的杂货都在门口等着我，为我

准备好我一直渴望的美味佳肴。——AlecjandroTroccoli，NVIDIA的高级研究科学家。可知

AlecjandroTroccoli能预见人工智能代替人类做家务的未来。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的”GeorgesNahon,president,OrangeInstitute,a

globalrearchlaboratory.“GeorgesNahon，全球研究实验室奥兰治研究所主任。可知

GeorgesNahon的工作是研究实验室的主任。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。第三、四和五段分别为AlecjandroTroccoli预测人工智能代替人类做

家务的未来；GeorgesNahon预测人脸识别将和商业结合在一起以及MarkMichalski对人工

智能应用于医学的预测，可知这篇文章是通过列举一些预测进行论述展开的。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Aswintertin,it'stheperfecttimetogetoutoftownandescapetheasonalmooddisorder.

Herearevacationideastoadoptnow.

CostaRica

CostaRica,locatedintheValledelGeneral,isanoff-the-radaragriculturetownthat'snot

aisknownforitscoffee,pineapplesandsugarcaneplantations,as

'smore,youcanenjoyhorbackriding,spendafternoonsatthespa

ortouranearbywildlifesheltertolookoutforcolorfulbirds,slothsandotheranimals.

LosCabos,Mexico

Ifyoulovewine,traveltoLosCabos,abeautifulvacationdestinationatthesouthernedgeof

yourgetaway,youcanenjoyspecialwinetastingsanddinnercooked

byLosCabos'rewildlife-viewingopportunities,

DecemberthroughMay,youcanspotwhales,mantaraysandmorewildlife.

PetitStVincent,theGrenadines

This'smore,

ttageislocatedinaquietplace,

andyoucanexpecttounplugandrechargephoneswithnowirelessconnections,televisionsor

tter,youcanspendyourdaysadmiringfascinatingmarine(海

洋的)lifeattheJean-MichelCousteauDivingCaribbeancenter.

TheExumas,Bahamas

OnFowlCay's50-acreprivateisland,nbespentfishing,

ortfeatureslargeone-,two-and

all,ifyou'replanningagroupgetawayormultigenerationaltrip,

yourenttheentireislandforaone-of-a-kindislandescape.

（1）Whydoestheauthorrecommendtheplacestoreaders?

rienceout-of-townsights.

tmentaldias.

（2）WhatdoweknowaboutPetitStVincent?

eredfromIrmaandMaria.

'sahugeandquietisland.

canadmirefishoffshore.

canchargephonesusingwirelessconnections

（3）WherecanTombestgowithhisgrandparentsandparents?

os,tVincent,theGrenadines.

mas,Bahamas.

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了冬天来临之时，适合外出度假的一些地点。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Aswintertin,it'stheperfecttimetogetoutoftown

andescapetheasonalmooddisorder.”随着冬天的到来，这是走出小镇，摆脱季节性情绪

障碍的最佳时机。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据PetitStVincent，theGrenadines部分中的“ThisprivateCaribbean

islandwassparedtheangerofhurricanesIrmaandMaria．”这个私人的加勒比岛幸免于飓风

伊尔玛和玛丽亚，可知选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据TheExumas，Bahamas部分的“Bestofall，ifyou'replanninga

groupgetawayormultigenerationaltrip，yourenttheentireislandforaone﹣of﹣a﹣kind

islandescape．”最重要的是，如果你正在计划一次集体出游或多代人旅行，你就可以租整

个岛，以获得独一无二的岛屿之旅，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

"Whatkindofrubbishareyou?"Thisquestionmightnormallycauanger,butinShanghaiit

1st,thecityintroduced

strictrubbish-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeudasamodelforourcountry.

Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourparatecategoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.

Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsareprenttoensurethatrulesareobeyed

andtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.

Violatorscouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).Forrepeatviolators,thecitycanadd

blackmarkstotheircreditrecords,makingitharderforthemtoobtainhankloansorevenbuy

traintickets.

uces9million

eothercitiesinchina,d,ithas

leget

wealthier,te,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.

Chinaproduces80billionpairsofone-offchopsticksayear.

Manycitizensappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutarefrustratedbythe

hmustbedividedaccordingtowhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorhazardous(有

害的),thedistinctionsamongwhichcanbeconfusing,thoughthereareappstohelpworkitout.

stputitstraightinthe

requiredpublicbin,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandtoss(投掷）itbyhand,Most

annoyingaretheshortperiodsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningand

iththemonitorsatthebins,thismeansthatpeoplegoataroundthesametime

andcankeepaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout;noonewantstolookbad.

（1）What'sthepurpoofParagraph1?

lainaboutrubbishdividing.

ainthefourcategoriesofthewaste.

oducetherulesonwastesorting.

thegoalofrubbish,sortingregulations.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Violators"inParagraph2referto?

whodon'whoarguewiththemonitors.

whoareagainsttheregulations.

（3）Whatmakesthecitizensuptmostabouttherules?

xdistinctionamongthefourcategoriesofrubbish.

cheduledtimefortossingrubbish.

brvedbymonitorswhenthrowingthegarbage.

inedwhenblamedduetoimproperbehavior.

（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

eofGarbageClassification

h-sortingBenefitstheWorld

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了7月1日上海市出台的垃圾分类规定，有

望成为我国的一个典范。文章说明了垃圾分类规定的部分内容以及违反者将面临的处罚，

这项政策出台的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民们对此政策的看法和态度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourparate

stdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitors

areprenttoensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.”市民必

须将垃圾分为四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，当监

督员在场时，以确保规则得到遵守，并检查垃圾的性质。可知主要是在说明垃圾分类的相

关规定，故第一段的目的是介绍垃圾分类的规则。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Theycouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).”

他们将面临最高200元(29美元)的罚款。可推测他们此处指违反垃圾分类规定的人们，故

划线单词意思为“违反规定的人”，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Mostuptaretheshortwindowsforthrowing

trash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening.”最让人心烦的是扔垃圾的短暂开放

期，通常是早上和晚上的几个小时，可知，扔垃圾的时间很短让居民对这些规定最不满。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sorting

ntsmustdividetheir

stdosoatscheduled

times,whenmonitorsareprenttoensurecomplianceandtoinquireintothenatureofone's

rubbish.”7月1日，该市出台了严格的垃圾分类规定，有望成为我国的一个典范。居民必须

将他们的垃圾分成四类，并将其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他们必须在规定的时间这样做，

当监督员在场时，以确保遵守和调查一个人的垃圾的性质）以及文章主要内容围绕着上海

垃圾分类规定标志着一个垃圾分类的新时代的开始而展开，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一

篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分

析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

edasAmerican'sfirst

entWashingtonhasbeencalledthe"Fatherofhiscountry."

ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,he

sonwasoneofthemostinfluential

ofthenation'lsoaplantexpert,architect,musicianandinventor.

AnotherofAmerican'sgreatestpresidents,AbrahamLincoln,ed

essfullyledthecountrythroughtheCivil

War,savedtheUnionandendedslavery.

onwasneverpresident.

Blsoan

economistandpoliticalphilosopher.

AndrewJacksonwastheventhpresident,ortedpopular

tureisonthetwenty-dollarbill.

rvingaspresident,

hiscommand,theUnionArmydefeatedConfederateforces.

Sowhodoyouthinkisontheonehundred-dollarbill?inwas

neverelectedpresident,lsoaleadingwriterand

printer,politicalthinker,politician,postmaster,scientist,inventor,civilactivist,anddiplomat.

ksofthenotesshowimages

fromnation'einorder,theGreatSealoftheUnitedStates,the

ersaretheTreasury

Building,theWhiteHou,theCapitolBuildingandindependenceHall.

（1）ThedesignofthebillsshowsthatAmericansvaluestheirpeople's__________.

sintheircareers

butionstothecountry

（2）Forhundredsofyears,thohistoricmenonthebillsfoughtforthenation's____________.

ndenceanddemocracy

ndglory

（3）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

ignofUSBills

ryofUSBills

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他们

对国家所做出的贡献。

（1）考查推理判断。文章在描述每一种面值的纸币上的人物时，都着重描写他们对国家

的作用与影响，GeorgeWashington是第一任总统，ThomasJefferson独立宣言的主要起草

者，AbrahamLincoln结束内战，废除奴隶制，AlexanderHamilton第一个财政部长和开国元

勋之一，AndrewJackson支持大众民主和个人自由，BenjaminFranklin开国元勋之一，从而

可判断美国人民看重的是伟人对这个国家做出的贡献。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“PresidentWashingtonhasbeencalledthe‘Fatherof

hiscountry.’"；第二段中的“Jeffersonwasoneofthemostinfluentialofthenation'sFounding

Fathers.”及下文对美元上其他人物的介绍可知，文章中提到的这些历史上著名的人物，无

论是独立战争，美国内战，还是独立宣言的起草与签署都反映出他们为争取国家的独立与

民主所做出的努力与牺牲。故选B。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“ThepictureofGeorgeWashingtonisontheone-dollar

bill.第二段中的ThethirdpresidentoftheUnitedStates,ThomasJefferson,isonthetwo-dollar

bill.”及下文各段的段首句可知，本文主要描述了各种面值的美元纸币上伟大人物，以及他

们对国家所做出的贡献。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需

要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．（2019•江苏）请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，

选出最佳选项。

WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthan

thewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpresdbythemostrecent

changes?

Itwouldnotmatterifthemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'r,

theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduofscarceresources.

ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnology)revolution,

reprentedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthings

isso"yesterday"liefin"post-industrialsociety"has

ledthocountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingctor(制造业)withnegativeconquences

fortheireconomies.

Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmoved

theinternationalcommunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesand

sledcompaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodeveloping

stion,however,iswhether

sgivingmoneyfortholess

fashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmore

affordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychilda

laptopcomputerorttingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthothings

arenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithout

carefullyasssingtherelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusoftheirmoney.

Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecent

changesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnow

weliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehavecome

tobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,

inginsuchaworld,many

governmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncross-borderflowsof

capital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.

Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,

bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesatthe

r,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathas

alreadybecomecommon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.

（1）Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto________.

rogressintechnology

oflimitedresources

（2）TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould________.

ople'sntialneedsintoaccount

eirprogrammesattractivetopeople

thateachchildgetsfinancialsupport

emoreaffordableinternetfacilities

（3）Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?

tingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.

ingthattheworldhasbecomeborderless.

ngthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.

-emphasizingtheroleofinternationalcommunication.

（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

shouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.

ionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.

rightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.

icpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了对信息技术的过分迷恋对国家，对个人，对

慈善事业都会有不利的影响。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,theyhavereakimpacts,astheyresultin

misguideduofscarceresources.”可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使

用，也就是资源的浪费，故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Perhapsgivingmoneyfortholessfashionablethings

suchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashing

machineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopcomputeror

ttingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthothingsarenecessarilymore

important,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyasssing

therelativelong-termcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusoftheirmoney.”可知，与其给那些

贫困地区孩子笔记本电脑或者建网络中心，还不如给钱打井，铺电网或者生产他们买得起

的洗衣机，这些东西更能改善他们的生活。作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐

赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实

际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第五段“Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasled

peopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofcommunicationsand

transportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".以及Believingin

suchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationson

cross-borderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.”可知，对新东西的迷恋让人

们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界。正是认为我们生活在

这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故

选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据第三段“ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandCommunication

Technology)revolution,reprentedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswrongly

concludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"liefin

"post-industrialsociety"hasledthocountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingctor(制造业)

withnegativeconquencesfortheireconomies.”可知，对互联网呈现的通讯技术变革的迷恋

让很多富裕国家做出一个错误的结论，制造产品已经过时了，他们应该靠创意生活，因而

忽略了制造业，从而对经济造成不利影响，故可知，传统的技术依然有它的地位，不能被

新兴的信息技术取代，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

DanceClass

Ballet

Balletteachesgrace,posture(姿势)tsfocusontheuofproperballet

items(物品),expandingtheirknowledgeofclassicalballettechniquesandimprovingmotorskills

ssisaformalballetclass.

Age8-10

September7,2019-May16,2020

10:30am-12:00amonSaturday

CreativeMovers

Studentscanexplorecreativemovement,balance,focus,thedevelopmentofskills,motor

sshelpsbuildstrength,flexibilityandlf-confidence,andallows

enutheir

imaginationtocelebratemovementandhavelotsoffun.

Age3-5

September7,2019-January18,2020

9:00am-9:45amonSaturday

Jazz

asswillfocus

ordertoensureproperplacementforyourchild,weinviteallstudentstoparticipateina

sample(示例)tsandparentsworkwithprogramstafftomeetstudents'personal

dancegoals.

Age5-6

September7,2019-May16,2020

2:00pm-3:00pmonSaturday

HipHop

Studentswillbeintroducedtoveraldifferentaspectsofhiphopdanceincludingpopping,

locking,hopinstructorsarehighly

knowledgeableandwillprovidestudentswithawonderfulviewofhiphopdance.

Age7-10

September7,2019-May16,2020

1:00pm-2:00pmonSunday

（1）Whichclassissuitablefor4-year-oldchildren?

.

（2）Whatcanstudentsdointhejazzclass?

helonghistoryofjazz.

nowjazz-stylemovements.

（3）Whatisspecialaboutthehiphopclass?

ailableonSunday.

hemostskilledteachers.

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几门舞蹈课。这些课程适合不同年龄段的孩

子。孩子们可以根据自己的喜好选择自己喜欢的课程。

（1）考查细节理解。根据CreativeMovers部分中的”Age3-5“可知，CreativeMovers这门课

适合四岁的孩子。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Jazz部分中的”Studentswillbeintroducedtojazz-stylerhythms

andmovements.“可知，学生们在Jazz课中可以了解爵士风格的舞蹈动作。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据文中”Ballet(10:30am-12:00amonSaturday);CreativeMovers(9:

00am-9:45amonSaturday)“;”Jazz(2:00pm-3:00pmonSaturday)“;”HipPop(1:00pm-2:00

pmonSunday)“可知其他三门舞蹈课都是在星期六上课，而HipHop课是在星期天上课，这

就是它独特的地方。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节

信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymore

than20cmonaverage,lstudylookedattheaverage

heightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.

TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmen

nwomen,

meanwhile,rofrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,with

anaverageheightof169.8cm.

JamesBentham,aco-authoroftherearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobal

trendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgenetics

hasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysa

lesskeyrole,"headded.

Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Being

tallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskof

dyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diaamongtallerpeople."

Butwhileheighthasincreadaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescaus

concern,eightincreadinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,

thetrendhasreverdinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.

"Onereasonforthedecreasinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"said

ritionalandhealthcristhatfollowedthe

policyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheir

fullpotential(潜力)intermsofheight.

Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwe

arenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildren

thebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadesto

come."

（1）Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?

reainpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.

reainwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.

saremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.

asbeenanoticeableincreainmostcountries.

（2）WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?

ndtolivelonger.

vegreaterexpectationsinlife.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reverd"inParagraph5mean?

lifeagain.

（4）WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?

children'spropernutritionandhealthcare.

etheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.

heglobaltrendofincreasingheightcloly.

greatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结

论。全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境

的影响。如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富

力强。作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,with

SouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining

lstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween

1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了

20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014

年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。"可知，这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年

200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。故选

D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlife

expectancy“可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreadinUgandaandNigerduringthe

early20thcentury“而在20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及”withheight

decreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。可知，reverd的意思

是"反转"。故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,

theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的

人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。可知，他建议我们要确保孩子

们的营养和医疗保健。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

15．阅读理解

Abra(胸罩)

turntequila(龙舌兰)intodiamonds?Thearejustsomeofthethemesforthisyear'sIgNobel

prizes—winnersare...

ThechemistryprizewenttoJavierMoralesfromtheNationalUniversityofMexicoforhis

apressurecontainertodothis.

ThepublichealthprizewasawardedtoElenaBodnarofIllinois,forpatentingabrathatcanbe

changedintoapairofgasmasks.“ItwasinspiredbytheChernobylnuclearaccident,"saidBodnar,

whoisoriginallyfromtheUkraine.

ThephysicsprizewasawardedtoKatherineWhitcomeattheUniversityofCincinnatiand

okedintothequestionofwhypregnantwomendon'tfallover.

Theveterinary(兽医的)medicineprizewasawardedtoCatherineDouglasandPeterRowlinson

ofNewcastleUniversity'earchshowedthatgivingcowsnames

suchasDaisyincreastheirmilkproduction."It'sthehighlightofmycareer,'saidDouglas.

"Theworkamudthepublic,butitalsoaddresdariousproblemaboutthewelfareof

animals.

ThepeaceprizewenttoStephanBolligerandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofBernin

dexperimentstodiscoverwhetherit'smorepainfultohitsomeoneonthe

headwithafullbeerbottleoranemptyone.'Emptybeerbottlesarestrongerthanfullones,'the

rearchersreported.

AndtheeconomicsprizewenttotheofficialsoffourIcelandicbanks(Kaupthingbank

Landsbanki,GlitnirbankandCentralBankofIceland)fordemonstratingthattinybankscanbe

rapidlytransformedintohugebanks,andviceversa.

It'snicetothinkthatthisamazingrearchisgettingtheattentionitderves!

（1）WhatprizedidJavierMoraleswin?

mistryprize.

sicsprize.

lichealthprize.

nomicsprize.

（2）WhywasthepublichealthprizeawardedtoElenaBodnar?

ehegotinspirationfromthenuclearaccident.

eheknewhowtochangetequilaintodiamonds.

ehepatentedabrathatcanbeudasagasmask.

ehefoundoutwhypregnantwomendon'tfallover.

（3）AccordingtoParagraph5,whatwillhappenwhencowsgetnames?

llproducemoremilk.

llgrowmorequickly.

licwillfeelamud.

usproblemwillbecomeamusing.

（4）Howdidpeoplefeeltheveterinarymedicineprize?

ng.

g.

ointing.

ing.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，搞笑诺贝尔奖是世界上最不寻常的科学颁奖典礼，

并介绍了一些搞笑的诺贝尔奖项。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ThechemistryprizewenttoJavierMorales.（化学奖

颁给了JavierMorales。）”可知JavierMorales赢得了化学奖。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thepublic"healthprizewasawardedtoElenaBodnar

ofIllinois,forpatentingabrathatcanbechangedintoapairofgasmasks.”公共健康奖授予伊利

诺伊州的ElenaBodnar，以表彰她发明了一种可以变成防毒面具的胸罩。可知,ElenaBodnar

被授予公共卫生奖是因为她发现胸罩能被用做防毒面具并获得了专利。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“Theirrearchshowedthatgivingcowsnamessuchas

Daisyincreastheirmilkproduction.”他们的研究表明，给奶牛起Daisy这样的名字可以增加

它们的产奶量。可知,给牛起名字会增加牛奶的产量。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“Theworkamudthepublic,butitalsoaddresda

riousproblemaboutthewelfareofanimals”可知,人们认为兽医医学奖很有趣。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

Anewstudyhasfoundthatcatscanconnectwithpeopleinthesamewayasdogsandchildren.

Therearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,suggeststhesocialabilitiesofcatstoformhuman

dynotesthatmorecatslivewithhumans

torically,morescientificrearchhascenteredonthesocial

relationshipsbetweenpeopleanddogs.

Therearchersdesignedexperimentssimilartomethodsudtomeasurehumanattachment

mple,otherstudieshaveobrvedhowbabiesreacttobeingreunitedwith

caregiversafterbeingparatedforshortperiods.

avioroftheanimalswasobrvedbyexpertswhodivided

themintotwogroups.64percentwerejudgedtobe"curelyattached"tocaregivers,while36

percentwerefoundtobe"incurelyattached."Thecatswithcureattachmentsshowed

veralsignsof"reducedstress"levels,atswerefoundtobemore

comfortableandeffectivelybalancedtheirattentionbetweenthepersonandtheirsurroundings.

However,ncluded

shakingofthetail,repeatedlickingorstayingcompletelyawayfromthecaregiver.

Sheaddedthattheresultsshowedthatthelevelofcureandincureattachmentsincatsis

ns,rearchhasfoundthat65percentof

earchersalsowereinterestedin

findingoutifsocializationtrainingwouldchangetheresults.

Butafterasix-weektrainingprogramforthecats,therewerenomajordifferences."Oncean

attachmentstylehasbeenestablishedbetweenthecatanditscaregiver,itappearstoremain

relativelystableovertime,evenafteratrainingandsocializationintervention(干预),"Vitalesaid.

（1）Whatdoesthestudymentionedinthispassageshow?

'socialabilityislittlethoughtof.

vemoresociablepersonalitiesthancats.

ically,dogismuchsmarterthancats.

vebadsocialrelationshipswithdogs.

（2）Whatwillhappenifthecatsfeelunsafe?

egoingtoshaketheirtails.

elikelytobalancetheirattention.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

mentlevelinbabiesishigherthanincats.

ngprogramplaysanimportantroleintheresults.

chersfeelincurewhenexperimentingwithcats.

'shardtomakechangestoattachmentstylesbetweencatsandcaregivers.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的实验研究发现，猫能像小狗和婴儿那样和

人之间形成依恋关系，而且这种关系一旦形成就很难改变。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Buthistorically,morescientificrearchhascentered

onthesocialrelationshipsbetweenpeopleanddogs.”可知，历史上更多的科学研究集中在狗

和人的社会关系上，由此推测猫和人的社交关系很少有人考虑到。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“However,thecatswithanincureattachment

ncludedshakingofthetail,repeatedlickingorstaying

completelyawayfromthecaregiver.“可知没有安全感的猫会表现出明显的压力迹象，包括摇

尾巴，不停舔舐或远离看护人员。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”Onceanattachmentstylehasbeenestablished

betweenthecatanditscaregiver,itappearstoremainrelativelystableovertime,evenaftera

trainingandsocializationintervention(干预),"Vitalesaid.可知猫对看护者的依恋模式一旦形

成，就相对稳定，即使通过训练和社会化干预也很难改变。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需

要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。