subjective

虚拟语气

A虚拟语气在条件句中

1条件从句和结果主句的动词形式

从句主句

与如今事

实相反

动词过去时〔be动词一般用were〕would/should/could/might+动词原形

与过去事

实相反

had+过去分词would/should/could/might+have+过去分词

与将来事

实相反

1〕动词过去时

2〕should+动词原形

3〕wereto+动词原形

Would/should/could/might+动词原形

2混合条件句：Ifyouhadworkedharder,yourEnglishwouldbebetter.

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothecinema.

3省略if的条件从句构造：Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.

Shouldhejointhemintheirdiscussion,theywouldbehappy.

注意：但在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式，如：

Wereitnotfortheexpen,IwouldgotoItaly.

4含蓄条件句

1)without引导的短语代替if引导的条件句

Withoutwater,fishcouldn’tlive.=Iftherewerenowater,fishcouldn’tlive.

Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavebeenunemployed=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,Iwouldhavebeenunemployed.

2)butfor=ifitwerenotfor/ifithadn’tbeenfor

Butforthedoctor’sskill,hewouldhavedied.

3)otherwi=ifthisdidn’thappen/hadn’thappen

Igotupveryearly;otherwi,Iwouldhavebeenlateforschool.

4)supposing/suppo=if

Supposingsomethingshouldgowrong,whatwouldyoudo?

Suppowhitewereblack,youmightberight.

5)在简单句中：Itwouldbeapityforyoutomissthisopportunity.

6)在并列句中：Aminutemoreandshewouldhavemisdthetrain.

B虚拟语气应用于宾语从句

1虚拟语气在动词arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propo,request,require,suggest等后面的宾

语从句中用“(should)+动词原形〞。

Wesuggestthatwe(should)stthatthey(should)gowithus.

Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.

注意：当suggest作“暗示，使人联想起〞解，以及insist作“坚持认为〞解时，后接宾语从句仍用直陈语气。

Hispuzzledexpressionsuggestedthathedidn’tunderstandwhattheAmericanmeant.

MadameCurieinsistedthattherewassomethinginnaturethatgaveoutradiation.

2wish后的宾语从句

表示如今不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词过去式;Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.

表示将来不能实现的愿望，用“would(could)+动词原形〞;Iwishyoucouldgowithus.

表示过去不能实现的愿望时，用“had+过去分词〞或“〔could〕would+have+过去分词〞。

Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohourarlier.

注意:1)主句中wish的时态不影响从句的虚拟。Hewishedthathisgirlfriendwerethere.

2)在hope，expect后接的宾语从句中的谓语动词须用直陈语气。

Ihope/expectthatmydreamwillcometrue.(可能实现)

Iwishthatmydreamwouldcometrue.〔不太可能实现〕

C虚拟语气用于主语从句

用“should+动词原形〞的构造，表示欣慰，遗憾，惊奇，不相信，可惜，理应如此不满等语气。

Itisnecessary(natural,strange,important,esntial,surprising,etc)that

Itissuggested(desired,requested,ordered,propod,etc)that

Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that

Itisnecessarythatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.

Itwasapitythatyoushouldbesocareless.

Itwillbedesiredthatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon

D虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词

一般要用虚拟语气的构造“〔should〕+动词原形。〞例如：

Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsighteing.

Myideaisthatwe(should)doexercisfirst.

E虚拟语气用于状语从句

1〕asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句中，需要用虚拟语气，形式与wish后宾语从句中的谓语动词一致。

HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.

注意，它们后面加上表语从句同样也需要用到虚拟语气：Helookedasifhewereanartist.

假设从句中表达的是事实，那么不用虚拟。sasifitisgoingtorain.

2)lest引导的从句用“should+动词原形〞：Hetookamapwithhimlesthe(should)lohiswaythere.

F虚拟语气用在简单句中

虚拟语气可以用在may开头的句子中，表示祝愿，也可以用在longlive开头的句子中，表示强烈的愿望

Mayyoubehappy!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!

G其他构造

1〕虚拟语气用于ifonly引导的感慨句中，表示一种假象情况，意思是“要是……就好了〞。ifonly相当与

wish

Iwereabird.

2〕用在itis(high/about)timethat…句型中，从句的谓语动词多用过去式。

Itis(high)ghtimeweweregoing.

注意：注意与“Thisisthefirst/cond…time〞后从句中用如今完成时的区别。

3〕用“wouldrather,wouldsooner〞表示“宁愿、但愿〞，后面的宾语从句谓语多用过去式。

Iwouldratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.I’dsooneryoudidn’ttellmeaboutthat.

ExerciI：

______________(be)inmyplace,youwoulddothesamething.

learnedEnglishwell,I______________(be)abletotalkwithnativespeakers.

______________(study)EnglishwhenIwasaboy.

tyouradvice,ourmeeting______________(notbe)sosuccessful.

dhadthatoperationtwoyearsago,he______________(be)inbetterhealthnow.

6.I______________(cancome)toyourparty,butIdidn’thavetime.

______________(come)tomorrow,Iwouldtellherthenews.

e______________(be)anearthquaketonight,whatshouldwedo?

tainorderedthatallthewomenandchildren______________(get)intothelifeboats.

opodthatthematter______________(discuss)fully.

quiredthateverybicyclerider,whoeverhemaybe,____________(pay)taxatthebeginningofeachyear.

ngismorethangivingstudentsmuchknowledgeaspossible,anditisimportantthatateacher

______________(teach)hisstudentshowtolearn.

adeasuggestionthatwe______________(go)foranouting,theteachersmiled,whichsuggestedthat

he______________(agree)withme.

edratherpale,andthereforeweinsistedthathe______________(be)riouslyillandthatadoctor

______________(nd)foratonce.

______________(fall)butIcaughther.

16.______________(be)hefriendorenemy,thelawregardshimasacriminal.

’shightimethathe______________(teach)alesson.

you______________(let)meknowearlier.

diesveryhardforfearthatshe______________(lag)behind.

erybusyyesterdayotherwihe______________(come)tothemeeting.

ExerciII：

1.假设这本书有趣的话，我早就看完了。

2.但愿那天我救了那个女孩。

3.那妇女好似母亲似的照顾那孤儿。

4.上星期日假设不下雨，我们就去公园了。

5.假设没有空气和水，什么生物都不能存在。

6.物理老师建议我们多做实验。

7.很奇怪她居然回绝这份报酬丰厚的工作。

8.他们坚持没有看见事故发生。

9.他谈起来好似真的到过希腊。

10.婴孩的啼哭说明他还饿。

ExerciIII：

rybustthatday,otherwiI_____inthediscussion.

avetakenpart

wouldrather_____yesterday.

''dn''tleft

adtakenyourmedicineyesterday,_____wellnow.

e

dhaveleftbutthathe_____.

enafraid

_____tostudymathematicsyearsago.

arted

6._____tobringacompasswiththem,theywouldgetlostinthewoods.

hadforgotten

7._____today,shewouldgettherebyFriday.

heleave

8._____howimportantthetaskwas,theywouldn’thaverefudtoacceptit.

hadn'realize

eferthattheplan_____beforebeingputintoexecution.

efullydiscusd

yeraskedthattheca_____foronemonth.

epostponed

11._____Iwillmarryhimallthesame.

richorpoor

notputonairs,_____lyou.

13._____forthetelevision,wecouldn'tethingshappeninginotherplaces.

'tit

I_____thenwhatIknewafterwards!

now

15.--Washestrict?--estedthat_____televisiononweeknights.

'n'twatched

rwishthat_____whathepleas.

ddo

17._____thedreamsoftheyouth,thisinventionmighthavebeenpostponedforacentury.

e

gestionisthatthesportsmeet_____tillnextmonth.

ff

thehasafamily,_____Englandlongago.

eft

'sappropriatethatsometime_____tothoroughstudyoftheresultsoftheApollomission.

ted

eendecidedthatthemeeting_____tillnextSaturday.

poned

sasthough_____whereshewas.

nown

sasif_____adecentmealforamonth.

'''thad

workinghard_____thatheshouldfallbehind.

r

Answers:

ExerciI:

’

be9.(should)get10.(should)bediscusd11.(should)pay12.(should)teach13.(should)

go,,(should)lag

avecome

ExerciII:

ookhadbeenveryinteresting,Iwouldhavereaditthrough.

hadsavedthegirlthatday.

anlooksaftertheorphanasifshewerehermother.

dn’trainedlastSunday,wewouldhavegonetothepark.

airandwater,nolivingthingcouldexist.

sicsteachersuggestedwe(should)domoreexperiments.

rangethatsheshouldhaveturneddownthewell-paidjob.

sistedthattheydidn’tetheaccident.

ksasifhehadreallybeentoGreece.

y’scrysuggestedthathewasstillhungry.

ExerciIII:

1-5DDCBD6-10CCBBC11-15CCBCC16-20CBDCD21-24DCCB