humanoid

理工A补全短文新增文章：

+第十三篇AffectionateAndroids

Coon’tbelongbefore

wewillerealisticcybercompanions,completewithskin,dexterity,llbeprogrammed

totendtoyoureveryneed.

Willweeverwanttomarryrobots?ArtificialintelligencerearcherDavidLevyhaspublishedabookclaiming

human-robotrelationshipswillbecomepopularinthenextfewdecades.____1____

Willhumansreallybeabletoformdeepemotionalattachmentstomachines?Itwill,infact,berelativelyeasyto

formthestrongattachmentsbecauthehumanmindlovestoanthropomorphize:togivehumanattributes

toothercreatures—evenobjects.

Forexample,rearchersinSanDiegorecentlyputasmallhumanoidrobotinwithatoddlerplaygroupfor

veralmonths.____2____laydownbecauits

batterieswereflat，thekidvencovereditwithablanket.

Inafewdecades,whenhumanoidrobotswithplasticskinlookandfeelveryreal,willpeoplewanttoform

relationshipswiththem?Whatifthebotscouldholdaconversation?Andbeprogrammedtobetheperfect

companions—soulmates,even?____3____Andlikethotoddlersintheexperiment,theywillbevery

acceptingofthem.

Thenextquestion,then,iswhetherthereisanythingwrongwithhavinganemotionalrelationshipwitha

daytherearepeoplewhoformdeepattachmentstotheirpetsanduthemassubstitutesfor

siderthatunethical.

____4____Forthowhoalwaysemtoendupmarryingthewrongmanorwoman,.

atherofartificialintelligence,MarvinMinsky,putitwhenaskedabout

theethicsoflonelyolderpeopleformingclorelationshipswithrobots:“Ifarobothadallthevirtuesofa

personandwassmarterandmoreunderstanding,whywouldtheelderlybothertalkingtoothergrumpyold

people?”

Arobotcouldbeprogrammedtobeasdumborsmart,asindependentorsubrvient,asanownerdesired.

Andthat’theperfectrobotpartnerwilldamagetheabilitytoformequallydeep

u’rebehavingbadly,a

goodfriendwilltellyou.____5____

Peopleinrelationshipshavetolearntoadapttoeachother:toenjoytheircommoninterestsandtodealwith

susricher,stronger,companionwillbeperfectatthestart.

However,therewillbenothingtomovetherelationshiptogrowtogreaterheights.

词汇：

affectionateadj.深情的dexterityn.灵巧，敏捷anthropomorphizev.赋于人性，人格化grumpyadj.脾气暴

躁的cyberadj.计算机的tendv.照料botn.机器人subrvientadj.屈从的，奉承的

注释：

1．Computersarenowpowerfulenoughtoallowtheageofhumanoidrobotstodawn：计算机技术已经足够成

熟，能够支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进入人形机器人的时代。

练习：

AIt’asiertohavearobotcompanioninsteadofahumanfriend.

BButasophisticatedrobotwillprobablybeevenmoreattractive.

CAndifyouwanttogoaheadandtietheknotwithyourspecialelectronicfriend，Levysaidthatsuch

marriageswillbesociallyacceptablebyaround2050.

DHowever,fewownerswillprogramtheirrobotstopointouttheirflaws.

EMaybeyourgenerationcouldresist,buteventuallytherewillbeagenerationofpeoplewhogrowupwith

humanoidrobotsasanormalpartoflife.

FThebotkneweachchildbecauitwasprogrammedwithfaceandvoicerecognition，anditgiggledwhen

tickled.

答案与题解：

1．C前文讲到David在书中认为人与机器人的关系在几十年后将变得普遍，因此接下来应该继续讲这种普遍性

是怎样的。

2．F前文讲在圣地亚哥的一个实验，研究人员将机器人放在儿童游乐园里，要填的句子应该是介绍这个机器人。

3．E前文提了几个问题，是关于我们对人与机器人关系的看法，而后文讲“他们”会乐于接受，因此要填的句子

应该是两类人的对比。E项讲我们这一代人可能会反对，但下一代人就不一定了，符合意思。

4．B前文讲有人和宠物发展深厚关系，后面讲的是与机器人发展深厚关系的吸引人之处，因此这里应该讲机器

人做伴侣的好处。

5．D前文讲好朋友会在你犯错的时候指出来，这里应该是表示对比——机器人不会这么做。

理工B阅读理解新增文章

*第二十二篇RealWorldRobots

Whenyouthinkofarobot,doyouenvisionashiny,metallicdevicehavingthesamegeneralshapeasahuman

being,performinghumanlikefunctions,andrespondingtoyourquestionsinamonotonevoiceaccentuatedby

high-pitchedtonesandbeeps?Thisisthewaymanyofusimaginearobot,butintherealworld,arobotisnot

darobotoftenisavoiceless,box-shapedmachinethatefficientlycarriesoutrepetitive

’srobotismorethananautomaticmachinethat

nrobotisprogrammedwithvaryingdegreesofartificial

intelligence—thatis,arobotcontainsacomputerprogramthattellsithowtoperformtasksassociatedwith

humanintelligence,suchasreasoning,drawingconclusions,andlearningfrompastexperience.

Arobotdoesnotposssahumanshapeforthesimplereasonthatatwo-leggedrobothasgreatdifficulty

does,however,movefromplacetoplaceonwheelsandaxlesthatrollandrotate.

Arobitswayinits

surroundings1,aeattachedtotherobot’sbadetectanything

obotstartstoteeterasitmovesonanincline,agyroscopeorapenduluminsideit

rmineitsdistancefromanobjectandhowquicklyitwillreachtheobject，

therobotbouncesbend

othernsorsconstantlyfeedinformationtothecomputer,whichthenanalyzestheinformationandcorrectsor

adjuststherobot’nceandtechnologyadvance,therobottoowillprogressinitsfunctionsand

uofartificial-intelligenceprograms.

词汇：

envisionv.想象，预想devicen.装置accentuatev.强调，重读artificialintelligencen.人工智能limbn.臂

antennaen.天线inclinev.倾斜pendulumn.钟摆ultrasonicadj.超声的metallicadj.金属的monotonen.单

调的humanoidadj.像人的axlen.轮轴rotatev.旋转swiveln.旋转teeterv.摇晃gyroscopen.陀螺仪，回

转仪verticaln.直立的

注释：

1．Tofinditswayinitssurroundings...：为了在周围找到路……

2．therobotbouncesbeamsoflarlightandultrasonicsoundwavesoffobstructionsinitspath：机器人发射

激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。

练习：

1．Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe

ARobots:TakingthePlaceofHumans.

BArtificialIntelligencePrograms.

CToday’sRobotsandHowTheyFunction.

DModern-DaySensors.

2．Artificialintelligenceis

Atheunnaturalwayinwhichrobotsmove.

Bavoiceless,box-shapedmachinethatperformsrepetitivetasks.

Cnsorssuchasantennaeandagyroscope.

Dacomputerprogramthatimitateshumanintellectualprocess.

3．Thelastparagraphsuggeststhatfuturerobotswillbe

Amorehumanlikeinbehaviorandactions.

Bmorelikeautomaticmachines.

Cbetterabletomoveoninclines.

Dbetterequippedwithlarlightnsors.

4．Thewriterbeginsthepassagebycomparing

Atheshapeofahumanbeingwithabox.

Bamodemrobotwithafictionalrobot.

Canimaginarymachinewithahuman.

Dacomputerprogramwithartificialintelligence.

5．Thewordhumanoidmeans

Alackinghumancharacteristics.

Banythinghavingtheappearanceofahumanoid.

Cbeingvoidorvacant.

Dhavingahumanformorcharacteristics.

答案与题解：

1．C从文中得知，文章主要介绍了机器人和它们的运行方式，因此选择C选项。

2．DArtificial是“人工”的意思，intelligence是“智能”的意思。另外从文中得知，机器人使用artificialintelligence

能够进行与人类类似的推理分析等活动，因此可知它是一种类似人类智能的计算机程序。

3．A最后一段讲机器人的发展方向是更加智能，能够自己判断并修正行为，而不仅仅是完成重复性的工作。

4．B文章开头的时候作者让读者描述他们脑海中的机器人概念，并随后介绍了实际的机器人是怎样的，因此选

择B选项。

5．D从humanoid的词根human可看出这个词是形容与人类有关的特征。另外根据文章对这个词的描述可以

得出这个词是表示和人类类似的特征，不管是外形上，还是行为方式上。

理工B补全短文新增文章：

*第九篇LighteningStrikes

ThreeyearsagoaboltoflightningallbutdestroyedLynMiller’shouinAberdeen—withhertwochildren

inside.“Therewasahugerainstorm,”shesays,recallingtheterrifyingexperience.“MybrotherandIwere

lyIwasthrowntotheground

byanenormousbang.____1____Thedoorwasblockedbyrubble,butweforcedourwayinandfoundthe

children,wastoldtobestruckbylightningisachanceinamillion.”Infact,it’s

calculatedatonechancein600,,DrMarkKeysofAERTechnology,anorganisationthatmonitors

theeffectsoflightning,thinksyoushouldbensible.“Iwouldn’tgooutinastorm—butthenI’mquiteacareful

person.”Headvisanyonewhoisunluckyenoughtobecaughtinastormtogetdownonthegroundandcurl

upintoaball,makingyourlfassmallaspossible.

Lightningisoneofnature’smostawesomedisplaysofsheerpower.____2____250yearsago,Benjamin

Franklin,theAmericanscientistandstatesman，provedthatlightningisaformofelectricity,butscientistsstill

lackacompleteunderstandingofhowitworks.

____3____Positiveelectricalchargesstreamingupwardsfromtreesorchurchspiresmayglowandmakea

buzzingnoi,andpeople’oufearlightning,you’llbegladtoknowthata

companyinAmericahasmanufacturedahand-heldlightningdetectorwhichcandetectitupto70kmsaway,

soundawarningtoneandmonitorthestorm’sapproach.

NancyWilder’sheart

stoppedbeating,butshewasresuscitatedand,afterafewdaysinhospital,whereshewastreatedforbumsto

herhead,handsandfeet,hattime，shehasbeenastrictlyfairweather

golfer1.____4____Thebestplacetobeisinsideacar!

ThelargestnumberofpeopletobestruckbylightningatonetimewasinSeptember1995when17playerson

textraordinaryaspectofthestrikewasthefactthat11ofthe

victims—venadultsandfourchildren—hadburnpatternsoftinyholesat3centimetreintervalsoneachtoe

andaroundthesolesoftheirfeet.

HaroldDeal,aretiredelectricianfromSouthCarolina,USA,

apparentlyunhurt,butitlateremergedthatthestrikehaddamagedthepartofthebrainwhichcontrolsthe

nsationoftemperature.____5____

Animalsarevictimsoflightningtoo2．Hundredsofcowsandsheeparekilledeveryyear,largelybecauthey

Angliain1918,504sheepwerekilledinstantaneouslybythesameboltoflightningthat

ingisalsoresponsibleforstartingmorethan10,000

forestfireachyearworld-wide.

词汇：

boltn.（闪电）道sheeradj.绝对的resuscitatev.使复苏flockn.群rubblen.碎石spiren.尖顶，尖塔

instantaneouslyadv.即刻，突如其来地

注释：

1．shehasbeenastrictlyfairweathergolfer：她变成了一个只在晴朗天气才打高尔夫的人。

2．Animalsarevictimsoflightningtoo：动物也会受到雷击的伤害。

练习：

ANowondertheancientGreeksthoughtitwasZeus,fatherofthegods,throwingthunderboltsaroundin

anger.

BInfact,agolfcourisoneofthemostdangerousplacestobeduringathunderstorm.

CLightninghaslongbeenhailedasoneofthemostimpressivedisplaysofnature’spower.

DWhenIpickedmylfup,theroofandtheentireupperstoreyofthehouhadbeendemolished.

EOccasionallytherearewarningsigns.

FSincethenthefreezingSouthCarolinawintershaven’tbotheredHarold,sinceheiscompletelyunableto

feelthecold.

答案与题解：

1．D前文讲到“我”被爆炸击中，因此后文要讲被击昏然后醒来之后的事，D项符合。

2．A前文讲闪电是大自然绝对力量最可怕的展现方式之一，而宙斯在古希腊是力量的化身，古希腊人认为雷电

产生的原因是宙斯发怒并投掷闪电。

3．E后文讲到闪电来临之前的一些征兆，还讲到有一种产品可以预告闪电。此处要填的是该段的主题句，即闪

电到来之前会有一些征兆。

4．B前面讲到在高尔夫球场上被雷击的一个事例，后文讲闪电来临之时最安全的地方是汽车里，因此要填的句

子应该是讲在高尔夫球场不安全。

5．F前文讲Harold因为雷击丧失了感受温度的能力，F选项中关于他再也不怕冬天的寒冷的描述符合要求。

理工C阅读理解新增文章

第九篇AnEsntialScientificProcess

unlight,

t’snotall.

theoxygenisudbytheplant,butaplantusually

essoxygenisnecessaryforanimalsandotherorganismstolive.

Tslightenergyfromthesun,

bondioxide

bondioxidetravelstochloroplasts,specialcells

plastscontainthechlorophylls

ppedlight

energychangeswaterandcarbondioxidetoproduceoxygenandasimplesugarcalledgluco.

aporalsomovesoutofthestomata.

Morethan90perthe

daytime,lowscarbondioxidetoentertheleavesforphotosynthesis.

Asnightfalls,ossstops.

Ifphotosynthesiscead,ganismswould

th’ynthesisisntialforlifeonour

planet.

词汇：

nutrientn.营养物organismn.生物体，有机体carbondioxiden.二氧化碳chloroplastn.叶绿体moleculen.分子

vaporn.水蒸气oxygenn.氧气photosynthesisn.光合作用chlorophylln.叶绿素glucon.葡萄糖ceav.停止

注释：

1．Thenanimalsfeedupontheplants.动物以植物为食。

练习：

1．Inthefirstparagraph，theword“excess”means

Aheavy.

Bextra.

Cgreen.

Dliquid.

2．Whichofthefollowingdoesnotmovethroughaplant’sstomata?

ACarbondioxide.

BWatervapor.

COxygen.

DFood.

3．Inthetitle,thetermEsntialScientificProcessrefersto

Aphotosynthesis.

Btheformationofgluco.

Cglobalwarming.

Dwatergettingtotherootsofplants.

4．Thispassageisprimarilydevelopedby

Aexplainingaprocess.

Btellingastory.

Ccomparingandcontrasting.

Dconvincingthereaderofplants’importance.

5．Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe

AOxygenandCarbonDioxide.

BPlantsandTheirRoots.

CHowPhotosynthesisWorks.

DWhyOurEarthNeedsWater.

答案与题解：

1．B前文讲到，植物产生的氧气一部分被植物自身消耗了，但植物消耗的氧气量远小于它们产生的氧气，因此

可以推测这句话的意思应该是剩余的氧气对于动物以及其他生物体的生存是至关重要的。excess在句中的意思

是“超额的”，与extra“额外的”意思相近。

2．D从第三段的第一、二句得知，二氧化碳、氧气和水蒸气都能从气孔中通过，唯一一个没有提到的是food“养

分、食物”，因此该题选D项。

3．A文章通篇都在讲Photosynthesis，即光合作頌钠作用和重要性，文章结尾又重申了Photosynthesisis

esntialforlifeonourplanet，因此选A项。B项是光合作用的一个部分，C、D项则毫不相干。

4．A文章先是介绍了进行光合作用所需的原料和组织，又介绍了光合作用的过程，因此整个逻辑应该是解释过

程，而不是讲故事或比较对比。D项是“向读者说明植物的重要性”，这确实是文章的一个目的，但不是文章的组

织方式。

5．C文章的主题是光合作用的基本原理，因此选项C。A、B项在文中有提及，但不是主旨，D项与本文无关。

理工C补全短文新增文章：

第五篇ARecord-BreakingRover

NASA’sMarsroverOpportunityhasboldlygonewherenoroverhasgonebefore—atleastintermsofdistance.

____1____

OnJuly27,afteryearsofmovingaboutonMartianground,thegolf-cart-sizedOpportunityhaddrivenmore

than24miles,beatingthepreviousrecordholder—aSovietrovernttothemoonin1973.

“ThisissoremarkableconsideringOpportunitywasintendedtodriveabout1kilometerandwasnever

designedfordistance,”saysJohnCallas,theMarsExplorationRoverProjectManager.

____2____“Butwhatisreallyimportantlyisnothowmanymilestheroverhasrackedup,buthowmuch

explorationanddiscoverywehaveaccomplishedoverthatdistance.”

OPPORTUNITY

Thesolar-poweredOpportunityanditstwinrover,Spirit,landedonMars10yearsagoonamissionexpectedto

last3months.____3____

SpiritstoppedcommunicatingwithEarthinMarch2010,

OpportunityhascontinuedtocollectandanalyzeMartiansoilandrocks.

Duringitsmission,Opportunityhascaptured,andntbacktoEarth,some187,000panoramicand

microscopicimagesofMarswithitscameras.____4____

MARATHONROVER

Theroverdoesn’rtunitycancontinueon,itwillreachanothermajor

investigationsitewhenitsodometerhits26.2miles.____5____

RearchersbelievethatclaymineralxpodnearMarathonValleycouldholdcluestoMars’sancient

unity’scontinuingtravelswillalsohelprearchersastheyplanforaneventualhuman

missiontotheRedPlanet.

词汇：

Marsrovern.火星车panoramicadj.全景的odometern.里程计rackupv.积累microscopicadj.微观的

注释：

1．couldholdcluestoMars’sancientenvironment：含有与火星早期环境有关的线索。

练习：

AIthasalsoprovidedscientistswithdataontheplanet’satmosphere,soil,rocks,andterrain.

BHeworksatNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryinPasadena,California.

CScientistscallthissiteMarathonValley,becauwhentheroverreachesthearea,itwillhavetraveledthe

samedistanceasthelengthofamarathonsinceitsarrivalonMars.

DOpportunityhasbeenworkingonMarssinceJanuary2004.

ETheobjectiveoftheroverswastohelpscientistslearnmoreabouttheplanetandtoarchforsignsoflife，

suchasthepossibleprenceofwater.

FSincearrivingontheRedPlanetin2004,Opportunityhastraveled25.01miles,morethananyother

wheeledvehiclehasonanotherworld.

答案与题解：

1．F前文讲“机遇号”在距离上比之前的任何漫游车行进的距离都长，因此接下来应该讨论关于行进距离的问题。

2．B前文引入了一个新人物JohnCallas，而后文是他说的一些话，因此这里应该填写的内容是对这个人的进

一步介绍。

3．E前文讲了同时被送入太空的两台漫游车“机遇号”和“勇气号”，因此下文应该对它们的情况进行介绍，而关

于发射目的的介绍在这里是合适的。

4．A前文讲到“机遇号”给地面传回了许多照片，而选项A中讲到它还给地面传回了许多其他信息，在这里是一

致的。

5．C前文讲漫游车在行进到26.2英里的时候会到达一个地点，而后文提到了马拉松谷这个地方，因此这里应

该是关于这个地点的介绍。